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{{Short description|Series of military conflicts between Burma and Siam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Campaignbox Burmese–Siamese Wars}} {{Campaignbox Burmese–Siamese Wars}}
The '''Burmese–Siamese wars''' also known as the '''Yodian wars''' ({{Lang-my|ယိုးဒယားစစ်ပွဲများ}}), were a series of wars fought between ] and ] from the 16th to 19th centuries.<ref name=geh-chron>Harvey, pp. xxviii-xxx.</ref><ref name=hj-302>James, p. 302.</ref> The '''Burmese–Siamese wars''' also known as the '''Yodian wars''' ({{Langx|my|ယိုးဒယားစစ်ပွဲများ}}), were a series of wars fought between ] and ] from the 16th to 19th centuries.<ref name=geh-chron>Harvey, pp. xxviii–xxx.</ref><ref name=hj-302>James, p. 302.</ref>


==During the Empires / Dynasties of the Toungoo (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)== ==Toungoo (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)==
{| width=95% class="wikitable" {| width=95% class="wikitable"
|- |-
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! style="text-align:left; width=35%" | Notes ! style="text-align:left; width=35%" | Notes
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"|1 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 1
| style="vertical-align: top;"|] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Inconclusive
⚫ | '''First Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Burma captures ] from Siam in 1547–1548,<ref name=geh-158>Harvey 1925: 158</ref><ref name=hy-2-238-239>Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 238–239</ref> and invades Siam in 1548–1549 but is unsuccessful at capturing ].<ref>Damrong, pp. 14–26.</ref>
| '''First Siege of Ayutthaya'''
⚫ Burma captures ] from Siam in 1547–1548,<ref name=geh-158>Harvey 1925: 158</ref><ref name=hy-2-238-239>Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 238–239</ref> and invades Siam in 1548–1549 but is unsuccessful at capturing ].<ref>Damrong, pp. 14–26.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"|2 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 2
| style="vertical-align: top;"|] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"|Burmese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory
| '''Second Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br />Also called the ''War over the White Elephants''.<br/>Burma invades Siam and captures ]. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.<ref>Damrong, pp. 27–41.</ref> | '''Second Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Also called the ''War over the White Elephants''.<br/>Burma invades Siam and captures ]. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.<ref>Damrong, pp. 27–41.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 3 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 3
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory
| '''Third Siege of Ayutthaya''' <br/>Siam rebels. Burma invades and recaptures ]. Siam remains a vassal of Burma.<ref>Damrong, pp. 42–64.</ref> | '''Third Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Siam rebels. Burma invades and recaptures ]. Siam remains a vassal of Burma.<ref>Damrong, pp. 42–64.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 4 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 4
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese victory
| '''Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya''' <br/>After Siam declares independence in 1584, Burma invades Siam five times but is driven back each time.<ref name=geh-181>Harvey 1925: 181</ref><ref>Damrong, pp. 65–144.</ref> | '''Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>After Siam declares independence in 1584, Burma invades Siam five times but is driven back each time.<ref name=geh-181>Harvey 1925: 181</ref><ref>Damrong, pp. 65–144.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 5 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 5
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese victory
| '''First Siamese Invasion of Burma''' <br/>Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to ].<br/>] (]) becomes a vassal of Siam, c. 1602<ref>Damrong, pp. 145–179.</ref><ref>Fernquest, pp. 51–52.</ref><ref>Wood, p. 144.</ref> | '''First Siamese Invasion of Burma'''<br/>Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to ].<br/>] (]) becomes a vassal of Siam, c. 1602<ref>Damrong, pp. 145–179.</ref><ref>Fernquest, pp. 51–52.</ref><ref>Wood, p. 144.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 6 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 6
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory
| '''Wars of Nyaungyan restoration''' <br/> Burma regains Martaban and Tavoy (1613), and Lan Na (1614).<ref name=hy-3-175-178>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 175–178</ref><ref name=geh-189>Harvey 1925: 189</ref> | '''Wars of Nyaungyan restoration'''<br/> Burma regains Martaban and Tavoy (1613), and Lan Na (1614).<ref name=hy-3-175-178>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 175–178</ref><ref name=geh-189>Harvey 1925: 189</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 7 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 7
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese defensive victory
| '''Second Siamese Invasion of Burma''' <br /> Siam briefly captures the upper Tenasserim coast to Martaban in 1662 before driven back. In 1663, Siam again invades upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na, capturing Chiang Mai. Siamese forces evacuate Chiang Mai in 1664.<ref name=geh-198>Harvey 1925: 198</ref><ref name=hy-3-277>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 277</ref><ref>Damrong, pp. 220–239.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 191–194.</ref> | '''Second Siamese Invasion of Burma'''<br/> Siam briefly captures the upper Tenasserim coast to Martaban in 1662 before driven back. In 1663, Siam again invades upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na, capturing Chiang Mai. Siamese forces evacuate Chiang Mai in 1664.<ref name=geh-198>Harvey 1925: 198</ref><ref name=hy-3-277>Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 277</ref><ref>Damrong, pp. 220–239.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 191–194.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 8
⚫ |8
|] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
|Burmese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese defensive victory<br/>Siamese defensive victory
⚫ | Burma successfully defends the Upper ] (1675).<br/>Siam successfully defends against a counter Burmese invasion (1675–1676).
Siamese defensive victory
|Burma successfully defends the Upper ] (1675).
⚫ Siam successfully defends against a counter Burmese invasion (1675–1676).
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;"| 9
|9
|] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
|Siamese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese defensive victory
|Siam successfully defends against a Burmese invasion. | Siam successfully defends against a Burmese invasion.
|} |}


==During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)== ==Konbaung (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)==
{| width=95% class="wikitable" {| width=95% class="wikitable"
|- |-
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| style="vertical-align: top;"| 1 | style="vertical-align: top;"| 1
| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Inconclusive
| '''Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Burma conquers the Tenasserim coastal region down to the ] frontier. Burma besieges the ] but returns home when their King is injured and becomes ill.<ref>Damrong, pp. 240–311.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 240–242.</ref> | '''Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Burma conquers the Tenasserim coastal region down to the ] frontier. Burma besieges the ] but returns home when their King is injured and becomes ill.<ref>Damrong, pp. 240–311.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 240–242.</ref>
|- |-
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| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Burmese victory
| '''Sixth Siege of Ayutthaya'''<br/>Burma invades Siam and besieges ], ending the ].<ref>Damrong, pp. 312–357.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 243–250.</ref> | ''']'''<br/>Burma invades Siam and besieges ], ending the ] and plunging the former kingdom into civil war in the subsequent vacuum.<ref>Damrong, pp. 312–357.</ref><ref>Wood, pp. 243–250.</ref>
|} |}


==During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Thonburi (Siam)== ==Konbaung (Burma)–Thonburi (Siam)==
{| width=95% class="wikitable" {| width=95% class="wikitable"
|- |-
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|- |-
|1 |1
|]
|Battle of Pho Sam Ton (1767)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bowring|first=John|title=The Kingdom and People of Siam; with a Narrative of the Mission to that Country in 1855|publisher=J.W.Parker|year=1857|pages=348}}</ref>
|Siamese victory |Siamese victory
|Taksin expels out a small Burmese garrison in Siam and reunifies the country
|'''Taksin's Reunification of Siam'''<br>Six months after the Fall of Ayutthaya, King Taksin marched from ] against the Burmese garrison at ] near Ayutthaya that had been maintaining Burmese control over Central Siam. Taksin defeated the Burmese at Pho Sam Ton and took control over Central Siam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rajanubhab|first=Damrong|title=พงษาวดารเรื่องเรารบพม่า ครั้งกรุงธน ฯ แลกรุงเทพ ฯ|year=1918|location=Bangkok}}</ref>
|- |-
|2 |2
|Siamese expedition to Chiang Mai (1771)
|Battle of Bangkung (1768)
|Siamese victory |Burmese victory
|Taksin fails to capture Chiang Mai in 1771
|'''Burmese Invasion of Western Siam'''<br>After King Taksin had taken control of Central Siam, the Burmese governor of Tavoy led an expeditionary force to invade Western Siam. The Burmese attacked ], ]. King Taksin took his forces to successfully repel the invading Burmese.<ref name=":0" />
|- |-
|3 |3
|Burmese raids on Phichai (1771-1773)
|]
|Burmese victory |Siamese victory
|Phichai is defended
|'''Siamese Expedition to Chiangmai'''<br>Siam invaded Burmese-held Chiangmai but failed to take the city.<ref name=":0" />
|- |-
|4 |4
|] |]
|Siamese victory |Siamese victory
|Lanna is conquered by SIam
|'''Siamese Expedition to Chiangmai'''<br>Siam invaded Burmese-held Chiangmai. Siam managed to take Chiangmai and began the transfer of ] from Burmese rule to Siamese domination.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Penth|first=Hans|title=A Brief History of Lanna: Northern Thailand from Past to Present|publisher=Silkworm Books|year=1 Jan 2001}}</ref>
|- |-
|5 |5
|] (1775) |]
|Siamese victory |Siamese victory
|A Burmese army is encircled at Bangkaeo
|'''Burmese Invasion of Western Siam'''<br>] ordered ] to invade Siam. Maha Thiha Thura sent his generals to invade Western Siam through the ]. King Taksin took his armies to encircle the Burmese at Bangkaeo, ]. The Burmese surrendered.<ref name=":0" />
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 6
| 6
| ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| Siamese ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | Siamese victory
| '''Siamese control of Lan Na'''<br />Lan Na declares independence in 1775, with a resurgent Siam's assistance (under King ]). Burma invades Lan Na and Siam. After the death of ], the Burmese withdrew from Siam, allowing the Siamese to claim ], ending over two centuries of Burmese rule.<ref>Wood, pp. 263–267.</ref>
Burmese ]
| ''']'s Invasion of Siam'''<br />After Burmese defeat at Bangkaeo, Maha Thiha Thura personally led his armies to invade ''Hua Mueang Nuea''<ref name=":0" /> or Northern Siam. The Burmese besieged ], which fell to the Burmese. Untimely demise of King Hsinbyushin in 1776 prompted the Burmese to retreat and end the campaign prematurely.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=A History of Ayutthaya|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=11 May 2017|pages=267}}</ref>
|-
|7
|]
|Burmese victory
|'''Burmese Invasion of Chiangmai'''<br>The Burmese marched a huge army to reclaim the city of Chiangmai, resulting in the abandonment of Chiangmai.
|} |}


==During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Rattanakosin (Siam)== ==Konbaung (Burma)–Rattanakosin (Siam)==
{| width=95% class="wikitable" {| width=95% class="wikitable"
|- |-
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| style="vertical-align: top;"| ] | style="vertical-align: top;"| ]
| style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;"| Siamese defensive victory
| '''The Nine Armies' War'''<br />Burma tries to capture Siam, and is soundly defeated.<ref>Wood, p. 273.</ref><ref>Symes, pp. 96–97.</ref> | '''The Nine Armies' War'''<br/>Burma tries to capture Siam, and is soundly defeated.<ref>Wood, p. 273.</ref><ref>Symes, pp. 96–97.</ref>
|- |-
|2 |2
|]
⚫ |]
|Burmese defensive victory |Siamese victory
|Siamese forces destroy a Burmese army in Tha Din Daeng.
|'''Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim'''
Siam tries to capture ], and reclaim the ] but fails.
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 3 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 3
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | Burmese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;" | Burmese defensive victory
|'''Siamese invasion of Tenasserim'''<br />Siam unsuccessfully tries to regain the lower Tenasserim coast (Tavoy and Mergui.<ref name=app-218-219>Phayre 1967: 218–219</ref><ref>Symes, p. 97-98.</ref> |'''Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim'''<br />Siam tries to capture ], and reclaim the ] but fails.
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 4 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 4
⚫ | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | Burmese defensive victory
|'''Siamese invasion of Tenasserim'''<br />Siam unsuccessfully tries to regain the lower Tenasserim coast (Tavoy and Mergui).<ref name="app-218-219">Phayre 1967: 218–219</ref><ref>Symes, p. 97-98.</ref>
⚫ |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 5
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" |Siamese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;" |Siamese defensive victory
| '''Burmese Invasion of Chiang Mai'''<br />Burma invades ] and besieges ]. The city was taken, but ] asks for reinforcement from ], which helped them recapture the city.<ref>Ongsakul, p. 155.</ref> | '''Burmese Invasion of Chiang Mai'''<br />Burma invades ] and besieges ]. The city was taken, but ] asks for reinforcement from ], which helped them recapture the city.<ref>Ongsakul, p. 155.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 5 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 6
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | Siamese victory | style="vertical-align: top;" | Siamese victory
| '''Siamese Invasion of Chiang Saen'''<br />Burma attacks ], but is defeated again. Siam and its ally Lan Na attacks and expels the Burmese from their stronghold at ].<ref>Ongsakul, p. 150.</ref> | '''Siamese Invasion of Chiang Saen'''<br />Burma attacks ], but is defeated again. Siam and its ally Lan Na attacks and expels the Burmese from their stronghold at ].<ref>Ongsakul, p. 150.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 6 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 7
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | Siamese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;" | Siamese defensive victory
| '''Burmese Invasion of Thalang'''<br />Burma unsuccessfully attempts to capture ] and is repelled in 1810 and 1812.<ref>Skinner, pp. 59–61.</ref><ref>Gerini, pp. 81–82.</ref> | '''Burmese Invasion of Thalang'''<br />Burma unsuccessfully attempts to capture ] and is repelled in 1810 and 1812.<ref>Skinner, pp. 59–61.</ref><ref>Gerini, pp. 81–82.</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 7 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 8
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | British victory | style="vertical-align: top;" | British victory
| Conflict mostly between Burma and the ]. Siam, as a nominal British ally, secures the ] with the ] and ].<ref>Wood, pp. 276–277</ref><ref>Turton, p. 119-20</ref><ref>Van Roy, p. 172-73</ref> | Conflict mostly between Burma and the United Kingdom. Siam, as a nominal British ally, secures the ] with the ] and ].<ref>Wood, pp. 276–277</ref><ref>Turton, p. 119-20</ref><ref>Van Roy, p. 172-73</ref>
|- |-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | 8 | style="vertical-align: top;" | 9
| style="vertical-align: top;" | ] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | Burmese defensive victory | style="vertical-align: top;" | Burmese defensive victory
| '''Siamese invasion of Kengtung and Chiang Hung'''<br /> Siam tries to take over Kengtung and Chiang Hung during the ]. Local Shan ''sawbwas'' hold out until Burma's main armies manage to drive out the Siamese in 1855.<ref name=jph-1-38-2-408-409>Hardiman, Vol. 1 1901: 38, and Vol. 2 1901: 408–409</ref><ref name=dkw-nc-119>Ratchasomphan, Wyatt 1994: 119</ref> | '''Siamese invasion of Kengtung and ]'''<br /> Siam tries to take over Kengtung and Chiang Hung during the ]. Local Shan ''sawbwas'' hold out until Burma's main armies manage to drive out the Siamese in 1855.<ref name="jph-1-38-2-408-409">Hardiman, Vol. 1 1901: 38, and Vol. 2 1901: 408–409</ref><ref name="dkw-nc-119">Ratchasomphan, Wyatt 1994: 119</ref>
|- |-
|} |}
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] (1734 กบฏจีนนายก่าย” วางแผนปล้นวังหลวงสมัยพระเจ้าอยู่หัวบรมโกศ.ชาวจีนโดนประหาร ( 1734... อ่านข่าวต้นฉบับได้ที่ : https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_117560)
* ]


==Citations== ==Citations==
Line 194: Line 190:
*{{cite book | last=Hardiman | first=John Percy | title=Gazetteer of Upper Burma and Shan States Part 2 | volume=1 | editor=Sir James George Scott | year=1901 | publisher=Government Press, British Burma }} *{{cite book | last=Hardiman | first=John Percy | title=Gazetteer of Upper Burma and Shan States Part 2 | volume=1 | editor=Sir James George Scott | year=1901 | publisher=Government Press, British Burma }}
*{{cite book | last = Harvey| first = G. E.| title = History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | year = 1925| location = London}} *{{cite book | last = Harvey| first = G. E.| title = History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | year = 1925| location = London}}
*{{cite book | last=James | first=Helen | title=Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor |volume=2 | chapter=Burma-Siam Wars and Tenasserim | year=2004 | publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=1-57607-770-5 | editor=Keat Gin Ooi}} *{{cite book | last=James | first=Helen | title=Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor |volume=2 | chapter=Burma-Siam Wars and Tenasserim | year=2004 | publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=1-57607-770-5 | editor=]}}
*{{cite web |last1=Master |title=Military History of Thailand |url=http://www.weloverta.org/eng/military-history-of-thailand/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415034739/http://www.weloverta.org/eng/military-history-of-thailand/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2016 |website=Wayback Machine |publisher=Internet Archive |access-date=18 December 2019 |date=2011 }} *{{cite web |last1=Master |title=Military History of Thailand |url=http://www.weloverta.org/eng/military-history-of-thailand/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415034739/http://www.weloverta.org/eng/military-history-of-thailand/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2016 |website=Wayback Machine |publisher=Internet Archive |access-date=18 December 2019 |date=2011 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Ongsakul |first1=Sarassawadee |title=History of Lan Na |date=2005 |publisher=Silkworm Books |location=Chiang Mai |isbn=974-9575-84-9}} *{{cite book |last1=Ongsakul |first1=Sarassawadee |title=History of Lan Na |date=2005 |publisher=Silkworm Books |location=Chiang Mai |isbn=974-9575-84-9}}
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* {{cite book | last=Ratchasomphan | first=Sænluang |author2=David K. Wyatt | title=The Nan Chronicle | editor=David K. Wyatt | publisher=Cornell University SEAP Publications | location=Ithaca | year=1994 | edition=illustrated | isbn=978-0-87727-715-6}} * {{cite book | last=Ratchasomphan | first=Sænluang |author2=David K. Wyatt | title=The Nan Chronicle | editor=David K. Wyatt | publisher=Cornell University SEAP Publications | location=Ithaca | year=1994 | edition=illustrated | isbn=978-0-87727-715-6}}
* {{cite book | author=] | title=Hmannan Yazawin | volume=1–3 | year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=my | edition=2003 | publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar}} * {{cite book | author=] | title=Hmannan Yazawin | volume=1–3 | year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=my | edition=2003 | publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar}}
*{{cite book | author=Siam Society | title=The Journal of the Siam Society | volume=1-3 | year=1904 | publisher=Siam Society | location=Bangkok}} *{{cite book | author=Siam Society | title=The Journal of the Siam Society | volume=1–3 | year=1904 | publisher=Siam Society | location=Bangkok}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Skinner |first1=Cyril |title=The interrogation of Zeya Suriya Kyaw: A Burmese Account of the Junk Ceylon (Phuket) Campaigns of 1809-1810. |journal=Siamese Heritage Trust |date=1984 |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1981/JSS_072_0f_Skinner_InterrogationOfZeyaSuriyaKyaw.pdf |access-date=18 December 2019 |publisher=The Siam Society }} *{{cite journal |last1=Skinner |first1=Cyril |title=The interrogation of Zeya Suriya Kyaw: A Burmese Account of the Junk Ceylon (Phuket) Campaigns of 1809–1810. |journal=Siamese Heritage Trust |date=1984 |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1981/JSS_072_0f_Skinner_InterrogationOfZeyaSuriyaKyaw.pdf |access-date=18 December 2019 |publisher=The Siam Society }}
*{{cite book | last=Steinberg | first=David Joel | title = In Search of South-East Asia | publisher=University of Hawaii Press | year=1987 | location = Honolulu | editor=David Joel Steinberg}} *{{cite book | last=Steinberg | first=David Joel | title = In Search of South-East Asia | publisher=University of Hawaii Press | year=1987 | location = Honolulu | editor=David Joel Steinberg}}
*{{cite journal | last=Symes | first=Michael | title=An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava | work=SBBR | volume=4 | date=Spring 2006 | url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/soas-bulletin-of-burma-research-volume-4-issue-1.html | publisher=SOAS, University of London }} *{{cite journal | last=Symes | first=Michael | title=An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava | work=SBBR | volume=4 | date=Spring 2006 | url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/soas-bulletin-of-burma-research-volume-4-issue-1.html | publisher=SOAS, University of London | access-date=27 April 2011 | archive-date=1 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801051343/https://www.soas.ac.uk/sbbr/editions/soas-bulletin-of-burma-research-volume-4-issue-1.html | url-status=dead }}
*{{cite journal | last=Turton | first=Andrew | title=Disappointing Gifts: Dialectics of Gift Exchange in Early Modern European-East Asian Diplomatic Practice | work=Journal of the Siam Society | volume=104 | date=2014 | url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/JSS_104_0f_Turton_DisappointingGiftsDialecticsOfGiftExchange.pdf}} *{{cite journal | last=Turton | first=Andrew | title=Disappointing Gifts: Dialectics of Gift Exchange in Early Modern European-East Asian Diplomatic Practice | work=Journal of the Siam Society | volume=104 | date=2014 | url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/JSS_104_0f_Turton_DisappointingGiftsDialecticsOfGiftExchange.pdf }}
*{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=W.A.R. |title=A History of Siam |date=1924 |publisher=T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsiam035038mbp/page/n3 |access-date=11 December 2019 }} *{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=W.A.R. |title=A History of Siam |date=1924 |publisher=T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsiam035038mbp/page/n3 |access-date=11 December 2019 }}
*{{cite book | last=Wyatt | first=David K. | title=History of Thailand | year=2003 | edition=2 | publisher=Yale University Press | isbn=978-0-300-08475-7}} *{{cite book | last=Wyatt | first=David K. | title=History of Thailand | year=2003 | edition=2 | publisher=Yale University Press | isbn=978-0-300-08475-7}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Burmese-Siamese wars}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burmese-Siamese wars}}
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Latest revision as of 15:48, 16 December 2024

Series of military conflicts between Burma and Siam

Burmese–Siamese wars

The Burmese–Siamese wars also known as the Yodian wars (Burmese: ယိုးဒယားစစ်ပွဲများ), were a series of wars fought between Burma and Siam from the 16th to 19th centuries.

Toungoo (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549) Inconclusive First Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma captures Tavoy from Siam in 1547–1548, and invades Siam in 1548–1549 but is unsuccessful at capturing Ayutthaya.
2 Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564) Burmese victory Second Siege of Ayutthaya
Also called the War over the White Elephants.
Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.
3 Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569) Burmese victory Third Siege of Ayutthaya
Siam rebels. Burma invades and recaptures Ayutthaya. Siam remains a vassal of Burma.
4 Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593) Siamese victory Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya
After Siam declares independence in 1584, Burma invades Siam five times but is driven back each time.
5 Burmese–Siamese War (1593–1600) Siamese victory First Siamese Invasion of Burma
Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to Martaban.
Lan Na (Chiang Mai) becomes a vassal of Siam, c. 1602
6 Burmese–Siamese War (1609–1622) Burmese victory Wars of Nyaungyan restoration
Burma regains Martaban and Tavoy (1613), and Lan Na (1614).
7 Burmese–Siamese War (1662–1664) Burmese defensive victory Second Siamese Invasion of Burma
Siam briefly captures the upper Tenasserim coast to Martaban in 1662 before driven back. In 1663, Siam again invades upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na, capturing Chiang Mai. Siamese forces evacuate Chiang Mai in 1664.
8 Burmese–Siamese War (1675–1676) Burmese defensive victory
Siamese defensive victory 		Burma successfully defends the Upper Tenasserim coast (1675).
Siam successfully defends against a counter Burmese invasion (1675–1676).
9 Burmese–Siamese War (1700–1701) Siamese defensive victory Siam successfully defends against a Burmese invasion.

Konbaung (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) Inconclusive Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma conquers the Tenasserim coastal region down to the Tavoy–Mergui frontier. Burma besieges the Ayutthaya but returns home when their King is injured and becomes ill.
2 Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) Burmese victory Sixth Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma invades Siam and besieges Ayutthaya, ending the Ayutthaya Kingdom and plunging the former kingdom into civil war in the subsequent vacuum.

Konbaung (Burma)–Thonburi (Siam)

No. Name Results Notes
1 Taksin's reunification of Siam Siamese victory Taksin expels out a small Burmese garrison in Siam and reunifies the country
2 Siamese expedition to Chiang Mai (1771) Burmese victory Taksin fails to capture Chiang Mai in 1771
3 Burmese raids on Phichai (1771-1773) Siamese victory Phichai is defended
4 Siamese conquest of Lan Na (1774–1775) Siamese victory Lanna is conquered by SIam
5 Bangkaeo Campaign Siamese victory A Burmese army is encircled at Bangkaeo
6 Burmese–Siamese War (1775–1776) Siamese victory Siamese control of Lan Na
Lan Na declares independence in 1775, with a resurgent Siam's assistance (under King Taksin). Burma invades Lan Na and Siam. After the death of King Hsinbyushin, the Burmese withdrew from Siam, allowing the Siamese to claim Lan Na, ending over two centuries of Burmese rule.

Konbaung (Burma)–Rattanakosin (Siam)

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) Siamese defensive victory The Nine Armies' War
Burma tries to capture Siam, and is soundly defeated.
2 Tha Din Daeng Campaign Siamese victory Siamese forces destroy a Burmese army in Tha Din Daeng.
3 Burmese–Siamese War (1788) Burmese defensive victory Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim
Siam tries to capture Tavoy, and reclaim the Tenasserim coast but fails.
4 Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794) Burmese defensive victory Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
Siam unsuccessfully tries to regain the lower Tenasserim coast (Tavoy and Mergui).
5 Burmese–Siamese War (1797–1798) Siamese defensive victory Burmese Invasion of Chiang Mai
Burma invades Lan Na and besieges Chiang Mai. The city was taken, but Kawila asks for reinforcement from Rama I, which helped them recapture the city.
6 Burmese–Siamese War (1802–1805) Siamese victory Siamese Invasion of Chiang Saen
Burma attacks Lan Na, but is defeated again. Siam and its ally Lan Na attacks and expels the Burmese from their stronghold at Chiang Saen.
7 Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812) Siamese defensive victory Burmese Invasion of Thalang
Burma unsuccessfully attempts to capture Junk Ceylon and is repelled in 1810 and 1812.
8 First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) British victory Conflict mostly between Burma and the United Kingdom. Siam, as a nominal British ally, secures the Burney Treaty with the British East India Company and briefly invades Burma.
9 Burmese–Siamese War (1849–1855) Burmese defensive victory Siamese invasion of Kengtung and Chiang Hung
Siam tries to take over Kengtung and Chiang Hung during the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Local Shan sawbwas hold out until Burma's main armies manage to drive out the Siamese in 1855.

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Citations

  1. Harvey, pp. xxviii–xxx.
  2. James, p. 302.
  3. Harvey 1925: 158
  4. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 238–239
  5. Damrong, pp. 14–26.
  6. Damrong, pp. 27–41.
  7. Damrong, pp. 42–64.
  8. Harvey 1925: 181
  9. Damrong, pp. 65–144.
  10. Damrong, pp. 145–179.
  11. Fernquest, pp. 51–52.
  12. Wood, p. 144.
  13. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 175–178
  14. Harvey 1925: 189
  15. Harvey 1925: 198
  16. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 277
  17. Damrong, pp. 220–239.
  18. Wood, pp. 191–194.
  19. Damrong, pp. 240–311.
  20. Wood, pp. 240–242.
  21. Damrong, pp. 312–357.
  22. Wood, pp. 243–250.
  23. Wood, pp. 263–267.
  24. Wood, p. 273.
  25. Symes, pp. 96–97.
  26. Phayre 1967: 218–219
  27. Symes, p. 97-98.
  28. Ongsakul, p. 155.
  29. Ongsakul, p. 150.
  30. Skinner, pp. 59–61.
  31. Gerini, pp. 81–82.
  32. Wood, pp. 276–277
  33. Turton, p. 119-20
  34. Van Roy, p. 172-73
  35. Hardiman, Vol. 1 1901: 38, and Vol. 2 1901: 408–409
  36. Ratchasomphan, Wyatt 1994: 119

References

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