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| {{Short description|Hindu village deity}} | |||
| {{nofootnotes|date=August 2020}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} | ||
| {{Infobox deity<!--Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Tamil God mythology--> | |||
| {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} | |||
| | type = Hindu | |||
| | image = Sudalai madan 2022.jpg | |||
| | god_of = | |||
| ⚫ | | name = Sudalai Madan | ||
| | abode = Cremation grounds, chariot streets, temple towers | |||
| | siblings = ], ] | |||
| | affiliation = ], ] | |||
| | weapon = ] (discus), ] (conch shell), ] (trident), ], Bow and Arrow, ] and Shield, ] (bell) Vallayam (Spear) | |||
| | mount = ] | |||
| | festivals = Tiruvila, ], Padukaii, ], Karakaattam, Maguda Kacherii, ], ], Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) | |||
| | consort = Madathi | |||
| | caption = Idols of Sudalai Madan and his consort | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Sudalai Madan''' is a rural ] worshipped predominantly in South India. He is regarded as a ] ( |
'''Sudalai Madan''' (IAST: {{IAST|Cutalai Mādan}}) {{Literal translation|cremation ground chief}} is a rural ] deity worshipped predominantly in ], particularly in the districts of ], ], ], ], ], and ]. He is considered by adherents to be a son of the ] ] and ]. He seems to have originated in some ancestral guardian spirit of the villages or communities in ], in a similar manner as ]. He is regarded as a ] (guardian deity) who protects people against evil forces. Sudalai Madan is also called Madan thampuran, Chudala madan, or simply as Madan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=C |first=Maadhava Anusuyaa |title=HISTORY AND IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF MYTHS SURROUNDING SUDALAI MADAN |url=https://www.academia.edu/13909478}}</ref> | ||
| Shiva is said to have created him and given him the name Sudalai Madan as the protector against evil forces, emanating from cemeteries and ] (''sudalai''). He is usually found with mother goddess ], Brahmashakti Amman, and Sudalai Mundan. Madathi is his consort. | |||
| Sudalai is the guardian of the ''kodimaram'' ( |
Sudalai is the guardian of the '']'' (flagstaff) in several temples and also a kuladeivam(god) of folk lore peoples. | ||
| == |
== Legend == | ||
| The tale of Sudalai Madan originates from the ] of South India. The goddess ] wishes to have a child; her husband ] suggests that she perform ] to gain the same. Accordingly, Parvati pleases Shiva by her penance at the Ayiramkal Mandapam at ], the celestial abode of Shiva. He plucks a lock of hair, which started to burn as soon as he throws it. The fire spreads to her {{transl|hi|mundanai}} (a part of the '']''). From the fire, Sudalai Madan is born. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| * Pozhikarai Village (popularly known as Pozhikarai Mayandi) on the banks of river ] | |||
| Parvati initially feeds the child with '']'' (the nectar of immortality) instead of breast milk, making him immortal. The child desires solid food. He goes to the cremation grounds (''sudalai'') on Kailasha, and begins to eat the burning corpses. Since he had such a fondness for meat, Shiva instructs him to go to earth and protect humans. Offerings of cooked food and drink are expected be offered to him, seeking his favour. | |||
| *Sirumalanchi near Valliyor in ] | |||
| *Arulmigu Shri Sudalai Eswarar Thirukovil, Maramangalam,Thoothukudi.(மாரமங்கலம் அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ சுடலை ஈஸ்வரர் திருக்கோவில்) | |||
| ⚫ | ==Worship== | ||
| * Arulmigu Shri. Vannara Sudalai Madaswamy, Surandai, ], ] | |||
| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickey |first=Sara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNR2DAAAQBAJ&dq=sudalai+madan+god+cremation&pg=PA203 |title=Living Class in Urban India |date=2016-07-14 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-8394-5 |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref> Often, Sudalai Madan statues are triangular pillar-like structures. Figured statues are stone carved. He is situated either in the open or under a simple roof. | |||
| * Alamodu sudalai Temple, Thengamputhur, Tamil Nadu | |||
| * Arul mighu shree priya kovil sudalai Elamalkulam ] ] Tamil Nadu | |||
| ⚫ | Sudalai is still venerated with customs that predate the ] religion or his syncretism with ], regarded as the rituals of the Dravidian folk religion. The devotees serve him non-vegetarian foods, which is against mainstream Hindu tradition. Goats, chickens, and pigs are sacrificed and served to him. Fridays are prescribed for his worship. His main festivals are conducted annually. These festivals are called "Kodai". Kodai is celebrated for one day to many days according to the devotees's needs. Some famous temples celebrate it for 10 days. | ||
| ⚫ | On these occasions, the deities are decorated with flowers. Some people are believed to become possessed and devotees talk to the deity through them. This deity is believed hunting in the cemetery through this spiritually possessed person. Thappattai beats, Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) and Villupattu are the main performances of Sudalai Madan Kodai festival. | ||
| ⚫ | == Temples == | ||
| ] | |||
| ]]Temples of Sudalai Madan include: | |||
| *Arulmigu Sri moonkiladi Sudalaimadaswami Thirukovil, Keeraikaranthattu, Tirunelveli(dt)(அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ மூங்கிலடி சுடலைமாடசுவாமி திருக்கோவில், கீரைக்காரன்தட்டு, திருநெல்வேலி) | |||
| *Arulmigu Sri Parvathi Amman Sudalaimadaswami Thirukoovil, Vadhuvarpatti, Virudhunagar (dt) | |||
| *Arulmigu Mottagalunga Swamy tirukovil, Avudaiyannor, Tenkasi(dt) | |||
| *Aatrangarai Sudalai madan, Ilanji, Tenkasi | |||
| ⚫ | *Seevalaperi sudalai madan | ||
| *Kayathar sudalai madasamy kovil | |||
| *Arulmigu Shri Sudalai Eswarar Thirukovil, Maramangalam, Thoothukudi. | |||
| * Sri Karayadi Sudalai Madaswamy, Pechiamman Temple, ] | * Sri Karayadi Sudalai Madaswamy, Pechiamman Temple, ] | ||
| * Kulasekara Arulmigu Sudalaimadaswamy Koil, Panchalingapuram, Mahadhanapuram, ], Tamil Nadu | |||
| * மயிலாடும்பாறை சுடலை ஆண்டவர் ஆலயம், முதலைக்குளம், திருநெல்வேலி | |||
| * Perungalatthur Sudalai Muthu Maadaswamy Temple, Perungalatthur, Chennai | |||
| * Sree Siva Sudalai Madan Swamy Temple, Sivasubramaniapuram, Radhapuram Taluk, ] | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| * Otha Panai Sudalai Madan Swami Temple, Sirumalanchi | * Otha Panai Sudalai Madan Swami Temple, Sirumalanchi | ||
| * High Court Maharaja Temple, Arumuga Mangalam, |
* High Court Maharaja Temple, Arumuga Mangalam, Thoothukudi | ||
| ⚫ | * Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Eswarar Temple, pallapalayam, udumalpet | ||
| * Vijayanarayanapuram | * Vijayanarayanapuram | ||
| * Oosikattu/Ooikattu Sudalai Madan Temple | * Oosikattu/Ooikattu Sudalai Madan Temple | ||
| * Sirumalanji | |||
| * Palavur, Arulmigu Sudalai Kovil | * Palavur, Arulmigu Sudalai Kovil | ||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| * Arulmigu Sri Vattrakathan Sudalaimadan Kovil, (Achioor) Valliyoor | |||
| * Pudupatti, Arulmigu Sri Sekkadi Sudalaimadan Kovil (Tirunelveli District). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1aDO41FY1c | |||
| * Vannathankulam/ Thanumalayanputhoor Siva Sudalai, Mayana Kali Temple | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| * Hindhu Nadar Samuthaya Vagai Sudalai Madan Temple, Pattahasaliyan villai, Nagercoil, KK District | |||
| * Ottha Panai Veera Sudalai Madan Swamy Temple, Perumal Nager, Pattahasaliyan Villai, Nagercoil, KK District. | |||
| * Ozhuginaseri Masana Sudalai Temple | * Ozhuginaseri Masana Sudalai Temple | ||
| ⚫ | *Kurichi Sudalai Madan Temple, Suchindrum | ||
| * Maha SivaSudalai Temple, Colachel and the entire region of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari district | * Maha SivaSudalai Temple, Colachel and the entire region of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari district | ||
| * Vaigai Sri Sudalaimadasami Temple, Kilakkarai (Ramnanathapuram District) | * Vaigai Sri Sudalaimadasami Temple, Kilakkarai (Ramnanathapuram District) | ||
| * Arulmigu SUDALAI ESWARAR SWAMY (Maaramangalam, Thoothukudi District) | |||
| * PUDUPATI ARULMIGU PERIYA OORANI SUDALAI (Alangulam Tirunelveli District) | * PUDUPATI ARULMIGU PERIYA OORANI SUDALAI (Alangulam Tirunelveli District) | ||
| * Motta Kalunga Swamy Temple (Avudayanoor, Tirunelveli District) | |||
| * Sudalai Madan Temple in Gopalasumdram | * Sudalai Madan Temple in Gopalasumdram | ||
| * SullaKarai Sudalai Madaswamy Andipatti, Alangulam, Tirunelveli District | * SullaKarai Sudalai Madaswamy Andipatti, Alangulam, Tirunelveli District | ||
| * Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Mada Swami Temple, Irulappapuram, Kanyakumari District | * Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Mada Swami Temple, Irulappapuram, Kanyakumari District | ||
| * Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Sinthamani, Tirunelveli District | * Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Sinthamani, Tirunelveli District | ||
| * Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Tirunelveli Town, Tirunelveli District | |||
| * Siva Sudalai Mada Swamy Temple, | |||
| * Arulmigu Valli Vaikkal Sudali Madan Swamy Temple, Arumuganeri, Thoothukudi District | * Arulmigu Valli Vaikkal Sudali Madan Swamy Temple, Arumuganeri, Thoothukudi District | ||
| * Arulmigu Poonankundru Siva Sudalai Madaswamy kovil, Therkusalai, Agastheeswaram, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. | * Arulmigu Poonankundru Siva Sudalai Madaswamy kovil, Therkusalai, Agastheeswaram, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. | ||
| ⚫ | * Sri Sudalai Madanthambiran Swamy Temple, Navalady, Tirunelveli district. | ||
| ⚫ | * Arulmigu kalathu kovil Sudalai madan swamy kovil, Vellamadam, Kanyakumari. | ||
| * Arumuganeri Kidangankaraivilai, ], | |||
| ⚫ | * Sri Sudalai |
||
| ⚫ | * Arulmigu Sri |
||
| ⚫ | * Arulmigu kalathu kovil Sudalai madan swamy kovil, Vellamadam,Kanyakumari. | ||
| *Arulmigu Athiadi Sudalaimadan kovil, athiputhur, Tirunelveli Dt. | *Arulmigu Athiadi Sudalaimadan kovil, athiputhur, Tirunelveli Dt. | ||
| *Sudalai Kovil, Palazvur, Tirunelveli | *Sudalai Kovil, Palazvur, Tirunelveli | ||
| *Madan Kovil, | |||
| *Viswakula Arulmigu Sudalaimadaswamy Temple , Udayathoor Village, Radhapuram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India | |||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| *Sri Sudalai Madasamy temple, Kothaiseri Tirunelveli. | |||
| ] | |||
| *Sri Mayiladumparai Sudalai, Esakki Amman Temple, Shenbagaramanallur | |||
| Sudalai Madaswamy does not appear in Hindu scripture. Many stories tell about his birth. One tells that he was born in Kailash by the penance of ]. Another story tells of his birth in Kailasa, the mountain home of Siva and Parvathi. Devi Parvathi wants a child, but Lord Siva had sworn celibacy. He had promised to be chaste at the request of the gods since they had feared that his union with Parvathy would be so powerful it would shatter the universe. Siva suggests another way to have a child. He tells Parvathy to go and do penance in Ayiramkal Mandapam (a place having 1000 pillars in Kailash). Parvathi does penance, making Shiva happy. Then he plucks his hair, which started to burn as soon as he threw it. The fire spreads to her ''mundanai'' (a part of the '']''). From the fire, Sudalai Madan is born. Parvathi initially feeds the child with '']'' (the nectar of immortality), instead of ]. It is said that the child became immortal. The child also wanted solid food. He went to the cremation grounds ("sudalai") on Kailasa and began to eat the burning corpses. Since he had such a fondness for meat, it was decided that he ought not to remain in Kailash. Siva instructed him to go to Earth and to care for its people. Siva proclaimed that Sudalai Madan's protection and kindness would be re-paid with offerings of cooked food and drink, and thus he would always have a meal, as well as people who would worship him. So Sudalai Madan came to earth, accompanied by singers and dancers who were sent by Siva to see to his worship. | |||
| ⚫ | *Sri Sudalai Madasamy Kovil, Kalakadu, Tirunelveli. | ||
| ⚫ | ==Worship== | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | On these occasions, the deities are decorated with flowers. Some people become possessed and devotees talk to |
||
| ==Outside India== | ==Outside India== | ||
| Madan is popular amongst the ] in ], ], ], ] and ] overseas territories in the ] sea. | Madan is popular amongst the ] in ], ], ], ] and ] overseas territories in the ] sea. | ||
| In ], The Sri Madaswamy Kovil located at Hatton Road, Pavalamalai, Ginigathena is an example of the popularity of Madasamy in Sri Lanka | |||
| ==In popular culture== | |||
| The 1992 Tamil movie ] has a character who is possessed by this god... | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:11, 17 October 2024
Hindu village deity
| Sudalai Madan | |
|---|---|
 Idols of Sudalai Madan and his consort | |
| Affiliation | Shaivism, Dravidian folk religion |
| Abode | Cremation grounds, chariot streets, temple towers |
| Weapon | Chakra (discus), Shankha (conch shell), Trishula (trident), Gada (mace), Bow and Arrow, Khanda (sword) and Shield, Ghanta (bell) Vallayam (Spear) |
| Mount | Horse |
| Festivals | Tiruvila, Chithirai festival, Padukaii, Parai, Karakaattam, Maguda Kacherii, Villu Paatu, Koothu, Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) |
| Genealogy | |
| Siblings | Vinayaka, Murugan |
| Consort | Madathi |
Sudalai Madan (IAST: Cutalai Mādan) lit. 'cremation ground chief' is a rural Dravidian folk religion deity worshipped predominantly in South India, particularly in the districts of Thoothukudi, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, Kanyakumari, and Thiruvananthapuram. He is considered by adherents to be a son of the Hindu deities Shiva and Parvati. He seems to have originated in some ancestral guardian spirit of the villages or communities in Tamil Nadu, in a similar manner as Ayyanar. He is regarded as a kaval deivam (guardian deity) who protects people against evil forces. Sudalai Madan is also called Madan thampuran, Chudala madan, or simply as Madan.
Shiva is said to have created him and given him the name Sudalai Madan as the protector against evil forces, emanating from cemeteries and cremation grounds (sudalai). He is usually found with mother goddess Pechiamman, Brahmashakti Amman, and Sudalai Mundan. Madathi is his consort.
Sudalai is the guardian of the kodimaram (flagstaff) in several temples and also a kuladeivam(god) of folk lore peoples.
Legend
The tale of Sudalai Madan originates from the Dravidian folk tradition of South India. The goddess Parvati wishes to have a child; her husband Shiva suggests that she perform austerities to gain the same. Accordingly, Parvati pleases Shiva by her penance at the Ayiramkal Mandapam at Kailasha, the celestial abode of Shiva. He plucks a lock of hair, which started to burn as soon as he throws it. The fire spreads to her mundanai (a part of the sari). From the fire, Sudalai Madan is born.
Parvati initially feeds the child with amrita (the nectar of immortality) instead of breast milk, making him immortal. The child desires solid food. He goes to the cremation grounds (sudalai) on Kailasha, and begins to eat the burning corpses. Since he had such a fondness for meat, Shiva instructs him to go to earth and protect humans. Offerings of cooked food and drink are expected be offered to him, seeking his favour.
Worship
Often, Sudalai Madan statues are triangular pillar-like structures. Figured statues are stone carved. He is situated either in the open or under a simple roof.
Sudalai is still venerated with customs that predate the Vedic religion or his syncretism with Shaivism, regarded as the rituals of the Dravidian folk religion. The devotees serve him non-vegetarian foods, which is against mainstream Hindu tradition. Goats, chickens, and pigs are sacrificed and served to him. Fridays are prescribed for his worship. His main festivals are conducted annually. These festivals are called "Kodai". Kodai is celebrated for one day to many days according to the devotees's needs. Some famous temples celebrate it for 10 days.
On these occasions, the deities are decorated with flowers. Some people are believed to become possessed and devotees talk to the deity through them. This deity is believed hunting in the cemetery through this spiritually possessed person. Thappattai beats, Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) and Villupattu are the main performances of Sudalai Madan Kodai festival.
Temples
Temples of Sudalai Madan include:
- Arulmigu Sri moonkiladi Sudalaimadaswami Thirukovil, Keeraikaranthattu, Tirunelveli(dt)(அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ மூங்கிலடி சுடலைமாடசுவாமி திருக்கோவில், கீரைக்காரன்தட்டு, திருநெல்வேலி)
- Arulmigu Sri Parvathi Amman Sudalaimadaswami Thirukoovil, Vadhuvarpatti, Virudhunagar (dt)
- Arulmigu Mottagalunga Swamy tirukovil, Avudaiyannor, Tenkasi(dt)
- Aatrangarai Sudalai madan, Ilanji, Tenkasi
- Seevalaperi sudalai madan
- Kayathar sudalai madasamy kovil
- Arulmigu Shri Sudalai Eswarar Thirukovil, Maramangalam, Thoothukudi.
- Sri Karayadi Sudalai Madaswamy, Pechiamman Temple, Sathankulam
- Otha Panai Sudalai Madan Swami Temple, Sirumalanchi
- High Court Maharaja Temple, Arumuga Mangalam, Thoothukudi
- Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Eswarar Temple, pallapalayam, udumalpet
- Vijayanarayanapuram
- Oosikattu/Ooikattu Sudalai Madan Temple
- Palavur, Arulmigu Sudalai Kovil
- Ozhuginaseri Masana Sudalai Temple
- Kurichi Sudalai Madan Temple, Suchindrum
- Maha SivaSudalai Temple, Colachel and the entire region of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari district
- Vaigai Sri Sudalaimadasami Temple, Kilakkarai (Ramnanathapuram District)
- PUDUPATI ARULMIGU PERIYA OORANI SUDALAI (Alangulam Tirunelveli District)
- Sudalai Madan Temple in Gopalasumdram
- SullaKarai Sudalai Madaswamy Andipatti, Alangulam, Tirunelveli District
- Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Mada Swami Temple, Irulappapuram, Kanyakumari District
- Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Sinthamani, Tirunelveli District
- Arulmigu Valli Vaikkal Sudali Madan Swamy Temple, Arumuganeri, Thoothukudi District
- Arulmigu Poonankundru Siva Sudalai Madaswamy kovil, Therkusalai, Agastheeswaram, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
- Sri Sudalai Madanthambiran Swamy Temple, Navalady, Tirunelveli district.
- Arulmigu kalathu kovil Sudalai madan swamy kovil, Vellamadam, Kanyakumari.
- Arulmigu Athiadi Sudalaimadan kovil, athiputhur, Tirunelveli Dt.
- Sudalai Kovil, Palazvur, Tirunelveli
- Madan Kovil,
- Viswakula Arulmigu Sudalaimadaswamy Temple , Udayathoor Village, Radhapuram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sri Sudalai Madasamy temple, Kothaiseri Tirunelveli.
- Sri Mayiladumparai Sudalai, Esakki Amman Temple, Shenbagaramanallur
- Sri Sudalai Madasamy Kovil, Kalakadu, Tirunelveli.
Outside India
Madan is popular amongst the Tamil diaspora in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Réunion and French overseas territories in the Caribbean sea.
In Sri Lanka, The Sri Madaswamy Kovil located at Hatton Road, Pavalamalai, Ginigathena is an example of the popularity of Madasamy in Sri Lanka
See also
References
- C, Maadhava Anusuyaa. "HISTORY AND IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF MYTHS SURROUNDING SUDALAI MADAN".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Dickey, Sara (14 July 2016). Living Class in Urban India. Rutgers University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8135-8394-5.
- Sudalai Madan amongst Indian origin Tamils
- South Indian Deities And Their Relative Following in Tamil Nadu
- Secularism and Religious Violence in Contemporary India
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