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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
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{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Batnaya |name =Batnaya
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'''Batnaya''' ({{Lang-ar|باطنايا}}, {{lang-syr|ܒܛܢܝܐ}})<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=باطنايا|url=https://www.ishtartv.com/viewarticle,15192,villages.html|access-date=8 November 2020|publisher=Ishtar TV|language=ar}}</ref> is a town in northern ], located 14 miles north of ] and about 3 miles north of ].<ref name=":0" /> The town had a population of about 5,000, but most fled during the ] by ] in 2014. As of 2018, half of its locals live in a camp near ].<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 November 2018|title=80-year-old dreams of the day her village will recover from ISIS war|work=]|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/30112018-amp|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> The town was captured by Kurdish ] on 20 October 2016 during the ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Briggs|first=Billy|date=13 April 2017|title=The destruction and liberation of Batnaya|work=The Ferret|url=https://theferret.scot/iraq-war-destruction-liberation-batnaya/|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> '''Batnaya''' ({{langx|ar|باطنايا}}, {{langx|syr|ܒܛܢܝܐ}})<ref>{{cite web|title=باطنايا|url=https://www.ishtartv.com/viewarticle,15192,villages.html|accessdate=11 August 2021|website=]|language=ar}}</ref> is a village in ], ]. It is located in the ] in the ].


In the village, there are ] churches of ] ] and Mart ].<ref name="MH">{{cite web |url=https://www.mesopotamiaheritage.org/en/monuments/leglise-chaldeenne-mar-qouryakos-de-batnaya/|title=The Mar Qouryakos Church in Batnaya|website=Mesopotamia Heritage|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> The ] is also located near the village.
In early 2019, the ] planned to rehabilitate hundreds of damaged homes in the town. In June the first thirty home were restored and residents started returning home.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Restored houses bring families back home to Batnaya|url=http://www.iq.undp.org/content/iraq/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2019/05/30/restored-houses-bring-families-back-home-to-batnaya.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=UNDP|language=en}}</ref>


== Early history == ==Etymology==
Several theories have been put forward for the origin of the name of the village as local traditions suggest it may derive from "beth" ("place" in Syriac) and "ṭeṭnāyé" ("clouded corneas" in Syriac), thus translating to "the place of those who have ] ]s", which is believed to allude to eye diseases caused by plaiting ], or could be a combination of "beth" and "ṭnānā" ("zeal" in Syriac) and translate to "place of zeal".{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=377}} The village's original name, Beṯ Maḏāye, is argued by the ] ] ] to derive from "beth" and "Madaye" ("]" in Syriac) and thus translates to "place of the Medes".{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=377}}
Batnaya is first mentioned in the 7th century under the name Beth Madai.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilmhurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organization of the Church of the East, 1318-1913|year=2000|pages=232}}</ref> The first manuscript found from the town, in the 15th century, was by a priest whose family was from ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilmhurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organization of the Church of the East, 1318-1913|year=2000|pages=232}}</ref>
Batnaya was attacked by the army of ] in 1743, who destroyed the village extensively and is believed to have killed half of its inhabitants. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilmhurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organization of the Church of the East, 1318-1913|year=2000|pages=234}}</ref> In the past Batnaya used to be famous for making matting from the ] its people used to cultivate in the valley of ] river. Currently, some of its inhabitants are cultivating different kinds of crops while others are involved in non-agricultural trades.


==History==
In 1944 the Mar Qeryaqos Church was built on the ruins of a monastery by the same name believed to have been built in the early 15th century. A second but smaller church, Mart Maryam, was built in 1966, while the church of Mar Gewargis was mentioned in an inscription dated 1745.
Batnaya is first attested with the name Beṯ Maḏāye in the ''History of Beṯ Qōqā'' in the seventh century AD, at which time the village is believed to have been converted to ] by ] Oraha (Saint Abraham the Mede).<ref name="MH" />{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=232–233}} Jean Maurice Fiey argues that the name Beṯ Maḏāye suggests that the village was inhabited by ] prior to their conversion.{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=377}} Batnaya is also identified as the Beṯ Maḏāye mentioned in a letter of ] ] ({{reign|628|645}}).{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=377}} The church of Mar Quriaqos, which is believed to have originally been a monastery,<ref name="MH" /> is mentioned in 1474, in which year a manuscript was copied there by the priest Īshō, son of Isaac, of ].{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=232}}


The village was populated by ], all of whom were adherents of the ] until a number of people adopted ] at some point in the early 18th century before 1729.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=232}} The village and its church was plundered by the forces of ] ] in 1743 amidst the ] and the church was restored in the following year.<ref name="MH" /> By 1767, the village's entire population of 200 families had joined the Chaldean Catholic Church.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=232}} When visited by the English missionary ] in 1852, 60 families resided at Batnaya and ] counted 50 houses in the village in 1857.{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=378}} The church of Mart ] ({{langx|ar|al-Tahira}}, "all pure") was constructed in 1866.<ref name="MH" />{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=379}} The population grew to 900 people by 1867 and then to 1000 people in 1891.<ref name="MH" />
In Batnaya are several inscriptions. One dating to 1545 by Darweesh bin Yohanan from the village of Aqreen is entitled "Prayers for the Dead". Another is a complete bible inscribed in vernacular Sureth by the priest Ataya bin Faraj bin Marqos of ], dating to 1586.
In 1913, Batnaya was inhabited by 2,500 Chaldean Catholics with three priests.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=199}} The church of Mar Quriaqos was rebuilt in 1944.{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=378}}


By 1961, the population of Batnaya had reached 3104 people.{{sfnp|Fiey|1975|p=376}} Batnaya was abandoned on 6 August 2014 as its population fled the ] (ISIL) ],<ref name="MH" /> prior to which the village was inhabited by around 5000 people.<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |url=https://theferret.scot/iraq-war-destruction-liberation-batnaya/|title=Iraq War: The destruction and liberation of Batnaya|website=]|access-date=18 August 2021|date=13 April 2017|author=Billy Briggs}}</ref> The ] seized control of Batnaya from ISIL on 20 October 2016 after a battle against over 100 ISIL fighters amidst the ].<ref name="Ferret"/> In the battle, the village was mostly destroyed and 60 ISIL fighters and 8 Peshmerga soldiers were killed.<ref name="Ferret"/> ISIL fighters had inflicted significant damage to the village as the church of Mart Maryam, which had been used as a ],<ref name="Ferret"/> was blown up whilst the church of Mar Quriaqos was ransacked,<ref name="MH" /> and only 1% of the village's 997 houses was still intact.<ref name="ACN">{{cite web |url=https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/39000|title=Iraq: ACN helps rebuild flattened Christian village|website=Independent Catholic News|access-date=18 August 2021|date=25 February 2020|author=John Pontifex}}</ref>
As with all the other Assyrian villages that belong to the ], Batnaya's Chaldean Catholic population used to follow the ] until the seventeenth to eighteenth century, when the efforts of the Catholic Church came to fruition and the Church of the East was divided.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilmhurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organization of the Church of the East, 1318-1913|year=2000|pages=234}}</ref>


In cooperation with Canadian, French, and American teams, the Peshmerga subsequently set about clearing the village of mines and bombs planted by ISIL fighters.<ref name="Ferret"/> Batnaya hence came under the control of the ], which, however, is ] by the Iraqi government.<ref name="ACN" /> In November 2018, half of the village's population still resided at a refugee camp at ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/30112018-amp|title=80-year-old dreams of the day her village will recover from ISIS war|website=]|access-date=18 August 2021|date=30 November 2018}}</ref> The village has since undergone reconstruction as the ] restored 400 houses, and the first 10 families returned to Batnaya in May 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iq.undp.org/content/iraq/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2019/05/30/restored-houses-bring-families-back-home-to-batnaya.html|title=Restored houses bring families back home to Batnaya|website=]|access-date=18 August 2021|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> Eventually, 300 people had returned by February 2020,<ref name="ACN"/> and the village's population grew to 720 people by the following year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shlama.org/population?fbclid=IwAR0rMdQbvDzjzV0_CIWBCjOGCU4OSVLrbsltgKijiY1fqYC2H6VAoQ8hJ8M|title=Population Project|website=Shlama Foundation|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref>
== References ==

{{reflist}}
==Notable people==
*] (b. 1943), Chaldean Catholic bishop

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite book|last1=Fiey|first1=Jean Maurice|date=1975|title=Assyrie Chrétienne|author-link=Jean Maurice Fiey|volume=2|language=fr|publisher=Imprimerie Catholique de Beyrouth|url=https://archive.org/details/assyriechretienn0000jmfi_y0w4|access-date=15 August 2021}}
*{{cite book|last1=Wilmshurst|first1=David|date=2000|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|publisher=Peeters Publishers}}
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Commons}}
*]
*]
{{Nineveh Plains}} {{Nineveh Plains}}


Latest revision as of 00:44, 28 October 2024

Village in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq
Batnaya
Village
Christmas at BatnayaChristmas at Batnaya
Batnaya is located in IraqBatnayaBatnayaLocation in Iraq
Coordinates: 36°32′15″N 43°7′24″E / 36.53750°N 43.12333°E / 36.53750; 43.12333
Country Iraq
GovernorateNineveh Governorate
DistrictTel Kaif District

Batnaya (Arabic: باطنايا, Syriac: ܒܛܢܝܐ) is a village in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. It is located in the Tel Kaif District in the Nineveh Plains.

In the village, there are Chaldean Catholic churches of Mar Quriaqos and Mart Maryam. The Mar Oraha Monastery is also located near the village.

Etymology

Several theories have been put forward for the origin of the name of the village as local traditions suggest it may derive from "beth" ("place" in Syriac) and "ṭeṭnāyé" ("clouded corneas" in Syriac), thus translating to "the place of those who have clouded corneas", which is believed to allude to eye diseases caused by plaiting reeds, or could be a combination of "beth" and "ṭnānā" ("zeal" in Syriac) and translate to "place of zeal". The village's original name, Beṯ Maḏāye, is argued by the French Syriacist Jean Maurice Fiey to derive from "beth" and "Madaye" ("Medes" in Syriac) and thus translates to "place of the Medes".

History

Batnaya is first attested with the name Beṯ Maḏāye in the History of Beṯ Qōqā in the seventh century AD, at which time the village is believed to have been converted to Christianity by Mar Oraha (Saint Abraham the Mede). Jean Maurice Fiey argues that the name Beṯ Maḏāye suggests that the village was inhabited by Yazidis prior to their conversion. Batnaya is also identified as the Beṯ Maḏāye mentioned in a letter of Catholicos Ishoyahb II (r. 628–645). The church of Mar Quriaqos, which is believed to have originally been a monastery, is mentioned in 1474, in which year a manuscript was copied there by the priest Īshō, son of Isaac, of Hakkari.

The village was populated by Assyrians, all of whom were adherents of the Church of the East until a number of people adopted Chaldean Catholicism at some point in the early 18th century before 1729. The village and its church was plundered by the forces of Shahanshah Nader Shah in 1743 amidst the Ottoman–Persian War of 1743–1746 and the church was restored in the following year. By 1767, the village's entire population of 200 families had joined the Chaldean Catholic Church. When visited by the English missionary George Percy Badger in 1852, 60 families resided at Batnaya and William Francis Ainsworth counted 50 houses in the village in 1857. The church of Mart Maryam (Arabic: al-Tahira, "all pure") was constructed in 1866. The population grew to 900 people by 1867 and then to 1000 people in 1891. In 1913, Batnaya was inhabited by 2,500 Chaldean Catholics with three priests. The church of Mar Quriaqos was rebuilt in 1944.

By 1961, the population of Batnaya had reached 3104 people. Batnaya was abandoned on 6 August 2014 as its population fled the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) offensive in Northern Iraq, prior to which the village was inhabited by around 5000 people. The Peshmerga seized control of Batnaya from ISIL on 20 October 2016 after a battle against over 100 ISIL fighters amidst the battle of Mosul. In the battle, the village was mostly destroyed and 60 ISIL fighters and 8 Peshmerga soldiers were killed. ISIL fighters had inflicted significant damage to the village as the church of Mart Maryam, which had been used as a weapons dump, was blown up whilst the church of Mar Quriaqos was ransacked, and only 1% of the village's 997 houses was still intact.

In cooperation with Canadian, French, and American teams, the Peshmerga subsequently set about clearing the village of mines and bombs planted by ISIL fighters. Batnaya hence came under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government, which, however, is disputed by the Iraqi government. In November 2018, half of the village's population still resided at a refugee camp at Tesqopa. The village has since undergone reconstruction as the United Nations Development Programme restored 400 houses, and the first 10 families returned to Batnaya in May 2019. Eventually, 300 people had returned by February 2020, and the village's population grew to 720 people by the following year.

Notable people

References

  1. "باطنايا". Ishtar TV (in Arabic). Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  2. ^ "The Mar Qouryakos Church in Batnaya". Mesopotamia Heritage. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  3. ^ Fiey (1975), p. 377.
  4. Wilmshurst (2000), pp. 232–233.
  5. ^ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 232.
  6. ^ Fiey (1975), p. 378.
  7. Fiey (1975), p. 379.
  8. Wilmshurst (2000), p. 199.
  9. Fiey (1975), p. 376.
  10. ^ Billy Briggs (13 April 2017). "Iraq War: The destruction and liberation of Batnaya". The Ferret. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  11. ^ John Pontifex (25 February 2020). "Iraq: ACN helps rebuild flattened Christian village". Independent Catholic News. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  12. "80-year-old dreams of the day her village will recover from ISIS war". Rudaw Media Network. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  13. "Restored houses bring families back home to Batnaya". United Nations Development Programme. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  14. "Population Project". Shlama Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2021.

Bibliography

  • Fiey, Jean Maurice (1975). Assyrie Chrétienne (in French). Vol. 2. Imprimerie Catholique de Beyrouth. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  • Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Peeters Publishers.

See also

Nineveh Plains in Nineveh Governorate, northern Iraq
Main settlements
Al-Hamdaniya District
Tel Kaif District
Shekhan District
Religious sites
Christian
Chaldean Catholic Church
Syriac Catholic Church
Syriac Orthodox Church
Yazidis
Archaeological sites
See also
Categories: