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The '''Modified Initial System''' refers to the railway project and the first line of the ] (MTR) which ran between ] in New Kowloon and ] (the eastern part of ] since 1985) in Victoria City on Hong Kong Island. It was the first rapid transit rail line in the territory. |
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== History == |
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In ], the Mass Transit Steering Group was replaced by the Mass Transport Provisional Authority, which held more executive powers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Executive powers for tube Authority|work=South China Morning Post|date=9 February 1974|page=7}}</ref> It announced that the Initial System would be reduced to {{convert|15.6|km|mi}} and renamed the "Modified Initial System". Plans for a single contract were abandoned in favour of 25 engineering contracts and 10 electrical and mechanical contracts. On 7 May 1975 the Legislative Council of the territory passed legislation setting up the government-owned ] (MTRC) to replace the Mass Transport Provisional Authority.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mass transit: 'Ayes' have it|work=South China Morning Post|date=8 May 1975|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tube: the last legal hurdle is removed|work=South China Morning Post|date=8 May 1975|page=4}}</ref> |
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Construction of the Modified Initial System (which comprises the northern/eastern part of the Kwun Tong line and the southern part of the Tsuen Wan line) commenced in November 1975. The northern section was completed on 30 September 1979 and was opened on 1 October 1979 by the Governor, Sir ],<ref name=scmpp18 /> who entered the driving cabin and ceremonially pressed the button to kick-start the first train from Shek Kip Mei. A commemorative ticket was issued.<ref>{{cite news|title=MTR's opening|url=http://mytv.tvb.com/tc/cat_info/newsfile/290710|accessdate=2017-01-12|work=News File|publisher=Television Broadcasts Limited|date=2017-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113165407/http://mytv.tvb.com/tc/cat_info/newsfile/290710|archivedate=2017-01-13}}</ref> Trains on this route ran from ] to ] in Phase 1, entirely within New Kowloon, from there to ] in Phase 2 in December 1979,<ref name="thepast">{{cite web|url=http://www.theskytrain.net/hkmtr/Past_History.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007153839/http://www.theskytrain.net/hkmtr/Past_History.htm|archive-date=7 October 2007|title=The History|publisher=Hong Kong Mass Transit InfoCenter|date=27 October 2003|access-date=8 March 2007}}</ref> extending through Kowloon beneath ], and to Chater in the last phase, reaching the City of Victoria across the harbour with two stations, initially in a four-car configuration. The section between Kwun Tong and the midpoint of Choi Hung and Kowloon Bay stations runs on viaducts, and the rest mostly in ]s and ] stations,<ref>{{cite web|title=Diamond Hill Station and the tunnel connecting to Choi Hung Station under construction|url=https://en-gb.facebook.com/mtrhk/posts/10160058639270151?comment_id=10160155312430151|author=MTR Corporation Limited}}</ref><ref>Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, </ref> except for short sections underneath hills such as ] (Wo Chai Shan) near Shek Kip Mei, as well as ]. |
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During its constructions many roads were closed, for example, Chater Road and the entire length of Nathan Road in several stages. The ], which later became the home of the territory's Legislative Council and now the Court of Final Appeal, had to be reinforced, and only the façade would go on to be a declared monument.<ref name="LegCo Building">{{Cite web|title=The Legislative Council Building |url=http://www.legco.gov.hk/young/english/building/legco_building_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123062416/http://www.legco.gov.hk/young/english/building/legco_building_1.html |archive-date=23 November 2011|website=Legislative Council|language=en}}</ref> The ] was demolished and ] was built in its place, atop the ] beneath it. |
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The first train drivers were trained on the ].<ref name=scmpp18>{{cite news|title=Mass transit railway is all set to roll|work=South China Morning Post|date=24 September 1979|page=18}}</ref> |
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]The full Modified Initial System was opened on 12 February 1980 by ], who rode the inaugural train through the immersed tube beneath ] to Chater station, since renamed ].<ref name="1979annualreport">{{cite book |title=Annual Report 1979 |date=1980 |publisher=Mass Transit Railway Corporation |location=Hong Kong}}</ref><ref>http://www.facebook.com/mtrupdate/posts/237583676330039</ref> Trains were gradually extended to six cars to accommodate an increase in passenger numbers. |
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== Design and construction == |
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It was designed by a consortium of consultants led by ] ]]. On later extensions to the railway the stations were designed under the supervision of ], the chief architect at MTR.<ref name=Paoletti>{{cite web |url=http://www.architecture.com/NewsAndPress/News/InternationalNews/Press/2002/HongKong-ACityOnTheMove.aspx |title=Hong Kong – A city on the move |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects |access-date=12 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224153634/http://www.architecture.com/NewsAndPress/News/InternationalNews/Press/2002/HongKong-ACityOnTheMove.aspx |archive-date=24 February 2008}}</ref> |
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=== Harbour Crossing Tunnel === |
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{{Main|Harbour Crossing Tunnel}} |
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Between Tsim Sha Tsui and Admiralty is the Harbour Crossing Tunnel, a {{convert|1.4|km|yard|abbr=|adj=on|}} ] ] tunnel across ] which construction commenced in 1976. Its deepest point is at {{convert|24.24|m|feet|abbr=on}}. The ]s were constructed in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The State-of-Art Technology for Immersed Tube Tunnel in Hong Kong and Korea|first=Joseph Y C|last=Lo|last2=Maunsell AECOM|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170516225441/psdas.gov.hk:80/content/doc/2007-1-02/Seminar1_04%2520-%25202007-1-02.pdf|access-date=2021-09-29|date=28 March 2008|website=psdas.gov.hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lo|last2=Tsang|last3=Maunsell AECOM|first=Joseph Y C|first2=C K|date=2008-03-28|title=State-of-Art Technology for Immersed Tube Tunnel in Hong Kong and Korea; pp. 46, 47, 51|website=psdas.gov.hk|url=http://www.psdas.gov.hk/content/doc/2007-1-02/Seminar1_04_paper%20-%202007-1-02.pdf#---https://www.scribd.com/document/264532945/Seminar1-04-paper-2007-1-02---https://www.academia.edu/32351466/THE_STATE-OF-ART_TECHNOLOGY_FOR_IMMERSED_TUBE_TUNNEL_IN_HONG_KONG_AND_KOERA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Marcus|date=2017-05-16|title=Underwater tunnels of the Hong Kong MTR|url=https://www.checkerboardhill.com/2017/05/underwater-tunnels-mass-transit-railway-hong-hong/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Checkerboard Hill|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Marcus|date=2017-05-16|title=Underwater tunnels of the Hong Kong MTR|url=https://www.checkerboardhill.com/2017/05/underwater-tunnels-mass-transit-railway-hong-hong/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Checkerboard Hill|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morris|first=Martin|last2=Yang|first2=Morgan W. W.|last3=Tsang|first3=Chor Kin|last4=Hu|first4=Alan Y. M.|last5=Shut|first5=Dunson S. C.|date=2016-11-01|title=An overview of subsea tunnel engineering in Hong Kong|url=https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/10.1680/jcien.15.00073#---https://pdf.zlibcdn.com/dtoken/f2f1c390f873082150ae476a73c0fa8a/jcien.15.00073.pdf---https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/37995287/21st-century-the-university-of-hong-kong---D7d_ceRUUkkJ---https://julac.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?query=any,contains,i0%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%91%E6%88%B0%20,%20international%20conference%20on%20coastal%20infrastructure%20development&tab=default_tab&search_scope=My%20Institution&sortby=date&vid=HKU&facet=frbrgroupid,include,498377147&offset=0---https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/cr56p602g#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-1074%2C-96%2C3352%2C1904|journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering|volume=169|issue=6|pages=9–15|doi=10.1680/jcien.15.00073|issn=0965-089X}}</ref> It was the first railway tunnel to cross the Victoria Harbour and also the first subsea railway tunnel in the territory. |
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== Later development == |
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In preparation for the opening of the ] in May 1982, trains began operating in two sections in April 1982, between Kwun Tong and Waterloo (Yau Ma Tei) stations, and between Chater (Central) and Argyle (Mong Kok) stations respectively. The former would become the Kwun Tong line and labelled green on system maps, and the latter became part of the Tsuen Wan line upon its opening, labelled red. ] was added to the north of Argyle station. The Nathan Road corridor and onwards across the harbour to Admiralty remains the busiest stretch of the entire system. |
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== See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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