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This article is about the actor. For the basketball player, see Mel Gibson (basketball).
Mel Gibson
Mel Gibson in 1990. Photo by Alan Light.
Occupation(s)Actor, Director, Producer
SpouseRobyn Moore
ChildrenSeven

Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3 1956) is an Academy Award-winning American-born, Australian-raised actor, director, and producer. After establishing himself as a household name with the Mad Max and Lethal Weapon series, Gibson went on to direct and star in the Academy Award-winning Braveheart. Gibson's direction of Braveheart made him only the sixth actor-turned-filmmaker to garner an Oscar for Best Director. In 2004, he directed and produced The Passion of the Christ, a blockbuster movie that portrayed the last hours of the life of Jesus.

Early life

Gibson is is the son of Hutton Gibson and Anne Reilly Gibson. His paternal grandmother was a prominent Australian opera singer, Eva Mylott. He was born in Peekskill, New York, the sixth of eleven children. One of Mel's younger brothers, Donal, is also an actor.

Gibson's first name comes from a 5th century Irish saint, Mel, founder of the diocese of Ardagh containing most of his mother's native county, while his second name, Columcille is also linked to an Irish saint. Columcille is the name of the parish in County Longford where Anne Reilly was born and raised.

Although Gibson always maintained his United States citizenship, Gibson's father relocated the family to Australia in 1968, after his father won a work related injury lawsuit against New York Central after a seven day trial on February 14, 1968 where the jury awarded him $145,000. The family moved when Gibson was twelve. This move was in protest of the Vietnam War for which Gibson's elder brothers risked being drafted. It is also because Gibson's father believed that changes in American society were immoral.

Film career

Gibson graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney in 1977. His acting career began in Australia with appearances in television series, including The Sullivans, Cop Shop and Punishment. Gibson's handsome boyish good looks made him a natural for leading male roles in action projects such as the "Mad Max" series of films, Peter Weir's Gallipoli, and the "Lethal Weapon" series of films. Later, Gibson expanded into a variety of acting projects including human dramas such as Hamlet, and comedic roles such as those in Maverick and What Women Want. His greatest artistic and financial success came with films where he expanded beyond acting into directing and producing, such as 1993's The Man Without a Face, 1995's Braveheart and 2004's Passion of the Christ.

Mad Max

Main article: Mad Max

Gibson made his film debut as the leather-clad post-apocalyptic survivor in George Miller's Mad Max. The film was totally independently financed and had a reported budget of $300,000 AUD — of which $15,000 was paid to Mel Gibson for his performance. The film achieved incredible success, and went on to earn $100 million world wide. It held a record in Guinness Book of Records as the highest profit-to-cost ratio of a motion picture, and only losing the record in 2000 to The Blair Witch Project. The film was awarded four Australian Film Institute Awards in 1979.

When the film was first released in America, all the voices, including that of Mel Gibson's character, were dubbed with U.S. accents at the behest of the distributor, American International Pictures, for fear that audiences would not take warmly to actors speaking entirely with Australian accents.

The original film spawned two larger sequels: Mad Max 2 (known in North America as The Road Warrior), and Mad Max 3 (known in North America as Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome). A fourth movie, Mad Max 4: Fury Road, has been considered but has not been produced.

The Bounty

In 1984, starred as Fletcher Christian in The Bounty. Reportedly, Gibson and Anthony Hopkins, his costar on the film, did not get along during the shoot. At the time, Anthony Hopkins was a teetotaler, and Mel Gibson was struggling with alcoholism. Gibson frequently spent his evenings in local saloons and took to mixing two shots of Scotch with his beer. He dubbed the concoction "Liquid Violence". In one incident, Gibson's face was severely cut up in a bar room brawl and the film's shooting schedule had to be rearranged while he was flown to a hospital in Papeete.

Lethal Weapon

Main article: Lethal Weapon

Gibson moved into more mainstream commercial filmmaking with the popular Lethal Weapon series, in which he starred as LAPD Detective Martin Riggs, an emotionally unstable Vietnam veteran with a death wish and a penchant for violence and gunplay. In the films, he was partnered with the elder and more reserved Roger Murtaugh (played by Danny Glover). This series would come to exemplify the action genre's so-called buddy film.

The two actors were trained in two different schools of acting. Gibson is classically trained and Glover is a method actor. Three sequels were produced.

Hamlet

Main article: Hamlet

Gibson made the unusual transition from the action to classical genres, playing the melancholy Danish prince in Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet. Gibson was cast alongside such experienced Shakespearean actors as Ian Holm, Alan Bates, and Paul Scofield. He described working with his fellow cast members as similar to being "thrown into the ring with Mike Tyson".

The film met with critical and marketing success and remains steady in DVD sales. It also marked the transformation of Mel Gibson from action hero to serious actor and filmmaker.

Braveheart

Main article: Braveheart

Gibson stated that when the Braveheart script arrived and was recommended by his agents, he rejected it outright because he thought he was too old to play the part. After careful thought, he decided to not only act in the film, but to direct it as well.

Gibson received two Academy Awards, Best Director and Best Picture, for his 1995 direction of Braveheart. In the movie, Gibson starred as Sir William Wallace, a thirteenth-century Scottish freedom fighter.

He said in interviews that he was attempting to make a film similar to the epics he had loved as a child, such as Stanley Kubrick's Spartacus and The Big Country. The filming began in the Scottish Highlands. After learning that the intended filming locations were among the rainiest spots in Europe, the shooting was moved to Ireland, where members of the Irish Army Reserve worked as extras in the battle scenes.

The Passion of the Christ

Main article: The Passion of the Christ

Gibson co-wrote, produced and directed the The Passion of the Christ. The 2004 film was based on the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus according to some of the Christian gospels, rendered multilingually in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Latin.

Reviews were mixed, with critics ranging from praising the film for its realistic depiction of Jesus' final hours from a Catholic point of view and criticism of violence, manipulation and charges of anti-Semitism.

Asked if his movie would "upset Jews", Gibson responded, "It's not meant to. I think it's meant to just tell the truth. I want to be as truthful as possible." Accusations of anti-Semitism were fueled by revelations that Mel Gibson's father Hutton Gibson is a vocal Holocaust denier who believes much of the Holocaust is "fiction".

On his decision to cut the scene in which Caiaphas says "his blood be on us and on our children" soon after Pontius Pilate washes his hands of Jesus, Gibson said:

I wanted it in. My brother said I was wimping out if I didn't include it. But, man, if I included that in there, they'd be coming after me at my house. They'd come to kill me.

The movie grossed US$611,899,420 worldwide and $370,782,930 in the US alone. It became the eighth highest-grossing film in history and the highest-grossing rated R film of all time. The ticket sales were boosted by the film attracting viewers who generally do not attend theaters, including entire church congregations. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Original Music Score, Best Cinematography, and Best Makeup at the 77th Academy Awards and won the People's Choice Award for Best Drama.

Apocalypto

Main article: Apocalypto

Gibson's next historical epic, Apocalypto, will be released to theaters in December 2006. The film is set in Mesoamerica, about 500 years before the Spanish conquest. It focuses on the decline of the Maya civilization which reached its zenith around 600 AD. Dialogue is spoken in the Yucatec Maya language, in the same way Gibson used Aramaic and Latin for his The Passion of the Christ. It will feature a cast of unknown actors from Mexico City, the Yucatán, and some Native Americans from the United States.

While Gibson financed the film himself, Disney will release it in specific markets.

All that has been revealed about the plot is that the film is set against the turbulent end times of the once great Mayan civilization. When a Mayan man's idyllic existence is brutally disrupted by a violent invading force, he is taken on a perilous journey. Through a twist of fate and spurred by the power of his love for his woman and his family he will make a desperate break to return home and to ultimately save his way of life.

The title is a Greek term which means "an unveiling" or "new beginning", but the movie is not religiously themed or connected to the biblical Apocalypse.

Disney insists that Apocalypto will be released as scheduled. Gibson recently pre-screened Apocalypto to two predominantly Native American audiences in Oklahoma, at the Riverwind Casino in Goldsby, owned by the Chickasaw Nation, and at Cameron University in Lawton.

Family

On June 7 1980, Gibson married Robyn Moore, a nurse whom he met through a dating service, in a Catholic Church in Forestville, New South Wales. He has referred to his wife as "my Rock of Gibraltar, only much prettier." They have seven children, one daughter and six sons: Hannah (born 1980), twins Edward and Christian (born 1982), Willie (born 1985), Louis (born 1988), Milo (born 1990), and Tommy (born 1999).

Gibson is Roman Catholic and his wife is Anglican. He holds to the Catholic doctrine of "Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus", and when asked how this doctrine would affect his wife, he said: "There is no salvation for those outside the Church; I believe it. My wife is a saint. She's a much better person than I am. Honestly. ... She prays, she believes in God, she knows Jesus, she believes in that stuff. And it's just not fair if she doesn't make it; she's better than I am. But that is a pronouncement from the chair. I go with it.”

Hannah Gibson, Mel's eldest child and only daughter, married the musician Kenny Wayne Shepherd on September 16th, 2006. {Fact} She had previously considered becoming a Catholic nun or religious sister. {fact}

Philanthropy

Although the Gibsons have avoided publicity over their philanthropy, they are believed to spend much money on various charities.

One known charity is Healing the Children. According to Cris Embleton, one of the founders, the Gibsons have given millions to provide lifesaving medical help to needy children worldwide.

While filming the movie Apocalypto in the jungles of Mexico's Veracruz state, Mel Gibson donated money to build houses for poor people in the region after some severe flooding wiped out many homes, stating: "hey had a lot of floods down there. It was like Louisiana down there in the southern regions. They had severe flooding and something like a million people were displaced and washed out. I've always been of the opinion that if you go into someone else's country to make a film you don't just go in there and stomp all over the place. You bring a gift. It's like going to somebody's house. You bring them a bottle of wine or a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates and it's the same sort of thing on a big scale when you're going in to somebody's country and they are going to help you make your film. You help them first somehow or you give them a gift or you help in what way you can. So we sort of assisted with the flood relief stuff down there.

Personal and political views

Religion

Many of Gibson's positions are in accordance with traditionalist Catholicism, he can be considered a traditionalist Roman Catholic. In 2004, he publicly condemned taxpayer-funded embryonic stem-cell research that involves the cloning and destruction of human embryos. In March 2005, he issued a statement condemning the ending of Terri Schiavo's life, referring to her death as "state-sanctioned murder" on Sean Hannity's radio show. He is a proponent of the death penalty, which the traditional doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church allows for under specific circumstances, but which post-Vatican II Popes have said is rarely justifiable in modern society.

Gibson has expressed the belief that God is pointing out his path, particularly with respect to the making of The Passion of the Christ. In 2003 he told The New Yorker "There are signals. Signal graces, they are called. It's as clear as a traffic light. Bing! I mean, it just grabs you and you know you have to listen to that and you have to follow it." At a screening of the film for clergy, he stated that the Holy Spirit was making the film through him, "I was just directing traffic".

Politics

While having never identified himself as being a conservative Republican, Gibson has been referred to as one in The Washington Times, and WorldNetDaily once reported that there was grassroots support among Republicans for "a presidential run"..

Gibson praised liberal director Michael Moore and his documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11. Gibson's Icon Productions originally agreed to back Moore's film, but abruptly sold the rights to Miramax Films. Moore has claimed that "top Republicans" intimidated Mel Gibson into relinquishing the film.

In a July 1995 interview with Playboy magazine, Gibson said President Bill Clinton was a "low-level opportunist" because someone was "telling him what to do". He said he thought Clinton and other politicians who had won Rhodes Scholarships were part of a "stealth" trend of Rhodes scholars becoming politicians who were striving for a "new world order." He said this was a form of Marxism.

In 2006 Gibson told a UK film magazine that the "fearmongering" depicted in his film Apocalypto "reminds me a little of President Bush and his guys." He has criticized the Iraq War in interviews.

His critics

Gibson has expressed strong opinions of his critics. In an interview with Playboy, he said of the author of an unauthorized biography, "I don't think God will put him in my path. He deserves death." After Frank Rich of the New York Times wrote that Gibson's Passion of the Christ would inflame anti-Semitism, Gibson told The New Yorker, "I want to kill him. I want his intestines on a stick. I want to kill his dog."

Controversy

Accusations of homophobia

Some gay rights groups accused Gibson of homophobia, after a 1992 interview in the Spanish newspaper El País. Asked what he thought of gay people, he said, "They take it up the ass." Gibson gestured descriptively, continuing, "This is only for taking a shit." When the interviewer recalled that Gibson previously had expressed fear that people would think he is gay because he's an actor, Gibson replied, "Do I sound like a homosexual? Do I talk like them? Do I move like them? I think not." However, when reminded that he had worked closely with gay students at university, he said they were "kind people." Additionally, he later defended his comments on Good Morning America, saying, " to a direct question. If someone wants my opinion, I'll give it. What, am I supposed to lie to them?" In the Playboy interview, he responded to GLAAD's protests over his comment with "I'll apologize when hell freezes over. They can fuck off". Eventually, however, to make amends with the gay community and show he was not homophobic, Gibson joined GLAAD in hosting 10 lesbian and gay filmmakers for an on-location seminar on the set of the movie Conspiracy Theory.

Although Gibson did not write the screenplay for Braveheart, the depiction of a homosexual character in the film drew accusations of homophobia. Although historians agree that Prince (later King) Edward II of England was a mere puppet of Thomas of Lancaster, they dispute the portrayal of Edward as effeminate. Edward's father, also, never threw his lover out of a window as portrayed in the movie.

Gibson was accused of homophobia once more in his movies with his portrayal of Herod Antipas in The Passion of the Christ. Antipas is portrayed as an effeminate homosexual wearing makeup and having 'boy-toys'. The character was a similar portrayal of the same character in the film Jesus Christ Superstar. Although this was a common caricature of Herod in medieval Passion plays, it is contrary to the historical record regarding Antipas. It is of note that the Greek text has Christ describing Herod as a "vixen", or female fox, rather than "fox" in the Gospel.

Accusations of anglophobia

Gibson was accused of anglophobia by English audiences and press based on his direction of Braveheart and the liberties taken with historical content in the film. In addition, Gibson was further criticized for The Patriot.

Although he did not write the screenplay, in his film Braveheart Prince Edward of Carnarvon (later King Edward II of England) was depicted as an effete homosexual who was not the true father of his son, the future Edward III of England. The film also made use of the concept of Droit de seigneur although this is historically inaccurate. Gibson has stated that it was more cinematically compelling to falsely include the Droit de seigneur because it portrayed Edward Longshanks, the King of England played by Patrick McGoohan as a sinister tyrant.

Gibson was further accused of anglophobia following the release of The Patriot in 2000, despite neither directing or writing the script for the film. The movie depicted the British in an extremely negative light and took many liberties in its depiction of the American character played by Gibson.

According to Wensley Clarkson's unauthorized biography, Gibson's Irish-American family has always been openly anti-British. Clarkson further cites family friends and relatives who allegedly told him that Gibson's maternal grandmother was raped by the Black and Tans during the Irish War of Independence.

Accusations of anti-Semitism

Gibson has been accused of anti-Semitism on at least two occasions.

In 2004, his film The Passion of the Christ was criticized for alleged anti-Semitic imagery and overtones. Gibson strongly denies that the film is anti-Semitic, but critics remain divided. Many agree that the film is consistent with a strict interpretation of the Gospels and traditional Catholic teachings, while others argue that it reflects a selective reading of the Gospels , incorporates disputed anti-Semitic elements not found in the Gospels (e.g. the writings of beatified stigmatic Anne Catherine Emmerich), and fails to comply with recommendations for dramatization of The Passion issued by either the Vatican or the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

On July 28, 2006, Gibson was arrested in California for speeding and on suspicion of drunk driving (see: Mel Gibson DUI incident). According to a leaked police report, he was abusive to the arresting officers and remarked "Fucking Jews… Jews are responsible for all the wars in the world." and asked one of them, “Are you a Jew?” He later issued, through his publicist, two apologies for the incident. In his second statement, he specifically denied being an anti-Semite and apologized to the Jewish community. Anti-Defamation League National Director Abraham Foxman issued a statement accepting Gibson's apology and expressing a willingness to help in Gibson's rehabilitation.

Prankster

Gibson has a reputation for being a prankster on the set of his movies, and many of his leading ladies have often accused him of acting juvenile on the set. Helena Bonham Carter, who appeared alongside him in Hamlet, said of him: "He has a very basic sense of humor. It's a bit lavatorial and not very sophisticated." While filming Conspiracy Theory, he played several pranks on co-star Julia Roberts, one of which included gift wrapping a dead rat. He also disgusted co-star Jodie Foster by licking the dirt off a wagon wheel on the set of Maverick. On the set of Braveheart, he spread the false rumor that co-star Sophie Marceau was the granddaughter of famous French mime Marcel Marceau. He also directed several scenes while impersonating Elmer Fudd, including the funeral scene of Murron Wallace, causing everyone to break down laughing. Before the filming of What Women Want, co-star Helen Hunt pleaded with Gibson to be spared of his pranks. Reportedly, there was no incident.

Drug and alcohol abuse

According to Gibson biographer Wensley Clarkson, Gibson's alcoholism dates to his teenage years. Clarkson also states that Gibson's repeated attempts to stop drinking have led to relapses whenever his stress level increased. A feature article on Gibson published on the DailyCatholic website March 17 2004, described as having been written four years previously and before The Passion of The Christ, states, "He has made it known that from an early age he suffered from being manic depressive, but through his strong faith and appropriate medicines he has been able to overcome these shortcomings to attain the heights of stardom." This disorder is often linked with alcohol abuse and/or self-destructive behavior.

Mugshot taken after arrest on DUI charges

In 1984, Gibson was arrested for drunk driving after he rear-ended a car in Toronto. According to Clarkson, when the other driver exited his vehicle and began shouting profanity at him, Mel Gibson laughed and offered him a drink. He was fined $400 and banned from driving in Canada for 3 months.

In a 2004 Primetime interview with Diane Sawyer, Gibson admitted to drug and alcohol abuse. He also said that his addictions have led him to contemplate suicide.

On July 28, 2006, Gibson was arrested on suspicion of drunken driving, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department said. According to the Sheriff's statement, Gibson was detained while driving along the Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu at 2:36 am, and spouted expletives, sexist, and anti-Semitic comments. He was later released on his own recognizance. He has since sent an apology alongside tickets to the Apocalypto premiere to the two Deputies who arrested him and a large bouquet of flowers to the female Deputy whom he lewdly insulted at the station.

On August 17, 2006, he pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor drunken-driving charge and was sentenced to three years on probation. He could have been sentenced to as long as six months in jail. He admitted making anti-Semitic remarks during his arrest and apologized, saying the comments were "blurted out in a moment of insanity."

He announced he was entering a recovery program to battle alcoholism, and he asked to meet with Jewish leaders to help him "discern the appropriate path for healing." Gibson did not appear in court, the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office said.

Superior Court Judge Lawrence Mira ordered Gibson to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings five times a week for four and a half months and three times a week for the remainder of the first year of his probation. He was fined $1,300 and his license was restricted for 90 days. He also volunteered to record a public service announcement on the dangers of driving drunk and volunteered to immediately enter into a rehabilitation program.

Further information: Mel Gibson DUI incident

Quotations

  • On the Holocaust: "The thing with him was that he was talking about numbers. I mean when the war was over they said it was 12 million. Then it was six. Now it's four. I mean it's that kind of numbers game." Readers Digest 2004
  • "Hollywood is a factory. You have to realize that you are working in a factory and you're part of the mechanism. If you break down, you'll be replaced." On the nature of "the industry." Excerpted from Wensley Clarkson's "Mel Gibson; Living Dangerously," page 202.

Trivia

  • Gibson was born with a physical anomaly called "horseshoe kidney". His two kidneys are fused at the base into a U-shape. This fusion anomaly occurs in about one of every 400 people.
  • In December 2004, Gibson purchased Mago Island from Tokyu Corporation of Japan for $15 million. Descendants of the original native inhabitants of Mago (who were displaced in the 1860s) have protested the purchase.
  • Prior to making The Passion of the Christ, Gibson constructed a traditionalist Catholic chapel on his California estate.
  • Gibson almost did not get the role that made him a star. His agent got him an audition for Mad Max, but the night before, he got into a drunken brawl with three other men at a party, resulting in a swollen nose, a broken jawline, and various other bruises. Mel showed up at the audition the next day looking like a "black and blue pumpkin" (his own words). Mel did not expect to get the role and only went to accompany his friend. However, the casting agent told Mel to come back in two weeks, telling him "we need freaks." When Mel did come back, he was not recognized because his wounds had healed almost completely, and received the part. This incident is listed in Ripley's Believe It or Not!
  • Gibson was considered for roles in Batman, GoldenEye, Amadeus, Gladiator, The Golden Child, X-Men, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Runaway Bride and Primary Colors.
  • The first person awarded People magazine's "Sexiest Man Alive".
  • Actor Sean Connery once suggested Gibson should play the next James Bond to Connery's M. Gibson turned down the role, reportedly because he feared being typecast.
  • Gibson is an admirer of the Baroque works of Caravaggio. Much of the cinematography of The Passion of the Christ was done to evoke the painter's style.
  • Gibson's height is disputed. Varied sources place him from 5'6" (170cm) to 5'11" (180cm).
  • On July 25 1997, Mel Gibson was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia, which was country's highest honor for "recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service". He was awarded this as a result of his "service to the Australian film industry".
  • Gibson has multiple homes in Malibu, CA, an estate in Greenwich, Connecticut, a private island off the coast of Fiji and a ranch in Australia.
  • Hole rocker Courtney Love praised Mel Gibson for saving her from a life of drugs after the Hollywood actor forced her into rehabilitation. Gibson sought to help the wild lady of rock at her home in Los Angeles when he realised she was hanging out with the wrong people. Love says, "I kept slamming the door in (Gibson's) face. There were two drug people with me who wouldn't leave, so they couldn't get me to rehab. But because of Mel, two drug people ran off to have a cheeseburger with him because he's Mel, and then Warren (her drug minder) could get me into rehab."

Filmography

As actor

As director

Awards and accomplishments

  • Best Actor in a Lead Role, Tim (1979)
  • Australian Film Institute: Best Actor in a Lead Role, Gallipoli (1981)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Actor (1991)
  • MTV Movie Awards: Best Action Sequence, Lethal Weapon 3 (1993)
  • MTV Movie Awards: Best On-Screen Duo, Lethal Weapon 3 (1993) - shared with Danny Glover
  • ShoWest Award: Male Star of the Year (1993)
  • National Board of Review: Special Achievement in Filmmaking, Braveheart (1995)
  • American Cinematheque Gala Tribute: American Cinematheque Award (1995)
  • ShoWest Award: Director of the Year (1996)
  • Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards: Best Director, Braveheart (1996)
  • Golden Globe Awards: Best Director, Braveheart (1996)
  • Academy Awards: Best Director, Braveheart (1996)
  • Academy Awards: Best Picture, Braveheart (1996)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Actor (1997)
  • Hasty Pudding Theatricals: Man of the Year (1997)
  • Blockbuster Entertainment Awards: Favorite Actor - Suspense, Ransom (1997)
  • Blockbuster Entertainment Awards: Favorite Actor - Suspense, Conspiracy Theory (1998)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Star in a Drama (2001)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Actor (2001)
  • Blockbuster Entertainment Awards: Favorite Actor - Drama, The Patriot (2001)
  • Australian Film Institute: Global Achievement Award (2002)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Actor (2003)
  • People's Choice Awards: Favorite Motion Picture Actor (2004)
  • Named as the world's most powerful celebrity by US business magazine Forbes (2004)
Preceded byRobert Zemeckis
for Forrest Gump 		Academy Award for Best Director
1995
for Braveheart 		Succeeded byAnthony Minghella
for The English Patient

Notes

  1. 1995 Academy Awards
  2. Michael Dwyer, The Irish Times film critic, interviewed on RTÉ Radio 1's This week programme, 6 August 2006.
  3. Mel Gibson: Living Dangerously, Wensley Clarkson, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York, 1993, page 30.
  4. Ebert, Roger (2004-02-2). "Movie Reviews: The Passion of the Christ". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2006-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. Scott, A. O. (2004-02-25). "FILM REVIEW; Good and Evil Locked In Violent Showdown". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-05.
  6. The Passion of Mel Gibson
  7. Giambalvo, Corrado (February 20 2004). "Gibson's father: Holocaust was mostly 'fiction'". USA Today. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. The Jesus War: Mel Gibson’s obsession.
  9. The Jesus War
  10. Mel's 'Passion'-ate defense gives offense
  11. A passionate Mel Gibson strikes back against critics
  12. Churches rent out entire theaters for 'Passion'
  13. "Gibson takes 'Apocalypto' to Oklahoma". Associated Press. 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2006-09-24.
  14. Mel Gibson says his wife could be going to hell
  15. Power behind the passion
  16. Actor and Director Mel Gibson Donates $10 Million
  17. Mel's $14m donation
  18. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=17262
  19. It's Modern Crucifixion
  20. Respect For Human Life
  21. ^ Gibson's way with words; USA Today August 1, 2006; accessed August 3. 2006.
  22. Mel Gibson Pushed for President
  23. Moore, Gibson: I Love His Work
  24. Not so hot: Fahrenheit 9/11 is more smoke than fire
  25. ^ Grobel, Lawrence, "Interview: Mel Gibson". Playboy. July 1995. Vol. 42, No. 7, Pg. 51. Retrieved May 17 2006. Cite error: The named reference "pb" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  26. Wright, Tony. "Dream candidate" Ninemsn's The Bulletin. October 15, 2003. Retrieved May 17, 2006.
  27. Gibson Inspired by 'Fear Mongering' Bush
  28. Mel Gibson Anti-gay History
  29. GLAAD meets with Mel Gibson
  30. Mel Gibson to Meet Up-and-Coming Lesbian and Gay Filmmakers
  31. Kill or be kilted
  32. Gays Should Beware of Men in Kilts
  33. The Passion of the Christ
  34. The Passion of the Christ
  35. Mel Gibson: Proud or prejudiced?
  36. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5245970.stm
  37. Mel Gibson; Living Dangerously, Page 8, by Wensley Clarkson
  38. Some criticism of The Passion
  39. Response by a member of the above Reference
  40. Vatican's position on Emmerich
  41. USCCB stance on The Passion dramatizations
  42. Gibson's Anti-Semitic Tirade - Alleged Cover Up; TMZ.com; July 28, 2006
  43. Gibson's statement about anti-Semitic remarks
  44. "ADL Welcomes Mel Gibson's Apology To The Jewish Community". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved August 2. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  45. Mel Gibson: Clowning Around; Anecdotage.com Accessed August 3 2006
  46. Wensley Clarkson's "Mel Gibson: Living Dangerously," page 287
  47. Wensley Clarkson's "Mel Gibson; Living Dangerously," page 334.
  48. http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/04Mar/mar17fcs.htm
  49. Matt Zoller Seitz. "Mel Gibson talks about Braveheart, movie stardom, and media treachery". Dallas Observer. Retrieved 2006-07-29.
  50. ""Transcript of February 2004 Primetime"". Retrieved 2006-07-31.
  51. http://www.nndb.com/people/583/000022517/
  52. Mel Gibson buys personal Pacific island
  53. Mary Packard and the editors of Ripley Entertainment, ed. (2001). Ripley's Believe It or Not! Special Edition. Leanne Franson (illustrations) (1st ed. ed.). Scholastic Inc. ISBN 0-439-26040-X. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |editor= has generic name (help)
  54. http://www.notstarring.com/actors/gibson-mel
  55. Mel Gibson: Living Dangerously, pages 170-171, by Wensley Clarkson
  56. vbuttons.com
  57. artcyclopedia.com
  58. Gibsons Height 1
  59. Gibsons Height 2
  60. celebheights.com
  61. itsanhonour.gov.au
  62. http://www.theorderofaustralia.asn.au/
  63. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20050117/ai_n9497657
  64. http://extratv.warnerbros.com/v2/news/0806/04/1/text.html
  65. Gibson Saves Love From Drugs
  66. Courtney Love: Mel Gibson Helped Me Get Sober
  67. http://imdb.com/title/tt0335345/
  68. http://imdb.com/title/tt0472043/

See also

References

  • Clarkson, Wensley (2004). Mel Gibson, Man on a Mission. John Blake. ISBN 1-85782-537-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Hitchens, Christopher (2006-07-31). "Mel Gibson's Meltdown". Slate. Retrieved 2006-08-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

Mel Gibson
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