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			{{Short description\|Iranian Azerbaijani poet (1906–1988)}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = ~~Shahriyar~~		\| name = Shahriar
	\| image = Shahriar.jpg		\| image = Shahriar.jpg
	\| imagesize = 230px		\| imagesize = 230px
	\| caption = ~~Shahriyar~~ in his old years		\| caption = Shahriar in his old years
	\| birth_date = 1906		\| birth_date = 2 January 1906
	\| birth_place = ], ]		\| birth_place = ], ]
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1988\|9\|18\|1906\|1\|1\|mf=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1988\|9\|18\|1906\|1\|2\|mf=y}}
	\| death_place = ], Iran		\| death_place = ], ]
	\| burial_place = ], ], Iran		\| burial_place = ], ], Iran
	\| spouse = Azizeh Abde-Khaleghi {{small\|(1947–1953)}}		\| spouse = Azizeh Abde-Khaleghi {{small\|(1947–1953)}}
	\| children = ~~Shahrzad<br>Hadi<br>Maryam~~		\| children = 3
			\| signature = Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar signature.svg
	\| nationality = ]
	\| occupation = ]		\| occupation = ]
	\| known_for = Azerbaijani poetry		\| known_for = Azerbaijani poetry
	\| notable_works = ]		\| notable_works = ]
	}}		}}

	'''~~Seyyed~~ Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi''' , ({{~~lang~~-fa\|~~سید~~ ~~محمدحسین~~ ~~بهجت~~ ~~تبریزی~~}}, {{~~lang-az~~\|~~سید~~ ~~محمدحسین~~ ~~بهجت~~ ~~تبریزی~~}}) (1906 – (September 18, 1988), ~~mainly~~ known by his pen name, '''Shahriar''' , ({{~~lang~~-fa\| ~~شهریار~~}}) ({{pronunciation\|Shahriar.ogg\|~~listen~~\|help=no}}), was a ~~notable ]~~ poet who ~~wrote~~ in both ] and ].		'''] Mohammad-Hossein Behjat Tabrizi'''{{Efn\|{{langx\|fa\|سیدمحمدحسین بهجت تبریزی\|label=]/]\|italic=no\|link=yes}}, {{Small\|Azerbaijani romanization:}} {{transliteration\|az\|ALA-LC\|Seyyid Maḥammad Ḥüseyn Behcat Tabrīzī}}, {{Small\|Persian romanization:}} {{transliteration\|fa\|BGN/PCGN\|Seyyed Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Behjat Tabrīzī}}\|group=lower-roman}} (January 2, 1906 – September 18, 1988), known by his ] '''Shahriar''',{{Efn\|{{langx\|fa\|شهریار\|label=]/]\|italic=no\|link=yes}}, {{Small\|Azerbaijani romanization:}} {{transliteration\|az\|ALA-LC\|Şahriyār}}, {{Small\|Persian romanization:}} {{transliteration\|fa\|BGN/PCGN\|Shahriyār}}, {{pronunciation\|Shahriar.ogg\|Persian pronunciation\|help=no}}\|group=lower-roman}} was an Turkic/Iranian poet who composed works in both ] and ].
	His most important work, ] is considered to be the pinnacle in ] which gained great popularity in the ] and was translated to more than 30 languages.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://umich.edu/~turkish/links/manuscripts/haydarbaba/haydarbaba.htm \|title= Greetings to Heydar Baba \|publisher=umich.edu \|access-date=2010-09-08}}</ref>		His most important work, '']'', is considered to be the pinnacle in ] which gained great popularity in the Turkic world and was translated to more than 30 languages.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://umich.edu/~turkish/links/manuscripts/haydarbaba/haydarbaba.htm \|title= Greetings to Heydar Baba \|publisher=umich.edu \|access-date=2010-09-08}}</ref>

	Contrary to many other figures of his time, Shahriar barely involved himself with political problems and ideologies. He was, however, known for his avid ]; in his work, numerous metaphors commending ], ] and ] are made.<ref>~~http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles~~/~~shahryar~~-~~mohammad~~</ref>		Contrary to many other figures of his time, Shahriar barely involved himself with political problems and ideologies. He was, however, known for his avid ]; in his work, numerous metaphors commending ], ] and ] are made. Many of his writings were also motived by his religious beliefs, and he composed very popular poems in praise of ], the first ] of ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite EncIranica/Brill \|last=ʿĀbedi \|first=Kamyār \|date=2015 \|article=Shahryar, Mohammad Hosayn \|brill-id=11727}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Mohammad Hossein Shahriar was one of the first Azerbaijanis of Iran to write a significant collection of poetry in the Azerbaijani language. Born in 1906 in ], he received his elementary education, including ], under his father's supervision. Shahriar’s first formal education was at the ~~Motahari~~ (former Mansoor High School) Secondary School in Tabriz.He subsequently studied at the ] (former higher education school) in ]. Although he studied medicine in college, he dropped out just before getting his diploma and went to ], where he found a job as a notary public and bank clerk. He returned to Tehran in 1935 and started working in the ].		Mohammad Hossein Shahriar was one of the first Azerbaijanis of Iran to write a significant collection of poetry in the Azerbaijani language. Born in 1906 in ], he received his elementary education, including ], under his father's supervision. Shahriar’s first formal education was at the Motahhari (former Mansoor High School) Secondary School in Tabriz. He subsequently studied at the ] (former higher education school) in ]. Although he studied medicine in college, he dropped out just before getting his diploma and went to ], where he found a job as a notary public and bank clerk.<ref name=":0" /> He returned to Tehran in 1935 and started working in the ].<ref name=":1" />

			During the 1945–1946 ] and ascendancy of the separatist ], Shahriar composed poems in glorification of Iran's national unity.<ref name=":1" />
⚫	He ~~also~~ received an honorary ~~Ph.D. degree~~ from ] in ].

		⚫	He received an honorary professorship from the ] in ] in 1967.<ref name=":1" />
⚫	He initially published his poems under his given name, Behjat, but later chose the name Shahriar. He published his first book of poems in 1929. His poems ~~are~~ mainly influenced by ], a famous ] poet, and ], an old Azerbaijani poet.

		⚫	He initially published his poems under his given name, Behjat, but later chose the name Shahriar. He published his first book of poems in 1929.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|date=26 July 2017 \|title=Shahriar: A Notable Iranian Poet of Azerbaijani Ethnicity \|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2017/07/26/1468801/shahriar-a-notable-iranian-poet-of-azerbaijani-ethnicity \|access-date=2023-08-22 \|website=] \|language=en}}</ref> His poems were mainly influenced by ], a famous ] poet, and ], an old Azerbaijani poet.{{Needs source\|date=August 2023}}
⚫	His most famous work in Azerbaijani is Heydar Babaya Salam, published in 1954, which won immense popularity and has been translated into more than 30 languages and numerous plays all over the world.

		⚫	His most famous work in Azerbaijani is Heydar Babaya Salam, published in 1954, which won immense popularity and has been translated into more than 30 languages and numerous plays all over the world.<ref name=":0" />

	==Works==		==Works==
			] in July 1987]]
	The poet began by composing tragic poetry. Many of his bittersweet memories are reflected in his books Hazyan-e Del, Heydar Baba, and Mumiyai. Heydar Baba, composed in Azeri and later translated into Persian, was for a long time on the top ten best-seller list in ]. Heydar Baba is the name of a mountain where the poet spent his childhood. He also wrote a book of epic poems, Takht-e Jamshid.		The poet began by composing tragic poetry. Many of his bittersweet memories are reflected in his books Hazyan-e Del, Heydar Baba, and Mumiyai. Heydar Baba, composed in Azeri and later translated into Persian, was for a long time on the top ten best-seller list in ]. Heydar Baba is the name of a mountain where the poet spent his childhood. He also wrote a book of epic poems, Takht-e Jamshid.<ref name=":0" />

		⚫	He was interested in humanistic issues and in his poem "A letter to ]" he criticized the result of his scientific work that was abused as the nuclear weapon.<ref name=":0" />

			Shahriar was a critic of the usage of the Latin alphabet for Turkic languages, writing a poem on the topic called {{transliteration\|az\|ALA-LC\|Şeyṭān Alifbāsı}} ({{langx\|az-Arab\|شیطان الفباسی\|link=no\|lit=Satan's Alphabet}}) in 1986. In the poem, he called the {{Interlanguage link\|Azerbaijani Arabic alphabet\|lt=Arabic alphabet\|az\|Ərəb qrafikalı Azərbaycan əlifbası}} the script of the ], while calling the {{Interlanguage link\|Azerbaijani Cyrillic alphabet\|lt=Cyrillic\|az\|Kiril qrafikalı Azərbaycan əlifbası}} and ] alphabets the scripts of Satan, calling on Turkic-speakers to reject the usage of the latter. He also declared in it that Iran is in a similar situation to the ], referring to the then-ongoing ], and called Turkic-speaking Muslims to ].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2012-10-05 \|title=شعری بسیار زیبا و پر نغز از شهریار خطاب به روشنفکران قفقازی \|trans-title=A very beautiful and tender poem by Shahriar, addressed to Caucasian intellectuals \|url=https://qafqaz.ir/fa/%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d9%be%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a8/ \|access-date=2023-08-22 \|website=Qafqaz Mədəniyyət Mərkəzi \|language=az, fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=18 September 2018 \|title=تحریف اشعار دفاع مقدس شهریار در آذربایجان و ترکیه / «حیدربابا» هویت را به زبان ترکی بازگرداند \|trans-title=Distortion of Shahriar's sacred defense poems in Azerbaijan and Turkey / 'Heydar Baba' restored the unique identity of the Turki language \|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/06/27/2098798/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF \|access-date=2023-08-22 \|website=] \|language=fa}}</ref> The poem was broadcast via Radio to both the ] and ], with Shahriar reciting it in both ] and Azerbaijani in two separate recordings that were disseminated.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 October 2013 \|title=Həzrət Ayətullah Xameneinin ustad Şəhriyarla görüşlərindən xatirələ (3) \|trans-title=Memoirs of Ayatollah Khamenei's meetings with Ustad Shahriar (3) \|url=http://arannews.com/News/40378/Həzrət-Ayətullah-Xameneinin-ustad-Şəhriyarla-görüşlərindən-xatirələr-Sən-bizim-Əbəlfəzimizsən-(3).html \|access-date=2023-08-22 \|website=Aran Xəbər Agentliyi \|language=az}}</ref>
⚫	He was interested in humanistic issues and in his poem "A letter to ]" he criticized the result of his scientific work that was abused as the nuclear weapon.

	Shahriar’s verse takes diverse forms, including lyrics, quatrains, couplets, odes, and elegies. One of his love poems, Hala Chera, was set to music by Rouhollah Khaleghi. The composition for orchestra and solo voice became one of his most well-known works. One of the major reasons for the success of Shahriar’s work is the sincerity of his words. Since he uses ~~slang and~~ colloquial language in the context of poetry, his poems are understandable and effective for a broad segment of the public.		Shahriar’s verse takes diverse forms, including lyrics, quatrains, couplets, odes, and elegies. One of his love poems, Hala Chera, was set to music by Rouhollah Khaleghi. The composition for orchestra and solo voice became one of his most well-known works. One of the major reasons for the success of Shahriar’s work is the sincerity of his words. Since he uses colloquial language in the context of poetry, his poems are understandable and effective for a broad segment of the public.<ref name=":1" />

	Shahriar was a talented calligrapher, played the setar very well, and had a keen interest in music. He was a very close friend of the Persian musician and highly respected teacher, ~~Abdulhossein~~ Saba. <!--On the occasion of his death, Saba composed the poem		Shahriar was a talented calligrapher who wrote his own copy of the Qur'an,<ref name=":1" /> played the ] very well, and had a keen interest in music.<ref name=":0" /> He was a very close friend of the Persian musician and highly respected teacher, Abdolhossein Saba.{{Needs source\|date=August 2023}} <!--On the occasion of his death, Saba composed the poem
	{{quote\|		{{quote\|
	عمر دنيا به سرآمد كه صبا مي ميرد		عمر دنيا به سرآمد كه صبا مي ميرد
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	==Death==		==Death==
	]]]		]]]
	His day of death is named the "national day of poem" in Iran.		His day of death is named the "national day of poem" in Iran.
	A television series about his life, directed by ], aired on ] ].		A television series about his life, directed by ], aired on ] ].{{Needs source\|date=August 2023}}

	He died on 18 September 1988 in one of the ]'s hospitals and his body was transferred to ] and was buried in ] (Tombs of Poets).		He died on 18 September 1988 in one of the ]'s hospitals and his body was transferred to ] and was buried in ] (Tombs of Poets).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

			== Notes ==
			{{Reflist\|group=lower-roman}}

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

⚫	== Further reading ==
⚫	* {{EI2\|last=Bruijn\|first=J.T.P. de\|title=S̲h̲ahriyār\|volume=9\|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/shahriyar-SIM_6776?s.num=7&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=azerbaijan}}

	== External links ==		== External links ==
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	*		*

		⚫	== Further reading ==
		⚫	* {{EI2\|last=Bruijn\|first=J.T.P. de\|title=S̲h̲ahriyār\|volume=9\|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/shahriyar-SIM_6776?s.num=7&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=azerbaijan}}
			* {{Cite journal \|last=Notghi \|first=Hamid \|last2=Sabri-Tabrizi \|first2=Gholam-Reza \|date=1994 \|title=Hail to Heydarbaba: A Comparative View of Popular Turkish & Classical Persian Poetical Languages \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/195476 \|journal=] \|volume=21 \|issue=2 \|pages=240-251 \|JSTOR=195476}}

			{{Azerbaijani Turkic literature}}
	{{Persian literature}}		{{Persian literature}}

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Latest revision as of 13:55, 18 December 2024

Iranian Azerbaijani poet (1906–1988)

Shahriar
Shahriar in his old years
Born	2 January 1906 Tabriz, Sublime State of Persia
Died	September 18, 1988(1988-09-18) (aged 82) Tehran, Iran
Burial place	Maqbarato'sh-Sho'ara, Tabriz, Iran
Occupation	Poet
Known for	Azerbaijani poetry
Notable work	Heydar Babaya Salam
Spouse	Azizeh Abde-Khaleghi (1947–1953)
Children	3
Signature

Sayyid Mohammad-Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (January 2, 1906 – September 18, 1988), known by his pen name Shahriar, was an Turkic/Iranian poet who composed works in both Azerbaijani and Persian. His most important work, Heydar Babaya Salam, is considered to be the pinnacle in Azerbaijani literature which gained great popularity in the Turkic world and was translated to more than 30 languages.

Contrary to many other figures of his time, Shahriar barely involved himself with political problems and ideologies. He was, however, known for his avid nationalism; in his work, numerous metaphors commending Persepolis, Zoroaster and Ferdowsi are made. Many of his writings were also motived by his religious beliefs, and he composed very popular poems in praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Imam of Shia Islam.

Biography

Mohammad Hossein Shahriar was one of the first Azerbaijanis of Iran to write a significant collection of poetry in the Azerbaijani language. Born in 1906 in Tabriz, he received his elementary education, including the Divan of Hafez, under his father's supervision. Shahriar’s first formal education was at the Motahhari (former Mansoor High School) Secondary School in Tabriz. He subsequently studied at the Dar-ol-Fonoun (former higher education school) in Tehran. Although he studied medicine in college, he dropped out just before getting his diploma and went to Khorasan, where he found a job as a notary public and bank clerk. He returned to Tehran in 1935 and started working in the Agricultural Bank of Iran.

During the 1945–1946 Soviet occupation of Iranian Azerbaijan and ascendancy of the separatist Azerbaijani Democratic Party, Shahriar composed poems in glorification of Iran's national unity.

He received an honorary professorship from the University of Tabriz in literature in 1967.

He initially published his poems under his given name, Behjat, but later chose the name Shahriar. He published his first book of poems in 1929. His poems were mainly influenced by Hafez, a famous Persian poet, and Khasta Qasim, an old Azerbaijani poet.

His most famous work in Azerbaijani is Heydar Babaya Salam, published in 1954, which won immense popularity and has been translated into more than 30 languages and numerous plays all over the world.

Works

The poet began by composing tragic poetry. Many of his bittersweet memories are reflected in his books Hazyan-e Del, Heydar Baba, and Mumiyai. Heydar Baba, composed in Azeri and later translated into Persian, was for a long time on the top ten best-seller list in Tehran. Heydar Baba is the name of a mountain where the poet spent his childhood. He also wrote a book of epic poems, Takht-e Jamshid.

He was interested in humanistic issues and in his poem "A letter to Einstein" he criticized the result of his scientific work that was abused as the nuclear weapon.

Shahriar was a critic of the usage of the Latin alphabet for Turkic languages, writing a poem on the topic called Şeyṭān Alifbāsı (Azerbaijani: شیطان الفباسی, lit. 'Satan's Alphabet') in 1986. In the poem, he called the Arabic alphabet [az] the script of the Qur'an, while calling the Cyrillic [az] and Latin alphabets the scripts of Satan, calling on Turkic-speakers to reject the usage of the latter. He also declared in it that Iran is in a similar situation to the Battle of Karbala, referring to the then-ongoing Iran-Iraq War, and called Turkic-speaking Muslims to jihad. The poem was broadcast via Radio to both the Soviet Union and Turkey, with Shahriar reciting it in both Istanbul Turkish and Azerbaijani in two separate recordings that were disseminated.

Shahriar’s verse takes diverse forms, including lyrics, quatrains, couplets, odes, and elegies. One of his love poems, Hala Chera, was set to music by Rouhollah Khaleghi. The composition for orchestra and solo voice became one of his most well-known works. One of the major reasons for the success of Shahriar’s work is the sincerity of his words. Since he uses colloquial language in the context of poetry, his poems are understandable and effective for a broad segment of the public.

Shahriar was a talented calligrapher who wrote his own copy of the Qur'an, played the setar very well, and had a keen interest in music. He was a very close friend of the Persian musician and highly respected teacher, Abdolhossein Saba.

Death

His day of death is named the "national day of poem" in Iran. A television series about his life, directed by Kamal Tabrizi, aired on IRIB channel 2.

He died on 18 September 1988 in one of the Tehran's hospitals and his body was transferred to Tabriz and was buried in Maqbarato'sh-Sho'ara (Tombs of Poets).

Notes

Azerbaijani/Persian: سیدمحمدحسین بهجت تبریزی, Azerbaijani romanization: Seyyid Maḥammad Ḥüseyn Behcat Tabrīzī, Persian romanization: Seyyed Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Behjat Tabrīzī
Azerbaijani/Persian: شهریار, Azerbaijani romanization: Şahriyār, Persian romanization: Shahriyār, Persian pronunciation

References

"Greetings to Heydar Baba". umich.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
^ ʿĀbedi, Kamyār (2015). "Shahryar, Mohammad Hosayn". Encyclopaedia Iranica Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11727.
^ "Shahriar: A Notable Iranian Poet of Azerbaijani Ethnicity". Tasnim News Agency. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
"شعری بسیار زیبا و پر نغز از شهریار خطاب به روشنفکران قفقازی" [A very beautiful and tender poem by Shahriar, addressed to Caucasian intellectuals]. Qafqaz Mədəniyyət Mərkəzi (in Azerbaijani and Persian). 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
"تحریف اشعار دفاع مقدس شهریار در آذربایجان و ترکیه / «حیدربابا» هویت را به زبان ترکی بازگرداند" [Distortion of Shahriar's sacred defense poems in Azerbaijan and Turkey / 'Heydar Baba' restored the unique identity of the Turki language]. Tasnim News Agency (in Persian). 18 September 2018. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
"Həzrət Ayətullah Xameneinin ustad Şəhriyarla görüşlərindən xatirələ (3)" [Memoirs of Ayatollah Khamenei's meetings with Ustad Shahriar (3)]. Aran Xəbər Agentliyi (in Azerbaijani). 3 October 2013. Retrieved 2023-08-22.

External links

Bruijn, J.T.P. de (1997). "S̲h̲ahriyār". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
Notghi, Hamid; Sabri-Tabrizi, Gholam-Reza (1994). "Hail to Heydarbaba: A Comparative View of Popular Turkish & Classical Persian Poetical Languages". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 21 (2): 240–251. JSTOR 195476.

Azerbaijani literature

Epic and legends
Epic of Koroghlu Book of Dede Korkut Ashiq Qarib Asli and Karam Shah Ismail Abbas and Gulgaz Abdulla and Jahan [az] Dastan of Ahmad Harami [az]

Traditional genres
Gazal Tuyugh Marsiya Qasida Mathnawi Bayati Ashik poetry Gerayli Qoshma Tajnis Ayaqli [az] Jighali [az] Nafaschakma [az] Dodaqdaymaz Qıfılband

Medieval

1200s	Izzeddin Hasanoghlu Nasir Bakuvi [ru]
1300s	Yusuf Meddah Kadi Burhan al-Din Zarir of Erzurum [ru] Ahmad Jalayir Qasem-e Anvar Imadaddin Nasimi Badr Shirvani
1400s	Jahan Shah Haqiqi Hamidi Isfahani [az; ru] Khalili Tabrizi [ru] Ibrahim Gulshani [az] Hidayat Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan Habibi Fuzuli Shah Ismail I Hagiri Tabrizi [ru] Khatai Tabrizi [ru] Kishvari
1500s	Shah Tahmasp I Sadiqi Beg Afshar Mahammad Amani [ru] Fadai Tabrizi [ru] Ziya Ordubadi [az] Fazli Saib Tabrizi Qovsi Tabrizi Sheikh Alvan Shirazi [ru] Ruhi Bagdadi [az] Ibrahim Mirza Jahi Shah Abbas I Fardi Ardabili [fa] Yusif Beg Ustajlu [az]

Modern

1600s

1700s

1800s

Historiography

Contemporary

Prose

Novels	Nariman Narimanov Ismayil bek Kutkashensky Mammed Said Ordubadi Mirza Abdulgadir Vusagi Sakina Akhundzadeh Mirza Khazar Mir Jalal Pashayev Suleyman Rahimov Jamil Alibekov Ganjali Sabahi Kurban Said Ilyas Afandiyev Mirza Ibrahimov Ismayil Shykhly Manaf Suleymanov Elchin Afandiyev Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi Magsud Ibrahimbeyov Chingiz Abdullayev Suleyman Valiyev Natig Rasulzadeh Afag Masud Akram Aylisli Aziza Jafarzade Naser Manzuri Yadollah Maftun Amini Mehdi Huseyn Isa Mughanna Heidar Abbasi Qilman Ilkin Vidadi Babanli Elchin Safarli Hamid Notghi Gholamhossein Bigdeli Hidayet Lala Hasanova Ali Akbar Seymur Baycan Rovshan Abdullaoglu
Stories	Jalil Mammadguluzadeh Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli Abdulla Shaig Samad Behrangi Anar Rzayev Rafiq Tağı
Essays	Ahmet Ağaoğlu Ali bey Huseynzade Hasan bey Zardabi Uzeyir Hajibeyov Jeyhun Hajibeyli Omar Faig Nemanzadeh Mammad Amin Rasulzade

Poetry

Classical	Mahammad Hadi Abbas Sahhat Sona Akhundova-Garayeva Aliagha Vahid
Traditional	Mikayil Mushfig Ali Nazmi Samad Vurgun Farhad Ebrahimi Rasoul Yunan Sahand Habib Saher Ahmad Javad Suleyman Rustam Musa Yagub Almas Ildyrym Alireza Nabdel Marzieh Ahmadi Huseyn Arif Teymur Elchin Famil Mehdi Nigar Rafibeyli Bakhtiyar Vahabzadeh Nusrat Kasamanli Nabi Khazri Hossein Monzavi Mirvarid Dilbazi Gamar Sheyda Hasan Ali Khan Garadaghi Reza Baraheni
Free verse	Rasul Rza Fikrat Goja Vagif Samadoghlu Mammad Araz Khalil Rza Uluturk
Satire	Mirza Ali-Akbar Sabir Baba Punhan

Drama

Plays	Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev Jafar Jabbarly Suleyman Sani Akhundov Hashim bey Vazirov Sultan Majid Ganizade [az]
Comedies	Mirza Fatali Akhundov
Tragedies	Najaf bey Vazirov Huseyn Javid
Screenplays	Hasan Seyidbeyli Suleyman Reshidi Farman Karimzade Gamar Salamzade Eldar Quliyev Tofig Ismayilov Rustam Ibragimbekov Ali Gafarov Ayaz Salayev Vagif Mustafayev

Literary critics

Literary historians

Translators

Related topics

Literary circles	Divani-hikmat Majmaus-shuara Fovjul-fusaha Beyt-us-safa Anjumani-shuara Majlisi-faramushan [az] Majlisi-uns [az] Ghonchayi-ulfat [az] Gulustan literary circle [az]
Literary museums	Baku Museum of Miniature Books House-Museum of Jalil Mammadguluzadeh (Baku) House-Museum of Jalil Mammadguluzadeh (Nakhchivan) House-Museum of Samad Vurgun Nakhchivan Literature Museum Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature House Museum of Abdulla Shaig House Museum of Jafar Jabbarly House Museum of Huseyn Javid House-Museum of Mirza Alakbar Sabir House-Museum of Mammed Said Ordubadi (Baku) House-Museum and Memorial Complex of Huseyn Javid Memorial Museum of Molla Panah Vagif and Molla Vali Vidadi House Museum of Mirza Fatali Akhundov (Shaki)
Unions, institutes and archives	Union of Azerbaijani Writers Institute of Manuscripts of Azerbaijan Institute of Literature named after Nizami [az] The State Archive of Literature and Art of Azerbaijan
Monuments of literary figures	Fuzuli (Baku) Jafar Jabbarly (Baku) [az] Samad Vurghun (Baku) [az] Sabir (Baku) [az] Nasimi (Baku) [az] Hasan bey Zardabi (Baku) [az] Mikayil Mushfig (Baku) [az] Nariman Narimanov (Baku) [az] Shah Ismail Khatai (Baku) [az] Aliagha Vahid (Baku) [az] Natavan (Baku) [az]
Literary prizes and honorary titles	Golden Pen Prize [az] Hasan bey Zardabi Prize [az] Mirza Fatali Akhundov State Prize People's Poet of Azerbaijan People's Writer of Azerbaijan People's Poet of Azerbaijan SSR [az] People's Writer of Azerbaijan SSR [az] International Prize in honor of Fuzuli [az]
See also	List of Azerbaijani dramatists and playwrights List of Azerbaijani writers List of Azerbaijani-language poets List of Azerbaijani screenwriters Azerbaijan emigrant literature Bible translations into Azerbaijani

Azerbaijani is the official language of Azerbaijan and one of the official languages in Dagestan, a republic of Russia. It is also widely spoken in Iran (in particular in the historic Azerbaijan region) as well as in parts of Turkey and Georgia.

Persian literature

Old
Behistun Inscription Old Persian inscriptions Ganjnameh Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island

Middle
Ayadgar-i Zariran Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan Dēnkard Book of Jamasp Book of Arda Viraf Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan Cube of Zoroaster Dana-i Menog Khrat Shabuhragan of Mani Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr Bundahishn Menog-i Khrad Jamasp Namag Dadestan-i Denig Anthology of Zadspram Warshtmansr Zand-i Wahman yasn Drakht-i Asurig Shikand-gumanig Vizar

Classical

800s	Muhammad ibn Wasif
900s	Rudaki Daqiqi Ferdowsi (Shahnameh) Abu Shakur Balkhi Abu Tahir Khosrovani Shahid Balkhi Bal'ami Rabia Balkhi Abusaeid Abolkheir (967–1049) Avicenna (980–1037) Unsuri Asjadi Kisai Marvazi Ayyuqi
1000s	Bābā Tāher Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088) Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) Khwaja Abdullah Ansari (1006–1088) Asadi Tusi Qatran Tabrizi (1009–1072) Nizam al-Mulk (1018–1092) Masud Sa'd Salman (1046–1121) Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani Ahmad Ghazali Hujwiri Manuchehri Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani (1098–1131) Uthman Mukhtari Abu-al-Faraj Runi Sanai Banu Goshasp Borzu-Nama Afdal al-Din Kashani Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami Mu'izzi Mahsati Ganjavi
1100s	Iranshah Suzani Samarqandi Hassan Ghaznavi Faramarz Nama Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (1155–1191) Adib Sabir Falaki Shirvani Am'aq Najm al-Din Razi Attar (1142–c.1220) Khaqani (1120–1190) Anvari (1126–1189) Faramarz-e Khodadad Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209) Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209) Kamal al-Din Esfahani Shams Tabrizi (d.1248)
1200s	Abu Tahir Tarsusi Awhadi Maraghai Shams al-Din Qays Razi Sultan Walad Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī Afdal al-Din Kashani Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi Mahmud Shabistari (1288–1320s) Abu'l Majd Tabrizi Amir Khusrau (1253–1325) Saadi (Bustan / Golestān) Bahram-e-Pazhdo Pur-Baha Jami Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo Rumi Homam Tabrizi (1238–1314) Nozhat al-Majales Khwaju Kermani Badr Shirvani Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
1300s	Ibn Yamin Shah Ni'matullah Wali Hafez Abu Ali Qalandar Fazlallah Astarabadi Nasimi Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
1400s	Ubayd Zakani Salman Savaji Hatefi Jami Kamal Khujandi Ahli Shirazi (1454–1535) Fuzuli (1483–1556) Ismail I (1487–1524) Baba Faghani
1500s	Vahshi Bafqi (1523–1583) Mohtasham Kashani (1500–1588) 'Orfi Shirazi
1600s	Taleb Amoli Saib Tabrizi (1607–1670) Asir-e Esfahani (c. 1620–1648) Kalim Kashani Hazin Lāhiji (1692–1766) Saba Kashani Abdul-Qādir Bēdil (1642–1720) Naw'i Khabushani Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani Rasa Salim Tehrani
1700s	Hatef Esfahani Azar Bigdeli (1722–1781) Neshat Esfahani Abbas Foroughi Bastami (1798–1857)
1800s	Yaghma Jandaqi (1782–1859) Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869) Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani (1779–1837) Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat (1800–1871) Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr (1801–1880) Qaani (1808–1854) Mahmud Khan Malek al-Sho'ara (1813–1893)

Contemporary

Poetry

Iran	Ahmadreza Ahmadi Mehdi Akhavan-Sales Hormoz Alipour Qeysar Aminpour Mohammad Reza Aslani Aref Qazvini Ahmad NikTalab Aminollah Rezaei Manouchehr Atashi Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani Mohammad-Taqi Bahar Reza Baraheni Simin Behbahani Dehkhoda Hushang Ebtehaj Bijan Elahi Parviz Eslampour Parvin E'tesami Forugh Farrokhzad Hossein Monzavi Hushang Irani Iraj Mirza Bijan Jalali Siavash Kasraie Esmail Khoi Shams Langeroodi Mohammad Mokhtari Nosrat Rahmani Yadollah Royaee Tahereh Saffarzadeh Sohrab Sepehri Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar Ahmad Shamlou Manouchehr Sheybani Nima Yooshij (She'r-e Nimaa'i) Fereydoon Moshiri
Armenia	Edward Haghverdian
Afghanistan	Nadia Anjuman Wasef Bakhtari Raziq Faani Khalilullah Khalili Youssof Kohzad Massoud Nawabi Abdul Ali Mustaghni
Tajikistan	Sadriddin Ayni Farzona Iskandar Khatloni Abolqasem Lahouti Gulrukhsor Safieva Loiq Sher-Ali Payrav Sulaymoni Mirzo Tursunzoda Satim Ulugzade
Uzbekistan	Asad Gulzoda
Pakistan	Muhammad Iqbal

Novels

Short stories

Plays

Screenplays

Translators

Children's literature

Essayists

Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of Iran, Tajikistan and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.

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