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{{Short description|Polish astronomer (1940–2007)}}
'''Bohdan Paczyński''' or '''Bohdan Paczynski''' (born ] ]) is a ] ], a leading scientist in theory of the ] of stars.
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2023}}
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|birth_place = ], Lithuania
|death_date = {{death date and age|2007|4|19|1940|2|8|df=y}}
|death_place = ], United States
|residence =
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|nationality = Polish
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|awards = {{plainlist|
* ] (1981)
* ] (1987)
* ] (1992)
* ] (1996)
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'''Bohdan Paczyński''' or '''Bohdan Paczynski''' (8 February 1940 – 19 April 2007) was a Polish ] notable for his theories and work in the fields of ], ]s, and ]s. He is the recipient of the ] (1987), the ] (1997), the ] (1999), and the ] (2007).
He was born in ], ]. He was educated at the ], and after his initial career in Poland he moved to the ] in ]. He is The ] Jr. Professor of Astrophysics at ].


==Life and career==
Paczyński is the initiator of ] (OGLE, led by ] of Warsaw University Observatory) and ] (ASAS, created together with ]).
Paczyński was born on 8 February 1940 in ], Lithuania,<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/4471064a |title=Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007) |journal=Nature |date=27 June 2007 |doi=10.1038/4471064a |access-date=30 October 2023 |last1=Draine |first1=Bruce T. |last2=Ostriker |first2=Jeremiah P. |volume=447 |issue=7148 |page=1064 |pmid=17597752 }}</ref> to a lawyer and a teacher of ]. In 1945 his family ] and settled in ], and then in 1949 in ]. At the age of 18, Paczyński published his first scientific article in '']''. Between 1959 and 1962 he studied astronomy at the ]. Two years later he received a doctorate under the tutelage of ] and ].

In 1962 Paczyński became a member of the Centre of Astronomy of the ], where he continued to work for nearly 20 years. In 1974 he received habilitation and in 1979 became a professor. Thanks to his works on theoretical astronomy, at the age of 36 he became the youngest member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.<ref name="GW">{{cite web|url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,86024,4626294.html|date=October 10, 2007|title=Bohdan Paczyński|publisher=]|language=pl|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801083409/http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,86024,4626294.html|archive-date=August 1, 2012}}</ref>

In 1981 Paczyński visited the ], where he gave a series of lectures at ] to former interns at his Warsaw-based institute. After the introduction of the ] he decided to stay abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-paczynski26apr26-story.html |title=Bohdan Paczynski, 67; a key figure in the search for dark matter and planets |website=] |author=Thomas H. Maugh II |date=26 April 2007 |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> He was the ] Jr. Professor of Astrophysics at ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/11/01/neutron-star-merger-confirms-decades-predictions-princeton-researchers |title=Neutron star merger confirms decades of predictions by Princeton researchers |website=princeton.edu |author=Liz Fuller-Wright |date=1 November 2017 |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>

Paczyński was the initiator of ]: ] (OGLE, led by ] of Warsaw University Observatory)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pr.princeton.edu/home/02/0415_stars/hmcap.html |title=Paczynski 'OGLEs' the sky for answers to cosmic questions |website=pr.princeton.edu |author=Steven Schultz |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> and ] (ASAS, created together with ]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234275960 |title=The All Sky Automated Survey and Bohdan Paczyński's idea of astronomy with small telescopes. |website=researchgate.net |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>


His new methods of discovering cosmic objects and measuring their mass by using ]es gained him international recognition, and he is acknowledged for coining the term '']''. He was also an early proponent of the idea that ]s are at cosmological distances. His new methods of discovering cosmic objects and measuring their mass by using ]es gained him international recognition, and he is acknowledged for coining the term '']''. He was also an early proponent of the idea that ]s are at cosmological distances.


In 1997, Paczyński hypothesized that ] were supernovae from rapidly spinning stars.<ref name=paczynski1997>{{cite conference|last1=Paczynski|title=GRBs as Hypernovae|conference=Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium|year=1997|arxiv=astro-ph/9712123|bibcode=1997astro.ph.12123P}}</ref>
His research concentrates on ], ] and ], ], gamma-ray bursts, and ].


His research concentrated on ], ] and ], ], gamma-ray bursts, and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/paczynski-bohdan.pdf |title=Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007) |website=nasonline.org |author=Bruce T. Draine |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>
On ], ] he was honoured with the title of ] by ] in Poland.


In 1999, he became the first astronomer to receive all three major awards of the ],<ref>{{cite web | last =Trimble | first =Virginia | title =Professor Bohdan Paczynski | work =Obituary | publisher =] | date =July 20, 2007 | url =https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/professor-bohdan-paczynski-457956.html | accessdate =August 10, 2008}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> by winning the ], having won the ] in 1987 and the ] in 1995.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://baas.aas.org/pub/bohdan-paczynski-1940-2007/release/1|title=Bohdan Paczynski (1940–2007)|first=David|last=Spergel|journal=Bulletin of the AAS |date=July 7, 2020|volume=39 |issue=4 |publisher=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814221715/https://baas.aas.org/pub/bohdan-paczynski-1940-2007/release/1|archive-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>
In January 2006 he was awarded ] of the ], ''for his highly original contributions to a wide variety of fields including advanced stellar evolution, the nature of gamma ray bursts, accretion in binary systems, gravitational lensing, and cosmology. His research has been distinguished by its creativity and breadth, as well as the stimulus it has provided to highly productive observational investigations.''

He was honoured with the title of ] by ] in Poland (on June 29, 2005) and ] in ] in Poland (on September 22, 2006).

In January 2006 he was awarded ] of the ], "for his highly original contributions to a wide variety of fields including advanced stellar evolution, the nature of gamma ray bursts, accretion in binary systems, gravitational lensing, and cosmology. His research has been distinguished by its creativity and breadth, as well as the stimulus it has provided to highly productive observational investigations".

He published over 200 scientific papers, which have been cited over 30,000 times by 2022, making him one of the most cited Polish scientists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=author:%22paczynski,%20b%22%20property:refereed&sort=citation_count%20desc,%20bibcode%20desc&p_=0 |title=Bohdan Paczyński |website=ui.adsabs.harvard.edu |access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>

He died of ] on April 19, 2007, in ].<ref name="nytobit">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/26/obituaries/26paczynski.html|last=Pearce|first=Jeremy|date=April 26, 2007|title=Bohdan Paczynski, Pioneering Astrophysicist, Dies at 67|work=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605092015/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/26/obituaries/26paczynski.html|archive-date=5 June 2015}}</ref>


==Honors== ==Honors==
'''Awards''' '''Awards'''
*] (]) * 1981 – ] of ]
* 1982 – ] conferred by the Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation in New York
*] (])
* 1985 – Medaille de l’Adion
*] (])
*] (]) * 1987 – ] of the ] for investigations of outstanding merit in ]
* 1992 – ] of the ] and ]
*] (])
* 1995 – ] granted by the ]
*] (])
* 1996 – ]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fnp.org.pl/prof-dr-hab-bohdan-paczynski-laureat-nagrody-fnp-1996/#:~:text=Prof.%20dr%20hab.%20Bohdan%20Paczy%C5%84ski%20%E2%80%93%20laureat%20Nagrody,kosmicznych%20i%20wyznaczania%20ich%20masy%20przez%20soczewkowanie%20grawitacyjne. |language=pl |title=PROF. DR HAB. BOHDAN PACZYŃSKI – LAUREAT NAGRODY FNP 1996 |website=fnp.org.pl |access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>
*] (])
* 1997 – ] of the ]<ref name=Draper>{{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal |url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |publisher=] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003930/http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |archivedate=January 26, 2013}}</ref>
* 1998 – ] Memorial Lectureship and Medal by the ]
* 1999 – ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|publisher=]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525064844/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|archivedate=May 25, 2011}}</ref>
* 1999 – ] of the ] Department of Astronomy<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bohdan Paczyński|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|volume=119|issue=858|pages=836–841|jstor=10.1086/521711|doi=10.1086/521711|last1=Dziembowski|first1=W.|year=2007|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* 2000 – ] of the High Energy Astrophysics division of the ]
* 2000 – ] of the ]
* 2002 – ] of the ] for outstanding lifetime contributions to astronomy<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal|url=http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|publisher=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721092933/http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2005 – ] of the ]
* 2006 – ] of the ] in ]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umk.pl/uczelnia/dhc/ |language=pl |title=DOKTORZY HONORIS CAUSA |website=umk.pl |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>
* 2006 – ] the ] in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research<ref name=AAS>{{cite web|title=Grants, Prizes and Awards|url=http://aas.org/grants/awards.php#russell|publisher=]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222143454/http://aas.org/grants/awards.php <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=December 22, 2010}}</ref>
* 2007 – Commander's Cross with Star of the ]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prezydent.pl/archiwum-lecha-kaczynskiego/aktualnosci/rok-2007/art,149,792,prezydent-rp-odznaczyl-posmiertnie-bohdana-krzysztofa-paczynskiego.html |title=Prezydent RP odznaczył pośmiertnie Bohdana Krzysztofa Paczyńskiego |date=July 9, 2007 |language=pl |trans-title=The President of the Republic of Poland posthumously awarded Bohdan Krzysztof Paczyński |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307205116/https://www.prezydent.pl/archiwum-lecha-kaczynskiego/aktualnosci/rok-2007/art,149,792,prezydent-rp-odznaczyl-posmiertnie-bohdana-krzysztofa-paczynskiego.html | archive-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> ]

'''Named after him''' '''Named after him'''
*] ] * ] ]
* One of ] telescopes, located in CTIO, Chile
* Bohdan Paczynski Visitor program, ]. Past scholars include ] (2008), ] (2009), ] (2010).
* Bohdan Paczyński Medal of the ]

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *
* {{pl icon}} * {{in lang|pl}}
*


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Latest revision as of 13:50, 23 November 2024

Polish astronomer (1940–2007)

Bohdan Paczyński
Born(1940-02-08)8 February 1940
Vilnius, Lithuania
Died19 April 2007(2007-04-19) (aged 67)
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
NationalityPolish
Alma materUniversity of Warsaw
Known forPaczyński-Wiita potential
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
Institutions
Doctoral advisor

Bohdan Paczyński or Bohdan Paczynski (8 February 1940 – 19 April 2007) was a Polish astronomer notable for his theories and work in the fields of stellar evolution, accretion discs, and gamma ray bursts. He is the recipient of the Eddington Medal (1987), the Henry Draper Medal (1997), the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1999), and the Order of Polonia Restituta (2007).

Life and career

Paczyński was born on 8 February 1940 in Vilnius, Lithuania, to a lawyer and a teacher of Polish literature. In 1945 his family chose to leave for Poland and settled in Kraków, and then in 1949 in Warsaw. At the age of 18, Paczyński published his first scientific article in Acta Astronomica. Between 1959 and 1962 he studied astronomy at the University of Warsaw. Two years later he received a doctorate under the tutelage of Stefan Piotrowski and Włodzimierz Zonn.

In 1962 Paczyński became a member of the Centre of Astronomy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where he continued to work for nearly 20 years. In 1974 he received habilitation and in 1979 became a professor. Thanks to his works on theoretical astronomy, at the age of 36 he became the youngest member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

In 1981 Paczyński visited the United States, where he gave a series of lectures at Caltech to former interns at his Warsaw-based institute. After the introduction of the Martial Law in Poland he decided to stay abroad. He was the Lyman Spitzer Jr. Professor of Astrophysics at Princeton University.

Paczyński was the initiator of time-domain sky surveys: Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE, led by Andrzej Udalski of Warsaw University Observatory) and All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS, created together with Grzegorz Pojmański).

His new methods of discovering cosmic objects and measuring their mass by using gravitational lenses gained him international recognition, and he is acknowledged for coining the term microlensing. He was also an early proponent of the idea that gamma-ray bursts are at cosmological distances.

In 1997, Paczyński hypothesized that hypernovae were supernovae from rapidly spinning stars.

His research concentrated on stellar evolution, gravitational lensing and gravitational microlensing, variable stars, gamma-ray bursts, and galactic structure.

In 1999, he became the first astronomer to receive all three major awards of the Royal Astronomical Society, by winning the Gold Medal, having won the Eddington Medal in 1987 and the George Darwin Lectureship in 1995.

He was honoured with the title of doctor honoris causa by Wrocław University in Poland (on June 29, 2005) and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in Poland (on September 22, 2006).

In January 2006 he was awarded Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society, "for his highly original contributions to a wide variety of fields including advanced stellar evolution, the nature of gamma ray bursts, accretion in binary systems, gravitational lensing, and cosmology. His research has been distinguished by its creativity and breadth, as well as the stimulus it has provided to highly productive observational investigations".

He published over 200 scientific papers, which have been cited over 30,000 times by 2022, making him one of the most cited Polish scientists.

He died of brain cancer on April 19, 2007, in Princeton, New Jersey.

Honors

Awards

Named after him

See also

References

  1. Draine, Bruce T.; Ostriker, Jeremiah P. (27 June 2007). "Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007)". Nature. 447 (7148): 1064. doi:10.1038/4471064a. PMID 17597752. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  2. "Bohdan Paczyński" (in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza. 10 October 2007. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012.
  3. Thomas H. Maugh II (26 April 2007). "Bohdan Paczynski, 67; a key figure in the search for dark matter and planets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  4. Liz Fuller-Wright (1 November 2017). "Neutron star merger confirms decades of predictions by Princeton researchers". princeton.edu. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  5. Steven Schultz. "Paczynski 'OGLEs' the sky for answers to cosmic questions". pr.princeton.edu. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  6. "The All Sky Automated Survey and Bohdan Paczyński's idea of astronomy with small telescopes". researchgate.net. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  7. Paczynski (1997). GRBs as Hypernovae. Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium. arXiv:astro-ph/9712123. Bibcode:1997astro.ph.12123P.
  8. Bruce T. Draine. "Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007)" (PDF). nasonline.org. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  9. Trimble, Virginia (20 July 2007). "Professor Bohdan Paczynski". Obituary. The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
  10. Spergel, David (7 July 2020). "Bohdan Paczynski (1940–2007)". Bulletin of the AAS. 39 (4). Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021.
  11. "Bohdan Paczyński". ui.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  12. Pearce, Jeremy (26 April 2007). "Bohdan Paczynski, Pioneering Astrophysicist, Dies at 67". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015.
  13. "PROF. DR HAB. BOHDAN PACZYŃSKI – LAUREAT NAGRODY FNP 1996". fnp.org.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  14. "Henry Draper Medal". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013.
  15. "Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society". Royal Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011.
  16. Dziembowski, W. (2007). "Bohdan Paczyński". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 119 (858): 836–841. doi:10.1086/521711. JSTOR 10.1086/521711.
  17. "Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
  18. "DOKTORZY HONORIS CAUSA". umk.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  19. "Grants, Prizes and Awards". American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010.
  20. "Prezydent RP odznaczył pośmiertnie Bohdana Krzysztofa Paczyńskiego" [The President of the Republic of Poland posthumously awarded Bohdan Krzysztof Paczyński] (in Polish). 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017.

External links

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