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{{Short description|American computer scientist}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = David S. Touretzky | name = David S. Touretzky
| image = Touretzky01.jpg | image = David S. Touretzky.jpg
| image_width = 150px | image_size = 150px
| caption = David Touretzky | caption = David S. Touretzky in 2007
| birth_date = | birth_date =
| birth_place = ] | birth_place = ]
| death_date = | death_date =
| death_place = | death_place =
| residence = ]
| nationality = ] | nationality = ]
| field = ], ] | field = ], ]
| work_institution = ] | work_institution = ]
| alma_mater = ], ], ]<br>], ], ] | alma_mater = ], ], 1978<br />], ], 1984
| doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students = | doctoral_students =
| known_for = | known_for = ], ]
| author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_bot =
| author_abbreviation_zoo = | author_abbreviation_zoo =
| prizes = Distinguished Scientist, ], ] | prizes = Distinguished Scientist, ], 2006

| religion = | religion =
| footnotes = | footnotes =
}} }}
'''David S. Touretzky''' is a ] ] in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at ]. He received a BA in ] at ] in 1978, and earned a master's degree and a ] (1984) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Touretzky has worked as an ] activist in favor of ], especially what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities. He is a notable critic of ].


==Research==
'''David S. Touretzky''' is a ] ] in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at ]. He received a BA in ] at ] in ], and earned a Master's degree and a ] (]) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Touretzky has worked as an ] activist in favor of ], especially what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities. He is a notable critic of ].
Touretzky's research interests lie in the fields of ], ], and learning. This includes ] and animal learning, and in particular ] representation of space in ]s (e.g., in the ]) and in ]s.<ref name="wired">{{cite magazine|last1=McCullagh|first1=Declan|title=A Thorn in Hollywood's Side|url=https://www.wired.com/2001/03/a-thorn-in-hollywoods-side/|magazine=WIRED|access-date=27 April 2018|date=20 March 2001}}</ref> In 2006, he was recognized as a Distinguished Scientist by the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=David S. Touretzky |url=https://awards.acm.org/award_winners/touretzky_1431568 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Association for Computing Machinery |language=en}}</ref>


==Criticism of Scientology==
He has also made numerous racist comments against Blacks, Hispanics, and Muslims in chat room discussions, and supports bombing ]: ''"Bomb bomb bomb, bomb bomb Iran Bomb Ira-a-a-n, because we ca-a-a-n…. the arabs and persians are still crazy f–ks, so what are we gonna do?"'' On Muslims he has stated: ''"F–k the Muslims. … check out the bloody Muslims .. jeez what loons."''
{{TOCleft}}


Since the 1990s, Touretzky has worked to expose the actions of the ]. He sees the actions of the organization as a threat to free speech, and he has taken a prominent part in Internet-based activism to oppose it, also appearing regularly as a critic in radio and print. He has also worked to expose what he sees as dangerous and potentially life-threatening treatments provided by ], the Scientology-based drug rehabilitation program. He maintains a Web site named ''Stop Narconon'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Stop-Narconon.org: Protecting the Vulnerable from Narconon/Scientology|url=http://stop-narconon.org/|website=stop-narconon.org|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref> which archives media articles critical of the program. Dr. Touretzky's research into Narconon was a primary source of information for a series of '']'' newspaper articles criticizing Narconon on June 9 and June 10, 2004 that ultimately led to the organization's program being rejected by the California school system in early 2005.<ref>Nanette Asimov, "", '']'', February 23, 2005.</ref>
== Research ==


Touretzky has undertaken extensive research into the secret upper levels of Scientology, and he has made this information available to the public on the ''OT III Scholarship Page'' (concerning ]) and the ''NOTs Scholars Page''<ref name = wired /><ref>{{cite web|title=NOTs Scholars Home Page (Scientology)|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/NOTs/|website=www.cs.cmu.edu|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref> (concerning the higher ] levels). These pages, he states, are academic studies of Scientology's texts, and the proprietary materials are therefore legally available due to careful application of the academic ] provisions of copyright law.<ref>{{cite web|title=Analysis and response to Roger M. Milgrim, noted intellectual property attorney at Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/NOTs/legal/milgrim-reply.txt|access-date=27 April 2018|date=16 September 1996}}</ref> The Church has failed in their attempts to have them removed, after repeatedly threatening Touretzky with lawsuits<ref>{{cite web|title=RTC's Lawyers React to the "NOTs Scholars Home Page"|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/NOTs/legal/milgrim-letter.html|website=www.cs.cmu.edu|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref><ref name = wired /> and filing complaints against him with Carnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Mark C Rathbun|author-link1=Mark Rathbun|title=Scientology Infiltrates Carnegie Mellon University|url=https://markrathbun.blog/2014/03/06/scientology-infiltrates-carnegie-mellon-university/|website=Moving On Up a Little Higher|access-date=27 April 2018|date=7 March 2014}}</ref> Carnegie Mellon, in turn, has issued statements in support of Professor Touretzky, noting that his criticism of Scientology is a personal affair and not the opinion of the University itself.
Touretzky's research interests lie in the fields of ], ], and learning. This includes ] and animal learning, and in particular ] representation of space in ]s (e.g., in the ]) and in ]s. In ] he was recognized as a Distinguished Scientist by the ].<ref></ref>


Touretzky has been the object of public attacks by the Church of Scientology, including various "]" campaigns against him. He has been accused of religious bigotry, racism, misogyny, misuse of government funds, support for terrorism, and collusion with the pharmaceutical industry, among other misdeeds.<ref>{{cite news|title=David S. Touretzky discusses Scientology, Anonymous and Tom Cruise |url=https://en.wikinews.org/David_S._Touretzky_discusses_Scientology,_Anonymous_and_Tom_Cruise|newspaper=Wikinews |access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|date=6 February 2008}}</ref>
== Criticism of Scientology ==


==Free-speech activism==
Since the late 1990s, Touretzky has worked to expose the actions of the ]. He sees the actions of the organization as a threat to free speech, and he has taken a prominent part in Internet-based activism to oppose it, also appearing regularly as a critic in radio and print. He has also worked to expose what he sees as dangerous and potentially life-threatening treatments provided by ], the Scientology-based drug rehabilitation program. He maintains a Web site entitled '','' which archives media articles critical of the program. Dr. Touretzky's research into Narconon was a primary source of information for a series of '']'' newspaper articles criticizing Narconon on June 9 and June 10, 2004 that ultimately led to the organization's program being rejected by the California school system in early 2005.{{ref|asimov}}
David Touretzky is an Internet free-speech ]. He has supported several movements in what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities.


In 2000, Touretzky testified as an expert witness for the defense in ], a suit brought by seven motion picture studios against the publishers of '']'' (the case name refers to Shawn Reimerdes, an unrelated defendant who settled prior to trial.) The suit concerned the publication of ] decryption software known as ], which the plaintiffs asserted was illegal under the ]. Dr. Touretzky testified as an expert in computer science on the expressive nature of computer code, and convinced the court that code was indeed speech. Touretzky also created an online gallery of various renditions of the DeCSS software. Readers sent in their own renditions of the decryption algorithm, including a mathematical description, a haiku, and a square dance.
Touretzky has undertaken extensive research into the secret ], and he has made this information available to the public on the ''OT III Scholarship Page''.{{ref|dstotiii}} (concerning ]) and the ''NOTs Scholars Page'' .{{ref|dstnots}} (concerning the higher ] levels). These pages, he states, are academic studies of Scientology's texts, and the proprietary materials are therefore legally available due to careful application of the academic ] provisions of copyright law. The Church has failed in their attempts to have them removed, after repeatedly threatening Touretzky with lawsuits and filing complaints against him with Carnegie Mellon University. Carnegie Mellon, in turn, has issued statements in support of Professor Touretzky, noting that his criticism of Scientology is a personal affair and not the opinion of the University itself.


In reaction to the federal prosecution and eventual imprisonment of 18-year-old political activist ] for hosting ] entitled ''Reclaim Guide'' on his web site, Dr. Touretzky provided a ] on his Carnegie Mellon website for more than two years, although he acknowledged on the website that his own reposting of the information did not violate the plain language of the statute under which Austin was convicted.<ref>David S. Touretzky, "", online document, version of July 12, 2005.</ref> In May 2004, to avoid harassment of the university and controversy in the media, Dr. Touretzky moved the mirror from the Carnegie Mellon server to a private site.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216085128/http://www.wpxi.com/target11/2176679/detail.html |date=2005-02-16 }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050416050956/http://forbiddenspeech.org/ReclaimGuide/reclaim.shtml |date=2005-04-16 }}. (''Touretzky's mirror of the bomb-making instructions hosted by Sherman Austin.'')</ref>
Touretzky has been the object of public attacks by the Church of Scientology, including various "]" campaigns against him.{{ref|razor-letters}} He has been accused of religious bigotry, racism, misogyny, misuse of government funds, support for terrorism, and collusion with the pharmaceutical industry, among other misdeeds.{{ref|xenutv}}


In 2011, Touretzky began hosting a mirror of the website of ], containing executable files and instructions facilitating the ] of the Sony ], after Sony filed lawsuits against Hotz and other hackers aiming to utilize the takedown provisions of the ] to remove the content from the Internet.
== Free speech activism ==


==Publications==
David Touretzky is an Internet free speech ]. He has supported several movements in what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities:
;Books:
*David S. Touretzky, ''The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems (Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence)'', ]: Morgan Kaufmann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-934613-06-0}}.
*David S. Touretzky, ''Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation'', ]: Benjamin Cummings, 1990. {{ISBN|0-8053-0492-4}}. Out of print, but are available.
*David S. Touretzky, ''Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation'', ]: ], 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-486-49820-1}}. The Dover edition, first published in 2013, is a revised republication of work originally published by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., in 1990.


;Articles:
* In 2000, Touretzky testified as an expert witness for the defense in ], a suit brought by seven motion picture studios against the publishers of '']'' (the case name refers to Shawn Reimerdes, an unrelated defendant who settled prior to trial.) The suit concerned the publication of ] decryption software known as ], which the plaintiffs asserted was illegal under the ]. Dr. Touretzky testified as an expert in computer science on the expressive nature of computer code, and convinced the court that code was indeed speech. Touretzky also created an online gallery of various renditions of the DeCSS software. Readers sent in their own renditions of the decryption algorithm, including a mathematical description, a haiku, and a square dance.
* David S. Touretzky, "Viewpoint: Free speech rights for programmers", '']'' 44(8):23&ndash;25, August 2001. {{doi|10.1145/381641.381651}}, . (''On DeCSS.'')
* David S. Touretzky and Peter Alexander, "", ''Razor'', 2003. (''On Scientology.'')


;Other:
* In reaction to the federal prosecution and eventual imprisonment of 18-year old political activist ] for hosting bomb-making instructions entitled ''Reclaim Guide'' on his web site, Dr. Touretzky provided a ] on his Carnegie Mellon website for more than two years.{{ref|raisethefist}} In May 2004, to avoid harassment of the university, Dr. Touretzky moved the mirror from the Carnegie Mellon server to a private site.{{ref|reclaim}} The US government has not commented on the mirror.
* David S. Touretzky et al., "".
* Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 8: Proceedings of the 1995 Conference (editor) {{ISBN|0-262-20107-0}}
* Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7: Proceedings of the 1994 Conference (editor) {{ISBN|0-262-20104-6}}
* Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School (co-author) {{ISBN|0-8058-1590-2}}
* Connectionist Models: Proceedings of the 1990 Summer School (co-author) {{ISBN|1-55860-156-2}}
* Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models (co-author) {{ISBN|1-55860-035-3}}


==References==
:"This particular Web site seems to threaten some people yet at the same time Professor Touretzky believes he has a right to express himself as he sees fit." &ndash; Peter Madsen, executive director, Center for the Advancement of Applied Ethics at Carnegie Mellon.
{{Reflist}}

== Quotes ==

{{cquote|No wonder Scientology hates the Internet.}}

== Publications by Touretzky ==

Books:
*David S. Touretzky, ''The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems (Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence) '', ]: Morgan Kaufmann, ]. ISBN 0-934613-06-0.
*David S. Touretzky, ''Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation'', ]: Benjamin Cummings, ]. ISBN 0-8053-0492-4. Out of print, but are available.

Articles:
* David S. Touretzky, "Viewpoint: Free speech rights for programmers", '']'' 44(8):23&ndash;25, August 2001. {{doi|10.1145/381641.381651}}, . (''On DeCSS.'')
* David S. Touretzky and Peter Alexander, "", ''Razor'', 2003. (''On Scientology.'')

Other:
* David S. Touretzky et al., "".
* Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 8: Proceedings of the 1995 Conference (editor) ISBN 0-262-20107-0
* Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7: Proceedings of the 1994 Conference (editor) ISBN 0-262-20104-6
* Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School (co-author) ISBN 0-8058-1590-2
* Connectionist Models: Proceedings of the 1990 Summer School (co-author) ISBN 1-55860-156-2
* Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models (co-author) ISBN 1-55860-035-3

== Notes ==

#{{note|asimov}}Nanette Asimov, "", '']'', ], ].
#{{note|dstotiii}}David Touretzky, online document, version of ], ]
#{{note|dstnots}}David Touretzky, online document, undated version
#{{note|razor-letters}}, ''Razor'', February 2004.
#{{note|xenutv}}"", ''Xenu TV'', ], ].
#{{note|raisethefist}}David S. Touretzky, "", online document, version of ], ].
#{{note|reclaim}}. (''Touretzky's mirror of the bomb-making instructions hosted by Sherman Austin.'')

== Further reading ==


===Further reading===
{{Refbegin}}
* Relating to DeCSS and ''MPAA v. 2600'': * Relating to DeCSS and ''MPAA v. 2600'':
**, ], ]. (''Complete text of Dr. Touretzky's DeCSS testimony.'') **, July 25, 2000. (''Complete text of Dr. Touretzky's DeCSS testimony.'')
** Damian Cave, "", '']'', ], ]. ** Damian Cave, "", '']'', September 13, 2000.
** ], "", '']'', ], ]. ** ], "", '']'', March 20, 2001.
** David F. Gallagher, "", '']'', ], ]. ** David F. Gallagher, " {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312081225/http://homepages.law.asu.edu/%7Edkarjala/cyberlaw/GallagherTouretzkyArtNYT3-30-01.html |date=2005-03-12 }}", '']'', March 30, 2001.
** David P. Hamilton, "", '']'', ], ]. ** David P. Hamilton, "", '']'', April 12, 2001.

* Relating to Dr. Touretzky's mirror of bomb-making instructions originally hosted by Sherman Austin: * Relating to Dr. Touretzky's mirror of bomb-making instructions originally hosted by Sherman Austin:
** Sarah Hennenberger, "", ''The Tartan'' (Carnegie Mellon campus newspaper), 2002. ** Sarah Hennenberger, "", ''The Tartan'' (Carnegie Mellon campus newspaper), 2002.
** Karen Welles, "", ''Target 11'', WPXI, ], ], ]. ** Karen Welles, "", ''Target 11'', WPXI, ], May 2, 2003.
** John Middleton, "", Citizens Against Government Waste (an organization backed by ] and the ] ), ], ]. ** John Middleton, "", Citizens Against Government Waste (an organization backed by ] and the ] ), May 1, 2004.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* hosted at Carnegie Mellon University


;In the media
== External links ==
*Referred to in discussion of ]'s L. Ron Hubbard Middle School in , ], June 29, 2008 and further commentary on ]: .


{{Portal bar|Internet}}
* Dr. Touretzky's personal Carnegie Mellon websites
{{Scientology and the Internet}}
**
**
** from his CMU website to an external server.


{{Authority control}}
* Scientology "]" websites and articles on Dr. Touretzky
**
**
* about ] on ]


] {{DEFAULTSORT:Touretzky, David S.}}
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Latest revision as of 21:24, 21 November 2024

American computer scientist
David S. Touretzky
David S. Touretzky in 2007
BornUnited States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materRutgers University, B.A., 1978
Carnegie Mellon University, Ph.D., 1984
Known forCriticism of Scientology, free speech activism
AwardsDistinguished Scientist, Association for Computing Machinery, 2006
Scientific career
FieldsArtificial intelligence, computational neuroscience
InstitutionsCarnegie Mellon University

David S. Touretzky is a research professor in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University. He received a BA in Computer Science at Rutgers University in 1978, and earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. (1984) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Touretzky has worked as an Internet activist in favor of freedom of speech, especially what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities. He is a notable critic of Scientology.

Research

Touretzky's research interests lie in the fields of artificial intelligence, computational neuroscience, and learning. This includes machine learning and animal learning, and in particular neural representation of space in rodents (e.g., in the hippocampus) and in robots. In 2006, he was recognized as a Distinguished Scientist by the Association for Computing Machinery.

Criticism of Scientology

Since the 1990s, Touretzky has worked to expose the actions of the Church of Scientology. He sees the actions of the organization as a threat to free speech, and he has taken a prominent part in Internet-based activism to oppose it, also appearing regularly as a critic in radio and print. He has also worked to expose what he sees as dangerous and potentially life-threatening treatments provided by Narconon, the Scientology-based drug rehabilitation program. He maintains a Web site named Stop Narconon, which archives media articles critical of the program. Dr. Touretzky's research into Narconon was a primary source of information for a series of San Francisco Chronicle newspaper articles criticizing Narconon on June 9 and June 10, 2004 that ultimately led to the organization's program being rejected by the California school system in early 2005.

Touretzky has undertaken extensive research into the secret upper levels of Scientology, and he has made this information available to the public on the OT III Scholarship Page (concerning Xenu) and the NOTs Scholars Page (concerning the higher Operating Thetan levels). These pages, he states, are academic studies of Scientology's texts, and the proprietary materials are therefore legally available due to careful application of the academic fair use provisions of copyright law. The Church has failed in their attempts to have them removed, after repeatedly threatening Touretzky with lawsuits and filing complaints against him with Carnegie Mellon University. Carnegie Mellon, in turn, has issued statements in support of Professor Touretzky, noting that his criticism of Scientology is a personal affair and not the opinion of the University itself.

Touretzky has been the object of public attacks by the Church of Scientology, including various "dead agent" campaigns against him. He has been accused of religious bigotry, racism, misogyny, misuse of government funds, support for terrorism, and collusion with the pharmaceutical industry, among other misdeeds.

Free-speech activism

David Touretzky is an Internet free-speech activist. He has supported several movements in what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities.

In 2000, Touretzky testified as an expert witness for the defense in Universal City Studios et al. v. Reimerdes et al., a suit brought by seven motion picture studios against the publishers of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly (the case name refers to Shawn Reimerdes, an unrelated defendant who settled prior to trial.) The suit concerned the publication of DVD decryption software known as DeCSS, which the plaintiffs asserted was illegal under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Dr. Touretzky testified as an expert in computer science on the expressive nature of computer code, and convinced the court that code was indeed speech. Touretzky also created an online gallery of various renditions of the DeCSS software. Readers sent in their own renditions of the decryption algorithm, including a mathematical description, a haiku, and a square dance.

In reaction to the federal prosecution and eventual imprisonment of 18-year-old political activist Sherman Austin for hosting bomb-making instructions entitled Reclaim Guide on his web site, Dr. Touretzky provided a mirror on his Carnegie Mellon website for more than two years, although he acknowledged on the website that his own reposting of the information did not violate the plain language of the statute under which Austin was convicted. In May 2004, to avoid harassment of the university and controversy in the media, Dr. Touretzky moved the mirror from the Carnegie Mellon server to a private site.

In 2011, Touretzky began hosting a mirror of the website of George Hotz, containing executable files and instructions facilitating the jailbreaking of the Sony PlayStation 3, after Sony filed lawsuits against Hotz and other hackers aiming to utilize the takedown provisions of the DMCA to remove the content from the Internet.

Publications

Books
Articles
Other

References

  1. ^ McCullagh, Declan (20 March 2001). "A Thorn in Hollywood's Side". WIRED. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  2. "David S. Touretzky". Association for Computing Machinery. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
  3. "Stop-Narconon.org: Protecting the Vulnerable from Narconon/Scientology". stop-narconon.org. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  4. Nanette Asimov, "Schools urged to drop antidrug program, Scientology-linked teachings inaccurate, superintendent says", San Francisco Chronicle, February 23, 2005.
  5. "NOTs Scholars Home Page (Scientology)". www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  6. "Analysis and response to Roger M. Milgrim, noted intellectual property attorney at Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker". 16 September 1996. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  7. "RTC's Lawyers React to the "NOTs Scholars Home Page"". www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  8. Mark C Rathbun (7 March 2014). "Scientology Infiltrates Carnegie Mellon University". Moving On Up a Little Higher. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  9. "David S. Touretzky discusses Scientology, Anonymous and Tom Cruise". Wikinews. 6 February 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  10. David S. Touretzky, "What the FBI does not want you to see at RaisetheFist.com", online document, version of July 12, 2005.
  11. CMU Professor's Web Site Causing Controversy Archived 2005-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Break The Bank-DC S30 2001 Archived 2005-04-16 at the Wayback Machine. (Touretzky's mirror of the bomb-making instructions hosted by Sherman Austin.)

Further reading

External links

In the media
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