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{{short description|German scientist and artist}} {{Short description|German scientist and artist (1892–1976)}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
|name = Franz Hein |name = Franz Hein
|image = Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61823-0004,_Forschungsstelle_für_Komplexchemie_der_Deutschen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_zu_Berlin.jpg
|image =
|image_size = |image_size =
|caption = Franz Hein |caption = Franz Hein with Erhard Kurras in 1959
|birth_date = {{birth date|1892|6|30|df=y}} |birth_date = {{birth date|1892|6|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = ], ] |birth_place = ], ]
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|religion = |religion =
|footnotes = |footnotes =
}}'''Franz Hein''' (30 June 1892 – 26 February 1976) was a German scientist and artist. }}'''Franz Hein''' (30 June 1892 – 26 February 1976) was a German chemist and professor. He specialized in the chemistry of organic chromium and other metal compounds. He was the son of the artist Franz Johann Erich Hein (1863–1927).


==History== ==History==
Franz Hein was born in ] (Baden), Germany. His high school years were spent in ], as well as, his college years at the ]. Hein completed his Ph.D. in 1917 on optical studies of ] and ] derivatives. Hein made ''Assistant'' at the University and in 1920 ''Oberassistent''. He continued working on his ''Habilitation'' becoming a professor in 1923.<ref>{{cite journal | author = D. Seyferth | title = Bis(benzene)chromium. 1. Franz Hein at the University of Leipzig and Harold Zeiss and Minoru Tsutsui at Yale | year = 2002 | journal = ] | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 1520–1530 | doi = 10.1021/om0201056 | doi-access = free }}</ref> With the completion of his ''Habilitation'', Hein went to work on organometallic system electrochemistry.<ref>(a) Hein, F. Z. ''Elektrochem''. '''1922''', ''28'', 469. (b) Hein, F.; Wagler, K.; Segitz, F. A.; Petzschner, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1924''', ''141'', 161. (c) Hein, F.; Meininger, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1925''', ''145'', 95. (d) Hein, F.; Segitz, F. A. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1926''', ''158'', 153. (e) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1930''', ''149'', 408. (f) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1930''', ''151'', 234. (g) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. ''Elektrochem.'' '''1932''', ''38'', 25. (h) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1933''', ''165'', 338.</ref> Franz Hein was born in ] (Baden), Germany. His high school years were spent in ], where his father Franz Johann Erich Hein (1863–1927) was an artist and teacher.<ref>{{cite book |author=Theilmann, Rudolf |url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail/-/Detail/details/PERSON/kgl_biographien/116658509/biografie |title=Badische Biographien. NF 3 |year=1990 |pages=121–123 |chapter=Hein, Franz Johann Erich}}</ref> He then went to the ] in 1912. Hein completed his Ph.D. in 1917 under Arthur Hantzsch (1857-1935) on optical studies of ] and ] derivatives. Hein made ''Assistant'' at the university and in 1920 ''Oberassistent''. He continued working on his ''Habilitation'' becoming a professor in 1923.<ref>{{cite journal | author = D. Seyferth | title = Bis(benzene)chromium. 1. Franz Hein at the University of Leipzig and Harold Zeiss and Minoru Tsutsui at Yale | year = 2002 | journal = ] | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 1520–1530 | doi = 10.1021/om0201056 | doi-access = free }}</ref> With the completion of his ''Habilitation'', Hein went to work on organometallic system electrochemistry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oesper |first=Ralph E. |date=1953 |title=Franz Hein |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed030p313 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=313 |doi=10.1021/ed030p313 |issn=0021-9584}}</ref><ref>(a) Hein, F. Z. ''Elektrochem''. '''1922''', ''28'', 469. (b) Hein, F.; Wagler, K.; Segitz, F. A.; Petzschner, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1924''', ''141'', 161. (c) Hein, F.; Meininger, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1925''', ''145'', 95. (d) Hein, F.; Segitz, F. A. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1926''', ''158'', 153. (e) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1930''', ''149'', 408. (f) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1930''', ''151'', 234. (g) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. ''Elektrochem.'' '''1932''', ''38'', 25. (h) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. ''Phys. Chem.'' '''1933''', ''165'', 338.</ref>


In 1933, Hein signed the '']''. In 1933, Hein signed the '']''.


From 1941 to 1965, Hein worked on main-group-metal derivatives of metal carbonyls.<ref>(a) Hein, F.; Pobloth, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1941''', ''248'', 84. (b) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1942''', ''249'', 293. (c) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1947''', ''254'', 138. (d) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1947''', ''255'', 125. (e) Hein, F.; Scheiter, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1949''', ''259'', 183. (f) Hein, F.; Kleinert, P.; Jehn, W. ''Naturwissenschaften'' '''1957''', ''44'', 34. (g) Hein, F.; Jehn, W. ''Liebigs Ann. Chem.'' '''1965''', ''684'', 4.</ref> After 1942, he moved from Leipzig to the ] where he became the Director of the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry. War came in March 1945 and the University was destroyed. Hein came back to help rebuild towards the end of 1946. Until his retirement, he held a position as a chair in inorganic chemistry until 1959. From 1941 to 1965, Hein worked on main-group-metal derivatives of metal carbonyls.<ref>(a) Hein, F.; Pobloth, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1941''', ''248'', 84. (b) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1942''', ''249'', 293. (c) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1947''', ''254'', 138. (d) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1947''', ''255'', 125. (e) Hein, F.; Scheiter, H. Z. ''Anorg. Allg. Chem.'' '''1949''', ''259'', 183. (f) Hein, F.; Kleinert, P.; Jehn, W. ''Naturwissenschaften'' '''1957''', ''44'', 34. (g) Hein, F.; Jehn, W. ''Liebigs Ann. Chem.'' '''1965''', ''684'', 4.</ref> After 1942, he moved from Leipzig to the ] where he became the director of the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry. War came in March 1945 and the university was destroyed. Hein came back to help rebuild towards the end of 1946. He declined an offer at the University of Leipzig in 1949.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oesper |first=Ralph E. |date=1953 |title=Franz Hein |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed030p313 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=313 |doi=10.1021/ed030p313 |issn=0021-9584}}</ref> Until his retirement, he held a position as a chair in inorganic chemistry until 1959.


==Phenylchromium compounds== ==Phenylchromium compounds==
With the reaction of anhydrous ] (CrCl<sub>3</sub>) and ] (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>MgBr), Hein created a mixture of compounds. He was able to produce what he called phenylmagnesium salts. Hein denoted them as: (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CrX,<ref>Hein, F. ''Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'' '''1919''', 52, 192.</ref> (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CrX,<ref>{{cite journal | author = ] | title = Alkyls And Aryls of Transition Metals | year = 1955 | journal = ] | volume = 55 | issue = 3 | pages = 551–594 | doi = 10.1021/cr50003a003}}</ref> and (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CrX.<ref>Oesper, R.E. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' '''1953''', 30, 315.</ref> However, it was later found that the correct structures were of ] type complexes and based on biphenyl not phenyl. The discovery of ] and the research done by Zeiss, Tsutsui, and others lead to this structure determination. With the reaction of anhydrous ] (CrCl<sub>3</sub>) and ] (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>MgBr), Hein created a mixture of compounds. He was able to produce what he called phenylmagnesium salts. Hein denoted them as: (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CrX,<ref>Hein, F. ''Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'' '''1919''', 52, 192.</ref> (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CrX,<ref>{{cite journal | author = ] | title = Alkyls And Aryls of Transition Metals | year = 1955 | journal = ] | volume = 55 | issue = 3 | pages = 551–594 | doi = 10.1021/cr50003a003}}</ref> and (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CrX.<ref>Oesper, R.E. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' '''1953''', 30, 315.</ref> However, it was later found that the correct structures were of ] type complexes and based on biphenyl not phenyl. The discovery of ] and the research done by Zeiss, Tsutsui, and others lead to this structure determination.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jolly |first=Peter W. |date=1996 |title=From Hein to Hexene: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Organochromium π-Complexes |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9502588 |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |language=en |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=544–551 |doi=10.1021/ar9502588 |issn=0001-4842}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Reinald |last2=Görls |first2=Helmar |last3=Suxdorf |first3=Regina |last4=Westerhausen |first4=Matthias |date=2020 |title=Phenylchromium(III) Chemistry Revisited 100 Years after Franz Hein (Part II): From Li n CrPh 3+ n (thf) x ( n = 1, 2, 3) to Dimeric Triphenylchromate(II) Complexes |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00602 |journal=Organometallics |language=en |volume=39 |issue=21 |pages=3892–3905 |doi=10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00602 |issn=0276-7333}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seyferth |first=Dietmar |date=2002 |title=Bis(benzene)chromium. 1. Franz Hein at the University of Leipzig and Harold Zeiss and Minoru Tsutsui at Yale |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om0201056 |journal=Organometallics |language=en |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=1520–1530 |doi=10.1021/om0201056 |issn=0276-7333}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Reinald |last2=Görls |first2=Helmar |last3=Suxdorf |first3=Regina |last4=Westerhausen |first4=Matthias |date=2019 |title=Phenylchromium(III) Chemistry Revisited 100 Years after Franz Hein (Part I) |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00811 |journal=Organometallics |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=498–511 |doi=10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00811 |issn=0276-7333}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
{{See also|Franz Hein (disambiguation)|Hein (surname)|Hein (disambiguation)}}


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 15:24, 2 February 2024

German scientist and artist (1892–1976)
Franz Hein
Franz Hein with Erhard Kurras in 1959
Born(1892-06-30)30 June 1892
Grötzingen, Germany
Died26 February 1976(1976-02-26) (aged 83)
Radebeul, Germany
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Leipzig
Scientific career
Doctoral advisorArthur Rudolf Hantzsch

Franz Hein (30 June 1892 – 26 February 1976) was a German chemist and professor. He specialized in the chemistry of organic chromium and other metal compounds. He was the son of the artist Franz Johann Erich Hein (1863–1927).

History

Franz Hein was born in Grötzingen (Baden), Germany. His high school years were spent in Leipzig, where his father Franz Johann Erich Hein (1863–1927) was an artist and teacher. He then went to the University of Leipzig in 1912. Hein completed his Ph.D. in 1917 under Arthur Hantzsch (1857-1935) on optical studies of bismuth and triphenylmethane derivatives. Hein made Assistant at the university and in 1920 Oberassistent. He continued working on his Habilitation becoming a professor in 1923. With the completion of his Habilitation, Hein went to work on organometallic system electrochemistry.

In 1933, Hein signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.

From 1941 to 1965, Hein worked on main-group-metal derivatives of metal carbonyls. After 1942, he moved from Leipzig to the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena where he became the director of the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry. War came in March 1945 and the university was destroyed. Hein came back to help rebuild towards the end of 1946. He declined an offer at the University of Leipzig in 1949. Until his retirement, he held a position as a chair in inorganic chemistry until 1959.

Phenylchromium compounds

With the reaction of anhydrous chromium(III) chloride (CrCl3) and phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr), Hein created a mixture of compounds. He was able to produce what he called phenylmagnesium salts. Hein denoted them as: (C6H5)5CrX, (C6H5)4CrX, and (C6H5)3CrX. However, it was later found that the correct structures were of sandwich compound type complexes and based on biphenyl not phenyl. The discovery of ferrocene and the research done by Zeiss, Tsutsui, and others lead to this structure determination.

See also

References

  1. Theilmann, Rudolf (1990). "Hein, Franz Johann Erich". Badische Biographien. NF 3. pp. 121–123.
  2. D. Seyferth (2002). "Bis(benzene)chromium. 1. Franz Hein at the University of Leipzig and Harold Zeiss and Minoru Tsutsui at Yale". Organometallics. 21 (8): 1520–1530. doi:10.1021/om0201056.
  3. Oesper, Ralph E. (1953). "Franz Hein". Journal of Chemical Education. 30 (6): 313. doi:10.1021/ed030p313. ISSN 0021-9584.
  4. (a) Hein, F. Z. Elektrochem. 1922, 28, 469. (b) Hein, F.; Wagler, K.; Segitz, F. A.; Petzschner, E. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1924, 141, 161. (c) Hein, F.; Meininger, H. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1925, 145, 95. (d) Hein, F.; Segitz, F. A. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1926, 158, 153. (e) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. Phys. Chem. 1930, 149, 408. (f) Hein, F.; Schramm, H. Z. Phys. Chem. 1930, 151, 234. (g) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. Elektrochem. 1932, 38, 25. (h) Hein, F.; Pauling, H. Z. Phys. Chem. 1933, 165, 338.
  5. (a) Hein, F.; Pobloth, H. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1941, 248, 84. (b) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1942, 249, 293. (c) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1947, 254, 138. (d) Hein, F.; Heuser, E. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1947, 255, 125. (e) Hein, F.; Scheiter, H. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1949, 259, 183. (f) Hein, F.; Kleinert, P.; Jehn, W. Naturwissenschaften 1957, 44, 34. (g) Hein, F.; Jehn, W. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1965, 684, 4.
  6. Oesper, Ralph E. (1953). "Franz Hein". Journal of Chemical Education. 30 (6): 313. doi:10.1021/ed030p313. ISSN 0021-9584.
  7. Hein, F. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1919, 52, 192.
  8. F. A. Cotton (1955). "Alkyls And Aryls of Transition Metals". Chem. Rev. 55 (3): 551–594. doi:10.1021/cr50003a003.
  9. Oesper, R.E. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 315.
  10. Jolly, Peter W. (1996). "From Hein to Hexene: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Organochromium π-Complexes". Accounts of Chemical Research. 29 (11): 544–551. doi:10.1021/ar9502588. ISSN 0001-4842.
  11. Fischer, Reinald; Görls, Helmar; Suxdorf, Regina; Westerhausen, Matthias (2020). "Phenylchromium(III) Chemistry Revisited 100 Years after Franz Hein (Part II): From Li n CrPh 3+ n (thf) x ( n = 1, 2, 3) to Dimeric Triphenylchromate(II) Complexes". Organometallics. 39 (21): 3892–3905. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00602. ISSN 0276-7333.
  12. Seyferth, Dietmar (2002). "Bis(benzene)chromium. 1. Franz Hein at the University of Leipzig and Harold Zeiss and Minoru Tsutsui at Yale". Organometallics. 21 (8): 1520–1530. doi:10.1021/om0201056. ISSN 0276-7333.
  13. Fischer, Reinald; Görls, Helmar; Suxdorf, Regina; Westerhausen, Matthias (2019). "Phenylchromium(III) Chemistry Revisited 100 Years after Franz Hein (Part I)". Organometallics. 38 (2): 498–511. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00811. ISSN 0276-7333.
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