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'''Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser''' ("God Save Emperor Francis") was an anthem to ], Emperor of the ] and later of ], written by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749-1827) and set to a tune written by ] in ]. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne/Emperor's Hymn."
The melody, along with several variations, is also the second movement of one of Haydn's ] ]s, and was subsequently used for '']'', and is still ]'s ].

==Words and music==

The sound file given below (played on a piano) uses the harmony Haydn employed for the string quartet version of his song, which he prepared later in the year 1797.

] to hear; ] format, 156k.]]

The German words can be translated approximately as follows:

:''God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!''<br/>
:''Long live Francis the Emperor in the brightest splendor of bliss!''<br/>
:''May laurel branches bloom for him, wherever he goes, as a wreath of honor.''<br/>
:''(God save ...)''

==History==

The song was written at a time when Austria was seriously threatened by ] and patriotic feeling was high. An Austrian aristocrat, Count ], had the idea of commissioning the anthem. Saurau later wrote:

:"I had a text fashioned by the worthy poet Haschka; and to have it set to music, I turned to our immortal compatriot Haydn, who, I felt, was the only man capable of creating something that could be placed at the side of ... '']''."

"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" was first performed on the Emperor's birthday, ], ]. It proved popular, and came to serve as the unofficial first ] of Austria.

==Composition==

Just as on many other occasions in his career, Haydn in composing "Gott erhalte" is believed to have mined his mental store of ]s, which he learned in childhood and perhaps also in field work during adult life. The particular folk source of "Gott erhalte" appears to be ]n in origin, and is known in ] and northern regions of Croatia under the name "Stal se jesem". The version below was collected by a field worker in the Croatian-speaking village of ], in eastern Austria:

] to hear; ] format, 41k.]]

The English musicologist , following the work of ], has discussed various versions of the tune, but he does not mention the most familiar of them, which is the German folksong "O wie wohl ist mir am Abend," the first line of which is virtually identical. He describes how Haydn transformed and (in the opinion of many) exalted his source material. The tonic note in the high octave near the end, felt by ] and others to be the climax of Haydn's melody, appears in none of the folk originals.

Haydn's ] appears to have been unsophisticated and fully sincere. During his frail and sickly old age (1802-1809), Haydn often would struggle to the piano to play his song, often with great feeling, as a form of consolation in his long illness.

==Later uses of the tune==

*Long after the composer's death, his melody was used as the tune of ]'s '']'' (1841), whose text begins "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; see the Misplaced Pages article just cited for full details concerning this setting.

*The tune has also been used as a ] in English, to lyrics by ] which begins "Glorious things of thee are spoken / Zion, city of our God." ,

*The music is also used with the hymn, ''Praise the Lord! O Heav'ns adore Him''. The name of this tune in English-language hymnals is "Austria".

*] in ], ] uses the tune for its University Hymn ("God of Light, Whose face beholding ...").

*] uses the tune for its ].

*After the death of Francis in ], the tune was given new lyrics that praised his successor, ]: "Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne / Unserm Kaiser Ferdinand!" ("Blessings to Austria's high son / Our Emperor Ferdinand!"). After Ferdinand's abdication in ], the original lyrics were used again because his successor (]) was also named Francis. However, in ], yet again new lyrics were selected: "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze / Unsern Kaiser, unser Land!" ("God preserve, God protect / Our Emperor, our country!"). The tune stopped being used for official purposes in Austria when monarchy was abolished in ].

*There have also been uses of the tune in ].

:*Shortly after finishing his melody, Haydn used it as the theme for the second movement (in ] form) of his famous ] opus 76 no. 3, popularly known as the "Emperor" Quartet (1797).
:*] wrote a set of variations for ] and ], his Opus 73. offers a sound illustration.
:*] wrote a set of variations on the tune for unaccompanied violin (''Variations on the Austrian National Anthem'', from ''L'école Moderne'', opus 10), which is reputed to be one of the most difficult unaccompanied violin showpieces ever composed.
:*] arranged the work for ] in 1876.

==Full text==

Haschka's 1797 poem contains five verses, reproduced below. For translations of the text into several of the languages that were spoken in the Austrian Empire, see ].

Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!<br/>
Lange lebe Franz, der Kaiser,<br/>
In des Glückes hellstem Glanz!<br/>
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser,<br/>
Wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Laß von seiner Fahne Spitzen<br/>
Strahlen Sieg und Fruchtbarkeit!<br/>
Laß in seinem Rate Sitzen<br/>
Weisheit, Klugheit, Redlichkeit;<br/>
Und mit Seiner Hoheit Blitzen<br/>
Schalten nur Gerechtigkeit!<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Ströme deiner Gaben Fülle<br/>
Über ihn, sein Haus und Reich!<br/>
Brich der Bosheit Macht, enthülle<br/>
Jeden Schelm- und Bubenstreich!<br/>
Dein Gesetz sei stets sein Wille,<br/>
Dieser uns Gesetzen gleich.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Froh erleb' er seiner Lande,<br/>
Seiner Völker höchsten Flor!<br/>
Seh' sie, Eins durch Bruderbande,<br/>
Ragen allen andern vor!<br/>
Und vernehm' noch an dem Rande<br/>
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Translation:
God keep Francis the emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis!
Long live Francis the emperor,
In the brightest splendor of happines!
May springs of laurel bloom for him
As a garland of honor, wherever he goes.
God keep Francis the emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis!

From the tips of his flag
May victory and fruitfulness shine!
In his council
May knowledge, wisdom and honesty sit!
And with his Highness' lightning
May justice but prevail!
God keep Francis the emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis!

May the abundance of thy gifts
Pour over him, his house and Empire!
Break the power of wickedness, and reveal
Every trick of rogues and knaves!
May thy Law always be his Will,
And may this be like laws to us.
God keep Francis the emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis!

May he gladly experience the highest bloom
Of his land and of his peoples!
May he see them, united by the bonds of brothers,
Loom over all others!
And may he hear at the edge
Of his late tomb his grandchildren's chorus.
God keep Francis the emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis!

==Version of 1826==

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz,<br/>
Hoch als Herrscher, hoch als Weiser,<br/>
Steht er in des Ruhmes Glanz;<br/>
Liebe windet Lorbeerreiser<br/>
Ihm zum ewig grünen Kranz.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Über blühende Gefilde<br/>
Reicht sein Scepter weit und breit;<br/>
Säulen seines Throns sind milde,<br/>
Biedersinn und Redlichkeit,<br/>
Und von seinem Wappenschilde<br/>
Strahlet die Gerechtigkeit.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Sich mit Tugenden zu schmücken,<br/>
Achtet er der Sorgen werth,<br/>
Nicht um Völker zu erdrücken<br/>
Flammt in seiner Hand das Schwert:<br/>
Sie zu segnen, zu beglücken,<br/>
Ist der Preis, den er begehrt,<br/>
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

Er zerbrach der Knechtschaft Bande,<br/>
Hob zur Freiheit uns empor!<br/>
Früh' erleb' er deutscher Lande,<br/>
Deutscher Völker höchsten Flor,<br/>
Und vernehme noch am Rande<br/>
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor:<br/>
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|

===Burney's translation===

During Haydn's lifetime, the ] ], a friend of the composer, made an English translation of the first verse which is more felicitous if less literal than the one given above.

God preserve the Emp'ror Francis<br/>
Sov'reign ever good and great;<br/>
Save, o save him from mischances<br/>
In Prosperity and State!<br/>
May his Laurels ever blooming<br/>
Be by Patriot Virtue fed;<br/>
May his worth the world illumine<br/>
And bring back the Sheep misled!<br/>
God preserve our Emp'ror Francis!<br/>
Sov'reign ever good and great.

The penultimate couplet about sheep lacks a counterpart in the original German and appears to be Burney's own contribution.

==See also==

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==External link==

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Revision as of 03:37, 18 October 2006