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{{short description|Marathi and Konkani Hindu new year festival}} {{short description|Marathi and Konkani Hindu new year festival}}
{{see also|Indian New Year's days}} {{see also|Indian New Year's days}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Cleanup lang|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox holiday {{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Gudhi Padwa | holiday_name = Gudi Padwa
|type = Hindu | type = Hindu
|image = A new year procession on Gudi Padwa festival, Dombivli Maharashtra.jpg | image = A new year procession on Gudi Padwa festival, Dombivli Maharashtra.jpg
|caption = A Gudhi Padwa new year festive procession in Maharashtra | caption = A Gudi Padwa new year festive procession in Maharashtra
|official_name = Gudhi Padwa | official_name = Gudi Padwa
|nickname = Marathi New Year | nickname = Marathi New Year, Hindu New Year
|longtype=Religious (Hindu), social, cultural | longtype = Religious (Hindu), social, cultural
|observedby = ] and ] ]s | observedby = ] and ] ]s
| date = {{Hindu festival date}}
|begins = Chaitra Shuddha Pratipada
⚫ | celebrations = 1 day
|date = 13 April 2021
| observances = People clean and decorate their houses with colourful rangolis and Gudis.
⚫ |celebrations = 1 day
⚫ | frequency = Annual
|observances =
| relatedto = ], ]
⚫ |frequency = Annual
| date2023 =
|relatedto = Telugu ], Kannada ] and other Hindu new year observations in ] and coastal ] regions
}} }}
{{Hindu festival date info}}
{{Hinduism}} {{Hinduism}}
⚫ '''Gudhi Padwa''' is a spring-time festival that marks the traditional new year for ] and ] Hindus, but is also celebrated by other ]s as well.<ref name="Dalal2010p150">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=150}}</ref> It is celebrated in and around ], ]& the union territory of ] on the first day of the ] month, to mark the beginning of the new year according to the ] method of the ]. ''Padava'' or ''paadvo'' comes from the Sanskrit word ''pratipada'', which is the first day of a lunar fortnight. The ] is observed with colourful floor decorations called '']'', a special ''Gudhi dvaja'' (flag garlanded with flowers, mango& neem leaves, topped with upturned silver or copper vessels), street processions, dancing& festive foods.<ref name="Dalal2010p150"/><ref>, Government of Maharashtra (2016)</ref>


⚫ '''Gudi Padwa''' is a spring festival marking the start of the ] new year for ] and ] Hindus.<ref name="Dalal2010p150">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=150}}</ref> It is celebrated in and around ], ] & ] at the start of ], the first month of the lunisolar ]. ''The'' festival is characterised by colourful floor decorations called '']'', a special ''gudi dvaja''; which is a ] or ] or other piece of cloth garlanded with flowers, mango & neem leaves; a sugar crystal garland called gathi, topped with upturned silver or copper vessels. Celebration also includes street gathering, dancing & festive foods.<ref name="Dalal2010p150"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/maharashtra/festival/gudi-padwa |title=Gudi Padwa, Government of Maharashtra |website=maharashtratourism.gov.in |access-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329141935/https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/maharashtra/festival/gudi-padwa|archive-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>
⚫ In Maharashtra, first day of the bright phase of the moon is called ''Gudhi Padwa'' in Marathi, ''pāḍya'' ({{lang-knn|पाडयो}}; {{lang-kn|ಪಾಡ್ಯ}}; ]: పాడ్యమి, ''paadyami''). Konkani Hindus variously refer to the day as सौसार पाडवो or सौसार पाडयो (''saṁsāra pāḍavo / saṁsāra pāḍye''), संसार (''saṁsāra'') being a corruption of the word संवत्सर (''saṁvatsara''). Telugu Hindus celebrate the same occasion as ], while Kannada Hindus in ] refer to it as युगादि, ಯುಗಾದಿ (''yugādi''). The Sindhi community celebrates this day as Cheti Chand as the new year and observed as the emergence day of Lord Jhulelal. Prayers are offered to Lord Jhulelal and the festival is celebrated by making delicacies like Tahiri (sweet rice) and Sai Bhaji (spinach cooked with a sprinkle of chana dal).<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Cheti Chand 2021: History and Significance of Jhulelal Jayanti|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/cheti-chand-2021-history-and-significance-of-jhulelal-jayanti-3634508.html|access-date=13 April 2021|work=News18|language=en}}</ref>


]
⚫ However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five day ] festival.<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48"/> For many others, the new year falls on ] between 13 and 15 April, according to the solar cycle part of the Hindu lunisolar calendar and this is by far the most popular not only among Hindus of the ] but also among Buddhists and Hindus in many parts of southeast Asia.<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48">{{cite book|author1=Karen Pechilis| author2=Selva J. Raj|title= South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48| year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-44851-2|pages=48–49}}</ref>

⚫ In Maharashtra, the first day of the bright phase of the moon is called ''gudhi paadwaa'' ({{langx|mr|गुढी पाडवा}}), ''pādvo'' ({{langx|knn|पाडयो}}; {{langx|kn|ಪಾಡ್ಯ}}; ]: పాడ్యమి, ''paadyami''). Konkani Hindus variously refer to the day as ''sausāra pāḍavo'' or ''sausāra pāḍyo'' (सौसार पाडवो and सौसार पाडयो, respectively).Kannada Hindus in ] refer to it as '' ]'' (युगादि/ ಯುಗಾದಿ),while,Telugu Hindus celebrate the same occasion as '']'', ] celebrate the day as '']'', it is observed as the emergence of the day of ]. Prayers are offered to Jhulelal, and the festival is celebrated by making delicacies like ''tahiri'' (sweet rice) and '']''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Cheti Chand 2021: History and Significance of Jhulelal Jayanti|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/cheti-chand-2021-history-and-significance-of-jhulelal-jayanti-3634508.html|access-date=13 April 2021|work=News18|language=en}}</ref>

⚫ However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five-day ] festival.<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48"/> For many others, the new year falls on ] between 13 and 15 April, according to the solar cycle part of the Hindu lunisolar calendar and this is by far the most popular not only among Hindus of the ] but also among Buddhists and Hindus of ].<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48">{{cite book|author1=Karen Pechilis| author2=Selva J. Raj|title= South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48| year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-44851-2|pages=48–49}}</ref>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2018}}
⚫ Gudhi means flag, erect flag on the houses as part of celebration in Maharashtra where its mainly celebrated. According to Kittel word belongs to South Indian language origin.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gowda|first1=Deve|last2=Gowda|first2=Javare|title=Village Names of Mysore District: An Analytical Study|year=1998|isbn=81-206-1390-2|page=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU5A5SG9GWcC&q=gudi&pg=PA55|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> The word ''pāḍavā'' is derived from the ] word ''pratipad'' for the first day of each fortnight in a lunar month i.e. the first day on which the moon appears after the so-called "new moon" day ('']'') and the first day after the full moon. A ''Gudhi'' is also hoisted on this occasion giving this festival its name. The term ''padva'' or ''padavo'' is also associated with balipratipad the third day of ]<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 November 2020|title=Balipratipada: Bali Puja 2020 date: Bali Pratipada story and significance|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/bali-puja-2020-date-bali-pratipada-story-and-significance/articleshow/79167061.cms|access-date=13 April 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> which is another celebration that comes at the end of the harvesting season.


⚫ ''Gudi'' means 'flag'; according to Kittel, the term is of South Indian origin.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gowda|first1=Deve|last2=Gowda|first2=Javare|title=Village Names of Mysore District: An Analytical Study|year=1998|isbn=81-206-1390-2|page=55|publisher=Asian Educational Services |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU5A5SG9GWcC&q=gudi&pg=PA55|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> The word ''pāḍavā'' is derived from the ] word ''pratipad'' for the first day of each fortnight in a lunar month, or the first day on which the moon appears after the "new moon" day ('']'') and the first day after the full moon. A ''Gudhi'' is also hoisted on this occasion, gives this festival its name. The term ''padva'' or ''padavo'' is also associated with ].<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 November 2020|title=Balipratipada: Bali Puja 2020 date: Bali Pratipada story and significance|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/bali-puja-2020-date-bali-pratipada-story-and-significance/articleshow/79167061.cms|access-date=13 April 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
{{See also|Balipratipada}}


==Significance== == Significance ==
⚫ Gudi Padva signifies the arrival of spring and the reaping of rabi crops.<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa/significance.php |title=Significance of Gudhi Padwa |publisher=Hindu Jagriti Samiti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414224831/http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa/significance.php |archive-date=14 April 2013 }}</ref> The festival is linked to the day on which the Hindu god ] created time and the universe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gudi Padwa 2021: Date, Time, History, Celebration, Significance|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/gudi-padwa-festival/|access-date=13 April 2021|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US|date=12 April 2021}}</ref> To some, it commemorates the coronation of Rama in Ayodhya after his victory over Ravana, or the start of the Shalivahan calendar after he defeated the Huns in the first century.<ref>, government of Maharashtra Tourism Office</ref> According to ], in rural Maharashtra, the festival is linked to Shiva's dance and the coming together of the community as they carry the ''Gudi Kavads'' together to a Shiva temple.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anne Feldhaus|title=Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsaADAAAQBAJ |year=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8134-9|pages=48–57, 72–83}}</ref>


⚫ == The guḍhī ==
⚫ Gudhi Padva signifies the arrival of spring and to the reaping of Rabi crops.<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa/significance.php |title=Significance of Gudhi Padwa |publisher=Hindu Jagriti Samiti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130414224831/http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa/significance.php |archive-date=14 April 2013 }}</ref> The festival is linked to the mythical day on which Hindu god ] created time and universe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gudi Padwa 2021: Date, Time, History, Celebration, Significance|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/gudi-padwa-festival/|access-date=13 April 2021|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US|date=12 April 2021}}</ref> To some, it commemorates the coronation of Rama in Ayodhya after his victory over evil Ravana, or alternatively the start of Shalivahan calendar after he defeated the Huns invasion in the 1st century.<ref>, Government of Maharashtra Tourism Office</ref> According to ], in rural Maharashtra the festival is linked to Shiva's dance and coming together of the community as they carry the ''Gudhi Kavads'' together to a Shiva temple.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anne Feldhaus|title=Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsaADAAAQBAJ |year=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8134-9|pages=48–57, 72–83}}</ref>
⚫ During Gudi Padwa, ''gudi'' (or ''gudhi'') are arranged at every household. It is a bright, colorful silk scarf-like cloth tied at the top of a long bamboo. On top of it, one or more boughs of ] and mango leaves are attached with a garland of flowers. It is capped with a silver, bronze, or copper pot (''handi'' or ''kalash''), signifying victory or achievement.<ref name=crump114>{{cite book|author=William D. Crump|title=Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |year=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9545-0|page=114}}</ref><ref name=feldhaus48/>

⚫ == The Guḍhī ==
]
⚫ A notable sight during Gudhi Padwa are the numerous ''Gudhi'' (or ''Gudhi'') arrangements at every household. It is a bright colourful silk scarf-like cloth tied at the top of a long bamboo. On top of it, one or more boughs of ] leaves and mango leaves are attached along with a garland of flowers. This arrangement is capped with a silver, bronze or copper pot (''handi'' or ''kalash'') signifying victory or achievement.<ref name=crump114>{{cite book|author=William D. Crump|title=Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |year=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9545-0|page=114}}</ref><ref name=feldhaus48/> The whole arrangement is hoisted outside each household, typically to the right, or through a window or terrace. It is visible to everybody. Villages or neighbourhoods also come together and host a community ''Gudhi Kavad'', which they carry together to the local Shiva temple.


Some temples are located on the top of hills, and groups work together to help reach the ''kavad'' to the top.<ref name=feldhaus48>{{cite book|author=Anne Feldhaus|title=Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsaADAAAQBAJ |year=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8134-9|pages=48–57}}</ref> Some temples are located on the top of hills, and groups work together to help reach the ''kavad'' to the top.<ref name=feldhaus48>{{cite book|author=Anne Feldhaus|title=Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsaADAAAQBAJ |year=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8134-9|pages=48–57}}</ref>


⚫ Some of the significances attributed to raising a Gudhi are as follows:
] ]
⚫ *It symbolises the victory of King ] and was hoisted by his people when he returned to ].<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance" />
*Gudhi symbolises the ''Brahmadhvaj'' (translation: ]’s flag) mentioned in the ], because Lord Brahma created the universe on this day. It may also represent ''Indradhvaj'' (translation: the flag of ]).<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance" />
*Historically, the Gudhi symbolises Lord ]’s victory and happiness on returning to Ayodhya after slaying Ravana. Since a symbol of victory is always held high, so is the gudhi (flag). It is believed that this festival is celebrated to commemorate the coronation of ] post his return to Ayodhya after completing 14 years of exile.<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance" />
⚫ *Gudhi is believed to ward off evil, invite prosperity and good luck into the house.<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance" />


⚫ Some of the significances attributed to raising a ''gudi'' are as follows:<ref name="gudhipadwasignificance" />
⚫ ==Festivities==
]
On the festive day, courtyards in village houses will be swept clean and plastered with fresh cow-dung. Even in the city, people take the time out to do some spring cleaning. Women and children work on intricate ] designs on their doorsteps, the vibrant colours mirroring the burst of colour associated with spring. Everyone dresses up in new clothes and it is a time for family gatherings.


⚫ *It symbolises the victory of King ] and was hoisted by his people when he returned to ].
⚫ Traditionally, families prepare a special dish that mixes various flavours, particularly the bitter leaves of the ] tree and sweet jaggery (''gur, gul''). Additional ingredients include sour tamarind and astringent dhane seeds. This, like the pacchadi recipe used in ] festival, is eaten as a reminder of life's sweet and bitter experiences, as well as a belief that the neem-based mixture has health benefits.<ref name=crump114/><ref>{{cite book|author=Ernest Small|title=Top 100 Exotic Food Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au3RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA411|year=2011|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-5688-8|page=411}}</ref>
*It symbolises Brahma's flag mentioned in the ], and may also represent Indra's flag.
⚫ *It is believed to ward off evil, invite prosperity and good luck into the house.


⚫ ==Festivities==
Maharashtrian families also make many other festive dishes, such as ] and ] or ] on this day.
⚫ ]Traditionally, families prepare a special dish that mixes various flavours, particularly the bitter leaves of the ] tree and sweet jaggery (''gur, gul''). Additional ingredients include sour tamarind and astringent dhane seeds. This, like the pacchadi recipe used in ] festival, is eaten as a reminder of life's sweet and bitter experiences and a belief that the neem-based mixture has health benefits.<ref name=crump114/><ref>{{cite book|author=Ernest Small|title=Top 100 Exotic Food Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au3RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA411|year=2011|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-5688-8|page=411}}</ref>

==Guḍhī Pāḍavā in other languages, states and people==
⚫ Known as Guḍhī Pāḍavā ("Gudhee Paadavaa") in ], this festival is also known as<ref name="hindujagruti">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa |title=Chaitra Shukla Pratipada (Gudhi Padwa) |publisher=Hindu Janajagruti Samiti}}</ref>
⚫ *''Samvatsar Padvo'' among Hindu ]s of ] and ] diaspora in ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gajrani|first= S.|title=History, Religion and Culture of India|volume=3|pages=108}}</ref>
*''Yugadi'' among the rest of ] diaspora in ] and '']'' in ] ] and '']'' amongst ]
In other parts of ]<ref name="hindujagruti" /> this festival is celebrated during
⚫ *] in ] and ]
*] in ]
⚫ *] among the ]
It is also celebrated in the North-East state of Manipur as Sajibu Nongma Panba Cheiraoba and also in countries like Nepal, Burma, Cambodia and other nations where there are lot of Hindus. People prepare a variety of food and cuisine on this day and later climb the hillocks in the evening.

In Kashmir, the Kashmiri Hindu or Pundit community, also the Kashmiri Sikh community celebrate this Festival as Navreh, the start of New Lunar Year. A biggish thal viz a brass eating plate is filled with uncooked rice and the new Punchang, the Kashmiri Hindu Ephemeris placed in it. A little cooked rice, curds, salt, all in small cups, crisp currency note and a coin, a pen, some flowers, a golden bangle, a silver ornament, 3 or 5 walnuts are also placed in this Thal. Every one is expected to see this thal, first thing in the morning. Generally, the eldest lady of the household sees it first and then brings it in to show to all sleeping members of the household. Every one is expected to wear a new garment and the children are given some cash to enjoy the festival. The lunch is a feast.

In Punjab, the new year is celebrated as Baisakhi falling mostly on 13 or 14 April, first day of month Naisakh of the Bikram Samavt or calendar.


==Other names==
in Bengal this occasion is celebrated as Naba Barsha, in Assam as Bihu, in Kerala as Vishu, in Tamil Nadu as Putuhandu. It is considered as most auspicious day of the year.
⚫ The festival is also known as<ref name="hindujagruti">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/festivals/gudhipadwa |title=Chaitra Shukla Pratipada (Gudhi Padwa) |publisher=Hindu Janajagruti Samiti}}</ref>
⚫ *'']'' among the ]
*'']'' among the ] in ]
* '']'' among the ] in ] and ]
*'']'' among the ] in ]
⚫ *''Samvatsar Padvo'' among Hindu ]s of ] and ] diaspora in ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gajrani|first= S.|title=History, Religion and Culture of India|volume=3|pages=108}}</ref>
*'']'' or Baisakhi among the ] in ]
*'']'' among the ] in ]
⚫ *'']'' among the south-Indian states of ], ] and ]


==See also== ==See also==

Latest revision as of 06:02, 30 November 2024

Marathi and Konkani Hindu new year festival See also: Indian New Year's days For other traditions of celebrating the lunar new year, see Lunar New Year.

This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Misplaced Pages's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (August 2022)
Gudi Padwa
A Gudi Padwa new year festive procession in Maharashtra
Official nameGudi Padwa
Also calledMarathi New Year, Hindu New Year
Observed byMarathi and Konkani Hindus
TypeReligious (Hindu), social, cultural
Celebrations1 day
ObservancesPeople clean and decorate their houses with colourful rangolis and Gudis.
DateChaitra Shukla Pratipada
FrequencyAnnual
Related toUgadi, Cheti Chand
Explanatory note
Hindu festival dates

The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day).

Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.

A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
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Gudi Padwa is a spring festival marking the start of the lunisolar new year for Marathi and Konkani Hindus. It is celebrated in and around Maharashtra, Goa & Damaon at the start of Chaitra, the first month of the lunisolar Hindu calendar. The festival is characterised by colourful floor decorations called rangoli, a special gudi dvaja; which is a saari or dhoti or other piece of cloth garlanded with flowers, mango & neem leaves; a sugar crystal garland called gathi, topped with upturned silver or copper vessels. Celebration also includes street gathering, dancing & festive foods.

Raising gudhi is main ritual of Gudhi Paadvaa

In Maharashtra, the first day of the bright phase of the moon is called gudhi paadwaa (Marathi: गुढी पाडवा), pādvo (Konkani: पाडयो; Kannada: ಪಾಡ್ಯ; Telugu: పాడ్యమి, paadyami). Konkani Hindus variously refer to the day as sausāra pāḍavo or sausāra pāḍyo (सौसार पाडवो and सौसार पाडयो, respectively).Kannada Hindus in Karnataka refer to it as ] (युगादि/ ಯುಗಾದಿ),while,Telugu Hindus celebrate the same occasion as Ugadi, [. Sindhi people celebrate the day as Cheti Chand, it is observed as the emergence of the day of Jhulelal. Prayers are offered to Jhulelal, and the festival is celebrated by making delicacies like tahiri (sweet rice) and sai bhaji.

However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five-day Diwali festival. For many others, the new year falls on Vaisakhi between 13 and 15 April, according to the solar cycle part of the Hindu lunisolar calendar and this is by far the most popular not only among Hindus of the Indian subcontinent but also among Buddhists and Hindus of Southeast Asia.

Etymology

Gudi means 'flag'; according to Kittel, the term is of South Indian origin. The word pāḍavā is derived from the Sanskrit word pratipad for the first day of each fortnight in a lunar month, or the first day on which the moon appears after the "new moon" day (amāvāsya) and the first day after the full moon. A Gudhi is also hoisted on this occasion, gives this festival its name. The term padva or padavo is also associated with Balipratipada.

Significance

Gudi Padva signifies the arrival of spring and the reaping of rabi crops. The festival is linked to the day on which the Hindu god Brahma created time and the universe. To some, it commemorates the coronation of Rama in Ayodhya after his victory over Ravana, or the start of the Shalivahan calendar after he defeated the Huns in the first century. According to Anne Feldhaus, in rural Maharashtra, the festival is linked to Shiva's dance and the coming together of the community as they carry the Gudi Kavads together to a Shiva temple.

The guḍhī

During Gudi Padwa, gudi (or gudhi) are arranged at every household. It is a bright, colorful silk scarf-like cloth tied at the top of a long bamboo. On top of it, one or more boughs of neem and mango leaves are attached with a garland of flowers. It is capped with a silver, bronze, or copper pot (handi or kalash), signifying victory or achievement.

Some temples are located on the top of hills, and groups work together to help reach the kavad to the top.

The Gudhi Padwa festival marks the new year, but also celebrates victory of Maratha warriors in processions.

Some of the significances attributed to raising a gudi are as follows:

  • It symbolises the victory of King Shalivahana and was hoisted by his people when he returned to Paithan.
  • It symbolises Brahma's flag mentioned in the Brahma Purana, and may also represent Indra's flag.
  • It is believed to ward off evil, invite prosperity and good luck into the house.

Festivities

Rangoli made on Gudhi Padwa

Traditionally, families prepare a special dish that mixes various flavours, particularly the bitter leaves of the neem tree and sweet jaggery (gur, gul). Additional ingredients include sour tamarind and astringent dhane seeds. This, like the pacchadi recipe used in Ugadi festival, is eaten as a reminder of life's sweet and bitter experiences and a belief that the neem-based mixture has health benefits.

Other names

The festival is also known as

See also

References

  1. ^ Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  2. "Gudi Padwa, Government of Maharashtra". maharashtratourism.gov.in. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  3. "Cheti Chand 2021: History and Significance of Jhulelal Jayanti". News18. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  4. ^ Karen Pechilis; Selva J. Raj (2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-415-44851-2.
  5. Gowda, Deve; Gowda, Javare (1998). Village Names of Mysore District: An Analytical Study. Asian Educational Services. p. 55. ISBN 81-206-1390-2. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  6. "Balipratipada: Bali Puja 2020 date: Bali Pratipada story and significance". The Times of India. 15 November 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Significance of Gudhi Padwa". Hindu Jagriti Samiti. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013.
  8. "Gudi Padwa 2021: Date, Time, History, Celebration, Significance". S A NEWS. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  9. Gudi Padva, government of Maharashtra Tourism Office
  10. Anne Feldhaus (2003). Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 48–57, 72–83. ISBN 978-1-4039-8134-9.
  11. ^ William D. Crump (2014). Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. McFarland. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7864-9545-0.
  12. ^ Anne Feldhaus (2003). Connected Places: Region, Pilgrimage, and Geographical Imagination in India. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 48–57. ISBN 978-1-4039-8134-9.
  13. Ernest Small (2011). Top 100 Exotic Food Plants. CRC Press. p. 411. ISBN 978-1-4398-5688-8.
  14. "Chaitra Shukla Pratipada (Gudhi Padwa)". Hindu Janajagruti Samiti.
  15. Gajrani, S. History, Religion and Culture of India. Vol. 3. p. 108.
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