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| This is a list of ] scientists and scholars from the ] and Spain (]) who lived from ] up until the beginning of the ], consisting primarily of scholars during the ]. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear. | |||
| Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing: | |||
| :* ''Al'' - the | |||
| :* ''ibn'', ''bin'', ''banu'' - son of | |||
| :* ''abu'' - father of, the one with | |||
| To maintain consistency and keep the list easy to navigate, please follow the '']'' on the Talk page when adding names. | |||
| {{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes|num=yes}} | |||
| == A == | |||
| * ] (1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt–1418), writer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (1408–1471), astronomer | |||
| * ] (1162, Baghdad–Iraq–1231), physician, historian and Egyptologist | |||
| * ] 17th century Astronomer. | |||
| * ] (1187–1268 CE), cryptographer and poets. | |||
| * ] ((1192–1262), biographer and historian. | |||
| * ] grammarian and linguist | |||
| * ] (1085–1138), polymath | |||
| * ] (10th century, Baghdad, Iraq), writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars | |||
| * ] theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist. | |||
| * ] (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, Oman – 1500, ?), navigator and poet | |||
| * ] (835, Baghdad – 912, Egypt), ] | |||
| * ] (835, Baghdad – 912, Egypt) (1233–1160) historian and biographer. | |||
| * ] (9th century) | |||
| * ] (1010 AD), surnamed "the oculist", one of Islam's most famous ophthalmologists. | |||
| * ] (c. 988, Giza, Egypt–1061, Egypt), astronomer and geometer with ] | |||
| * ] (1242 - 1296 in Yemen) astronomer and ruler of yemen. | |||
| * ] linguists and grammarian | |||
| * ] (739, Basra, Iraq–831, Basra, Iraq), pioneer of ], ] and ] | |||
| * ] grammarian | |||
| * ] (1106–1175) Islamic scholar and a historian. | |||
| * ] (1946-2016), Nobel laureate in ]. | |||
| * ] (b. 1959) | |||
| * ] (c. 850 – c. 930), mathematician | |||
| * ] (874–936 CE), Shafi'i scholar and theologian | |||
| * ] linguist | |||
| * ] (b. 620), physician | |||
| * ] 12th-century agriculturist and Botanist | |||
| == B == | |||
| * ] (980, Baghdad, Iraq – 1037), arithmetic | |||
| * ] (1162–1231), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler | |||
| * ] (?, Basra, Iraq – 1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer | |||
| * ] (850, Harran, Turkey – 929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (d. 892), historian | |||
| * ] (c. 1014–1094), geographer and historian | |||
| * ] (1547, Baalbek, Lebanon – 1621, Isfahan, Iran) | |||
| * ] (1085 C.E.), botanist and agronomist | |||
| * ] (1038, 1075) Arab Christian physician | |||
| == D == | |||
| * ] (1599) physician and pharmacist. | |||
| * ] (1274 – 1348), muhaddith and historian. | |||
| * ] (837, Basra, Iraq–934, Baghdad, Iraq), ], ], poet, and ] | |||
| * ] (1312–1359/62 CE), cryptologist | |||
| * ] (1170-1230), physician | |||
| * (1256-1327), geographer | |||
| * ] (11th century), explorer | |||
| == G == | |||
| * ] (1928–1993), geographer | |||
| * ] (1548–1610) physician. | |||
| * ], (d. 1165 CE)12th-century oculist | |||
| == H == | |||
| * ] (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (? – 1037, Kairouan, Tunisia), ], best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm'' | |||
| * ] islamic scholar | |||
| * ] Hadith scholar and theologian | |||
| * ](803 A.D - 871 A.D) Egyptian historian. | |||
| * ] 8th century Alchemist. | |||
| * ] (943, Baghdad, Iraq – 969, ?), writer, geographer, and chronicler | |||
| * ] (b. 1935, Cairo, Egypt), professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University | |||
| * ] (died 1295), chemist and engineer | |||
| * ] (786–833), mathematician | |||
| * ] 12th century mathematician | |||
| * ] (893, Yemen – 945, Sanaa, Yemen), geographer, historian and astronomer | |||
| * ] (1122, Baghdad, Iraq – 1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium | |||
| * ] (b. 1991, Mecca, Saudi Arabia), medical scientist, known for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology | |||
| * ] Islamic scholar | |||
| * ] (d. 1174 CE), physician, musician and astrologer | |||
| * ] (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician | |||
| * ] (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician | |||
| * ] (12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor | |||
| * ] Twelver Shia theologian | |||
| * ] (d. 819) historian. | |||
| * ] (d. 835) historian and biographer. | |||
| * ] (809 – 873) arab Christian scholar, physician, and a scientist | |||
| * ] (987–1075), historian. | |||
| == I == | |||
| * ] (d. 777 CE), mathematician and astronomer | |||
| * ] '''اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا''' (The Brethren of Purity) (], Iraq), a group of ] Arabic philosophers of the 10th century | |||
| * ] (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb – 1166 CE, Sicily), ] and ] | |||
| * ] (d. AD 735), earliest known grammarian of the ] | |||
| * ] (965–1040), physicist | |||
| * ] (fl. c. 1213), astronomer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (1165–1240), Islamic scholar and philosopher | |||
| * ] (1100 – 1165), geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist | |||
| * ] (c. 830 – c. 910-1), physician and translator | |||
| * ] theologian | |||
| == J == | |||
| * ] (989, Cordoba, Spain – 1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author | |||
| * ] (1100–1150), Muslim astronomer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry; emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science | |||
| * ], (died after 976), physician and mathematician | |||
| * ] theologian and Alchemist | |||
| * ] (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author | |||
| * ] (776, Basra, Iraq – 869, Basra, Iraq), ], ] and author | |||
| * ] heresiographer, historian,hagiographer and philologis | |||
| * ] grammarian and philologist | |||
| * ] theologian, and spiritual writer. | |||
| * ] (1145, Valencia, Spain – 1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals | |||
| * ] (d. c. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher | |||
| * ] (d. 1198), physician | |||
| * ] (c. 944 – c. 994) physician and pharmacologist. | |||
| * ] (11th century), physician | |||
| == K == | |||
| * ] (died 1195), astronomer. | |||
| * ] (951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet. | |||
| * ] (c. 1300, died 1373) influential Sunni scholar and historian. | |||
| * ] (1320, Damascus, Syria – 1380, Damascus, Syria), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use | |||
| * ] (c. 718, Oman – c. 791), writer and ], compiled the first dictionary of the ], the ''Kitab al-Ayn'' | |||
| * ] (777 A.D–854 A.D) Arab historian. | |||
| * ] (1313–1374) polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician | |||
| * ] islamic scholar and historian | |||
| * ] (c.770 - c.835), astrologer and a student of ]. | |||
| * ] (c. 801, Kufa, Iraq – 873, Bahgdad, Iraq), ], ], ], ] and ] | |||
| * ] (1332, Tunis – 1406, Cairo, Egypt) | |||
| * ] (d. 704) an Umayyad prince and alchemist | |||
| * ] (c.770 – c.835), astrologer | |||
| * ] (fl. 930 CE), physician | |||
| == M == | |||
| * ] (b. 1933) | |||
| * ],16th-century mathematician. | |||
| * ] theologian, and hadith traditionist. | |||
| * ] grammarian | |||
| * ] (c.1236) was a medieval Muslim metallurgist, chemist and sociologist | |||
| * ], 10th-century female astronomer and maker of astrolabes | |||
| * ] (1256 – c. 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer. | |||
| * ] (359–1447 CE) mathematician and astronomer. | |||
| * ] ( 896–956), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, ] and China, spent his last years in ] and ] | |||
| * ] theologian | |||
| * ] (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), Arab Muslim scholar and ] in Spain | |||
| * ] (973 – 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in ]), blind Arab ], poet and writer | |||
| * ] (1364–1442) historian. | |||
| * ], known in ] as '''Alboacen''' (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq), judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics | |||
| * ] lexicographer and linguist | |||
| * ] (born 7 July 1185), Moroccan historian. | |||
| * ] (ca. 910, ? – 1005, China), astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the ] | |||
| * ] (d. 1266) astronomer. | |||
| * ] grammarian and linguis | |||
| * ] (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–), medieval Arab ], author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'') | |||
| * ] (1008–1062), Alchemist | |||
| * ] (c.1220 – c.1283 ), Muslim astronomer and mathematician who worked in Damascus | |||
| * ] (1423 – 1506), astronomer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (1437 – 1513), mathematician | |||
| * ] (died 796 or 806) Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. | |||
| * ] ( 977– 1030), Fatimid historian. | |||
| * ] (11th century), mathematician | |||
| * ] (11th century) Mechanical engineer and inventor | |||
| * ] (1480–1550), geographer | |||
| * ] (1456–1522), qadi and historian. | |||
| == N == | |||
| * ] (1213, Damascus, Syria – 1288, Cairo, Egypt), ] and author, the first to describe ], compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects | |||
| * ] grammarian | |||
| * ] hadith scholar | |||
| * ] grammarian | |||
| * ] (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco – 1204, Seville, Spain), ] and ]; the ] crater on the Moon is named after him | |||
| * ] (1279 – died 1333) historian and encyclopedist. | |||
| == O == | |||
| {{Empty section|date=September 2016}} | |||
| == Q == | |||
| * ] (died 967), astrologer and mathematician. | |||
| * ](died 974 CE) the official historian of the Fatimid caliphs. | |||
| * ] (1083–1149), biographer and historian. | |||
| * ] (1412–1486) mathematician from Al-Andalus specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence. | |||
| * ] islamic scholar | |||
| * ] theologian. | |||
| * ] (c. 1071 – 1160) chronicler and historian. | |||
| * ] (826, Harran, Turkey – 902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator | |||
| * ] (1233–1286), muhaddith and faqih. | |||
| * ] (died 8 November 977) Andalusian historian. | |||
| * ] (1233–1286), physician | |||
| * ] (1203–1283), physician, astronomer, geographer | |||
| == R == | |||
| * ] alchemist and tile maker. | |||
| * ] islamic scholar | |||
| * ] theologian and philosopher | |||
| * ] (9th century), physician | |||
| == S == | |||
| * ] (died in 1035), astronomer | |||
| * ] (1029–1070), astronomer, historian and philosopher. | |||
| * ] 10th century astronomer | |||
| * ] (1917 – 1952) | |||
| * ] (c. 1068 -1134) astronomer, physician and alchemist | |||
| * ] islamic scholar | |||
| * ] (1428 - 1497) hadith scholar and historian. | |||
| * ] (1304, Damascus – 1375, Syria, Damascus), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the ] in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model | |||
| * ] (784 CE-845 CE) scholar and Arabian biographer. | |||
| * ] (1445–1505 AD) islamic scholar and historian. | |||
| * ] Twelver Shia theologian | |||
| * ] father of Muslim international law | |||
| * ] lexicographer and collector of Arabic poetry | |||
| * ] grammarian and lexicographer | |||
| * ] (died 1283 CE) astronomer, astrologer and mathematician | |||
| * ] (1177–1241), physician and botanist | |||
| == T == | |||
| * ] (?, Suhar, Oman – 1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), ] and author of an encyclopedia of medicine | |||
| * ] Islamic Scholar | |||
| * ] (1105, Granada, Spain – 1185, Marrakech, Morocco), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official | |||
| * ], 10th-century physician from ] | |||
| * ] 10th-century alchemist and mystic | |||
| * ] (7th century), physician | |||
| * ] (1526–1585) physician, mathematician, clockmaker and astronomer | |||
| * ] (1073–1118) Agronomist, Botanist and Biologist, | |||
| == U == | |||
| * ] (920, Damascus, Syria – 980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals | |||
| * ] (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat | |||
| * ] (1203–1270, ], Syria), ] and ], wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'') | |||
| * ] (1400, Spain – 1489, Damascus, Syria), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic | |||
| * ] (7th century), physician | |||
| == W == | |||
| * ] (Yemen, ? – Syria, Damscus, 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems | |||
| * ] ( 997– 1074), pharmacologist and physician | |||
| * ] (1292-1342), historian | |||
| * ] theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought. | |||
| == Y == | |||
| * ] (b, 1965, Amman, Jordan), ] professor at the University of California, Berkeley | |||
| * ] (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer | |||
| * ] (1179–1229), biographer and geographer | |||
| * ] (d. 897-898), geographer | |||
| * ] islamic scholar | |||
| == Z == | |||
| * ] (936, Cordoba, Spain – 1013, Cordoba, Spain), Islam's greatest medieval ], wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the ], considered the "father of ]", wrote '']'', a thirty-volume collection of ] | |||
| * ] (1028, Spain – 1087, ? CE), ], influential ], and instrument maker, contributed to the famous ] | |||
| * ] islamic scholar and inventor | |||
| * ] (1091, Seville, Spain – 1161, Seville, Spain), prominent ] of the Medieval Islamic period | |||
| * ] (d. 897/8), geographer | |||
| == Notes == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Arab Scientists And Scholars}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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