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Naomi Oreskes
Born	(1958-11-25) November 25, 1958 (age 66)
Alma mater	Imperial College, University of London Stanford University
Scientific career
Fields	History of science, Economic geology
Institutions	Stanford University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dartmouth College Harvard University New York University University of California, San Diego

Naomi Oreskes (born November 25, 1958) is an American historian of science. She became Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University in 2013, after 15 years as Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California, San Diego. She has worked on studies of geophysics, environmental issues such as global warming, and the history of science. In 2010, Oreskes co-authored Merchants of Doubt which identified some parallels between the climate change debate and earlier public controversies.

Background

Oreskes is the daughter of Susan Eileen (née Nagin), a teacher, and Irwin Oreskes, a professor. Her father was a professor of medical laboratory sciences and former dean of the School of Health Sciences at Hunter College in New York; her mother was a teacher. She has three siblings: Michael Oreskes, a journalist; Daniel Oreskes, an actor; and Rebecca Oreskes, a writer and former U.S. Forest Service ranger.

She has worked as a consultant for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and US National Academy of Sciences, and has also taught at Dartmouth, Harvard and New York University (NYU). She is the author of or has contributed to a number of essays and technical reports in economic geology and history of science in addition to several books.

Since 2017, Oreskes has been listed on the Board of Directors of the National Center for Science Education.

Academic career

In Oreskes' academic career, she mainly worked on scientific methods, in particular model validation in the Earth sciences.

She received her Bachelor of Science in mining geology from the Royal School of Mines of Imperial College, University of London in 1981, and worked as a research assistant in the Geology Department and as a teaching assistant in the departments of Geology, Philosophy and Applied Earth Sciences at Stanford University starting in 1984. In the meantime, in the early 1980s, Naomi worked as a mining geologist for WMC (Western Mining Company) in outback SA, based in Adelaide, South Australia. She received her PhD degree in the Graduate Special Program in Geological Research and History of Science at Stanford in 1990. She received a National Science Foundation's Young Investigator Award in 1994.

In 1999 she participated as a consultant to the US Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board for developing a repository safety strategy for the Yucca Mountain project, with special attention to model validation.

Oreskes previously served as the Provost of the Sixth College at the University of California, San Diego.

Since 2013, Oreskes has served as a Professor at Harvard University in the Department of the History of Science and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (by courtesy).

Science and society essay

Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change" in the journal Science in December 2004.

In the essay she reported an analysis of "928 abstracts, published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003 and published in the ISI database with the keywords 'climate change'". The essay stated the analysis was to test the hypothesis that the drafting of reports and statements by societies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, American Association for the Advancement of Science and National Academy of Sciences might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions on anthropogenic climate change. After the analysis, she concluded that 75 percent of the examined abstracts either explicitly or implicitly backed the consensus view, while none directly dissented from it. The essay received a great deal of media attention from around the world and has been cited by many prominent persons such as Al Gore in the movie An Inconvenient Truth.

In 2007, Oreskes expanded her analysis, stating that approximately 20 percent of abstracts explicitly endorsed the consensus on climate change that: "Earth's climate is being affected by human activities". In addition, 55 percent of abstracts "implicitly" endorsed the consensus by engaging in research to characterize the ongoing and/or future impact of climate change (50 percent of abstracts) or to mitigate predicted changes (5 percent). The remaining 25 percent focused on either paleoclimate (10%) or developing measurement techniques (15%); Oreskes did not classify these as taking a position on contemporary global climate change.

Merchants of Doubt

Merchants of Doubt is a 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. Oreskes and Conway, both American historians of science, identify some remarkable parallels between the climate change debate and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking, acid rain, and the hole in the ozone layer. They argue that spreading doubt and confusion was the basic strategy of those opposing action in each case. In particular, Fred Seitz, Fred Singer, and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative think tanks and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues.

Most reviewers received it "enthusiastically". One reviewer said that Merchants of Doubt is exhaustively researched and documented and may be one of the most important books of 2010. Another reviewer saw the book as his choice for best science book of the year.

A film with the same name, inspired by the book, was released in 2015.

Controversies

Together with Erik Conway and Matthew Shindell, in 2008, Oreskes wrote the paper From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge which argued that William Nierenberg as chairman reframed a National Academy of Sciences committee report on climate change in 1983 into economic terms to avoid action on the topic. Nierenberg died in 2000 but a rebuttal was published in 2010 in the same journal which said the paper contradicted the historical report and there was no evidence that any committee members disagreed with the report, the evidence was that the report reflected the consensus at the time.

In 2015 Oreskes published an opinion piece in The Guardian, titled There is a New Form of Climate Denialism to Look Out For – So Don't Celebrate Yet, where she said scientists who call for a continued use of nuclear energy are renewable-energy "deniers" and "myth" makers. She cited an article by four prominent climate scientists saying nuclear power must be used to combat climate change. An opinion piece in The New Yorker said she branded these four scientists as "climate deniers", and that her characterization was absurd, as they were amongst those who had done the most to push people to combat climate change.

Bibliography

Books

• The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-511733-6
• Plate Tectonics: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth, Edited with Homer Le Grand, Westview Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9
• Perspectives on Geophysics, Special Issue of Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds., 2000.
• Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Bloomsbury Press, 2010
• The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future, Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Columbia University Press, 2014
• Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality: On Care for Our Common Home, Pope Francis, introduction by Naomi Oreskes, (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2015) ISBN 978-1-612-19528-5
• Discerning Experts: The Practices of Scientific Assessment for Environmental Policy. Michael Oppenheimer, N. Oreskes, D. Jamieson, K. Brysse, J. O’Reilly & M. Shindell, University of Chicago Press, 2019, ISBN 978-0-226-60201-1

Important papers

• Lewandowsky, Stephan; Cowtan; Risbey, James S.; Mann, Michael E.; Steinman, Byron E.; Oreskes, Naomi; Rahmstorf, Stefan (2018). "The 'pause' in global warming in historical context: (II) Comparing models to observations". . Environmental Research Letters . 13 (12). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaf372.
• Lloyd, Elisabeth A.; Oreskes, Naomi (2018). "Climate Change Attribution: When is it Appropriate to Accept New Methods?". Earth's Future. 5 (3): 311–325. doi:10.1002/2017EF000665.
• Oreskes, Naomi (2017). "Response by Oreskes to "Beyond Counting Climate Consensus,"". Environmental Communication. 11 (6): 731–732.
• Zalasiewicz, J.; Oreskes, Naomi (21st of 26 authors) (2017). "The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of Evidence and Interim Recommendations". Anthropocene. 19: 55–60.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Supran, Geoffrey; Oreskes, Naomi (2017). "Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications (1977–2014)". Environmental Research Letters. 12 (8): 084019. Bibcode:2017ERL....12h4019S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f.
• Waters, Colin N.; et al. (2016). "The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene". Science. 351 (6269): 6269. doi:10.1126/science.aad2622. PMID 26744408.
• Zalasiewicz, Jan; et al. (2015). "When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal" (PDF). Quaternary International. 383: 196–203. Bibcode:2015QuInt.383..196Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.045.
• Lewandowsky, Stephan; et al. (2016). "The "Pause" in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation into a Problem for Science". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 97 (5): 723–733. Bibcode:2016BAMS...97..723L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00106.1. hdl:1983/9a81f4b9-c049-411b-a8fd-11acfbbc2211.
• Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oreskes, Naomi; Risbey, James S.; Newell, Ben R.; Smithson, Michael (2015). "Seepage: Climate change denial and its effect on the scientific community". Global Environmental Change. 33: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.013.
• Risbey; et al. (2014). "Well-estimated global surface warming in climate projections selected for ENSO phase". Nature Climate Change. 4 (9): 835–840. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4..835R. doi:10.1038/nclimate2310.
• Brysse, Keynyn; Oreskes, Naomi; O'Reilly, Jessica; Oppenheimer, Michael (2013). "Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?". Global Environmental Change. 23 (1): 327–337. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008.
• Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2010). "Defeating the merchants of doubt". Nature. 465 (7299): 686–687. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..686O. doi:10.1038/465686a. PMID 20535183.
• Oreskes, Naomi (2004). "Science and public policy: what's proof got to do with it?" (PDF). Environmental Science & Policy. 7 (5): 369–383. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2004.06.002.
• Oreskes, Naomi (December 2004). "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Science. 306 (5702): 1686. doi:10.1126/science.1103618. PMID 15576594.
• Oreskes, Naomi; Shrader-Frechette, Kristin; Belitz, Kenneth (1994). "Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences" (PDF). Science. 263 (5147): 641–646. doi:10.1126/science.263.5147.641. PMID 17747657.
• Hitzman, Murray W.; Oreskes, Naomi; Einaudi, Marco T. (1992). "Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of Proterozoic iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-LREE) deposits". Precambrian Research. 58 (1–4): 241–287. Bibcode:1992PreR...58..241H. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(92)90121-4.

Selected awards, honors, and fellowships

• The British Academy Medal, 2019
• Mary C. Rabbit Award (History and Philosophy of Geology Division), Geological Society of America, 2019
• Elected Member of the American Philosophical Society, 2019
• Guggenheim Fellow, 2018-2019, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation,
• Elected Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017
• Plenary Speaker, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017
• Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication, Climate One, 2016
• Ambassador and Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2016
• Frederick Anderson Climate Change Award, Center for International Environmental Law, 2016
• Convocation Speaker, The Evergreen State College, Olympia and Tacoma, Washington, 2016
• Public Service Award, Geological Society of America, 2015
• Elected a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, 2015
• William T. Patten Visiting Lectureship, Indiana University, March 2015
• Herbert Feis Prize for Public History, American Historical Association 2014
• Forum for the History of Science in America Distinguished Lecture History of Science Society 2014
• Presidential Citation for Science and Society American Geophysical Union 2014
• Commencement Speaker University of California, Riverside 2012
• Climate Change Communicator of the Year, George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, 2011
• Francis Bacon Award in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Caltech 2008
• Chancellors Associates’ Faculty Excellence Award for Community Service UCSD 2008
• Listed, Who's Who in American Science and Engineering, Who's Who in the West
• George Sarton Award Lecture, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004
• American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship, 2001-2002
• National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award, 1994-1999
• Ritter Memorial Fellowship in History of Marine Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1994
• National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for University Teachers, 1993-94
• Society of Economic Geologists Lindgren Prize for outstanding work by a young scientist, 1993

Notes and references

1. Oreskes, Naomi lccn.loc.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
2. "People: Naomi Oreskes". Harvard University. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
3. ^ Steketee, Mike (November 20, 2010). "Some sceptics make it a habit to be wrong". The Australian. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
4. Phys.org: "Oreskes, professor at NYC's Hunter College, dies" by Meghan Barr March 2, 2013
5. Who's who in the West: A Biographical Dictionary of Noteworthy Men and Women. A.N. Marquis Company. 2004. ISBN 978-0837909356. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
6. ^ City University of New York: "Irwin Oreskes, Professor Emeritus at NYC’s Hunter College who Taught Lab Science Dies at 86" March 4, 2013 |"Besides Michael Oreskes, Irwin Oreskes also is survived by his wife, Susan Oreskes; his other children, Naomi Oreskes, a science historian, Daniel Oreskes, an actor, and Rebecca Oreskes, a writer and former ranger with the U.S. Forest Service, and five grandchildren. His funeral will be held on Sunday at Jewish Community Chapel"
7. New York Times Obituary: "NAGIN—Morris, age 73, died after brief Illness on June 2, 1964" June 4, 1964 | "... devoted father of Susan Oreskes and the late Richard Nagin, loving grandfather of Iris Nagin, Michael, Daniel, Naomi and Rebecca Oreskes...Services at Riverside Memorial Chapel..."
8. "Naomi Oreskes Is Wed To Dr. Kenneth Belitz". The New York Times. September 29, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
9. New York Times: "Geraldine Baum, Reporter, Marries" September 24, 1989
10. "Publications". UCSD. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
11. "Board of Directors". ncse.com. National Center for Science Education. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
12. Oreskes, Naomi; Kristin Shrader-Frechette; Kenneth Belitz (1994). "Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences" (PDF). Science. 263 (5147): 641–646. Bibcode:1994Sci...263..641O. doi:10.1126/science.263.5147.641. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17747657. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
13. "Naomi Oreskes Is Wed To Dr. Kenneth Belitz". The New York Times. September 29, 1986.
14. US Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (September 14, 1999). "Developing a repository safety strategy with special attention to model validation" (PDF). US Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 1, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
15. "Naomi Oreskes". Harvard Faculty Directory. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
16. ^ Oreskes, Naomi (December 3, 2004). "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Science. 306 (5702): 1686. doi:10.1126/science.1103618. PMID 15576594.
17. Oreskes, Naomi (January 21, 2005). "Beyond the Ivory Tower, The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (including corrections)" (PDF). Science. 306 (5702): 1686. doi:10.1126/science.1103618. PMID 15576594. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
18. Pielke, R. A.; Oreskes, N. (May 13, 2005). "Exchange of letters to Science" (PDF). Science. 308 (5724): 952–954. doi:10.1126/science.308.5724.952. PMID 15890861. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
19. Oreskes, Naomi (2007). "The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong?". In DiMento, Joseph F.; Doughman, Pamela (eds.). Climate Change. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04241-3. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
20. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway (2010). Merchants of Doubt, Bloomsbury Press, p. 6.
21. Rohr, Christian (2015). "Die Machiavellis der Wissenschaft. Das Netzwerk des Leugnens". Physik in Unserer Zeit. 46 (2): 100. doi:10.1002/piuz.201590021.
22. McKie, Robin (August 8, 2010). "Merchants of Doubt by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway". The Guardian. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
23. "The film that reveals how American 'experts' discredit climate scientists". The Guardian. March 15, 2015.
24. Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M.; Shindell, Matthew (Winter 2008). "From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge". Hist Stud Nat Sci. 38 (1): 109–152. doi:10.1525/hsns.2008.38.1.109] (inactive July 13, 2019).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2019 (link)
25. Template:Cite article
26. Gillis, Justin (June 15, 2015). "Naomi Oreskes, a Lightning Rod in a Changing Climate". New York Times. Profiles in Science.
27. Oreskes, Naomi (December 16, 2015). "There is a new form of climate denialism to look out for – so don't celebrate yet". The Guardian.
28. Hansen, James; Emanuel, Kerry; Caldeira, Ken; Wigley, Tom (December 3, 2015). "Nuclear power paves the only viable path forward on climate change". The Guardian.
29. Specter, Michael (December 18, 2015). "How Not to Debate Nuclear Energy and Climate Change". The New Yorker.
30. Stein, Daniel (October 1991). "Review: The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science by Naomi Oreskes". American Scientist.
31. Coakley, Bernard (August 2002). "Review: Upheaval from the Abyss by David M. Lawrence and Plate Tectonics edited by Naomi Oreskes and Homer Le Grand". American Scientist.
32. "The British Academy Medal". British Academy. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
33. "Mary C. Rabbit Award (History and Philosophy of Geology Division)". Geological Society of America. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
34. "Elected Members". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
35. "NAOMI ORESKES Fellow: Awarded 2018 Field of Study: History of Science, Technology and Economics". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
36. "Members". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
37. "Naomi Oreskes: Should Scientists Serve as Sentinels". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
38. "2016 Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication Bestowed Upon Dr. Naomi Oreskes". Climate One. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
39. "Johnson, Lozier, Meltzer, and Oreskes Receive 2016 Ambassador Awards". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
40. "Dr. Naomi Oreskes Receives 2016 Frederick Anderson Climate Change Award". Center for International Environmental Law. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
41. "Convocation and Guest Speaker". The Evergreen State College. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
42. "2015 Public Service Award Presented to Naomi Oreskes". Geological Society of America. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
43. "Ten Distinguished Scientists and Scholars Named Fellows of Committee for Skeptical Inquiry - CSI". www.csicop.org. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
44. "Historian of science Naomi Oreskes to present Patten Lectures at IU Bloomington". Indiana University. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
45. "AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION ANNOUNCES THE 2014 PRIZE WINNERS". American Historical Association. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
46. ""Why I Am a Presentist,"" (PDF). History of Science Society. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
47. "AGU Celebrates Leaders for Contributions to Policy and Public Awareness". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
48. "Seven Commencement Ceremonies at UC Riverside; Our Students Tell the Story". University of California, Riverside. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
49. "Historian and Scientist Naomi Oreskes and the Alliance for Climate Education Named 2011 Climate Change Communicators of the Year". www.climatechangecommunication.org. George Mason Center for Climate Change Communication. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
50. "PREVIOUS AWARDEES". Francis Bacon Award in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
51. "Annual UCSD Chancellor's Associates event fetes outstanding faculty members". university of california,san diego. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
52. ^ "The Scientific Consensus on Global Warming: How Do We Know We're Not Wrong?". Environmental Science Seminar Series. American Meteorological Society. June 20, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
53. "Historian Of Science, Naomi Oreskes, Presents AAAS Award Lecture on Topic of Proof and Consensus in Science" (Press release). University of California. February 11, 2004. Archived from the original on October 22, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
54. "Historian of Science Awarded 2002 American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship". History of Science Society. August 13, 2001. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
55. "Award Abstract #9357888 NSF Young Investigator". National Science Foundation. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
56. "Ritter Memorial Fellowship". Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
57. "Waldemar Lindgren Award". Society of Economic Geologists. Retrieved March 14, 2012.

External links

• Oreskes' home page at Harvard University
• Naomi Oreskes at IMDb
• Why we should believe in science. Lecture in TED-Salon, New York, May 2014.
• The Collapse of Western Civilization. The Science Show, ABC Radio National, 16 August 2014.
• SILA – The Competing Interests Shaping the Future of our Planet. Panel Discussion, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 18 March 2014. (Transcript.)

• Biography
• United States

• CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2019
• 1958 births
• Alumni of Imperial College London
• American non-fiction environmental writers
• Dartmouth College faculty
• Living people
• Harvard University faculty
• New York University faculty
• Stanford University alumni
• Stuyvesant High School alumni
• University of California, San Diego faculty
• Women earth scientists
• 20th-century American historians
• 21st-century American historians
• Historians of science
• American women historians
• Fellows of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
• Activists from California
• Historians from New York (state)
• 21st-century American women writers
• 20th-century American women writers
• Members of the American Philosophical Society