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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1587|the book|1587, a Year of No Significance}} {{Year dab|1587|the book|1587, a Year of No Significance}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2016}}
{{Year nav|1587}} {{Year nav|1587}}
], is executed for conspiring to assassinate Queen Elizabeth of England.]]
⚫ ] is opened.]]
{{C16 year in topic}} {{C16 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1587}}
⚫ ]: ] is opened.]]
'''1587''' (''']''') was a ] of the ] and a ] of the ]. As of the start of 1587, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.


== Events == == Events ==
⚫ === January–March ===
<onlyinclude>
* ] &ndash; Sir ] appoints ] to be the Governor of the ], to be established later in the year by English colonists on ] off the coast of what is now the U.S. state of ].<ref name=Lawler>Andrew Lawler, ''The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke'' (Doubleday, 2018) pp.90, 181-182</ref> White and 121 other colonists depart from Portsmouth on three ships on May 8 and arrive at Croatoan Island on July 22.
⚫ === January&ndash;June ===
* ] &ndash; In Japan, ] ] ends ] of the port of ] after six years. Omura Sumitada had leased the fishing village to Portuguese Jesuits on August 15, 1580. <ref>Charles Boxer, ''The Great Ship From Amacon: Annals of Macao and the Old Japan Trade, 1555-1640'' (Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, 1959) p. 50</ref>
⚫ * ] &ndash; Queen ] signs the death warrant of her cousin ], after Mary is implicated in a plot to murder Elizabeth. Seven days later, on the orders of Elizabeth's privy council, Mary is beheaded at ].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hugh Chisholm|author2=James Louis Garvin|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4dGAQAAIAAJ|year=1926|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited|page=823}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; (1st waxing of Tabaung 948 ME) King Nanda of Burma appoints his eldest son and heir apparent, ], as Viceroy of Ava, now part of upper Burma, with a capital at ] (located in what is now the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.
⚫ * ]–] &ndash; Period of exceptionally severe cold in western Europe.<ref>{{cite book|first=Cornelius|last=Easton|title=Les hivers dans l'Europe occidentale: étude statistique et historique sur leur température, discussion des observations thermométriques, 1852–1916 et 1757–1851, tableaux comparatifs, classifications des hivers, 1205–1916, notices historiques sur les hivers remarquables|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1928|page=98}}</ref>
⚫ * ] &ndash; ], the monarch of Scotland from 1542 to 1567, is beheaded in front of 300 witnesses at ], seven days after the signing of a ] by her cousin, ]. Mary had been convicted of treason for her role in the ], a conspiracy to overthrow the English government and to assassinate Elizabeth.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hugh Chisholm|author2=James Louis Garvin|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4dGAQAAIAAJ|year=1926|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited|page=823}}</ref>
⚫ * ] &ndash; A period of exceptionally severe cold begins in western Europe and lasts until February 24.<ref>{{cite book|first=Cornelius|last=Easton|title=Les hivers dans l'Europe occidentale: étude statistique et historique sur leur température, discussion des observations thermométriques, 1852–1916 et 1757–1851, tableaux comparatifs, classifications des hivers, 1205–1916, notices historiques sur les hivers remarquables|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1928|page=98}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], a member of the English Parliament, is imprisoned in the ] after presenting a Puritan revision of the Anglican '']'' to the Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir ].<ref>{{cite ODNB|title=Cope, Sir Anthony|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6251?docPos=2| date=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6251 |access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> He is released on March 23.
* ] &ndash; In west Africa, ] becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo, with a capital at ] in what is now the city of M'banza-Kongo in the northern part of the Republic of Angola, and including parts of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Alvaro II claims the throne upon the dath of his father, ].
* ] &ndash; English privateer accepts a commission from the Kingdom to disrupt Spanish freighters trading with Italy.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* ] &ndash; (14th waxing of Kason 949 ME) ]: Burma's siege of ] (now in ]), capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, fails after six months as the troops of Burma's King ] begin their withdrawal.<ref>''Maha Yazawin'' (2006) p. 97</ref>
* ] &ndash; '']'': On an expedition against Spain, English ] Sir ] leads a raid in the ], sinking at least 23 ships of the Spanish fleet. * ] &ndash; '']'': On an expedition against Spain, English ] Sir ] leads a raid in the ], sinking at least 23 ships of the Spanish fleet.
* ] &ndash; The second expedition to establish an English colony at ] in North America departs from England with two ships, supplies, and 121 people under the command of John White.<ref>David B. Quinn, ''Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584–1606'' (University of North Carolina Press) pp268-269</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] sets out from ], for a third attempt to find the ]. * ] &ndash; ] sets out from ], for a third attempt to find the ].
* ] &ndash; (Tensho 15, 6th day of 5th month); Most of ] is surrendered to ] by Yoshihisa Shimazu, 32 days after Hideyoshi's ] began (on the 3rd day of the 4th month). Hideyoshi follows on July 24 (19th day of the 6th month of Tensho 15) with an order banishing all European Christian missionaries from the province.
* ] &ndash; ] becomes the new Pontiff of the Coptic Christian Church in Egypt, being enthroned as Pope Gabriel VIII and filling a vacancy that had existed for nine months since the death of Pope John XIV of Alexandria. Gabriel will reign until his death on May 14, 1603.


=== July&ndash;December === === July&ndash;September ===
* ] &ndash; ]: A group of English settlers arrive on ] off of ], to re-establish the deserted colony.<ref>{{cite book|author=Travis Elborough|title=Atlas of Vanishing Places: The lost worlds as they were and as they are today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqOfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|date=17 September 2019|publisher=White Lion Publishing|isbn=978-1-78131-895-9|pages=79}}</ref> * ] &ndash; ]: A group of English settlers arrive on ] off ], to re-establish the deserted colony.<ref>{{cite book|author=Travis Elborough|title=Atlas of Vanishing Places: The lost worlds as they were and as they are today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqOfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|date=17 September 2019|publisher=White Lion Publishing|isbn=978-1-78131-895-9|pages=79}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; According to legend, ] is named king of Poland; he is deposed the following day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XspAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA566 |title=Medieval Jewish Statesman|last=Wasserzug|first=D.|year=1904|work=New Era Illustrated Magazine|pages=564–574|access-date=4 October 2010}}</ref> * ] &ndash; According to legend, ] is named king of Poland; he is deposed the following day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XspAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA566 |title=Medieval Jewish Statesman|last=Wasserzug|first=D.|year=1904|work=New Era Illustrated Magazine|pages=564–574|access-date=4 October 2010}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] and ]n nobles elect ] as their king.<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Nisbet Bain|title=Slavonic Europe: A Political History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi3IFuapWOwC&pg=PA102|date=13 June 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-63691-0|pages=102}}</ref> * ] &ndash; ] and ]n nobles elect ], King of Sweden, as the ruler of the after the death in December of the previous King of Poland and Duke of Lithuania, ].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Nisbet Bain|title=Slavonic Europe: A Political History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi3IFuapWOwC&pg=PA102|date=13 June 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-63691-0|pages=102}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; A small group of nobles who oppose Sigismund Vasa as King vote to proclaim ], as ruler of the ], a decision supported by the ], ]. The divide begins the ].<ref>Daniel Stone, ''The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795'' (University of Washington Press, 2001) pp. 131–132</ref>
* ] &ndash; Governor John White leaves the ] to get more supplies from ]. * ] &ndash; Governor John White leaves the ] to get more supplies from ].
* ] &ndash; In the ] (now part of ]), the faculty at the ] publishes a condemnation of the 34 propositions drawn up by the ] scholar ], leading to a campaign by traditional Belgian Catholics against the Jesuits.<ref>"Congregatio de Auxiliis", by Antonio Astrain, ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (Robert Appleton Company, 1913)</ref>
⚫ * ] &ndash; ] succeeds as ] of ].<ref>{{cite book|title=]|isbn=0-550-18022-2|page=1}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; In Italy, the coronation of ] as ] takes place.
* ] &ndash; At ] in what is now the ], ] of ] signs an oath of allegiance to ], the ].<ref>W.E.D. Allen, ''Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings (1589-1605)'' (Cambridge University Press, 1970) pp.60-61</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
⚫ * ] &ndash; ] succeeds as ] of ].<ref>{{cite book|title=]|isbn=0-550-18022-2|page=1|last1=Thorne |first1=J. O. |last2=Collocott |first2=T. C. |year=1984|publisher=Chambers }}</ref>
* ] &ndash; Sigismund Vasa and a fleet of Swedish ships land in Poland to confront an invasion by Maximilian III and an Austrian Army.<ref>Józef Szujski, ''Dzieła Józefa Szujskiego: Dzieje Polski'' (in Polish). Vol. 3. Kraków: (Szujski-Kluczycki, 1894) pp.139-140</ref>
* ] &ndash; ]: Archduke Maximilian of Austria begins the ], while ], ] of the Polish Army, begins the defense of the city.
* ] &ndash; ]: The first ] in North America land in Morro Bay, near San Luis Obispo in modern-day California. * ] &ndash; ]: The first ] in North America land in Morro Bay, near San Luis Obispo in modern-day California.
* ] &ndash; ]: ] forces under ] defeat Royalist forces under ], favorite of ]; Joyeuse is killed. * ] &ndash; ]: ] forces under ] defeat Royalist forces under ], favorite of ]; Joyeuse is killed.
* ] &ndash; ] opens its doors, after its founding in ]. * ] &ndash; ] opens its doors, after its founding in ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Elfriede Hulshoff Pol|title=The First Century of Leiden University Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ns03AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA402|year=1975|publisher=Brill Archive|page=402}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; During the circumnavigation of the world by ], the English ships capture the Spanish galleon ''Santa Ana'' and its treasure of 100 ] of gold (worth 122,000 Spanish pesos) and a total treasure worth 2.1 million pesos.<ref>Joyce E. Chaplin, ''Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit'' (Simon and Schuster, 2013) pp.63-64</ref>
* ] &ndash; In Italy, ] is elected to a two-year term as the new ] of the ] in a vote by the Grand Council of the Republic.<ref>Sergio Buonadonna and Mario Marcenaro, ''Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797'' (De Ferrari Editore, 2000)</ref>
* ] &ndash; A final Austrian attack on Kraków by Archduke Maximilian III is repelled by the Polish defenders.
* ] &ndash; Maximilian III withdraws his forces and the siege of Kraków ends.
* ] &ndash; ] is formally crowned as King Zygmunt Waza of Poland and Duke of Lithuania in a coronation ceremony at ].<ref>"Sigismund III, 1587-1632", by F. Nowak, in ''The Cambridge History of Poland: From the Origins to 1696'' (Cambridge University Press, 1950) pp. 452–453</ref>


=== Date unknown === === Date unknown ===
* ] becomes ] of Japan and concludes the ] with the ] at which most of ] is surrendered to him; he banishes European Christian missionaries from the province.
* A severe famine breaks out in ] China. * A severe famine breaks out in ] China.
* ] is founded in London by ]. * ] is founded in London by ].
* The ] '']'', printed by ] in ], is the first published version of the ] story. * The ] '']'', printed by ] in ], is the first published version of the ] story.
* ]'s ''De Arte Natandi'', the first treatise on ] in England, is published. * ]'s ''De Arte Natandi'', the first treatise on ] in England, is published.
* ] is established.</onlyinclude> * ] is established.
* ], an island in the ], is separated from the grand parish of Saloinen into an independent parish.<ref> (in Finnish)</ref><ref> (in Finnish)</ref>


== Births == == Births ==
Line 61: Line 84:
* ] &ndash; ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Dutch painter (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Dutch painter (d. ])
*May - ], ] ] painter (died ])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Wouter T. Kloek|author2= Hessel Miedema|author3=J. Bruyn|author4=Christian Schuckman|title=Dawn of the Golden Age: Northern Netherlandish Art, 1580-1620|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKPy1pt2H-wC&pg=PA320|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Rijksmuseum|isbn=978-0-300-06016-4|pages=320}}</ref> * May &ndash; ], ] ] painter (died ])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Wouter T. Kloek|author2= Hessel Miedema|author3=J. Bruyn|author4=Christian Schuckman|title=Dawn of the Golden Age: Northern Netherlandish Art, 1580-1620|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKPy1pt2H-wC&pg=PA320|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Rijksmuseum|isbn=978-0-300-06016-4|pages=320}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], English noblewoman (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], English noblewoman (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], skipper in the Dutch East India Company (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], skipper in the Dutch East India Company (d. ])
Line 77: Line 100:
* ] &ndash; ], administrator of bishoprics of Magdeburg and Halberstadt (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], administrator of bishoprics of Magdeburg and Halberstadt (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Spanish general (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Spanish general (d. ])
* ] &ndash; Countess ], Landgravine of Hesse-kassel (d. ]) * ] &ndash; Countess ], Landgravine of Hesse-kassel (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Italian composer<ref>{{cite book|author=Ronald James Alexander|title=The Secular Monodies of Francesca Caccini's "Il Primo Libro Delle Musiche" Edition and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4k8cDEOZ0Z4C|year=1989|publisher=U. of Calif., Davis|page=1}}</ref> * ] &ndash; ], Italian composer<ref>{{cite book|author=Ronald James Alexander|title=The Secular Monodies of Francesca Caccini's "Il Primo Libro Delle Musiche" Edition and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4k8cDEOZ0Z4C|year=1989|publisher=U. of Calif., Davis|page=1}}</ref>
* ] * ]
Line 116: Line 139:
* ] &ndash; ], princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Countess of Lippe by birth, and Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Countess of Lippe by birth, and Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German theologian (b. ])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Samuel Macauley Jackson|author2=Lefferts Augustine Loetscher|title=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Embracing Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology, and Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Biography from the Earliest Times to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpLYAAAAMAAJ|year=1949|publisher=Baker|page=235}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], German theologian (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], English statesman (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], English statesman (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
Line 125: Line 148:
* ] &ndash; ], German physician (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], German physician (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Duke of Courland and Semigallia (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Duke of Courland and Semigallia (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (b. {{circa|1515}})<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Borbone| first1=Pier Giorgio|date=2017|chapter=From Tur 'Abdin to Rome: the Syro-Orthodox presence in Sixteenth-Century Rome|title=Syriac in its Multi-cultural Context: First International Syriac Studies Symposium|publisher=Peeters|page=283|editor1=Herman Teule|editor2=Elif Keser-Kayaalp|editor3= Kutlu Akalin|editor4=Nesim Dorum|editor5=M. Sait Toprak}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], Japanese Christian daimyō (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Japanese Christian daimyō (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
Line 131: Line 155:
* ] &ndash; ], Dutch ] friar and bishop (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Dutch ] friar and bishop (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Italian composer (b. c. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Italian composer (b. c. ])<ref>"Vincenzo Bellavere," in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. {{ISBN|1-56159-174-2}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], English politician and baron (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], English politician and baron (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Scottish secular priest and martyr (b.c. ])<ref name="Watkins2015">{{cite book|author=Basil Watkins|title=The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kE6TCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196|date=19 November 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-0-567-66456-3|pages=196–}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], Belgian bishop (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Belgian bishop (b. ])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Charles George Herbermann|author2=Edward Aloysius Pace|author3=Condé Bénoist Pallen|title=The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQkjAQAAIAAJ|year=1913|publisher=Encyclopedia Press|page=435|language=en}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Duke of Joyeuse, French commander, (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Italian nobleman (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Italian nobleman (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Japanese warlord (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Japanese warlord (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Ming Dynasty "model official" (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Ming Dynasty "model official" (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German jurist and statesman (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], German jurist and statesman (b. ])
* ''date unknown'' * ''date unknown''

Latest revision as of 04:51, 23 November 2024

This article is about the year 1587. For the book, see 1587, a Year of No Significance. Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
February 8: Mary, the former Queen of Scotland, is executed for conspiring to assassinate Queen Elizabeth of England.
October 31: Leiden University Library is opened.
1587 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1587 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1587
MDLXXXVII
Ab urbe condita2340
Armenian calendar1036
ԹՎ ՌԼԶ
Assyrian calendar6337
Balinese saka calendar1508–1509
Bengali calendar994
Berber calendar2537
English Regnal year29 Eliz. 1 – 30 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2131
Burmese calendar949
Byzantine calendar7095–7096
Chinese calendar丙戌年 (Fire Dog)
4284 or 4077
    — to —
丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
4285 or 4078
Coptic calendar1303–1304
Discordian calendar2753
Ethiopian calendar1579–1580
Hebrew calendar5347–5348
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1643–1644
 - Shaka Samvat1508–1509
 - Kali Yuga4687–4688
Holocene calendar11587
Igbo calendar587–588
Iranian calendar965–966
Islamic calendar995–996
Japanese calendarTenshō 15
(天正１５年)
Javanese calendar1506–1507
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3920
Minguo calendar325 before ROC
民前325年
Nanakshahi calendar119
Thai solar calendar2129–2130
Tibetan calendar阳火狗年
(male Fire-Dog)
1713 or 1332 or 560
    — to —
阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1714 or 1333 or 561

1587 (MDLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1587th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 587th year of the 2nd millennium, the 87th year of the 16th century, and the 8th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1587, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Calendar year

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Gabriel Gustafsson Oxenstierna
Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger

Deaths

Juraj Drašković
Mary, Queen of Scots
Ralph Sadler
Godfried van Mierlo
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

References

  1. Andrew Lawler, The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke (Doubleday, 2018) pp.90, 181-182
  2. Charles Boxer, The Great Ship From Amacon: Annals of Macao and the Old Japan Trade, 1555-1640 (Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, 1959) p. 50
  3. Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 823.
  4. Easton, Cornelius (1928). Les hivers dans l'Europe occidentale: étude statistique et historique sur leur température, discussion des observations thermométriques, 1852–1916 et 1757–1851, tableaux comparatifs, classifications des hivers, 1205–1916, notices historiques sur les hivers remarquables. Brill Archive. p. 98.
  5. "Cope, Sir Anthony". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6251. Retrieved 30 October 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. Maha Yazawin (2006) p. 97
  7. David B. Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584–1606 (University of North Carolina Press) pp268-269
  8. Travis Elborough (17 September 2019). Atlas of Vanishing Places: The lost worlds as they were and as they are today. White Lion Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-78131-895-9.
  9. Wasserzug, D. (1904). "Medieval Jewish Statesman". New Era Illustrated Magazine. pp. 564–574. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  10. R. Nisbet Bain (13 June 2013). Slavonic Europe: A Political History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-107-63691-0.
  11. Daniel Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795 (University of Washington Press, 2001) pp. 131–132
  12. "Congregatio de Auxiliis", by Antonio Astrain, The Catholic Encyclopedia (Robert Appleton Company, 1913)
  13. W.E.D. Allen, Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings (1589-1605) (Cambridge University Press, 1970) pp.60-61
  14. Thorne, J. O.; Collocott, T. C. (1984). Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Chambers. p. 1. ISBN 0-550-18022-2.
  15. Józef Szujski, Dzieła Józefa Szujskiego: Dzieje Polski (in Polish). Vol. 3. Kraków: (Szujski-Kluczycki, 1894) pp.139-140
  16. Elfriede Hulshoff Pol (1975). The First Century of Leiden University Library. Brill Archive. p. 402.
  17. Joyce E. Chaplin, Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit (Simon and Schuster, 2013) pp.63-64
  18. Sergio Buonadonna and Mario Marcenaro, Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797 (De Ferrari Editore, 2000)
  19. "Sigismund III, 1587-1632", by F. Nowak, in The Cambridge History of Poland: From the Origins to 1696 (Cambridge University Press, 1950) pp. 452–453
  20. Hailuodon historia – Luontoon (in Finnish)
  21. Paimenmuisto: Hailuoto (Carlö, Karlö) – Kansallisbiografia (in Finnish)
  22. Abraham van der Haagen in the RKD
  23. Wouter T. Kloek; Hessel Miedema; J. Bruyn; Christian Schuckman (1 January 1993). Dawn of the Golden Age: Northern Netherlandish Art, 1580-1620. Rijksmuseum. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-300-06016-4.
  24. Ronald James Alexander (1989). The Secular Monodies of Francesca Caccini's "Il Primo Libro Delle Musiche" Edition and Commentary. U. of Calif., Davis. p. 1.
  25. Patrick Bonner (1 February 2011). Change and Continuity in Early Modern Cosmology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 171. ISBN 978-94-007-0037-6.
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