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Template:Serbian cities 4 Belgrade (Serbian: Београд or Beograd listen) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is one of the oldest cities in Europe, first emerging as prehistoric Vinča in 4800 BC, it was settled in the 3rd century BC by the Celts, before becoming the Roman settlement of Singidunum. The Slavic name Beligrad (a form of Beograd) was first recorded in 878 AD. It has been the capital of Serbia since 1403, and was the capital of various South Slav states from 1918 until 2003, as well as Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 until 2006.

The city lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers in north central Serbia, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula. The official population of the Belgrade region is 1,576,124. Unofficially - taking into account the large number of Serb refugees from Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and displaced persons from the province of Kosovo-Metohia - the population probably surpasses 2 million. It is the largest city on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and by population ranks fourth in the Balkans behind Istanbul, Athens and Bucharest.

Belgrade has the status of a separate territorial unit in Serbia, with its own autonomous city government. Its territory is divided into 17 municipalities, each of which has its own local council. Belgrade spreads over 3.6% of the territory of Serbia, and 21% of the Serbian population (excluding that of the Kosovo-Metohia province) lives in the city. It is the central economic hub of Serbia, and the capital of Serbian culture, education and science.

Geography

Old Belgrade is situated in South-Eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, while New Belgrade and Zemun geographically belong to Central Europe. It lies at the point where the river Sava merges into the Danube, on the slope between two alluvial plains. The river waters surround it from three sides, and that is why since ancient times it has been the "Guardian of river passages". Because of its position it was often called "the gate" of the Balkans, and "the door" to Central Europe. The city's main traffic artery stretches from Kalemegdan, along Knez Mihailova Street, and through Terazije to Slavija.

At Knez Mihailova Street, the coordinates of Belgrade are marked:

• 44°49'14" of northern latitude
• 20°27'44" of eastern longitude
• altitude 116.75 m.

Belgrade is at the intersection of roads that lead between Eastern and Western Europe, from the Morava-Vardar valley and the Nišava-Marica valley, to the shores of the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and to the Middle East. The city lies on the Danube River, the sailing route which connects the Western and Central European countries with the countries of South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. After the construction of the artificial lake and the Đerdap power station, Belgrade became a river and sea port. Ships from the Black Sea sail to its docks, and with the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube canal, Belgrade came to the center of the most important sailing route in Europe: The North Sea - Atlantic - Black Sea route.

Climate

Belgrade has a moderate continental climate, with four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days of sub-zero temperature. January is the coldest month, with an average temperature of 0.4 °C. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly.

The average annual air temperature, for the period from 1961 to 1990 was 11.9 °C. The hottest months are July (21.7 °C) and August (21.3 °C). The lowest temperature in Belgrade was recorded on January 10, 1893 (-26.2 °C), and the highest on August 12, 1921 and on September 9, 1946 (41.8 °C). The average annual number of days with temperatures higher than 30 °C - the so-called tropical days - is 31 and that of summer days with temperature higher than 25 °C is 95.

The southeast-east wind Košava, which blows from the Carpathians and brings clear and dry weather, is characteristic of the local climate. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 km/h. Košava is the strongest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is 685 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. The average number of sunny hours over the year is 2.096 hours. There are about 10 hours of sun a day in July and August, while December and January are the cloudiest, with only 2 to 2.3 hours of sun per day. The average number of snowy days is 27; snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.

History

Belgrade has come under some form of attack some 54 times since AD 1, or every 37 years on average. Its violent history derived some nicknames through different conquerors: "Guardian of Christianity", "House of Jihad", "Key to the Balkans", "Gate of Central Europe", "The Balkan Queen", "The Cursed Beauty" and so on.

The Vinča culture existed in or near Belgrade and dominated the Balkans about 7,000 years ago. Settled in the 3rd century BC by the Celts before becoming the Roman settlement of Singidunum, the site passed to the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire.

Middle Ages

Singidunum experienced occupation by successive invaders of the region—Huns, Sarmatians, Ostrogoths and Avars—before the arrival of the Slavs (Serbs) around AD 630. The first record of the Slavic name Beograd dates back to 878 A.D., during the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire. For about four centuries the city remained a subject of warfare between Byzantium, Royal Hungary and First Bulgarian Empire. It finally passed to Serbian rule as a part of Kingdom of Syrmia in 1284. The first Serbian king to rule over Belgrade was Dragutin (1276–1282), the ruler of the Kingdom of Syrmia, who received it as a gift from his father-in-law, the Hungarian king Ladislav IV.

"I cometh and found the noblest burgh from ancient times, the grand town of Belgrade, by sorry fate destroyed and nearly void. Having rebuilt it, I consecrated it to the Holy Mother of God".

Following a terrible losses at the Battle of Kosovo of 1389, the Serbian Empire began to crumble, the south being conquered by the Ottoman Empire. However, the north resisted in the form of the Serbian Despotate, which had Belgrade as its capital. The city flourished under Despot Stefan Lazarević, son of the famous Serbian ruler Lazar Hrebljanović. Its ancient walls were refortified, along with its castles, harbours and churches, which helped to avoid surrender to the Ottoman Turks for almost 70 years. At that time Belgrade became a haven for many Balkan peoples escaping Ottoman control. In 1453, the Serbian Despotate fell to the Ottomans, but Belgrade itself invited in Hungarian kings for protection. The Ottomans, however, wanted Belgrade no matter what the cost as it was considered the "key to the Balkans" and also the "key of Hungary" they invaded in 1456, leading to the famous Siege of Belgrade where the Christian army under John Hunyadi successfully defended the city from the Ottomans.This war led to the celebration of Belgrade around Europe as the "Guardian of Christianity". At this time, considered a peak of Belgrade's glory, the city boasted a diverse population numbering well over 100,000 people. Belgrade regulated the traffic between East and West, becoming a "Christian Mecca" and a cultural hub for South-Eastern Europe.

Turkish conquest

Under Suleyman the Magnificent, on 28 August 1521, the fort was recaptured by the Ottoman Empire. By 1526 Turks had already conquered southern Hungary, by 1541 they held the Hungarian capital, Buda, and by 1563 were already knocking on the door of Western Europe in Vienna. The city of Belgrade deteriorated as its buildings were demolished and robbed by the conquerors. It was the site of a major rebellion in 1594 (the Banat Uprising), which was brutally crushed by the Turks, who burned churches and even the relics of Saint Sava on the Vračar plateau, an event the Temple of Saint Sava was built to commemorate in more recent times. Thrice occupied by Austria (1688-1690, 1717-1739, 1789-1791), it was recaptured and substantially razed each time by the Ottomans. During this period, the city was affected by the two Great Serbian Migrations, in which hundreds of thousands of Serbs, led by their patriarchs, retreated together with the Austrians into the Habsburg Empire in 1690 and 1737, settling in today's Vojvodina and Slavonia. During the First Serbian Uprising the Serbian rebels held the city from January 8 1806 to 1813, when it was retaken by the Ottomans. In 1817 it became the capital of the autonomous Principality of Serbia (except in the period from 1818–1839, when Kragujevac was the country's capital).

After independence

The capital was moved from Kragujevac to Belgrade by Prince Mihailo Obrenović, following the departure of the town's Turkish garrison in 1867. With Serbia's full independence in 1878 and its transformation into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882, Belgrade once again became a key city in the Balkans, developing rapidly. But despite the opening of a railway to Niš, Serbia's second city, conditions in Serbia as a whole remained those of an overwhelmingly agrarian country, and in 1900 the capital had only 69,000 inhabitants. However, by the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the city had grown to over 100,000, not counting Zemun that belonged to Vojvodina/Austro-Hungary at that time.

After the occupation by Austro-Hungarian and German troops in 1915-1918 during World War I, Belgrade experienced faster growth and significant modernisation as the capital of the new Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the 1920s and 1930s, growing in population to 239,000 by 1931 with the incorporation of the western suburb of Zemun, formerly on the Austro-Hungarian bank of the river. On 6-April 7, 1941, Belgrade was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe (killing thousands of people) and Yugoslavia was invaded by German, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian forces, aided by domestic Albanians and Croats, and the western suburbs were incorporated into a Nazi puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. The city was bombed by the Allies as well, on 16-April 17 1944. Both bombings happened to fall on Orthodox Christian Easter. Most of the city remained under German occupation until October 20, 1944, when it was liberated by communist Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army. In the post-war period Belgrade grew rapidly as the capital of the renewed Yugoslavia, developing as a major industrial centre. In March 1972, Belgrade was at the centre of the last major outbreak of smallpox in Europe. The epidemic, which was contained with enforced quarantine and mass vaccination, was over by late May.

Recent history

On March 9, 1991 massive demonstrations, lead by Vuk Drašković, were held against Slobodan Milošević in the city. Two people, high school student Branivoje Milinović and policeman Nedeljko Kosović were killed, 203 people were injured, and 108 were arrested in the protests, which involved between 100,000 and 150,000 people (according to various media outlets). Later that day tanks were deployed onto the streets in order to restore order. Branivoje Milinović (1973–1991), was a 17 year-old Serb high school student. According to his parents, he was just going into the city centre to buy some cassettes when he was killed. Milinović is considered by some to be the first victim of the break-up of Yugoslavia. After alleged electoral fraud at local elections, protests were held in Belgrade from November 1996 to February 1997 against the government of Slobodan Milošević. After elections in 2000, Belgrade was the site of major demonstrations with over half a million people on the streets (800,000 by police estimate, over 1,000,000 according to Misha Glenny) which caused the ousting of president Milošević.

NATO air strikes caused substantial damage to the city during the Kosovo War in 1999. Among the sites bombed were the buildings of the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of the Interior, and the Ministry of Finance, the Presidential Residence, a few television and radio broadcasting stations (RTV Pink, Košava, Radio S, ELMAG) including RTS (Radio Television of Serbia) killing 17 technicians, the Dragiša Mišović Hospital, the Socialist Party of Serbia headquarters, the Jugoslavija Hotel, and the Chinese embassy.

Zoran Đinđić, the late Prime Minister of Serbia, was the first democratically elected Mayor of Belgrade in the post-communist period. The current mayor is Nenad Bogdanović.

Government & Politics

The current mayor of Belgrade is Nenad Bogdanović, a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected in 2004.

Municipalities

Demographics

In addition to its native population, Belgrade is home to many Serbs from all over the former Yugoslavia, who either came seeking a better, or fled as refugees from war and ethnic cleansing. Many non-Serbs also live in Belgrade, largely as a result of Belgrade having been the capital of the multi-ethnic Yugoslavia. There have also been many Chinese immigrants in recent years. There are also several historic religious communities in Belgrade.

Culture

Belgrade hosts many annual cultural events, including FEST (Belgrade Film Festival), BITEF (Belgrade Theatre Festival), BELEF (Belgrade Summer Festival), BEMUS (Belgrade Music Festival), Belgrade Book Fair, and the Belgrade Beer Festival. The Nobel prize winning author Ivo Andrić wrote his most famous work, The Bridge on the Drina, in Belgrade. Other prominent Belgrade authors include Miloš Crnjanski, Borislav Pekić, Milorad Pavić and Meša Selimović. Most of Serbia's film industry is based in Belgrade, and one of the most notable films to be made there was 1995's Palme d'Or winning Underground, directed by Emir Kusturica. The city was one of the main centres of the Yugoslav New Wave in the 1970s: VIS Idoli, Ekatarina Velika and Šarlo Akrobata were all from Belgrade. Other notable Belgrade rock acts include Riblja Čorba, Bajaga i Instruktori and others. During the 1990s the city was the main centre (in the former Yugoslavia) of a musical style known as turbofolk. Today, it is the centre of the Serbian hip hop scene, with acts such as Beogradski Sindikat, Škabo, Marčelo, and most of the Bassivity Music stable hailing from or living in the city.

Museums

The most prominent museum in Belgrade is the National Museum, founded in 1844, which houses a collection of more than 400,000 exhibits - including many foreign masterpieces. The Military Museum is popular with foreign tourists as it houses parts of a F-117 stealth aircraft shot down by Yugoslav forces, in addition to a wide range military exhibits dating as far back as to the Roman Empire. The Ethnographic Museum, established in 1901, contains more than 160,000 items showcasing the rural and urban culture of the Balkans, particularly the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The Museum of Contemporary Art has a collection of around 8,540 works of art produced in Yugoslavia since 1900. The Nikola Tesla Museum, founded in 1952, preserves the personal items of Nikola Tesla, the inventor after whom the Tesla unit was named. It holds around 160,000 original documents and around 5,700 other items. One of the more unusual museums in Belgrade is the Museum of African Art, founded in the days of socialist solidarity with the undeveloped nations of the Third World. The Museum of Yugoslav Aviation, situated near Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, has a collection consisting of 130 planes including the only remaining Fiat G.50.

Education

Belgrade University was founded in 1808 as a Great Academy. It is one of the oldest educational institutions in the country (the oldest higher-education facility - the Teacher's College in Subotica - dates back to 1689). The Belgrade educational system is under the control of the Serbian Ministry of Education and Sport, while a minor part is controlled by the Secretariat of Education. Belgrade has two state universities, and private institutions for higher education are being established as well. There are 195 primary (elementary) schools, and 85 secondary schools. Of the primary schools, there are 162 regular, 14 special, 15 art and 4 adult schools. The secondary school system consists of 51 vocational, 21 gymnasiums, 8 art schools and 5 special schools. There are 230,000 enrolled pupils, managed by 22,000 employees in over 500 buildings, covering around 1,100,000 sqm.

Night life

Belgrade offers a rather sophisticated night life. Many clubs can be found throughout the city that are open until dawn. The most recognizable nightlife feature of Belgrade are the barges (called "splavs") that are spread along the banks of the Sava and Danube Rivers.

Recently, according to several local, regional and international news magazines, papers and news agencies, notably The New York Times and CNN, Belgrade has become a regional night life hub, in part as it is more affordable in comparison to the rest of Europe and the regional capitals like Zagreb and Ljubljana. Weekend visitors from Europe and most notably from Croatia and Slovenia consider Belgrade more of a metropolis than the capitals of their own countries, citing friendly atmosphere, great clubs and bars, cheap drinks, language they can understand and lack of restrictive night life regulation.

Belgrade also has a small and somewhat secluded gay scene where LGBT people enjoy socializing. Apparently, the city has two permanent gay clubs named "X club" and "G club", both located downtown. Additionaly, a number of lively, public LGBT parties are hosted monthly, promoted individually through Serbia's on-line LGBT portal Gay Serbia. There are also few gay and gay-friendly cafes, located downtown. Intolerance towards sexual minorities is still somewhat common in Belgrade and Serbia.

Famous spots for the followers of what is often termed alternative or non-mainstream music and cultural trends can enjoy famous and very well established clubs named Akademija located in the basement of the Faculty of Fine Arts located in Knez Mihajlova Street and famed KST (Klub Studenata Tehnike) located in the basement of the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Electrical Engineering building at Kralja Aleksandra Boulevard. One of the most famous sites of alternative cultural happenings in the city is the SKC "Studentski Kulturni Centar" or the student's cultural centre, located in a representative building in Kralja Milana Street right across from Belgrade's highrise landmark Beogradjanka. This centre has a large stage hall where concerts are often held including some of the most famous local and foreign bands. SKC is also very often the site of various art exhibitions, as well as public debates and discussions.

Those preferring a more traditional Serbian night life experience accompanied by traditional music locally termed "Starogradska" roughly translated into English as the Old Town Music typical of Northern Serbia's urban environments, can opt for a night out at Skadarlija city's old bohemian neighbourhood where poets and artists of Belgrade gathered in the 19th century and early 20th century. Skadar Street and the surrounding neighbourhood are lined with some of Belgrade's best and oldest traditional restaurants, which date back to that period. At one end of the neighbourhood stands Belgrade's oldest beer brewery founded in late 18th century.

Sport

There are around a thousand sports facilities in Belgrade, many of which are capable of serving all levels of sporting events. Belgrade has hosted several relatively major sporting events recently, including Eurobasket 2005, the 2005 European Volleyball Championship, and the 2006 European Waterpolo Championship. Belgrade will be the host city of the 2009 Summer Universiade, defeating the cities of Monterrey and Poznań.

The city launched two unsuccessful candidate bids to organize the Summer Olympic Games: for the 1992 Summer Olympics it was to be decided between Barcelona and Belgrade, with the games going to Barcelona. The 1996 Summer Olympics ultimately went to Atlanta.

The city is home to Serbia's two best football teams, Red Star Belgrade and FC Partizan, as well as a few other first league clubs. The two big stadiums in Belgrade are the Marakana (Red Star Stadium) and the Partizan Stadium. Belgrade Arena is used for basketball matches, along with Pionir Hall and the Hala sportova. Ada Ciganlija is an island (now connected with the shore creating popular artificial Sava lake) on the Sava river, and Belgrade's biggest sports and recreational complex. It is the most popular destination for Belgraders during the city's hot summers. There are 10 kilometres of long beaches and sports facilities for various sports including golf, rugby, football, basketball, volleyball and tennis. Extreme sports are included, like bungee jumping, water skiing, and there is even a paintball club. There are numerous tracks on the island, where it is possible to ride a bike, take a relaxing walk or jog. Many other recreational facilities are available, including fishing.

Tourism

Since 2000, in line with Yugoslavia's revival of diplomatic relations with Western Europe and the USA, Belgrade has been seeing a return of foreign holidaymakers absent since the internal wars of the nineties. Belgrade is again becoming a choice for weekend breaks and more and more foreign tourists are to be found walking the city's streets.

Belgrade is also the most important tourism destination in Serbia. International tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the economy. From 2002 to 2004, revenue generated from international visitors increased from $70 million to $220 million. In 2005 it further rose to $350 million, and by 2008 it is projected to reach $1 billion.

Full of restaurants, bars, clubs, museums and situated at the confluence of two major rivers, the city has much to offer. It is also well served by air, rail and road links, with reasonable driving distances to many European cities.

The historic areas and buildings of Belgrade are among the city's premier attractions. They include Skadarlija, the National Museum and adjacent National Theatre, Zemun, Nikola Pašić Square, Terazije, Students' Square, the Kalemegdan Fortress, Prince Michael Street, the Federal Parliament, the Temple of Saint Sava, and the Old Palace. On top of this, there are many parks, monuments, cafes, restaurants and shops; both sides of the river Sava, not to mention views of the city from the Avala Monument, on a hilltop overlooking the city. Josip Broz Tito's mausoleum, called Kuća Cveća (The House of Flowers), and the nearby Topčider and Košutnjak parks are also popular, especially among visitors from the fromer Yugoslavia.

In recent years growing numbers of young people, especially from Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, have visited Belgrade to enjoy the city's nightlife.

Media

Belgrade is the most important media hub in Serbia. The city is home to the main headquarters of the national television network Radio Television Serbia - RTS, which is currently in the process of being transformed into a public service broadcaster.

High-circulation daily newspapers published in Belgrade include Politika, Večernje novosti, Blic, Glas javnosti, and Sportski žurnal. Other dailies published in the city are Press, Borba, and Kurir.

The two most popular Serbian weekly newsmagazines, NIN & Vreme, are published in Belgrade.

In addition to RTS, which is still state owned, Belgrade is home to other commercial television networks with Serbia-wide coverage: B92, Pink, Happy/Košava, Avala, and FOX, while channels such as Studio B, BK and TV Politika cover only the greater Belgrade municipal area.

Numerous specialty channels are also on offer: SOS focuses on sports, Metropolis is music oriented, Art TV covers art-based topics, Cinemania plays movies most of the day, while Happy TV considers pre-school kids as its target audience.

Architecture

Various parts of Belgrade have wildly varying architecture, from the center of Zemun, which is a typical one for a Central European town (Vojvodina), via still remaining Turkish-styled buildings and street layout of the centre of Belgrade, to modern architecture and layout of Novi Beograd.

Transportation

Belgrade's public transport system is based on buses (112 lines), trams (12 lines), and trolleybuses (8 lines). The system is mostly run by the City Traffic Company (Serbian: Градско Саобраћајно Предузеће or Gradsko Saobraćajno Preduzeće, ГСП or GSP), in cooperation with some private companies on various bus routes. Belgrade also has a commuter railway network, Beovoz, run by the Serbian Railways. The city's Main Railway Station connects Belgrade with other European capitals, as well as with many of towns in Serbia. However, more popular in Serbia is travel by coach, and the capital is well served with daily connections to all major and minor towns in the country, as well as in the region. The motorway system provides for easy access by car to Novi Sad to the north, Niš to the south, and Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, to the west. As a city situated at the confluence of two major rivers, the Danube and the Sava, Belgrade has many bridges - eight over the Sava, and one over the Danube. The Port of Belgrade Serbian: Лука "Београд" or Luka "Beograd") is on the Danube, and allows the city to receive goods by river. The city is served by Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport (IATA: BEG), a few kilometres west of the city centre. At its peak in 1986, almost 3 million pasengers travelled through the airport, though that number dwindled to a trickle in the 1990s. Following growth since 2000, the number of passengers reached about 2 million in 2004.

Miscellaneous

Names through history

The following is a list of names of Belgrade through history:

Sister cities

Belgrade is twinned with the following cities:

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items.

Other forms of cooperation and city friendship similar to the twin/sister city programmes:

Honours

The City of Belgrade has received various domestic and international honours, including the Legion of Honour, the War Cross, Karađorđe's Star with Swords, and the Order of National Hero. In 2006 the Financial Times of London awarded Belgrade the title of City of the Future of Southern Europe.

Trivia

There are eight other towns or cities named after Belgrade, and all of them are in the U.S., in the states of Minnesota (two, one in St. Louis County and the other in Stearns County), Montana, Nebraska, Maine, Missouri, North Carolina and Texas. Most of them were named after Belgrade to commemorate the fight between Serbs and Ottoman Empire on the territory of and around Belgrade. Belgrade has one of the longest dead end streets in the world, Južni Bulevar (8.2 km).

Gallery

See also

• List of Belgrade suburbs

References

1. ^ Vinča and its culture Cite error: The named reference "Vinca" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
2. ^ City of Belgrade - History (Ancient Period) Cite error: The named reference "ancient" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
3. City of Belgrade - History (Important Years Through City History)
4. ^ "Књиге резултата Пописа 2002.": "Књига 1: Национална или етничка припадност - подаци по насељима", page 14. Републички завод за статистику Србије, 2003. Cite error: The named reference "popis" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
5. ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia - Municipal indicators Cite error: The named reference "mdata" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
6. City of Belgrade - History (Byzantine Empire)
7. ^ City of Belgrade - History (Medieval Serbian Belgrade) Cite error: The named reference "MSH" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
8. Ottoman-Hungarian Wars: Siege of Belgrade in 1456 by Tom R. Kovach (Historynet.com)
9. ^ City of Belgrade - History (Turkish and Austrian Rule) Cite error: The named reference "imperialrule" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
10. ^ City of Belgrade - History (Liberation of Belgrade) Cite error: The named reference "bglib" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
11. ^ City of Belgrade - History (The Capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia) Cite error: The named reference "20c" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
12. Bioterrorism: Civil Liberties Under Quarantine
13. Датум за незаборав и опемену
14. 9. марта Милошевић није могао пасти
15. Србија на митинзима (1990. - 1999.
16. City of Belgrade - History (Disintegration Years 1988-2000)
17. Антонић, Слободан. "Србија после Милошевића". Нова спрска политичка мисао. 15 Mar. 2001
18. Glenny, Misha. Can Serbia's new leaders overcome the legacy of Slobodan Milosevic?. The New Yorker, 30 Oct, 2000
19. The Washington Post, Tuesday, June 22, 1999.
20. "Књиге резултата Пописа 2002.": "Књига 3: Вероисповест, матерњи језик и национална или етничка припадност према старости и полу - подаци по општинама", page 12. Републички завод за статистику Србије, 2003.
21. City of Belgrade - Culture and Art (Cultural Events)
22. Задужбина Иве Андрића - Биографија Иве Андрића
23. Народни Музеј у Београду - О Музеју
24. Универзитет у Београду - Правни факултет (Историјат)
25. City of Belgrade - Education and Science
26. Deutsche Welle: Belgrade's Nightlife Floats on the Danube
27. ^ B92: Slovenci dolaze u “grad koji ne spava” Cite error: The named reference "slovenci" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
28. ^ Večernji list: U Beograd na vikend-zabavu Cite error: The named reference "hrvati" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
29. ГСП "Београд" - Статистика
30. Железнице Србије - Беовоз
31. Лука "Београд" - Историјат и положај
32. Ваздухопловни водич - Аеродром "Београд"
33. Данас - Регионални центар путничког и карго саобраћаја, 20 May 2005
34. Belgrade - City of the Future in Southern Europe

External links

Template:Wikitravel

• City of Belgrade Official Website
• Tourist Organization of Belgrade
• Architecture of Belgrade
• BeoBuild (Construction projects and observation of the construction sites)

v t e Municipalities and cities of Serbia
v t e Municipalities of Belgrade Municipalities Barajevo Čukarica Grocka Lazarevac Mladenovac New Belgrade Obrenovac Palilula Rakovica Savski Venac Sopot Stari Grad Surčin Voždovac Vračar Zemun Zvezdara
v t e Municipalities and cities of Vojvodina Cities Kikinda Novi Sad Pančevo Sombor Sremska Mitrovica Subotica Vršac Zrenjanin Municipalities Ada Alibunar Apatin Bač Bačka Palanka Bačka Topola Bački Petrovac Bečej Bela Crkva Beočin Čoka Inđija Irig Kanjiža Kovačica Kovin Kula Mali Iđoš Nova Crnja Novi Bečej Novi Kneževac Odžaci Opovo Pećinci Plandište Ruma Sečanj Senta Šid Srbobran Sremski Karlovci Stara Pazova Temerin Titel Vrbas Žabalj Žitište
v t e Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia Cities Čačak Jagodina Kragujevac Kraljevo Kruševac Loznica Novi Pazar Šabac Užice Užice Sevojno Valjevo Municipalities Aleksandrovac Aranđelovac Arilje Bajina Bašta Batočina Bogatić Brus Čajetina Ćićevac Ćuprija Despotovac Gornji Milanovac Ivanjica Knić Koceljeva Kosjerić Krupanj Lajkovac Lapovo Lučani Ljig Ljubovija Mali Zvornik Mionica Nova Varoš Osečina Paraćin Požega Priboj Prijepolje Rača Raška Rekovac Sjenica Svilajnac Topola Trstenik Tutin Ub Varvarin Vladimirci Vrnjačka Banja
v t e Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia Cities Bor Leskovac Niš Crveni Krst Medijana Niška Banja Palilula Pantelej Pirot Požarevac Požarevac Kostolac Prokuplje Smederevo Vranje Vranje Vranjska Banja Zaječar Municipalities Aleksinac Babušnica Bela Palanka Blace Bojnik Boljevac Bosilegrad Bujanovac Crna Trava Dimitrovgrad Doljevac Gadžin Han Golubac Kladovo Knjaževac Kučevo Kuršumlija Lebane Majdanpek Malo Crniće Medveđa Merošina Negotin Petrovac Preševo Ražanj Smederevska Palanka Sokobanja Surdulica Svrljig Trgovište Velika Plana Veliko Gradište Vladičin Han Vlasotince Žabari Žagubica Žitorađa
v t e Municipalities and cities of Kosovo i Metohija Cities Priština Municipalities Dečani Đakovica Glogovac Gnjilane Gora Kosovo Polje Kosovska Kamenica Kosovska Mitrovica Istok Kačanik Klina Leposavić Lipljan Novo Brdo Obilić Orahovac Peć Podujevo Prizren Srbica Suva Reka Štimlje Štrpce Vitina Vučitrn Zubin Potok Zvečan  Kosovo declared independence in 2008 but is still claimed as part of its territory by Serbia.

v t e The Danube
Countries	Germany Austria Slovakia Hungary Croatia Serbia Bulgaria Romania Moldova Ukraine
Cities	Ulm Ingolstadt Regensburg Passau Linz Vienna Bratislava Győr Budapest Vukovar Novi Sad Belgrade Smederevo Vidin Ruse Silistra Brăila Galați Reni Izmail Kiliia Tulcea
Tributaries	Iller Lech Regen Isar Inn Morava Váh Hron Ipeľ/Ipoly Drava Tisza/Tisa Sava Timiș/Tamiš Great Morava Timok Jiu Iskar Vit Olt Osam Yantra Vedea Argeș Ialomița Siret Prut
Canals	Rhine–Main–Danube Canal Danube–Black Sea Canal
See also	Breg Brigach Source Danube Bend Danube Delta List of islands in the Danube List of crossings of the Danube Internationalization

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• Belgrade
• Cities, towns and villages in Central Serbia
• Capitals in Europe
• Cities on the Danube
• Šumadija
• 3rd century BC establishments