| Revision as of 20:05, 16 November 2006 view source194.106.175.98 (talk) →Sister cities← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:10, 16 November 2006 view source 88.110.199.50 (talk) Replacing page with 'New York City is the largest City in the United States. Its most famous landscape is the Empire State Builing.'Next edit → | ||
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| New York City is the largest City in the United States. Its most famous landscape is the Empire State Builing. | |||
| <!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE NYC DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->{{Infobox City | | |||
| official_name = City of New York | | |||
| nickname = ], City that never Sleeps | | |||
| image_skyline = Top_of_Rock_Cropped.jpg | | |||
| image_flag = Flag of New York City.svg | | |||
| image_seal = {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|New York City|Us-nycsl.png|}} | | |||
| image_map = Map of New York Highlighting New York City.png| | |||
| mapsize = 200px | | |||
| map_caption = Location in the state of ] | | |||
| subdivision_type = ] | | |||
| subdivision_name = ] | | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] | | |||
| subdivision_type2 = ]| | |||
| subdivision_name2 = ] (The Bronx)<br>] (Manhattan)<br>] (Queens)<br>] (Brooklyn)<br>] (Staten Island)| | |||
| leader_title = ] | | |||
| leader_name = ] (])| | |||
| area_note = | | |||
| area_magnitude = 1 E9 | | |||
| TotalArea_sq_mi = 468.9 | | |||
| area_total = 1,214.4 | | |||
| LandArea_sq_mi = 303.3 | | |||
| area_land = 785.5 | | |||
| WaterArea_sq_mi = 165.6 | | |||
| area_water = 428.9 | | |||
| population_as_of = 2004 | | |||
| population_urban = 18,498,000 | | |||
| area_urban = 8,683.2 | | |||
| UrbanArea_sq_mi = 3,352.6 | | |||
| population_metro = 18,709,802 | | |||
| area_metro = 17,405 | | |||
| MetroArea_sq_mi = 6,720 | | |||
| population_total = 8,104,079 | | |||
| population_density_mi2 = 26,720 | | |||
| population_density = 10,316 | | |||
| timezone = ] | | |||
| utc_offset = -5 | | |||
| timezone_DST = ] | | |||
| utc_offset_DST = -4 | | |||
| latd=40 | latm=43 | lats= | latNS=N | | |||
| longd=74 | longm=00 | longs= | longEW=W | | |||
| elevation = 10 | | |||
| elevation_ft = 33 | | |||
| website = | | |||
| footnotes = | | |||
| }} {{redirect4|NYC|New York, New York}} | |||
| '''New York City''', (officially the '''City of New York''' and also known as '''The Big Apple''') is the ] in the ] and one of the world's major ]. Located in the ] of ], the city has a population of over 8 million within an area of 321 square miles (approximately 830 km²),<ref> - New York City's total area is 468.9 mi². 159.88 mi² of this is water and 321 mi² is land.</ref> making it the most densely populated major city in ]. With a population of 18.7 million, the ] is one of the ] in the world.<ref>U.S. Census Bureau, "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004" () Retrieved on ].</ref> | |||
| New York City is an international center for ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], with an extraordinary collection of ]s, ], performance venues, media outlets, international ]s, and financial markets. The city is also home to the ] of the ], and to many of the world's most famous ]s. | |||
| Popularly known as the "]" and the "City That Never Sleeps", the city attracts people from all over the globe who come for New York City's economic opportunity, culture, and fast-paced cosmopolitan lifestyle. As of June 2006, the city was distinguished for having the lowest crime rate among major American cities.<ref>"NYC Is Safest City as Crime Rises in U.S., FBI Say." ''Bloomberg News'' 12 June 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite news| last = The Associated Press| title = The most, least dangerous cities| publisher = ]| date = 2006-10-30| url = http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061030/ap_on_re_us/city_crime_list_glance| accessdate = 2006-10-30}}New York City is the 145th most dangerous city, out of 371, from least to most.</ref> | |||
| == History == | |||
| <!-- PLEASE CONSIDER ADDING TO "HISTORY OF NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| {{main|History of New York City}} | |||
| The region was inhabited by the ] ] at the time of its ] discovery by Italian ]. Although Verrazano sailed into ], he is not thought to have traveled further than the present site of the bridge that bears his name, and instead sailed back into the ]. It was not until the voyage of ], an ] who worked for the ], that the area was mapped. He discovered Manhattan on September 11, 1609, and continued up the river that bears his name, the ], until he arrived at the site where New York State's capital city, ], now stands. The ] established ] in 1613, which was granted self-government in 1652 under ]. The ] took the city in September 1664, and renamed it "New York" after the English ]. The Dutch briefly regained it in August 1673, renaming the city "New Orange," but ceded it permanently in November 1674. | |||
| ] on the southern tip of Manhattan, 1660.]] | |||
| Under British rule the City of New York continued to develop, and while there was growing sentiment in the city for greater political independence, the area was decidedly split in its loyalties during the ], a series of major early battles during the ]. The city was under British occupation until the end of the war, and was not finally ] until 1783. | |||
| New York City was the ] of the newly-formed United States under the ] from ], ] to Autumn 1788, and under the ] from ], ] to ], ]. In the 19th century, the opening of the ] in 1825 enabled New York to overtake ] and ] in economic importance, and local politics became dominated by a ] ] known as ] that drew on the support of Irish immigrants. In later years, known as the ], the city's upper classes enjoyed great prosperity amid the further growth of a poor immigrant working class. It was also an era associated with economic and municipal integration, culminating in the consolidation of ] in 1898.<ref>Burrows and Wallace (1998).</ref> | |||
| ], 1930.]] | |||
| New York's colonial heritage was arguably unique in British North America at the time of the Revolution, since New York was vividly multi-cultural and proudly commercial because of its Dutch heritage. This inheritance was crucial in making New York the most important city in North America in the 19th Century once the Erie Canal was built. | |||
| A series of new transportation links, most notably the opening of the ] in 1904, bound together the newly-enlarged city. The height of European immigration brought social upheaval, and the anticapitalist labor union ] was fiercely repressed. Later, in the 1920s, the city saw the influx of African-Americans as part of the ] from the ]. The ] blossomed during this period, part of a larger boom in the ] era that saw the city's skyline transformed by construction of the ]s that have come to define New York. New York overtook ] as the most populous city in the world in 1925, ending that city's ] to the title. | |||
| New York City suffered during the ], which saw the end of Tammany Hall's eighty years of political dominance with the 1934 election of reformist mayor ]. The city's government and infrastructure underwent a dramatic overhaul under LaGuardia and his controversial parks commissioner ]. | |||
| ]]] | |||
| New York City played a major role in ] as a port and a center of finance and industry. It emerged from the war as the leading city of the world, with ] leading America's emergence as the world's dominant economic power, the United Nations headquarters (built in 1952) emphasizing its political influence, and the rise of ] displacing Paris as the center of the art world.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary Film|first=Ric|last=Burns|publisher=PBS|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/index.html|accessdate=2006-07-20|chapter=Transcript|chapterurl=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html|date=2003-08-22}}</ref> | |||
| However, the growth of post-war ]s saw a slow decline in the city's population. A decline in manufacturing, rising crime rates and ] pushed New York into a social and economic crisis in the 1970s. These problems plagued the city until the 1990s. Racial tensions calmed in these years; a dramatic fall in crime rates, improvements in quality of life, economic growth and new immigration renewed the formerly dying city. | |||
| The city was one of the sites of the ], when nearly 3,000 people were killed in the destruction of the city's tallest buildings, the ]. The ], intended to be exactly 1,776 feet tall (a number symbolic of the year the ] was written), is to be built on the site and is slated for completion by 2012.<ref>{{cite news|first=David W.|last=Dunlap|title=Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number|publisher=New York Times|date=]|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40D16F83C550C728CDDA80894DC404482|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| == Geography == | |||
| ] | |||
| {{main|Geography and environment of New York City}} | |||
| New York City is located in the northeastern U.S., southeastern New York state, and at the mouth of the Hudson River. The city's total land area is 321 square miles and it is situated on the three major islands of ], ], western ] and the southeastern most mainland portion of ]. The city resides over five ]. They are New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Bronx, and Richmond (Staten Island) counties. These counties also constitute the separate ] of New York city. | |||
| New York City's significance as a trading city results from the natural harbor formed by ], which is surrounded by ], ], ], and the coast of ]. It is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by ] between ] and ] in ]. | |||
| The ] flows from the ] into ], becoming a ] that separates the Bronx and Manhattan from New Jersey. The ], actually a tidal strait, stretches from the ] to New York Bay, separating the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The ], another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx. | |||
| The city's land has been altered considerably by human intervention, with substantial ] along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times. Reclamation is most notable in ] with modern developments like ]. Much of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, particularly in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite book|first=Phillip|last=Lopate|title=Waterfront: a walk around Manhattan|publisher=Anchor Press|year=2004}}</ref> | |||
| {{seealso|Geography of New York Harbor}} | |||
| === Boroughs === | |||
| Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct ], many with a definable history and character all their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the ]. | |||
| ] (New York County, pop. 1,593,200<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=http://www.labor.state.ny.us/workforceindustrydata/cen/popest2.asp?reg=cny|title=New York State Department of Labor - Population Estimates|accessdate=2006-11-02}}</ref> is the business center of the city and the entire country. It is also the center of New York's entertainment and cultural attractions. It is the most superlatively urban of all the boroughs, the most densely populated, and home to most of the city's skyscrapers and famous landmarks. It is loosely divided into ], ], and ] regions. | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (Bronx County, pop. 1,357,589<ref name="census" />) is the birthplace of rap and ],<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Toop|title=Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop|publisher=Serpents Tail|year=1992}}</ref> as well as the home of the ] and the largest cooperatively owned housing complex in the United States, ]. The borough has middle-class neighborhoods but also has some of the run-down areas of New York City. Excluding some of its surrounding minor islands, the Bronx is the only borough of the city that is entirely on the mainland of the United States. | |||
| ] (Kings County, pop. 2,486,235<ref name="census" />), the largest borough in population was an independent city until 1898, and has a strong native identity. It is also the only borough outside of Manhattan with a distinguished downtown area. The business district is modern and there are large historic residential neighborhoods in the central and south-eastern areas. There are many well upkept areas, but like the Bronx, some run-down sections of the city are found in Brooklyn. The borough also features a long beachfront and ], famous as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country. | |||
| ] (Queens County, pop. 2,241,600<ref name="census" />) is geographically the largest borough and, according to the US census, the most ethnically diverse county in the United States.<ref name="queensdiverse">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/04/nyregion/04fourth.html|first=Michelle|last=O'Donnell|title=In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th...|publisher=New York Times|date=]|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> Prior to consolidation with New York City it was composed of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch. It is home to the ] of ], two of the region's three major airports (] and ]), and ], site of the ] and ] ]s and tennis' ]. The borough is mainly residential. | |||
| ] (Richmond County, pop. 464,573<ref name="census" />) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs, and has gradually integrated with the rest of the city since the opening of the ] in 1964, connecting it to Brooklyn, an event that caused controversy and even an attempt at secession. It is also connected to Manhattan by the free ]. Until 2001, the borough was the home of the infamous ], formerly the largest landfill in the world, which is now being reconstructed as one of the largest urban parks in the United States. | |||
| === Climate === | |||
| Although located at a more southern latitude than Italian ] or the ], New York has a ] climate resulting from prevailing wind patterns that bring cool air from the interior of the North American continent. New York winters are typically cold and can be snowy. Snowfall varies from year to year, but usually averages about 2 feet (60 cm) in total. The Atlantic Ocean helps keep temperatures warmer in the city than in the interior Northeast, however, there has never been a winter since records began in 1869 in which enough snow to cover the ground did not fall at least once. | |||
| {{New York City weatherbox}} | |||
| === Environment === | |||
| {{main|Environmental issues in New York City}} | |||
| ] is often referred to as the "lungs of New York."]] | |||
| New York's population density has environmental benefits and dangers. It facilitates the highest ] use in the United States, but also concentrates pollution. Although gasoline consumption in the city is at the rate the national average was in the 1920s,<ref>{{cite book|first=Ben|last=Jervey|title=The Big Green Apple: Your Guide to Eco-Friendly Living in New York City|ISBN=0762738359|publisher=Globe Pequot Press|year=2006}}</ref> New York City has some of the dirtiest air in the United States. Pollution varies greatly from borough to borough, and residents of Manhattan face the highest risk in the country of developing cancer from chemicals in the air.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata1999/nsata99.html|title=1999 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment|date=2006-02|accessdate=2006-07-19|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Recently, the city has focused on reducing its environmental impact. The city government is required to purchase only the most energy-efficient equipment for use in city offices and public housing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/nyregion/11efficiency.html|title=It Never Sleeps, but It's Learned to Douse the Lights|publisher=New York Times|date=2005-12-11|accessdate=2006-07-19|first=Anthony|last=Depalma}}</ref> New York has the largest clean-air diesel-] and ] bus fleet in the country, and some of the first hybrid taxis.<ref>Metropolitan Transportation Authority. retrieved on ] and {{cite news|title=New York City’s Yellow Cabs Go Green|publisher=Sierra Club press release|date=2005-07-01|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/pressroom/releases/pr2005-07-01a.asp|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> The city is also a leader in energy-efficient "green" office buildings, such as ] and ].<ref name="greenbuilding">{{cite news|title=7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-04-16|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/arts/design/16gree.html|accessdate=2006-07-19|first=Robin|last=Pogrebin}}</ref> | |||
| The city is supplied with water by the vast ] ], one of the largest protected wilderness areas in the United States. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration process, New York City drinking water that originates from this reservoir does not require purification by ] plants, and under normal conditions, only ] is necessary to ensure its purity at the tap.<ref>"Maintaining Water Quality that Satisfies Customers: New York City Watershed Agricultural Program." ''New York City Department Of Environmental Protection'' 20 Nov 1998.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2005 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/wsstate.html|publisher=City of New York Department of Environmental Protection|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| == Architecture == | |||
| ] is a famous example of ].]] | |||
| {{main|Buildings and architecture of New York City}} | |||
| {{seealso|Tallest buildings in New York City}} | |||
| The skyline of New York is one of the most recognizable in the world. New York actually has three separately recognizable skylines: ], ], and ]. New York City has architecturally important buildings in a variety of styles, including ] (The ] Building), ] (the ]), ] (the ] and ]), ] (], ] and ]), and ] (the ]). The ] is an important example of ] in American skyscrapers.<ref name="greenbuilding" /> | |||
| The residential parts of the city have a distinctive character from the skyscrapers of the commercial cores that is defined by the elegant ] ]s and ]s which were built during the city's rapid expansion from 1870–1930. Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. Unlike Paris, which for centuries was built from its own limestone bedrock, New York has always drawn its building stone from a far-flung network of quarries and its stone buildings have a variety of textures and hues.<ref>{{cite book|author=B. Diamonstein–Spielvoegel|title=The Landmarks of New York|publisher=Monacelli Press|year=2005}} See also the ''WPA Guide to New York City''.</ref> | |||
| == Culture == | |||
| <!-- PLEASE CONSIDER ADDING TO "CULTURE OF NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| ] is one of the largest art museums in the world.]] | |||
| {{main|Culture of New York City}} | |||
| Writer ] said of New York that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather." Many major American cultural movements began in the city. The ] established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was the epicenter of ] in the 1940s, ] in the 1950s, and the birthplace of ] in the 1970s. ] developed in the 1970s and 1980s, and the city has also been a flourishing scene for ]. | |||
| Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as ] and the ], that became internationally established. Artists are drawn to the city by opportunity, as well; there are 2,000 arts and cultural non-profits and 500 art galleries of all sizes, and the city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Creative New York|publisher=Center for an Urban Future|date=2005-12|url=http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/CREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf|accessdate=2006-06-19}}</ref> | |||
| ] at ].]] | |||
| The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theatre productions, and in the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began showcasing a new stage form that came to be known as the ]. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, these productions used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. Today these productions are a mainstay of the New York theatre scene. The city's 39 largest theatres (with more than 500 seats) are collectively known as "]," after the ] through the ] theatre district. | |||
| The ], which includes ], the ], the ], the ] and the ], is the largest performing arts center in the United States. | |||
| {{seealso|Broadway theatre|Music of New York City|List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City|}} | |||
| === Tourism === | |||
| <!-- CONSIDER ADDING TO "TOURISM IN NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| ].]] | |||
| {{main|Tourism in New York City}} | |||
| 40 million foreign and American tourists visit New York City each year.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=NYC & Company|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=57|title=NYC Statistics|accessdate=2006-08-03}}</ref> Major destinations include the ], the ], Broadway productions, scores of museums from the ] to the ], the ] and ], luxury shopping along ] and ]s, and events such as the ] in Greenwich Village and the ]. Many of the city's ethnic enclaves, such as ], ], and ] are major shopping destinations for first and second generation Americans up and down the East Coast. | |||
| New York City has 28,000 acres (113 km²) of parkland and 14 miles (22 km) of public beaches. Manhattan's ], designed by ] and ], is the most visited city park in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Trust for Public Land, Center for City Park Excellence|date=June 2006|url=http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=20531&folder_id=3208|accessdate=2006-07-19|title=City Park Facts}}</ref> ] in Brooklyn, also designed by Olmsted and Vaux, has a 90 acre (360,000 m²) meadow. ] in Queens, the city's third largest, was the setting for the ] and ]. | |||
| New York's food culture, influenced by the city's immigrants and large number of dining patrons, is diverse. Jewish and Italian immigrants made the city famous for ]s and ]. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as ]s and ]s standbys of contemporary New York street food. The city is also home to many of the finest ] restaurants in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kebabs on the Night Shift|publisher=The New York Times|date=2006-05-14|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/nyregion/thecity/14vend.html|accessdate=2006-07-19|first=Jennifer|last=Bleyer}} {{cite news|title=Michelin Takes On the City, Giving Some a Bad Taste|publisher=New York Times|first=Glenn|last=Collins|date=2005-11-03|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30911F83D5A0C708CDDA80994DD404482|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| === Sports === | |||
| <!-- HELP MAINTAIN CONCISION; ADD DETAIL TO "SPORTS IN NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF HERE. --> | |||
| {{main|Sports in New York City}} | |||
| ] is the largest marathon in the world.]] | |||
| New York is home to teams in each of the major American professional sports leagues. ] is the city's most closely followed sport. There have been fourteen ] championship series between New York City teams; such matchups are called ]. The city's two current ] teams are the ] and the ], which enjoy a fierce rivalry. The New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers were each originally based in New York City before relocating to ] prior to the addition of the Mets. Today they compete as the ] and the ], respectively. New York City is also home to two ] teams, the ] ] and ], which are affiliated with the Mets and Yankees, respectively. | |||
| In ] the city's teams are the ] ] and ], who share a stadium outside the city limits in ]. The ] represent the city in ], although two other teams are in close proximity of the city, namely the ] and ]. The ] is headquartered in Manhattan. | |||
| New York has a rich basketball history. New York has an ] team, the ]. The first national college-level ] championship, the ], was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. | |||
| As a global city, New York supports many events outside the big four American sports. Examples are the ], the ], and many amateur leagues in sports such as ], ] and ]. The ] (1971-1985) was a former franchise in the ], renowned for signing the great Brazilian player ]. ], formerly known as the MetroStars, is a professional soccer club based in ] that participates in ]. | |||
| === Media === | |||
| ] is home to many of the city's media corporations.]] | |||
| ] gives the city a large newspaper readership base.<ref>{{cite news|title=Since Riders Had No Subways, Commuter Papers Struggled, Too|publisher=New York Times|date=2005-12-26|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/26/business/media/26commute.html|first=Sara|last=Ivry|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref>]] | |||
| {{main|Media of New York City}} | |||
| New York is often called "the media capital of the world". It is home to several of the largest media conglomerates in the world, including ], ], the ], and ]. Three of the "]" record labels have their headquarters in the city. One-third of all ]s in the world are produced in New York. More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city. The book-publishing industry alone employs about 13,000 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Media and entertainment|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation|accessdate=2006-07-19|url=http://www.newyorkbiz.com/Industries/Entertainment/index.html}}</ref> | |||
| The city is home to two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States: '']'' (circulation 1.1 million), and the '']'' (circulation 2.1 million). Aside from the Times, the other leading papers are '']'' (circulation 730,000), the '']'' (circulation 650,000), which was founded in 1801 by ], and ] (circulation 1 million, and ''New York Newsday'', which serves the other 4 boroughs) , which is a ] based paper that serves ], ], and ], but is distributed throughout the 5 boroughs and the ]. The city also has a large ethnic press with newspapers in over twenty languages; '']'' (circulation 265,000) is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Audit Bureau of Circulations|url=http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/index.html|title=eCirc|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| New York City is the nation's largest metropolitan media market, comprising about 7% of American television-viewing households. The city is the national headquarters of the four major American broadcast ]s, ], ], ] and ]. It is also the home of many large cable television channels, including ], ], ] and ]. In 2005 there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/news/010106_2005_banner_year.shtml|title=2005 is banner year for production in New York|date=2005-12-28|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> Radio broadcasting in the city is equally varied. Presently the city is home to ] ] and ], conservative talk hosts ] and ], the ] ] radio station ] and the ] network. ] ("Hot 97"), claims to be the nation's premier ] station, while the morning radio program '']'' on ] is the highest-rated Spanish-language radio show in the United States. | |||
| ] got its start in New York, and ], the city's major public television station, is a primary national provider of ] programming. ] is the most listened-to public radio station in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|author=WNYC|title=WNYC, New York Public Radio: An Overview|url=http://www.wnyc.org/about/overview.html|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| New York City is also the home of ], a 24-hour news channel owned by ] and broadcast on ] and ]. | |||
| == Economy == | |||
| <!-- PLEASE CONSIDER ADDING TO "ECONOMY OF NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| ] is the largest ] in the United States.]] | |||
| {{main|Economy of New York City}} | |||
| New York City is a major center for international business and commerce and is one of three "command centers" for the global economy (along with ] and ]).<ref>{{cite book|author=]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> The city is widely regarded as a financial capital of the world and is a major center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in the United States. Other important sectors include the city's television and film industry, second largest in the country after Hollywood; medical research and technology; non-profit institutions and universities; and fashion. | |||
| The New York metropolitan area had an estimated ] of $901.3 billion in 2004, the largest in the United States. The city's economy accounts for the majority of the economic activity in the states of ] and New York.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usmayors.org/74thWinterMeeting/metroeconreport_January2006.pdf|publisher=Global Insight|title=The role of metro areas in the U.S. economy|date=2006-01-13|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| The city's stock exchanges are among the most important in the world. The ] is the world's largest stock exchange by dollar volume, while the ] is the world's largest by number of listings. Many major corporations have headquarters in New York, including more ] companies than any other city.<ref>{{cite news|first=Patrick|last=McGeehan|title=Top executives return offices to Manhattan|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-07-03|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/03/nyregion/03nyboss.html|accessdate=2006-07-12}}</ref> New York is unique among American cities for its large number of foreign corporations. One out of every ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Keeping the Economy Growing|publisher=Gotham Gazette|date=2006-01-23|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/fea/20060123/202/1727|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| Creative industries, like new media, advertising, design and architecture account for a growing share of employment. High-tech industries like software development, game design, and Internet services are also growing; because of its position at the terminus of the transatlantic ] trunk line New York City is the leading Internet gateway in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title=Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation|date=2005-03|url=http://www.nycedc.com/about_us/TelecomPlanMarch2005.pdf|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| Manufacturing accounts for a large but declining share of employment. Garments, chemicals, metal products, processed foods, and furniture are some of the principal products.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/imb/downloads/pdf/whitepaper.pdf|title=Protecting and growing New York City's industrial job base|publisher=The Mayor's Office for Industrial and Manufacturing Business|accessdate=2006-07-19|date=2005-01}}</ref> International shipping has always been a major part of the city's economy because of New York's natural harbor, but with the advent of ] most cargo shipping has moved from the Brooklyn waterfront across the harbor to the ] in New Jersey. Some cargo shipping remains; for example, Brooklyn still handles the majority of cocoa bean imports to the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9506E0DB173EF931A25750C0A96F958260&sec=travel&pagewanted=print|date=1999-03-12|title=My Brooklyn; Still a Contender on the Waterfront|first=Douglas|last=Century|accessdate=2006-07-19|publisher=New York Times}}</ref> | |||
| {{see also|List of major corporations based in New York City}} | |||
| == Demographics == | |||
| <!-- CONSIDER ADDING TO "DEMOGRAPHICS OF NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| ] in New York Harbor, a ], has greeted millions of immigrants.]] | |||
| {{main|Demographics of New York City}} | |||
| New York is the largest city in the United States, with a population about double the next largest city, ]. According to 2005 New York City Department of City Planning estimates, there are 8,213,839 people (up from 7.3 million in 1990), 2,984,544 households, and 1,802,009 families residing in the city.<ref name="census" /> This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city has been growing rapidly. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.4 million by 2025.<ref>{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-02-19|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/nyregion/19population.html?ex=1298005200&en=c586d38abbd16541&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| The two key demographic features of the city are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high population density of 26,402.9/mi² (10,194.2/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest American city, ]. Manhattan's population density is 66,940.1/mi² (25,845.7/km²).<ref name="census2000">"", U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on ].</ref> | |||
| New York City is exceptionally diverse. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the ], and according to some estimates as many as one out of every four Americans trace their ancestry roots back to New York City. In 2000, 36% of the city's population was foreign-born; 16% ], 20% not citzens. Among American cities this proportion was higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.<ref name="census2000" /> While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The five largest countries of origin are the ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| {| id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 5em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3" | |||
| !colspan="3"|'''New York City Compared''' | |||
| |- | |||
| |''']'''||'''NY City'''||'''NY State'''||'''U.S.''' | |||
| |- | |||
| |Total population||8,008,278||18,976,457||281,421,906 | |||
| |- | |||
| |Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000||+9.4%||+5.5%||+13.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| |Population density||26,403/mi²||402/mi²||80/mi² | |||
| |- | |||
| |Median household income (1999)||$38,293||$43,393||$41,994 | |||
| |- | |||
| |Bachelor's degree or higher||27%||27%||24% | |||
| |- | |||
| |Foreign born||36%||20%||11% | |||
| |- | |||
| |White||45%||62%||69% | |||
| |- | |||
| |Black||27%||16%||12% | |||
| |- | |||
| |Hispanic (any race)||27%||15%||13% | |||
| |- | |||
| |Asian||10%||6%||4% | |||
| |} | |||
| The city and its metropolitan area is home to the largest ] outside of ]. It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's ]s, and the largest ] community of any city in the country. Among ] New Yorkers ] have long been the city's largest ethnic group, but that has begun to change with new immigration from other Latin American nations. The ] also have a notable presence; although relatively small in number in contemporary New York, a 2006 genetic survey by Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland found that one in 50 New Yorkers of European origin carry a distinctive genetic signature on their Y chromosomes inherited from ], an Irish high king of the fifth century A.D.<ref>{{cite news|title=If Irish Claim Nobility, Science May Approve|publisher=New York Times|date=2006-01-18|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/18/science/18irish.html?ex=1149652800&en=2336ca46c937614b&ei=5070|first=Nicholas|last=Wade|accessdate=2006-07-16}}</ref> Another historically significant ethnic group in the city are ], particularly southern Italians who emigrated in large numbers from ] and ] in the early twentieth century. New York City has long had a large ] community, estimated to be between 360,000 and 500,000 people.<ref>The 2000 U.S. Census recorded 25,906 gay households in New York City, or about 52,000 people, three times larger than was reported in 1990 but significantly less than other estimates. Demographers suggest Census methodology undercounts the actual number.{{cite news|title=Counting Gay New York|date=2001-07|publisher=Gotham Gazette|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article//20010701/5/598|first=Andrew|last=Beveridge|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| Since 1991, New York City has seen a continuous fifteen-year trend of decreasing crime; it is now the safest city in the United States with a population greater than 1 million and the fourth safest among cities with populations over 500,000.<ref></ref> In 2004 New York City had a rate of 2,800 crimes per 100,000, compared with 8,959.7 in ]; 7,903.7 in ]; and 7,402.3 in ]. While some criminologists credit the continuous drop in crime to innovations implemented by the ] in the 1990s, such as ], economist ] and others have pointed instead to improved socioeconomic trends. | |||
| {{seealso|Crime in New York City}} | |||
| == Government == | |||
| <!-- PLEASE CONSIDER ADDING TO "GOV'T OF NYC" DAUGHTER ARTICLE INSTEAD OF ADDING LENGTH HERE. --> | |||
| ], which houses many city agencies, is one of the largest government buildings in the world.]] | |||
| {{main|Government of New York City}} | |||
| Since its consolidation in 1898, New York City has been a ] with a "strong" ]. The ] and ]s are elected to four-year terms. The ] is a ] body consisting of 51 Council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. The mayor and councilmembers are limited to two four-year terms. The "Board of Estimates" used to be considered the "upper house" of the city legislature until it was abolished in the early 90's. City Council offices are located at 250 Broadway, adjacent to City Hall. | |||
| The ] holds the majority of public offices. 66% of registered voters in the city are Democrats.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=New York State Board of Elections|url=http://www.elections.state.ny.us/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr06.htm|title=County enrollment totals|date=2006-04-01|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> The ] centers on affordable housing, education and economic development. Labor politics are important in the city. The city, however, is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States. New York City has not been won by a Republican in a Presidential or Statewide election since 1924. | |||
| Four of the top five ] in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top zip code, 10021 on the ], generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of both ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=opensecrets.org|url=http://www.opensecrets.org/overview/topzips.asp?cycle=2004|title=2006 election overview: top zip codes|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| According to the city government it has a strong imbalance of payments with the state government. New York City receives 63 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the state government in ] and other revenue (or annually sends $7 billion more than it receives back<ref>{{cite news|title=A Fair Share of State Budget: Does Albany Play Fair with NYC?|author=New York City Finance Division|date=2005-03-11|url=http://webdocs.nyccouncil.info/attachments/65379.htm?CFID=232457&CFTOKEN=33008944|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref>). | |||
| The mayor is ], a former Democrat elected as a ] in 2001 and re-elected in 2005 with 59% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=New York City Board of Elections|url=http://www.vote.nyc.ny.us/pdf/results/2005/general/Manhattan/New%20York%20Mayor%20NY%20Recap.pdf|title=Statement and return report for certification: General Election 2005|date=2005-11-08|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> He is known for taking control of the city's education system from the state, rezoning and economic development, sound fiscal management, and aggressive public health policy. In his second term he has made school reform and strict gun control central priorities of his administration. | |||
| As the host of the ], New York City is also home to the world's largest international ], comprising 105 consulates, consulates general and honorary consulates.<ref>Society of Foreign Consuls, . Retrieved on ].</ref> | |||
| == Education == | |||
| {{main|Education in New York City}} | |||
| Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. The city's public school system, the ], is the largest in the United States, and New York is home to some of the most important libraries, universities, and research centers in the world. The city is particularly known as a center for research in medicine and the life sciences. | |||
| ]'s Keating Hall in the ].]] | |||
| New York has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, 40,000 licensed physicians, and 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions. The city receives the second-highest amount of annual funding from the ] among all U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in Manhattan|publisher=New York City press release|url=http://www.newyorkbiz.com/About_Us/getPressReleasePreview2004_detail.cfm?id=273|date=2004-11-18|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> It also struggles with disparity in its public school system, with some of the best and worst performing public schools in the United States. Under Mayor Michael Bloomberg the city has embarked on major school reform efforts. | |||
| The ] is the third-largest public university system in the United States. ] is an ] university established in 1754, the oldest institution in the state, and ] is the largest private, ] university in the United States. | |||
| The ] is one of the largest public library systems in the United States. Its Library for the Humanities research center has 39 million items in its collection, among them the first five folios of ]'s plays, ancient ] scrolls, and ]'s handwritten draft of the ]. | |||
| == Transportation == | |||
| ], the world's first ] wire suspension bridge]] | |||
| ] seen here.]] | |||
| {{main|Transportation in New York City}} | |||
| New York City is home to the most complex and extensive transportation network in the United States, with more than 12,000 iconic yellow cabs,<ref>{{cite news|title=The State of the NYC Taxi|publisher=New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/downloads/pdf/state_of_taxi.pdf|accessdate=2006-08-02}}</ref> 120,000 daily bicyclists,<ref>{{cite news|title=Biking It|last=Schaller|first=Bruce|publisher=Gotham Gazette|date=2006-06|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/transportation/20060718/16/1910/|accessdate=2006-07-20}}</ref> subway, bus and railroad systems, immense airports, landmark bridges and tunnels, ferry service and even an ]. While nearly 90% of Americans drive to their jobs, only about 30% of New Yorkers do; about one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in New York and its suburbs.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|url=http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/mta/network.htm|title=The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region|accessdate=2006-07-20}}</ref><ref name="nhts">{{cite book|publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics|title=Highlights of the 2001 National Household Travel Survey|url=http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/executive_summary.html|year=2001|accessdate=2006-07-20}}</ref> Data from the 2000 U.S. Census reveals that New York City is the only major city in the United States where more than half of all ] (the figure is even higher in Manhattan, over 75%; nationally, the rate is 8%).<ref name="census2000" /><ref name="nhts" /> New York's high rate of ] and its ] makes it one of the most energy-efficient cities in the country. A study by the environmental organization SustainLane found New York to be the city in the United States best able to endure an oil crisis with an extended gasoline price shock in the range of US$3 to US$8 per gallon.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Cities’ Preparedness for an Oil Crisis|date=2006-03|publisher=SustainLane|url=http://www.sustainlane.com/article/747//U.S.+Cities%92+Preparedness+for+an+Oil+Crisis.html|accessdate=2006-07-20}}</ref> | |||
| The ] is the largest subway system in the world when measured by track mileage (656 miles or 1,056 km of mainline track) and the world's fifth largest when measured by annual ridership (1.4 billion passenger trips in 2004). New York City's public ] and vast commuter rail network are the largest in North America. The rail network, which connects the suburbs in the ] to the city, has more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|url=http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/mta/network.htm|accessdate=2006-07-19|title=The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region}} {{cite news|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|title=About the MTA Long Island Rail Road|url=http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/lirr/pubs/aboutlirr.htm|accessdate=2006-07-19}} In addition to the MTA lines, ] also operates four lines terminating in New York City.</ref> The commuter rail system converges at the two busiest rail stations in the United States, ] and ], both in Manhattan.<ref>More than half a million people pass through Grand Central, the main terminus for the ] rail system, each day. . Retrieved on ]. Penn Station, the main station for New York's intercity trains and the regional Long Island Railroad, is Amtrak's busiest station. . Retrieved on ].</ref> Long-haul buses depart from the ], the nation's busiest bus station.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.panynj.gov/CommutingTravel/bus/html/pa.html|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|title=Port Authority Bus Terminal|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> | |||
| Three major airports serve New York City and its surrounding suburbs: ] (JFK) and ] (LGA), both in ], and ] (EWR) in nearby ]. About 100 million travelers used these New York-area airports in 2005 as the metropolitan region surpassed Chicago to become the busiest air gateway in the nation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Port Authority Airports set all-time Record for Passenger Traffic in 2005|publisher=NYC & Company|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagepkey=1650|date=2006-01-06|accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> Rail service is now available to Kennedy Airport via ]. The service connects with the Long Island Rail Road at ] and the city subway system at ]. | |||
| {{see also|Mass transit in New York City|New York City Subway|Port Authority Trans-Hudson|Long Island Rail Road}} | |||
| == Sister cities == | |||
| New York's ] are:<ref name="sister-cities">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml |title=The Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. |accessdate=October 23, 2006 |format=HTML |language=English |work=NYC.gov | |||
| |publisher=City of New York }}</ref> | |||
| {| | |||
| | valign="top" | | |||
| * {{flagicon|China}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Hungary}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Serbia}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Egypt}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Israel}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Italy}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Japan}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|South Africa}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|Spain}} ], ] | |||
| * {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ], ] | |||
| |} | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| * | |||
| * ] and ] (1998), '']'', Oxford University Press. | |||
| * ] (1976). '']'', Little, Brown & Co. | |||
| * ] (1939). ''The WPA Guide to New York City'', The New Press (1995 reissue). | |||
| * ] (ed.) (1995). '']'', Yale University Press. | |||
| * Kenneth T. Jackson and David S. Dunbar (eds.) (2005), ''Empire City: New York Through the Centuries'', Columbia University Press. | |||
| * ] (1949). ''Here is New York'', Little Bookroom (2000 reissue). | |||
| * ] (2003). ''The Colossus of New York: A City in 13 Parts'', Doubleday. | |||
| * E. Porter Belden (1849). , New York, G.P. Putnam. from ] | |||
| == Notes == | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{portal}} | |||
| {{commons|New York City}} | |||
| ===Directories=== | |||
| * Wiki directory | |||
| * volunteer directory | |||
| ===Miscellaneous=== | |||
| * - official website of the city | |||
| *'''History:''' , | |||
| *'''Photoblogs:''' | |||
| *'''Maps:''' , , | |||
| *'''Travel:''' {{wikitravel}} | |||
| *'''Virtual tours:''' , | |||
| *'''Theatre:''' | |||
| *'''Wikis:''' , | |||
| {{New York City}} | |||
| {{New York}} | |||
| {{USLargestCities}} | |||
| {{US capital}} | |||
| {{coor title dm|40|43|N|74|00|W|type:city(8,104,179)}} | |||
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Revision as of 20:10, 16 November 2006
New York City is the largest City in the United States. Its most famous landscape is the Empire State Builing.