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| The '''Tidewater accent''', also known as '''Tidewater English''', '''Tidewater Dialect''' or the '''Chesapeake Accent''', is a specific ] of ]. While the dialect is said to have roots up and down the eastern seaboard, it is primarily concentrated in the southeastern part of ], otherwise known as the ]. This region consists of the ], parts of the ] of ], and Eastern ], as well as ] and ] ] and ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Boone|first=D. John|title=Secrets of the Tide: Tide and Tidal Current Analysis and Predictions, Storm Surges and Sea Level Trends|year=2004|publisher=Woodhead Publishing|isbn=978-1904275176|pages=1|url=http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-Tide-Current-Analysis-Predictions/dp/1904275176}}</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| ==History== | |||
| This dialect of American English has evolved over a period of four hundred years from the English that was spoken by those who initially settled the area. Given that language is an entity that is constantly changing,<ref>Lippi-Green, R. (1997). English with an Accent. New York, New York: Routledge.</ref> it is accurate to say that the English of the colonists was much different than any variety of English being spoken today. The colonists who initially settled the Tidewater area spoke a variety of English known as ]. (This is not to be confused with the form of English spoken today known as ] or Present-Day English, or with the English of ], which is ].) Even within Early Modern English, there was immense variation among its speakers.<ref>Wolfram, W, & Schilling-Estes, N. (2006). American English. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.</ref> This variation could have been due to several factors such as geographic location, social class, age, race, etc. within England itself. | |||
| ==Tangier== | |||
| While the dialect of the region has evolved and changed over time, it is worth noting a distinct other in the group. The dialect of the small isolated island of ] in the ] is significantly unique in that it seems relatively untouched by linguistic evolution. It has been hypothesized that this dialect is the closest resemblance there is to the dialect of the original colonists. Twelve miles from mainland Virginia, this tiny island was discovered in 1608 by ]; the island has always had a very low population. In 1800, the island had 79 inhabitants. It ballooned to 411 by 1860. The population peaked in 1930 at 1190, but has since dwindled back down to 604 in the 2000 census <ref>Shores, David L. (2000). Tangier Island: place, people, and talk. Cranbury, New Jersey. Associated University Presses.</ref> Given the island's geographic isolation and the fact that the island's population never really grew to a large number, the community was able to retain a significant amount of its native dialect. | |||
| ==Features of Tidewater English== | |||
| One of the traditional features of Tidewater English is that it is ]. This may be heard in such words as ''Norfolk'' pronounced by many natives as {{IPA-en|ˈnɔːfɪk|}}. Many visitors to the area may pronounce the city's name as {{IPA|/ˈnɜrfoʊk/}} or even {{IPA|/ˈnɜrfɪk/}}, the "l" being silent. The latter of these two is even appearing in younger generations native to the Tidewater area. | |||
| Another traditional feature of the area is the use of {{IPA-en|əʊ|}} for {{IPA-en|aʊ|}}.<ref name=Wolfram330>Wolfram (2006), p. 330</ref> For example, words such as "house" and "about" may be heard in the Tidewater area as "həuse" and "abəut" respectively, especially among older speakers. Given that there are over 2.8 million people in the area,<ref>{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref> it is difficult to account for all variants. Also, the area is home to several large military bases such as ], Little Creek Amphibious Base, Oceana Naval Station, and Dam Neck Naval Base. Since a significant portion of the area's inhabitants are actually natives of other areas, there is constant linguistic exposure to other dialects. This exposure could be a reason why the younger generations do not exhibit as many of the traditional variants. These variants can, however, still be found in the youth of the more rural areas of Tidewater as well as many of the adults throughout the Tidewater region. | |||
| ==Current projects== | |||
| There is currently a linguistic survey and study occurring in the Tidewater region. A project devised by ] Assistant Professor Dr. Bridget Anderson entitled ''Tidewater Voices: Conversations in Southeastern Virginia'' has recently{{when|date=October 2011}} been initiated in the area. In collecting oral histories from natives of the area, this study offers insight to not only specific history of the region, but also to linguistic phonetic variants native to the area as well. This linguistic survey is the first of its kind in nearly forty years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Watson |first=Denise |url=http://hamptonroads.com/2009/01/odu-team-records-areas-accent-english-deep-roots |title=ODU team records area's accent - English with 'deep roots' | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com |publisher=HamptonRoads.com |date=2009-01-22 |accessdate=2012-08-06}}</ref> The two variants being analyzed the most closely in this study are the {{IPA|/aʊ/}} diphthong as in ''house'' or ''brown'' and post-vocalic ''r''-lessness as in {{IPA|/ˈfɑːðə/}} for {{IPA|/ˈfɑːðər/}}. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| * Lippi-Green, Rosina. (1997). ''English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States''. New York: Routedge. | |||
| *Shores, David L. (2000). Tangier Island: place, people, and talk. Cranbury, New Jersey. Associated University Presses. | |||
| * Wolfram, W, & Schilling-Estes, N. (2006). American English. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{English dialects by continent}} | |||
| {{Languages of Maryland}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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