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| ], 1695. Rhoda is in the upper left of the woodcut.]] | ], 1695. Rhoda is in the upper left of the woodcut.]] | ||
| '''Rhoda''' (''Gk'' ˁΡόδη) is an individual mentioned once in the ]. She appears only in ] {{bibleverse-nb||Acts|12:12-15|NIV}}. Rhoda (whose ] means "]"<ref>], '''', RHODA.</ref>) was a girl ({{lang-gr|παιδισκη}}) living in the house of ], the mother of ]. Many biblical translations state that she was a 'maid' or 'servant girl'. After ] was miraculously ], he went to the house and knocked on the door. Rhoda came to answer it, and when she heard Peter's voice she was so overjoyed that she rushed to tell the others, and forgot to open the door for him. She told the group of Christians who were praying that Peter was there. They did not believe her at first, and told her she was "out of her mind". When she kept insisting that it was Peter, they said, "It is his ]." Yet Peter kept on knocking, and eventually they opened the door for him. | |||
| ===== Rhoda (Bibliography) ===== | |||
| Peter had walked out of a prison chained to, and guarded by, Roman soldiers and confined behind secure walls; yet, was unable to get past a gate because a servant girl was too excited to open it for him. ] suggests that it is "difficult not to smile when reading this little anecdote,"<ref>], ''Acts'' (Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2005), 148.</ref> while ] says that the scene is "full of vivid humour."<ref>], ''Commentary on the Book of the Acts'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964), 251.</ref> ] surmised that Rhoda recognized Peter's voice because she had "often heard him preach and converse family".<ref>Gill, J. ''Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible'', (http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/acts/12.htm) accessed 31 August 2015</ref> However, theologians Donald Fay Robinson and Warren M. Smaltz have suggested that the incident involving Rhoda really represents an idealized account of the death of St. Peter, which may have occurred in a Jerusalem prison in 44 AD.<ref>Robinson, D. F., 'Where and When did Peter die?', ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' Vol 64 (1945), supported by Smaltz, W. M., Did Peter die in Jerusalem?, ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' Vol. 71, No. 4 (Dec., 1952), pp. 211-216 accessed 31 August 2015</ref> | |||
| === Rhoda, A feminist Perspective === | |||
| I do not believe that Rhoda was written to be a comic relief but to challenge the very social “rules” of the day. In chapter two the writer of Acts quotes Peter, who is quoting the prophet Joel, stating, 17 “‘In the last days, God says,I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. 18 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy. 19 I will show wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below, blood and fire and billows of smoke. 20 The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord. 21 And everyone who call son the name of the Lord will be saved” <ref>(Acts 2:17-21)</ref>. This passage correlates with the passage in Galatians chapter three. “26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus” <ref>(Galatians 3:26-28)</ref>. | |||
| The writer of Acts begins with a focus on the lives of women, slaves, young men and women prophesying and seeing visions. Going against the social roles of the day by taking the core belief of the apostle Paul and eliminating them. Kathy Chambers in the book “A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles” states, “these scenes reveal more than Luke’s invocation of comedic elements: they demonstrate how Christian adaptations of comedic tropes challenged the dominant cultural construction of status and gender, of ecclesial authority, slaves, and women”<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=89|edition=9th}}</ref> . The writer of Acts believed that women and slaves would prophecy and used the story of Rhoda as evidence. However, “Rhoda lacked the necessary authority to have her message taken seriously because of her status of both woman and slave, and the resistance of her listeners completely prevented her message from being delivered” <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=94|edition=9th}}</ref>. The struggle is real with Rhoda, the people she serves “would rather believe that Peter is dead and so in the inefficacy of their prayer than heed the words of a female slave” <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=94|edition=9th}}</ref>. Rather then letting her status and those of the house church silence her she had enough courage and faith to keep insisting that it was Peter. It was not until the people of the house church saw Peter with there own eyes that they were amazed and believed it was him. “Acts 12 is that Rhoda’s appearance, especially when compared to that of Peter, confirms the import of the voice of women slaves. Rather than reinforcing the status quo, Luke’s play upon comedic conventions can be seen as challenging constructions of status and gender” <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=96|edition=9th}}</ref>. Rhoda, the only slave named in the Synoptic Gospels, is more then just a slave girl who “forgot” to open the door. | |||
| ===== Rhoda compared to Mary Magdalene ===== | |||
| Rhoda, the slave girl in Acts, can be closely compared to the well-known woman who was at the tomb at the time of Jesus’ resurrection, Mary Magdalene. In the book A Feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles, Kathy Chambers makes the statement “But if Rhoda’s voice—the voice of the woman and the slave—is now, like the voice of the women at the tomb, to be treated with respect” <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=95|edition=9th}}</ref>. When Rhoda heard the initial knock at the door and gained the knowledge that it was indeed Peter, the other people within the house did not believe her. Mary Magdalene was one of the three women at the tomb when Jesus miraculously rose from the dead. Mary Magdalene then proceeded to run back to the disciples and tell them that Jesus had indeed risen from the dead. They, just as the people in the house with Rhoda, denied Mary Magdalene of what she had initially told them. These are two instances, in the bible, where one can see the acts of prophecy displayed by a woman, and a slave in the case of Rhoda. | |||
| Both women are similar in the sense that their voices were taken away by the act of being denied. Both women were well aware of the truth that they were speaking of. Rhoda and Mary Magdalene both have voices begging to be heard in each of their stories but are pushed to the side by the others around them. These women both lived in a patriarchal society where women were seen as inferior. In both situations their voices eventually were shown importance. “The good news for those seeking liberate readings from Acts 12 is that Rhoda’s appearance confirms the importance of the voice of women and slaves” <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=96|edition=9th}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| <ref>{{cite book|title=Holy Bible: New International Version|date=2005|publisher=Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI}}</ref> | |||
| <references /> | <references /> | ||
| <ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Kathy|title=“A feminist Companion to the Acts of the Apostles”|date=2004|publisher=WIpf & Stock|pages=96|edition=9th}}</ref> | |||
| {{New Testament people|state=collapsed}} | {{New Testament people|state=collapsed}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 16:34, 25 April 2018
Rhoda (Gk ˁΡόδη) is an individual mentioned once in the New Testament. She appears only in Acts 12:12–15. Rhoda (whose name means "Rose") was a girl (Template:Lang-gr) living in the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark. Many biblical translations state that she was a 'maid' or 'servant girl'. After Peter was miraculously released from prison, he went to the house and knocked on the door. Rhoda came to answer it, and when she heard Peter's voice she was so overjoyed that she rushed to tell the others, and forgot to open the door for him. She told the group of Christians who were praying that Peter was there. They did not believe her at first, and told her she was "out of her mind". When she kept insisting that it was Peter, they said, "It is his angel." Yet Peter kept on knocking, and eventually they opened the door for him.
Peter had walked out of a prison chained to, and guarded by, Roman soldiers and confined behind secure walls; yet, was unable to get past a gate because a servant girl was too excited to open it for him. Jaroslav Pelikan suggests that it is "difficult not to smile when reading this little anecdote," while F. F. Bruce says that the scene is "full of vivid humour." John Gill surmised that Rhoda recognized Peter's voice because she had "often heard him preach and converse family". However, theologians Donald Fay Robinson and Warren M. Smaltz have suggested that the incident involving Rhoda really represents an idealized account of the death of St. Peter, which may have occurred in a Jerusalem prison in 44 AD.
See also
References
- Joseph Henry Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, RHODA.
- Jaroslav Pelikan, Acts (Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2005), 148.
- F. F. Bruce, Commentary on the Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964), 251.
- Gill, J. Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible, (http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/acts/12.htm) accessed 31 August 2015
- Robinson, D. F., 'Where and When did Peter die?', Journal of Biblical Literature Vol 64 (1945), supported by Smaltz, W. M., Did Peter die in Jerusalem?, Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 71, No. 4 (Dec., 1952), pp. 211-216 accessed 31 August 2015