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| The '''Hispaniola monkey''' (''Antillothrix bernensis'') is an extinct ] found on the island of ]. The species is thought to have gone extinct around the 16th century. The exact timing and cause of the extinction are unclear, but it is likely related to the settlement of Hispaniola by the Europeans in 1492 after discovery by ]. | The '''Hispaniola monkey''' (''Antillothrix bernensis'') is an extinct ] found on the island of ]. The species is thought to have gone extinct around the 16th century. The exact timing and cause of the extinction are unclear, but it is likely related to the settlement of Hispaniola by the Europeans in 1492 after discovery by ]. | ||
| At first, the Hispaniola monkey was thought to be a close relative of the ]s, but later investigation showed that the similarities were due to ]. | At first, the Hispaniola monkey was thought to be a close relative of the ]s, but later investigation showed that the similarities were due to ]. | ||
| Horovitz and MacPhee<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Horovitz, I. |author2=MacPhee, R.D.E.|year=1999|title=The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine ''Paralouatta varonai'' and the origin of the Antillean monkeys|journal=]|volume=36|pages=33–68|doi=10.1006/jhev.1998.0259|pmid=9924133}}</ref> developed the ], first proposed by MacPhee et al.,<ref>{{cite journal|author=MacPhee, R.D.E.|year=1995|title=A New Genus for the Extinct Hispaniolan Monkey ''Saimiri bernensis'' Rímoli, 1977, with Notes on Its Systematic Position |publisher=American Museum Novitates|volume=3134|page=21|display-authors=etal}}</ref> that all the ] monkeys (the others being the two ] species of genus ''Paralouatta'', the ] (''Xenothrix mcgregori'', and the Haitian monkey, '']'') belonged to a ] group linked most closely with the modern genus '']''. They later assigned the Antillean monkeys to the tribe ]<ref name="MacPhee2004">{{Cite journal| last=MacPhee|first=R. D. E.|author2=Horovitz, I.|title=New craniodental remains of the quaternary Jamaican monkey ''Xenothrix mcgregori'' (Xenotrichini, Callicebinae, Pitheciidae), with a reconsideration of the ''Aotus'' hypothesis|journal=]|volume=3434|pages=1–51|publisher=]| location=New York|date=May 14, 2004|doi=10.1206/0003-0082(2004)434<0001:NCROTQ>2.0.CO;2}}<!--| accessdate=December 1, 2009--></ref> – the ] of the tribe ] with extensive anatomical comparisons and by extending their ] analysis using PAUP*.<ref>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods) Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA</ref> They maintained that the monophyly of the Antillean monkeys was still supported in the most parsimonious trees, but in slightly less parsimonious trees, ''Aotus'' appeared to be linked with ''Xenothrix''. | Horovitz and MacPhee<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Horovitz, I. |author2=MacPhee, R.D.E.|year=1999|title=The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine ''Paralouatta varonai'' and the origin of the Antillean monkeys|journal=]|volume=36|pages=33–68|doi=10.1006/jhev.1998.0259|pmid=9924133}}</ref> developed the ], first proposed by MacPhee et al.,<ref>{{cite journal|author=MacPhee, R.D.E.|year=1995|title=A New Genus for the Extinct Hispaniolan Monkey ''Saimiri bernensis'' Rímoli, 1977, with Notes on Its Systematic Position |publisher=American Museum Novitates|volume=3134|page=21|display-authors=etal}}</ref> that all the ] monkeys (the others being the two ] species of genus ''Paralouatta'', the ] (''Xenothrix mcgregori'', and the Haitian monkey, '']'') belonged to a ] group linked most closely with the modern genus '']''. They later assigned the Antillean monkeys to the tribe ]<ref name="MacPhee2004">{{Cite journal| last=MacPhee|first=R. D. E.|author2=Horovitz, I.|title=New craniodental remains of the quaternary Jamaican monkey ''Xenothrix mcgregori'' (Xenotrichini, Callicebinae, Pitheciidae), with a reconsideration of the ''Aotus'' hypothesis|journal=]|volume=3434|pages=1–51|publisher=]| location=New York|date=May 14, 2004|doi=10.1206/0003-0082(2004)434<0001:NCROTQ>2.0.CO;2}}<!--| accessdate=December 1, 2009--></ref> – the ] of the tribe ] with extensive anatomical comparisons and by extending their ] analysis using PAUP*.<ref>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods) Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA</ref> They maintained that the monophyly of the Antillean monkeys was still supported in the most parsimonious trees, but in slightly less parsimonious trees, ''Aotus'' appeared to be linked with ''Xenothrix''. | ||
Revision as of 23:10, 6 December 2018
| Hispaniola monkey Temporal range: Quaternary | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Genus: | †Antillothrix MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995 |
| Species: | †A. bernensis |
| Binomial name | |
| †Antillothrix bernensis Rímoli, 1977 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Hispaniola monkey (Antillothrix bernensis) is an extinct primate found on the island of Hispaniola. The species is thought to have gone extinct around the 16th century. The exact timing and cause of the extinction are unclear, but it is likely related to the settlement of Hispaniola by the Europeans in 1492 after discovery by Christopher Columbus.
At first, the Hispaniola monkey was thought to be a close relative of the capuchin monkeys, but later investigation showed that the similarities were due to Convergent evolution.
Horovitz and MacPhee developed the hypothesis, first proposed by MacPhee et al., that all the Antillean monkeys (the others being the two Cuban monkey species of genus Paralouatta, the Jamaican monkey (Xenothrix mcgregori, and the Haitian monkey, Insulacebus toussaintiana) belonged to a monophyletic group linked most closely with the modern genus Callicebus. They later assigned the Antillean monkeys to the tribe Xenotrichini – the sister group of the tribe Callicebini with extensive anatomical comparisons and by extending their parsimony analysis using PAUP*. They maintained that the monophyly of the Antillean monkeys was still supported in the most parsimonious trees, but in slightly less parsimonious trees, Aotus appeared to be linked with Xenothrix.
In July 2009, Walter Pickel found a Antillothrix bernensis skull while diving in underwater caves. The skull, long bones and ribs were recovered by Walter Pickel and Curt Bowen in October 2009 under the supervision of the Dominican Republic and Alfred L. Rosenberger from Brooklyn College. The discovery supported the MacPhee et al. hypothesis of a monophyletic origin of the Antilles monkeys.
References
- Horovitz, I.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (1999). "The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine Paralouatta varonai and the origin of the Antillean monkeys". Journal of Human Evolution. 36: 33–68. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0259. PMID 9924133.
- MacPhee, R.D.E.; et al. (1995). "A New Genus for the Extinct Hispaniolan Monkey Saimiri bernensis Rímoli, 1977, with Notes on Its Systematic Position". 3134. American Museum Novitates: 21.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - MacPhee, R. D. E.; Horovitz, I. (May 14, 2004). "New craniodental remains of the quaternary Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori (Xenotrichini, Callicebinae, Pitheciidae), with a reconsideration of the Aotus hypothesis". American Museum Novitates. 3434. New York: American Museum of Natural History: 1–51. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)434<0001:NCROTQ>2.0.CO;2.
- Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods) Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
- Rosenberger, A. L.; Cooke, S. B.; Rimoli, R.; Ni, X.; Cardoso, L. (2010). "First skull of Antillothrix bernensis, an extinct relict monkey from the Dominican Republic". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1702): 67–74. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1249. PMC 2992729. PMID 20659936.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Antillothrix bernensis | |