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{{Short description|City in Tamil Nadu, India}}
:''For the verb "erode" meaning "to wear down", as in geology etc, see ].''
{{About|the city in Tamil Nadu, India|}}
:''For Erode district page see ]''
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
<!-- See ] for details -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{India city infobox |
{{Infobox settlement
native_name=Erode |
| name = Erode
image_map=WikiprojectIndiacities_erode.png |
| settlement_type = City
latd = 11.21|longd=77.43|
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
state_name=Tamilnadu |
| photo1a=Cauvery at Erode.JPG
district=]|
| photo1b=Erode District Collector's Office.jpg
altitude=183|
| photo2a=Erode-Junction-Railway-Station-ED.JPG
population_as_of = 2006 |
| photo2b=Erode brough road.JPG
population_total = 4,99,000 |
| photo3a=Thindal4.jpg
population_density = ? |
| spacing = 1
area_magnitude=1 E? |
| size = 250
area_total=8,162 |
| position = center
area_telephone= 0424 |
| border = 0
postal_code= 638 |
| foot_montage = From top, left to right: ], ], ], Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and ]
vehicle_code_range= TN33 |
}}
footnotes = |
| nicknames = Turmeric city <br /> Textile city
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|20|27.2|N|77|43|01.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type =
| parts =
| government_type = ]
| governing_body = ]
| leader_title1 = ]
| leader_name1 = S. Nagarathinam (])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 109.52
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 175.3<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earth.google.com|title=Coordinates_and_Elevation_Erode_Tamil_Nadu_Indiapublisher=Google Earth|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
| elevation_ft = 575.1
| population_total = 157,101
| population_metro = 521,776
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank = ]
| population_urban =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = ]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 6380xx
| area_code = 91 (424)
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN 33 (East), TN 86 (West)
| blank_name_sec1 = ] (2020)
| blank_info_sec1 = {{USD|4.70|year=2020|link=yes}}&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8188/overview|title=City overview|work=Metroverse|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://erodecorporation.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = ], ]
| official_name =
}} }}
'''Erode''' (pronounced e-road, where ஈரோடை(e-rodai) by time became as ஈரோடு(e-rode) in ]) is a city in the state of ], India. It is situated on the bank
of the river Cauvery between 121 ° 19.5" and 11 ° 81.05" North latitude and 77 ° 42.5" and 77 ° 44.5" East longitude. It has a population of about 5 ]s. Agriculture and handloom textiles play an important role in its economy. It is the 8th largest ] in the state of Tamilnadu. Erode is associated with ], as it was the home town of the leader of Tamil Nadu's anti-Brahmin movement, E. V. Ramaswami Naicker.


'''Erode''' ({{IPA-ta|iːɾoːɽɯ|lang}}; īrōṭu), is a city in the ] of ]. It is located on the banks of the ] and is surrounded by the ]. Erode is the seventh largest ]. It is the administrative capital of ] and is administered by the ] which was established in 2008.
==History==
<!-- Unsourced image removed: ] -->
Erode was under the regimes of ] in 850 A.D. Thereafter (in 1000 A.D. - 1275 A.D.) this place came under the rule of ] with ] as their Headquarters. Subsequently it came under the control of ] (from 1276 A.D.). Only during this period, a ruler by name Veerapandian caused the digging of Kalingarayan Channel. Then the Muslims (Modeen Sulthans) took over the rule after which Nayaks of Madurai ruled. Then ] and ] had their sway. In 1799 when Tippu fell to the British, the ] took over the administration.


The ] was ruled by the ] during the ] between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The ] conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by ] in the 15th century followed by the ] who introduced the ]. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the ] and following the ], the ] annexed it to the ] in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second ] (1801) when it was the area of operations of ].
During Hyder Ali's regime, this town flourished with 300 houses. A population of 1500, a mud fort, with a garrison of 4000 soldiers surrounded by coconut groves and fertile lands bounded on the north by River ] and east by Kalingarayan channel (By Bucchanan 7th and ] ]). But owing to the successive wars of ], ] and British invasions, it become almost deserted and ruined. However, as peace was restored by the British, the people returned and settled here. Within a year it began to grow with 400 houses, and a population of 2000. The garrison withdrew in ], and the ruined fort was levelled as a relief work during the famine in 1877. The place enclosed within the rampart was occupied by the houses. About a mile and half east of the town, there is an old bridge which spans River Cauvery. The wall at "Pechiparai" situated at the present V.O.C.Park was once celebrated for its "wholesome and milky water". There are two old temples - one dedicated to Lord Siva and the other to Lord Vishnu.
The root for the name of the Town "ERODE" may be because of the existence of the two water courses viz., Perumpalayam and Kalingarayan Canal, (hence Eru Odai , meaning two rivers in Tamil). But there is also a legend which says that the place apparently derives its name from the words "Eera Odu" which means "wet skulls". According to the story, Dakshaprajapathi, who had given his daughter in marriage to Lord Siva, conducted a Yaga. For this Yaga, Lord Siva was not invited. However, Dakshyayini came to take part in this Yaga much against the wish of her husband Lord Siva. On coming to Yagakundam, Dakshyayini was not welcomed by her parents or anyone. She was vexed and threw herself in the Yagakundam and burned to ashes. On hearing this, Lord Siva got highly enraged, proceeded to the sacrificial spot and threw every one present including Brahma. The skulls and bones were thrown in River Cauvery and remained wet always. Hence the name "Eera Odu" (wet skull) - ].


Post ] in 1947, Erode was part of ]. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. Erode is a part of ] that elects its ]. Erode is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. Erode is among the largest producers of ] and ] is recognized as ] by the ]. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of ] and ].
==Geography==
Erode is located at {{coor d|11.35|N|77.73|E|}}<ref></ref>. Erode, a special grade Municipal Town is located at a distance of 100 km. East of Coimbatore and is situated on the bank of river Cauvery between 11 ° 19.5" and 11 ° 81.05" North latitude and 77 ° 42.5" and 77 ° 44.5" East latitude . Erode local planning area extends over an area of 76,21Sq.Kms with the population of about 5 lakhs (Town) and about 30 Lakhs (District) as per 2006 ''(estimated)''.It has an average elevation of 183&nbsp;]s (600&nbsp;]).<br /><br />
<!-- Unsourced image removed: ] -->
The district is bounded by ] to the north, and by Kaveri River to the east. Across the ] lie ], ] and ] districts. ] District lies immediately to the south, and ] and The ] districts lie to the west.


==Industries== == Etymology ==
There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Erode. It might have its origin in the ] phrase ''Eeru Odai'' meaning ''two streams'' based on the water courses ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://erode.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/|title=History of Erode district|work=]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Alternatively, it might have been derived from the Tamil phrase ''Eera Odu'' meaning 'wet skull', based on the temple of ] in the city and the ] associated with it.<ref>{{cite book|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities, and Historic Sights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzIer-wYbnQC&q=erode+wet+skull&pg=PA119|page=119|last=Room|first=Adrian|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1814-5|year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place Names|author=John Everett-Heath|year=2017|publisher=]|isbn=978-0-19255-646-2|page=655}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Madras Geographical Association: Volumes 5-6|year=1931|publisher=]|page=31-32}}</ref>
Erode district is one among the industrially developing districts. Industry and Trade occupy a place of prominence in the economy of the district. Industries that flourished in early days in and around Erode area were handloom weaving and carpet manufacturing. The advent of modern era has changed these industries to some extent and the powerloom weaving is slowly replacing it. There are 24189 registered SSI units as on 31.12.2000 in the district besides 59 Large Scale Units.
The district has high concentration of powerloom & Handloom weaving, Rice milling, Edible oil expelling units. The other industries are Tanneries, Chemical & Plastic Products, Paper Products, Basic Metal Products industries etc.


== History ==
'''Infrastructure'''
During ], the region formed a part of the ] region ruled by ] and then by ]. The region came under the ] around 590 ]. Afterward, it was ruled by ] and by ] from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by ] in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the ] established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the ].<ref>{{Cite news|title=The land called Kongunad|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=]|date=19 November 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528171005/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/19/stories/2005111902090200.htm|archive-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Erode became a part of the Hindu ]-ruled ] in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the ] with ] still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under ] rule until the Indian independence in 1947.<ref name="urbaninfra30">Urban Infrastructure Report 2006, p. 30</ref><ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Historical moments|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |publisher=Erode municipality |access-date=29 December 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224145248/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_Historical%20moments.htm |archive-date=24 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="disthistory">{{cite web|title=Historical moments of Erode district|url=http://erode.nic.in/aboutdist.htm|publisher=Erode District Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref>


==Climate==
Infrastructure is recognised as the most important factor as well as promoter of industrial activity in the economy. Availability of Power, Water, Transportation, Industrial Estate, Finance and Technical Education are the important infrastructure for industrial development. Erode district has a good infrastructural base.
Erode has a ] with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from {{convert|80|°F|°C}} to {{convert|96|°F|°C}} with an average rainfall of {{convert|543|mm|in|1|disp=or}}. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because ] (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during ] in October and November. The city covers an area of {{convert|8.44|sqkm|sqm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="abtcity">{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|title=About Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726001227/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_About%20City.htm|archive-date=26 July 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


{{Weather box|width = auto
'''Small Scale Industries'''
|location = Erode (1991–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes


| Jan record high C = 37.0
Small Scale Industries are providing large-scale employment next to Agriculture in this district. It have played a very important role in the districts economy by providing large scale employment opportunities at fairly low capital cost, a wide industrial base, easy scattering of industries in rural areas and concentration of certain industrial groups at specific areas.
| Feb record high C = 37.2
| Mar record high C = 40.6
| Apr record high C = 42.8
| May record high C = 41.8
| Jun record high C = 42.0
| Jul record high C = 39.0
| Aug record high C = 40.0
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 38.6
| Nov record high C = 36.2
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 42.8
| Jan high C = 32.7
| Feb high C = 34.5
| Mar high C = 36.8
| Apr high C = 37.8
| May high C = 38.1
| Jun high C = 37.1
| Jul high C = 36.1
| Aug high C = 35.6
| Sep high C = 35.3
| Oct high C = 33.2
| Nov high C = 31.5
| Dec high C = 31.4
| year high C = 35.0
| Jan low C = 20.4
| Feb low C = 20.5
| Mar low C = 22.2
| Apr low C = 22.9
| May low C = 23.3
| Jun low C = 23.1
| Jul low C = 22.8
| Aug low C = 22.8
| Sep low C = 22.8
| Oct low C = 22.1
| Nov low C = 21.5
| Dec low C = 20.7
| year low C = 22.1
| Jan record low C = 13.0
| Feb record low C = 13.0
| Mar record low C = 17.0
| Apr record low C = 19.0
| May record low C = 19.0
| Jun record low C = 19.0
| Jul record low C = 19.0
| Aug record low C = 19.0
| Sep record low C = 18.0
| Oct record low C = 17.6
| Nov record low C = 14.4
| Dec record low C = 14.0
| year record low C = 13.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.6
| Feb rain mm = 5.4
| Mar rain mm = 12.5
| Apr rain mm = 46.4
| May rain mm = 84.6
| Jun rain mm = 15.1
| Jul rain mm = 19.7
| Aug rain mm = 71.3
| Sep rain mm = 66.5
| Oct rain mm = 146.0
| Nov rain mm = 118.6
| Dec rain mm = 18.7
| year rain mm = 606.5
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.3
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 2.2
| May rain days = 4.2
| Jun rain days = 1.2
| Jul rain days = 1.5
| Aug rain days = 3.8
| Sep rain days = 4.5
| Oct rain days = 9.2
| Nov rain days = 7.0
| Dec rain days = 2.3
| year rain days = 36.9
| time day = 17:30 ]
| Jan humidity = 56
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr humidity = 49
| May humidity = 54
| Jun humidity = 53
| Jul humidity = 57
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 57
| Oct humidity = 65
| Nov humidity = 69
| Dec humidity = 63
|year humidity = 56
|source 1 = ]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = ]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Erode Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 265–266
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref>
}}


==Demographics==
The district stands first for the highest number of units in
{{Historical populations
a) Beverages
|align = right
b) Jute, Hemp & Mesta Textile Products
|state=collapsed
|1901|15529
It stands second in the following sectors.
|1911|16701
a) Food Products
|1921|22911
b) Cotton Textiles
|1931|33672
|1941|39483
It stands fourth in
|1951|57576
a) Basic Metal Products
|1961|73762
Large Scale Industries
|1971|105111
|1981|142252
|1991|159232
|2001|173600
|2011|498129
|footnote=Sources:
* 1901 – 2001<ref name="urbaninfra3134">] 2006, pp. 31-34</ref>
* 2011<ref name="Smart">{{cite web|title=Smart City Challenge-Erode|url=http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/city/erode|publisher=Government of India|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
}}


{{bar box|title=Religion in Erode city<ref name=religion2011/>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|]|DarkOrange|83.15}}{{bar percent|]|Green|12.37}}{{bar percent|]|purple|3.94}}}}
There are 70 Large Scale Industries in this district. Most of the units are cotton textiles. 57 units are textile industries. The following table shows the number of large scale units product wise.


As of 2011, Erode has 521,776<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The city had 43,184 households, with ] accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Erode|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=686226|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As of 2001, 52 slums were identified with 33,000 people residing in slums.<ref name="urbaninfra43">] 2008, p. 43</ref> Per the religious census of 2011, Erode had 83% ], 12% ] and 4% ].<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|format=XLS|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> The population had increased 11 times during the 20th century.<ref name="urbaninfra3134" /> While ] is the main spoken language, English is common as the medium of instruction in educational institutions and in the service sector.<ref name="urbaninfra4">] 2008, p. 4</ref>
{| class="wikitable"

==Economy==
] made in Erode are famous throughout India and are exported]]
The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on agriculture and textiles. It a textile hub specializing in ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Erode has potential to become textile heaven says Narendra Modi|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-erode-has-potential-to-become-a-textile-heaven-says-narendra-modi-1979317|newspaper=DNA India|date=17 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/possibilities-for-improving-vehicular-traffic-flow-explored/article7627408.ece|title=Possibilities for improving vehicular traffic flow explored|date=8 September 2015|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Erode is among the largest producers of ].<ref>Prasad S., Aggarwal, B., Turmeric, the Golden Spice; in: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; editors: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, 2011. </ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118233819/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-12-29/news/28384976_1_turmeric-lakh-bags-quintal|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Turmeric at an all-time high price|date=29 December 2009|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> ] is recognized as ] by the ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070319/erode-turmeric-gets-gi-tag.html|title=Erode turmeric gets GI tag|date=6 March 2019|publisher=]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Erode is one of the largest manufacturers of food products in the state with several food product manufacturers and poultries having established their base in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Erode-a-destination-for-food-processing-sector/article14385160.ece| title = Erode, a destination for food processing sector - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 5 June 2016| last1 = Kathiresan| first1 = Kaviya}}</ref> It also has one of the largest markets for ] and ] in South India.<ref name="industry">{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|title=Industries Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004816/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Industries.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Other major industries include ] processing, paper manufacturing and ] processing. There are several small and medium-scale industries like ] mills, cotton mills, ] manufacturers, ], ], and printing presses are located in the city.

The ] of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's ] growth by 4%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218190238/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/15/stories/2007121553460300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2007|title=Erode GDP is better than that of the State|date=15 December 2007|access-date=2013-07-01|work=]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> According to ] of 2001, urban ] for Erode is 35% with growth in ] and ] and a corresponding decrease in the ]. Major employment is provided by ], ] and oil and ] with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/erode/tomato-glut-dips-prices-in-market/articleshow/62186164.cms|title=Tomato glut dips prices in market |newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 December 2017|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Shifting-of-market-on-the-anvil/article14426815.ece|title=Shifting of market on the anvil|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>

==Administration and politics==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#fff; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; width:300px"
|- |-
! colspan="5" style="background:#a8bdec; text-align:center;"|'''Administration'''
! Industries
! No of Units
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|Mayor||S. Nagarathinam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/erode/whos-who/chairman/|title=Erode, Mayor|publisher=]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
| Textile Industries
| 57
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|Commissioner||V. Sivakrishnamurthy<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erode.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/|title=Erode, Who is Who|publisher=]|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>
| Engineering Industries
| 3
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Parliament||]<ref name="Rit2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/government/loksaba|title=Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu|year=2014|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>
| Sugar Mills
| 2
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||] (Erode West)<ref name="MLA2 of Erode2">{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|title=MLA of Erode West|year=2011|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128113153/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/099.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
| Oil Extraction
| 1
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||] (Erode East)<ref name="MLA1 of Erode2">{{cite web|year=2011|title=Take oath as MLA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/223-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas-of-tamil-nadu-assembly/article34534723.ece|access-date=|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
| Others
| 7
|-
| Total
| 70
|} |}
Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of ] headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are seven law & order police stations located at ], Bazaar, ], ], Rangampalayam, ] and Periyar GH Police Station. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations,%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|title=Erode Police|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004052/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Police%20stations%2C%20Fire%20service%20and%20Rescue.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode is the headquarters of ] which was bifurcated from ] in 1979. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008. City's corporation area covers part of ], ], ] and ] constituencies. Its functions are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT) under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|year=2006|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Erode has 60 wards with an elected councillor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|title=About the municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001900/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_municipality.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The legislative powers are vested in a body of 60 members, one each from the 60 wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|title=Councillors of municipality|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614172753/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/who_Councilors.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson.<ref>{{citation|year=1995|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=2396}}</ref> Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely ] and ] to elect members (MLA) to ] once every five years and forms part of the parliamentary constituency that elects its member (MP) to the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>

==Public services==
{{Main|List of Educational Institutions in Erode}}
As of 2006, there were 46 ] and ]s with four technical institutes. Three types of schools operate in Erode: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts. Schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and may follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or CBSE syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|title=Educational Institutions|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004152/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Education%20Institutions.htm|archive-date=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>


Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by ] (TNEB) as the city along with its suburbs forms Erode Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|title=Important Address|year=2011|publisher=Indian Wind Power Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality from river ] through its eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|title=Water Supply Details|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235346/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|title=Waste management programme|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701061019/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As there is no underground ] system, disposal of ] is through ]s, ] and public conveniences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|title=Erode sewarage|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_UGSS.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> with its {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}} of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|title=Storm water drains of Erode|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Strom%20water%20drains.htm|archive-date=1 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|title=Erode hospitals|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802023538/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|title=Erode street lights|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064918/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|archive-date=8 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|title=Erode markets|year=2011|publisher=Erode Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113023418/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Markets.htm|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>
'''Cottage Industries'''


==Transport==
Cottage Industries are providing large scale employment with low cost investment. In Erode District there are 5915 units registered under cottage industries as on 31.03.2003 and they are providing employment to 6018 persons. Among them the major type of industries are given below.
===Road===
]
Erode maintains {{convert|102|km|mi|abbr=on}} of ] with {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} of ] and rest ]. Additionally, {{convert|16.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} of ]s is maintained by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|title=Erode roads|year=2011|publisher=Erode municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926235341/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> ] 544 connecting ] and ] bypasses the city and the National Highway ] and NH 544H pass through the city. The ] has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode (jeeva) under the Coimbatore division. ], is the second Largest main bus station complex for Tamil Nadu ] and is well connected with the major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states. Private carriers operate long-distance buses connecting to major cities like ], ] etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html|title=S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres|year=2011|publisher=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd.|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327113121/http://www.tnstc.in/counter_address.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/rti/proactive/transport/handbook-tnstc-cbe.pdf|title=Transport Handbook|publisher=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd.|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref> The main arterial roads include:
* ]: Erode – ] – ] – ] – ] – ]
* ]: Erode – ] – ] – ]
* ]: Erode – ] – ] – ]
* SH-79A: Erode – ] – ]
* ]: Erode – ] – ]
* SH-84A: Erode – ] – ] – ]
* ]: Erode – ] – ] – ] – ]
* ]: Erode – ]

===Rail===
] railway station is a major rail junction in ] division of ] with a ] shed and an ] shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/use-of-water-in-trains-for-bathing-leads-to-shortage/article4190405.ece|title=Use of water in trains for bathing leads to shortage|date=12 December 2012|work=The Hindu|access-date=2013-07-01}}</ref> The following are the lines running from Erode junction:


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
!Line No.
! Cottage Industries
!Towards
! No of Units
!Passing Through Station
! Employment
!Type / Track
|- |-
|1
| Tailoring units
|Salem Junction
| 2284
|]
| 2288
|Broad, Electrified – Double Track<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/29/stories/2008012954330600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202160105/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/29/stories/2008012954330600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2008|title=Re-schedule train timings|date=29 January 2008|work=]|access-date=2013-07-01}}</ref>
|- |-
|2
| Weaving of Cotton, Wool, Jute and Silk
|Coimbatore Junction
| 963
|]
| 963
|Broad, Electrified – Double Track<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/palakkaderode-train-commences-service/article4710920.ece|title=Palakkad-Erode train commences service|date=13 May 2013|work=The Hindu|access-date=2013-07-01}}</ref>
|- |-
|3
| Leather Products
|Trichy Junction
| 809
|]
| 810
|Broad, Electrified - Single Track<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/trains-partially-cancelled/article4371486.ece|title=Trains partially cancelled|date=2 February 2013|work=The Hindu|access-date=2013-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| Coir & Coir Products
| 302
| 303
|-
| Gem cutting
| 218
| 281
|-
| Pickle and Mixture making
| 317
| 320
|-
| Bidi Manufacturing
| 121
| 135
|-
| Coconut leaf Thatching
| 319
| 320
|-
| Puffed Rice
| 110
| 120
|-
| Wood Industry
| 209
| 213
|-
| Dehydrated / Dried fruits & vegetables
| 88
| 90
|-
| Pottery
| 107
| 107
|-
| Bamboo Baskets
| 68
| 68
|} |}


==Agriculture== ===Air===
The nearest airport to Erode is ] at a distance of {{cvt|84|km}} which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is ] at a distance of {{cvt|91|km}} with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/coimbatore-airport-to-get-more-facilities/article4097670.ece|title=Coimbatore airport to get more facilities|date=15 November 2012|newspaper=]|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
Agriculture is one of the main occupation of the people from the District of Erode. All type of agricultural goods are being produced and marketed here. The prominent ones are ], ] and ].Being Surrounded by Perinnial rivers, River Cauvery, Bhavani makes erode as agricultural marketting Hub in Tamilnadu

==Climate==
The climate is generally hot and dry. Summer stretches from February to July with its peak during the months of April and May. Temperatures stay above 30 °C and can reach 40 °C. During this time it gets occasional spells of rain. By the end of July temperatures reduce due to the cool breeze that blows through the Palghat. The neighbouring town of Dharapuram gets especially windy during these times. This has led to the saying 'Aadi kaathukku ammiyum nagarum' meaning 'The winds during the month of aadi (usually autumn season) will move even the grinding stone'. During the months of August and September the South-West monsoons start and bring about 100 mm of rain. In October and November it receives the North-East monsoon.


==Places of interest== ==Places of interest==
]
<!-- Unsourced image removed: ] -->
], situated {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city, is the most prominent temple in the city. ], ], the hillock temple of the ] river, ] are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city is built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar (]) praising the ] and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal (]) praising the ] aspects of ] were built. E.V.R Corporation Museum and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House are memorials depicting the life of ]. ] and ] are other visitor attractions around the city.<ref name="tourist">{{Cite web|title=Visitor attracts at Erode |publisher=Erode municipality |url=http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004047/http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Place%20of%20Tourist.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Erode museum to host exhibition on A.W. Brough |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123190042/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/19/stories/2009111951740500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2009|date=19 November 2009|work=] |access-date= 29 December 2012}}</ref> ], located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road (formerly Brough Road) was consecrated in 1933 by Rev. Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian Missionary.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-11-22|title=Renaming of Brough Road opposed|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/renaming-of-brough-road-opposed/article30054745.ece|access-date=2021-08-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Bhavanisagar Dam, Erode
* Dharapuram
* Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, E.V.R Street, Erode
*Thindal - 5 km from Erode, well known for real estate, temple of Lord ].
*Chennimalai - 20 km from Erode, well known town for Handloom Clothes, temple of Lord ].
*Vellode - 15 km from Erode - Birds Sanctuary
*Bhavani - 15 km from Erode - Confluence of rivers Bhavani and Cauvery,
*Kodumudi-35 km from Erode - small town on the banks of river Cauvery with lot of temples
*Bannari Amman Temple located at Sathyamangalam
*Kodiveri-located near gobichetipalayam, popularly known for cine shootings.
*Gobichettipalayam-well known for cine shootings, famous temples including Pariyur Amman Temple, which is entirely built by marble stone.
* Sathyamangalam forest sactuary for wild animals
* Thookanaikan Palayam as known as T.N.Palayam located near gobichetipalayam, popularly known for cine shootings, very ancient Vinayagar temple (Mathalakommbu vinayagar temple) located at T.N.Palayam.
*Kangayam -Sevan Malali(Lord Shiva Temple)- 45 KM from Erode
*Vellakovil- Verakumar Temple(Murugan Temple)- 48 KM from Erode

==Famous People From Erode==
*Dheeran Chinnamalai (Freedom fighter)
*Thirupur Kumaran (Freedom fighter)
*] (Leader of Anti-brahmin movement)
*Mathematician ] - Born in Erode

==Important towns in Erode district==
*Vellakovil
*Gobichettipalayam
*]
*Kangeyam
*Bhavani
*Kodumudi
*Dharapuram
*Perundurai
*Anthiyur
*Modakurichi
*Chennimalai
*Punjai puliyampati

==Important panchayaths in Erode Distict==
*Kanagapuam

==Education==
Erode is primarily an industrial and Agricultural Area. Same way the people in this generation show much importance to the Education also. Due to this Erode has developed as an educational hub. A lot of people from all over the country (especially South India) come and do their higher education in this area. All this growth can be attributed to the High Enterpreneurial skills of the people from this area.
===Institutions for Hotel Management===
*Oasis Institute of hotel Management
===Instituition for Arts and Science===
*Kongu Arts and Science College
*Sri Vasavi College
*Chikkaiah Naiyakar College
*Sree Amman arts and science college
*Bharathithasan college of arts and science
*
*Maharaja College for Women
*Cherraan's Arts and Science College,Kangayam.
*Gobi Arts and Science College, Gobichetti Palayam.
*Navarasam College of Arts and Science
*Bishop Thorp College, Dharapuram.
*Vivekanandhaa college of Arts and Science for Women,Elayampalayam,Trichengodu.

===Engineering Colleges in and around Erode District===
*] (IRTT)
*]
*]
*]
*].
*Nandha Engineering college.
*SSM Engineering college.
*Nachimuthu Engineering college.
*Sasuri Engineering college.
*Erode Senguthar Engineering college.
*Vivekanandhaa college of Engineering for Women,Elayampalayam.Trichengodu.
*Vivekanandhaa Institute of Engineering and Technology,Elayampalayam,Trichengodu.

===Polytechnic Colleges in Erode District===

*], Sakthi nagar.
*],Perundurai.
* Thiru Ramakrishna Nallammai Polytechnic College, Dharapuram - 638 656
* Phone Nos. (04258)230333, 230057 (Office Htline) 9344245345, 9362614119
* Erode Institute of Technology, kavindapadi.
* Erode Institute Of Chemical Technology,Nadupatti,uthukuli main Road,Vijayamangalam-638056

===Pharmacy Colleges in Erode District===
*], Erode
*Vivekanandhaa college of Pharmacy,Elayampalayam,Trichengodu.

===Medical College in Erode ===
*IRT - Perundurai Medical College & Hospital, Perundurai, Erode - 52
''
===Schools around Erode district===
* A.A.G.H.S, Vellakovil-638111
*Rajendran Matric Higher Secondary School, Vadugapatti-638101.
*]
*Sakthi Higher Secondary school, Sakthi Nagar, Appakudal-638315.
*Charitable Trust for Disabled, Mamarathu Palayam
*Kongu National Matriculation school, Nanjanapuram, Erode.
*]
*Vivekananda Matriculation Higher Secondary School, V.Vellode, Erode-638112.
*Shri Ganga Higher Secondary School,Perundurai, Erode
*A.E.T. Matric Hr Secondary School
*Christhu Jyothi Matric Higher Secondary School
*Shree Vidhyalaya Matriculation Higher Secondary School
*CSI Higher secondary school
*]
*Erode Hindu Kalvi Nilayam, Mamarathupalayam
*SSV Higher secondary school, Kodumudi
*SSV Higher secondary school, Sivagiri
*Sengunthar Higher Secondary School
*Sengunthar Matriculation Higher Secondary School
*Kalaimagal Kalvi Nilayam
*Kongu Kalvi Nilayam,Rangampalayam
*Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School
*Navarasam Matriculation Higher Secondary School
*Carmel Matriculation Higher Secondary School
*Kongu Vellalar Matriculation Higher Secondary School
*R N S M M Govt Higher Sec School, Kangayam
*Jayees Matriculation Hr Sec School, Sivanmalai, Kangayam
*Railway Colony Municipal Higher Secondary School
*Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Anthiyur
*Government Boys Higher Secondary School,Perundurai
*Lions Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Avalpoondurai
*Government Boys Higher Secondary School, BHAVANI,
*Government Boys Higher Secondary School, NAMBIYUR.
*Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Erode
*Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Kavindapadi
and more...

== Health Care Organizations ==
Huge number of Health care organizations are available in the city. Also there are several Ambulence service providers are available to help the people for emergency.<br /><br />

== Connectivity ==
The Erode Junction is one of the important and busiest railway junctions of the state. It connects almost all the parts of Tamilnadu. Plenty of trains to other states also passes through the junction. The Nearest Airport is ], which is about 80Km far from the town.<br /><br />
Tamilnadu state Transport Corporation has an head quarters in Erode. The Central Bus terminus of the city is one of the biggest of the state. It can home about 500 buses at a time. The roadway connects all the parts of the state with the town. Plenty of Town buses are plying to connect all the parts.
<br /><br /> Also there are many of the private travel agents functioning in the city.

==Communication==
Airtel , Reliance and Hutch and also the major part covered by BSNL.

==Demographics==
] India ]{{GR|India}}, Erode had a population of 151,184 . ''It is estimated that Erode is having the population about 5Lacks as on 2006''. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Erode has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 72%. In Erode, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.


== Notable people ==
==References==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
<references/>
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* ] (born 1995), actress
* ] (born 1986), actor and director
* ], (1879 - 1973), social reformer
* ] (born 1887), mathematician


==Other navigations== == References ==
{{reflist|2}}
1. <br />


==External links==
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{sister project links|Erode}}
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909031201/http://erodecorporation.gov.in/ |date=9 September 2019 }}
*


{{Erode district}}
]
{{Municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]
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Latest revision as of 13:10, 25 November 2024

City in Tamil Nadu, India This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. For other uses, see Erode (disambiguation).

City in Tamil Nadu, India
Erode
City
From top, left to right: Kaveri river, District collectorate, Erode Junction railway station, Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai and Thindal Murugan Temple
Nicknames: Turmeric city
Textile city
Erode is located in Tamil NaduErodeErodeLocation in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 11°20′27.2″N 77°43′01.6″E / 11.340889°N 77.717111°E / 11.340889; 77.717111
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictErode
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyErode Municipal Corporation
 • MayorS. Nagarathinam (DMK)
Area
 • City109.52 km (42.29 sq mi)
Elevation175.3 m (575.1 ft)
Population
 • City157,101
 • Rank7th in Tamil Nadu
 • Metro521,776
Languages
 • OfficialTamil, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN6380xx
Telephone code91 (424)
Vehicle registrationTN 33 (East), TN 86 (West)
GDP (2020)US$4.70 (equivalent to $5.53 in 2023) billion
Websiteerodecorporation.gov.in

Erode (Tamil: [iːɾoːɽɯ]; īrōṭu), is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Kaveri river and is surrounded by the Western Ghats. Erode is the seventh largest urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative capital of Erode district and is administered by the Erode Municipal Corporation which was established in 2008.

The region was ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period between the 1st and the 4th centuries CE. The medieval Cholas conquered the region in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Palayakkarar system. In the later part of the 18th century, the it came under the Kingdom of Mysore and following the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed it to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.

Post Indian Independence in 1947, Erode was part of Coimbatore district. It was established as the capital of the newly formed Erode district in 1979. Erode is a part of Erode Lok Sabha constituency that elects its member of parliament. Erode is a major agricultural, industrial and educational hub. Erode is among the largest producers of turmeric and Erode Turmeric is recognized as Geographical Indications by the Government of India. The textile boom in the early 20th century and rapid growth due to industrialization has seen Erode becoming a major producer of handloom and knitwear.

Etymology

There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Erode. It might have its origin in the Tamil phrase Eeru Odai meaning two streams based on the water courses Perumpallam and Pichaikaranpallam canals. Alternatively, it might have been derived from the Tamil phrase Eera Odu meaning 'wet skull', based on the temple of Shiva in the city and the mythology associated with it.

History

During Sangam period, the region formed a part of the Kongu Nadu region ruled by Cheras and then by Kalabhras. The region came under the Pandyas around 590 CE. Afterward, it was ruled by Rashtrakutas and by Cholas from the 10th to early 13th century. Erode was annexed by Vijayanagara Empire in 1378 CE till 1559 CE. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom introducing the Palayakkarar system. Erode became a part of the Hindu Wodeyar-ruled Mysore Kingdom in the early 1700s CE before coming under the control of the British East India Company with Maharaja of Mysore still as a nominal ruler. Erode remained under British Colonial rule until the Indian independence in 1947.

Climate

Erode has a semi-arid climate with hot to sweltering temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures range from 80 °F (27 °C) to 96 °F (36 °C) with an average rainfall of 543 millimetres or 21.4 inches. Like the rest of Tamil Nadu, March to June are the hottest and December to January the mildest months of the year. Because the Southwest monsoon (June to August) brings scanty rainfall, the bulk of Erode's rainfall is received during the Northeast monsoon in October and November. The city covers an area of 8.44 km (8,440,000 m).

Climate data for Erode (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.0
(98.6) 		37.2
(99.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		42.8
(109.0) 		41.8
(107.2) 		42.0
(107.6) 		39.0
(102.2) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.6
(101.5) 		36.2
(97.2) 		35.6
(96.1) 		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32.7
(90.9) 		34.5
(94.1) 		36.8
(98.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		38.1
(100.6) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.1
(97.0) 		35.6
(96.1) 		35.3
(95.5) 		33.2
(91.8) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		35.0
(95.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.4
(68.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		20.7
(69.3) 		22.1
(71.8)
Record low °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.0
(64.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.0
(55.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.6
(0.06) 		5.4
(0.21) 		12.5
(0.49) 		46.4
(1.83) 		84.6
(3.33) 		15.1
(0.59) 		19.7
(0.78) 		71.3
(2.81) 		66.5
(2.62) 		146.0
(5.75) 		118.6
(4.67) 		18.7
(0.74) 		606.5
(23.88)
Average rainy days 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.2 4.2 1.2 1.5 3.8 4.5 9.2 7.0 2.3 36.9
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 56 45 46 49 54 53 57 58 57 65 69 63 56
Source: India Meteorological Department

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190115,529—    
191116,701+7.5%
192122,911+37.2%
193133,672+47.0%
194139,483+17.3%
195157,576+45.8%
196173,762+28.1%
1971105,111+42.5%
1981142,252+35.3%
1991159,232+11.9%
2001173,600+9.0%
2011498,129+186.9%
Sources:
  • 1901 – 2001
  • 2011
Religion in Erode city
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu   83.15%
Islam   12.37%
Christianity   3.94%

As of 2011, Erode has 521,776 in population with a sex-ratio of 996, above the national average of 929. A literacy rate of 85% compares favorably to the national average of 73%. The city had 43,184 households, with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounting for 11% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Of its 66,135 workers, 61,382 are classified as other workers and the rest in agriculture and household industries. As of 2001, 52 slums were identified with 33,000 people residing in slums. Per the religious census of 2011, Erode had 83% Hindus, 12% Muslims and 4% Christians. The population had increased 11 times during the 20th century. While Tamil is the main spoken language, English is common as the medium of instruction in educational institutions and in the service sector.

Economy

Fabrics and rugs made in Erode are famous throughout India and are exported

The economy of Erode is dependent majorly on agriculture and textiles. It a textile hub specializing in hand-loom and knitwear. Erode is among the largest producers of turmeric. Erode Turmeric is recognized as Geographical Indications by the Government of India. Erode is one of the largest manufacturers of food products in the state with several food product manufacturers and poultries having established their base in and around the city. It also has one of the largest markets for coconut and coconut oil in South India. Other major industries include leather processing, paper manufacturing and sugarcane processing. There are several small and medium-scale industries like dal mills, cotton mills, vanaspathi manufacturers, wax, screen printing, and printing presses are located in the city.

The GDP of Erode district grew at 15.5% in 2008 ahead of the state's GDP growth by 4%. According to Indian Census of 2001, urban workforce participation rate for Erode is 35% with growth in secondary and tertiary sectors and a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Major employment is provided by textile industry, turmeric industry and oil and rice mills with 69% of its workforce employed in tertiary sector. Nethaji Market is a wholesale, and retail central market for vegetables and fruits with plans to establish a new wholesale market in the outskirts of the city.

Administration and politics

Administration
Mayor S. Nagarathinam
Commissioner V. Sivakrishnamurthy
Member of Parliament A. Ganeshamurthi
Member of Legislative Assembly S. Muthusamy (Erode West)
Member of Legislative Assembly E. V. K. S. Elangovan (Erode East)

Law and order is maintained by Erode sub division of Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are seven law & order police stations located at Karungalpalayam, Bazaar, Surampatti, Veerappanchatram, Rangampalayam, Chithode and Periyar GH Police Station. There are special units like armed reserve, prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch. Erode is the headquarters of Erode District which was bifurcated from Coimbatore District in 1979. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1871, promoted to special-grade during 1980 and upgraded as a corporation in 2008. City's corporation area covers part of Bhavani, Modakurichi, Perundurai and Komarapalayam constituencies. Its functions are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT) under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head. Erode has 60 wards with an elected councillor. The legislative powers are vested in a body of 60 members, one each from the 60 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson. Erode has two state assembly constituencies namely Erode East and Erode West to elect members (MLA) to Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and forms part of the parliamentary constituency that elects its member (MP) to the Indian Parliament.

Public services

Main article: List of Educational Institutions in Erode

As of 2006, there were 46 public and private schools with four technical institutes. Three types of schools operate in Erode: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts. Schools come under the purview of the Erode education district and may follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation or CBSE syllabus. There are four playgrounds in the city.

Electricity supply is regulated and distributed by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) as the city along with its suburbs forms Erode Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters. Water supply is provided by Erode Municipality from river Kaveri through its eight reservoirs. For 2000–01, 14 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city. About 110-125 metric tonnes of solid waste were processed by the sanitary department in 2011. As there is no underground drainage system, disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences with its 192 km (119 mi) of storm water drains. Government General Hospital serves as primary center of healthcare with several private hospitals providing supporting care. As of 2011, municipality maintained 4,678 street lamps. The corporation operates two vegetable markets and a textile market.

Transport

Road

One of the arterial roads in the city

Erode maintains 102 km (63 mi) of local roads with 5 km (3.1 mi) of concrete and rest bituminous. Additionally, 16.6 km (10.3 mi) of state highways is maintained by State Highways Department. NH 544 connecting Salem and Coimbatore bypasses the city and the National Highway NH 381A and NH 544H pass through the city. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode (jeeva) under the Coimbatore division. Erode Central Bus Terminus, is the second Largest main bus station complex for Tamil Nadu State Express Transport Corporation and is well connected with the major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states. Private carriers operate long-distance buses connecting to major cities like Chennai, Bangalore etc. The main arterial roads include:

Rail

Erode Junction railway station is a major rail junction in Salem division of Southern Railway with a diesel locomotive shed and an electric locomotive shed attached. It also serves as a hub for water filling facilities, food provisions and cleaning services for long-distance trains that run via Erode. The following are the lines running from Erode junction:

Line No. Towards Passing Through Station Type / Track
1 Salem Junction Sankagiri Broad, Electrified – Double Track
2 Coimbatore Junction Tiruppur Broad, Electrified – Double Track
3 Trichy Junction Karur Broad, Electrified - Single Track

Air

The nearest airport to Erode is Salem Airport at a distance of 84 km (52 mi) which is connected to and from Chennai. The major international airport is Coimbatore International Airport at a distance of 91 km (57 mi) with regular flights to domestic destinations and select international destinations including Sharjah and Singapore.

Places of interest

Periya Memorial House in Erode

Thindal Murugan Temple, situated 6 km (3.7 mi) from the city, is the most prominent temple in the city. Periya Mariamman Temple, Natadreeswarar Temple, the hillock temple of the Kaveri river, Sangameswarar Temple are prominent religious destinations in the city. While the city is built around a demolished fort, a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar (Shiva) praising the Saiva and one for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal (Vishnu) praising the Vaishnava aspects of Hinduism were built. E.V.R Corporation Museum and Thanthai Periyar Memorial House are memorials depicting the life of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. Sankagiri Fort and Vellode Bird Sanctuary are other visitor attractions around the city. CSI Brough Memorial Church, located on Meenatchi Sundaranar Road (formerly Brough Road) was consecrated in 1933 by Rev. Antony Watson Brough (1861 -1936), an Australian Missionary.

Notable people

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