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{{short description|Submarine of the United States}} {{short description|Submarine of the United States}}

{{other ships|USS Holland}} {{other ships|USS Holland}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} {|{{Infobox ship begin}}
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|Name= |Name=
|Builders= |Builders=
|Operators= {{navy|United States|1918}} |Operators= {{naval|United States|1918}}
|Class before=none |Class before=none
|Class after={{sclass|Plunger|submarine|4}} |Class after={{sclass|Plunger|submarine|4}}
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|Ship struck=21 November 1910 |Ship struck=21 November 1910
|Ship fate=Sold 18 June 1913; on display in a park in ] until sold for scrap, 1932 |Ship fate=Sold 18 June 1913; on display in a park in ] until sold for scrap, 1932
|Ship status=
}} }}
{{Infobox ship characteristics {{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Header caption= |Header caption=
|Ship class=] |Ship class=]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|64|LT|t|abbr=on}} surfaced |Ship displacement=*{{convert|64|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|74|LT|t|abbr=on}} submerged *{{convert|74|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length={{convert|53|ft|10|in|abbr=on}} ] |Ship length={{convert|53|ft|10|in|abbr=on}} ]
|Ship beam={{convert|10|ft|4|in|abbr=on}} extreme |Ship beam={{convert|10|ft|4|in|abbr=on}} extreme
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|Ship test depth={{convert|75|ft}} |Ship test depth={{convert|75|ft}}
|Ship complement=6 |Ship complement=6
|Ship armament=*1 × ] ] (3 ]es) |Ship armament=*1 × ] ] (3 ]es)
*1 × {{convert|8.425|in|mm|adj=on}} ] *1 × {{convert|8.425|in|mm|adj=on}} ]
|Ship notes= |Ship notes=
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|} |}


'''USS ''Holland'' (SS-1)''' was the ]'s first modern commissioned ], although not the first military submarine of the United States, which was the 1775 ]. The boat was originally laid down as '''''Holland VI''''' at the ] of ] for John Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company, and ] on 17 May 1897. She was acquired by the USN on 11 April 1900 and commissioned on 12 October 1900, ] ] commanding.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">Friedman, p. 286</ref><ref name=DANFS1>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/h/holland-i.html |title= Holland I (SS-1) |date= 20 July 2015 |access-date= 17 May 2016 }}</ref> '''USS ''Holland'' (SS-1)''' was the ]'s first ], although not its first underwater ], which was the 1775 ]. The boat was originally laid down as '''''Holland VI''''' at the ] of ] for ]'s ], and ] on 17 May 1897. She was acquired by the USN on 11 April 1900 and commissioned on 12 October 1900, ] ] commanding.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">Friedman, p. 286</ref><ref name=DANFS1>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/h/holland-i.html |title= Holland I (SS-1) |date= 20 July 2015 |access-date= 17 May 2016 }}</ref>


==Design and construction== ==Design and construction==
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|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org
|access-date=2012-09-21 |access-date=2012-09-21
}}</ref> The vessel was built under the supervision of ], who designed the vessel and her details. ''Holland''{{'}}s ] was laid at Nixon's Crescent Shipyard with both men present. The two men worked together using many of John Holland's proven concepts and patents to make the submarine a reality, each man complementing the other's contributions to the development of the modern submarine. John Holland was the inventor for US Patent 702,729 for the design of a submarine boat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patent US702729A (Submarine boat.)|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US702729A/|last=Holland|first=John Philip|author-link=John Philip Holland|date=5 October 1900|accessdate=2018-10-16}}</ref> Important contributions were also made by ] (or Du Busc), Crescent's superintendent. }}</ref> The vessel was built under the supervision of ], who designed the vessel and her details. ''Holland''{{'}}s ] was laid at Nixon's Crescent Shipyard with both men present. The two men worked together using many of John Holland's proven concepts and patents to make the submarine a reality, each man complementing the other's contributions to the development of the modern submarine. John Holland was the inventor for US Patent 702,729 for the design of a submarine boat. Testing and training first took place at the ] from 1899 to 1900.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patent US702729A (Submarine boat.)|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US702729A/|last=Holland|first=John Philip|author-link=John Philip Holland|date=5 October 1900|accessdate=2018-10-16}}</ref> Important contributions were also made by ] (or Du Busc), Crescent's superintendent.


''Holland VI'' included many features that submarines of the early 20th century would exhibit, albeit in later, more advanced forms. There was a ] from which the boat and her weapons could be directed. Also, she had all the necessary ] and trim tanks to make precise changes in depth and attitude underwater. Her crew was six men and maximum diving depth was {{convert|75|ft}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">Friedman, p. 306</ref> ''Holland VI'' included many features that submarines of the early 20th century would exhibit, albeit in later, more advanced forms. There was a ] from which the boat and her weapons could be directed. Also, she had all the necessary ] and trim tanks to make precise changes in depth and attitude underwater. Her crew was six men and maximum diving depth was {{convert|75|ft}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">Friedman, p. 306</ref>
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For armament, she had a reloadable 18-inch (450&nbsp;mm) ] with three ]es and an {{convert|8.425|in|mm|adj=on}} pneumatic ] in the bow (the dynamite gun's projectiles were called "aerial torpedoes").<ref name="Register">Bauer and Roberts, p. 253</ref> A second dynamite gun in the stern was removed in 1900 to make room for an improved engine exhaust, prior to delivery to the Navy.<ref name="Friedman, p. 25">Friedman, p. 25</ref> For armament, she had a reloadable 18-inch (450&nbsp;mm) ] with three ]es and an {{convert|8.425|in|mm|adj=on}} pneumatic ] in the bow (the dynamite gun's projectiles were called "aerial torpedoes").<ref name="Register">Bauer and Roberts, p. 253</ref> A second dynamite gun in the stern was removed in 1900 to make room for an improved engine exhaust, prior to delivery to the Navy.<ref name="Friedman, p. 25">Friedman, p. 25</ref>


She had both an ] (specifically, a 4-stroke ] of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}) for running on the surface and charging batteries, and an ] ] of {{convert|50|shp|kW|abbr=on}} for submerged operation, with one shaft.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Gray, pp. 126-127</ref> A 66-] ] ] powered the electric motor when submerged.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> This allowed speeds of {{convert|6|kn|lk=in}} surfaced and {{convert|5.5|kn}} submerged. Surfaced range was {{convert|200|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|6|kn|abbr=on}}, while submerged range was {{convert|30|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5.5|kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> There is significant variation in references as to the vessel's horsepower and speed, for example the ''Register of Ships of the U. S. Navy'' gives horsepower figures of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced and {{convert|75|shp|kW|abbr=on}} submerged, with {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced and {{convert|5|kn}} submerged.<ref name="Register"/> She had both an ] (specifically, a 4-stroke ] of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}) for running on the surface and charging batteries, and an ] ] of {{convert|50|shp|kW|abbr=on}} for submerged operation, with one shaft.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Gray, pp. 126-127</ref> A 66-] ] ] powered the electric motor when submerged.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> This allowed speeds of {{convert|6|kn|lk=in}} surfaced and {{convert|5.5|kn}} submerged. Surfaced range was {{convert|200|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|6|kn|abbr=on}}, while submerged range was {{convert|30|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5.5|kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> There is significant variation in references as to the vessel's horsepower and speed, for example, the ''Register of Ships of the U. S. Navy'' gives horsepower figures of {{convert|45|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced and {{convert|75|shp|kW|abbr=on}} submerged, with {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced and {{convert|5|kn}} submerged.<ref name="Register"/>


==Service== ==Service==
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''Holland'' finished her career in reserve at ]. Her name was struck from the ] on 21 November 1910.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> This revolutionary submarine was sold as scrap to ] of ] on 18 June 1913 for $100. Her purchaser was required to put up $5,000 bond as assurance that the submarine would be broken up and not used as a ship.<ref name=DANFS1/> ''Holland'' finished her career in reserve at ]. Her name was struck from the ] on 21 November 1910.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> This revolutionary submarine was sold as scrap to ] of ] on 18 June 1913 for $100. Her purchaser was required to put up $5,000 bond as assurance that the submarine would be broken up and not used as a ship.<ref name=DANFS1/>


About 1915, the hulk of the ''Holland'', stripped of her external fittings, was sold to Peter J. Gibbons. As of October 1916 she was on display in Philadelphia.<ref>Ward County Independent, 26 October 1916. pg. 1.</ref> In May 1917 she was moved to the Bronx, New York as a featured attraction at the ].<ref>New York Tribune. 25 May 1917.</ref> About 1915, the hulk of the ''Holland'', stripped of her external fittings, was sold to Peter J. Gibbons. As of October 1916, she was on display in Philadelphia.<ref>Ward County Independent, 26 October 1916. pg. 1.</ref> In May 1917 she was moved to the Bronx, New York as a featured attraction at the ].<ref>New York Tribune. 25 May 1917.</ref>


''Holland'' was on display for several years in ] until she was finally scrapped in 1932.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates" /> ''Holland'' was on display for several years in ] until she was finally scrapped in 1932.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates" />
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* ] * ]
* {{ship||Plunger|1897}} * {{ship||Plunger|1897}}
* {{sclass|Holland|submarine}} ] * {{sclass|Holland|submarine|1}}
* ] * ]
* {{ship|French submarine|Gustave Zédé|1893|2}} * {{ship|French submarine|Gustave Zédé|1893|2}}


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* {{cite book |title=The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics |first=Roger| last=Franklin |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1986 }} * {{cite book |title=The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics |first=Roger| last=Franklin |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1986 }}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1995 |location=Annapolis, Maryland |pages=285–304 |isbn=1-55750-263-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1995 |location=Annapolis, Maryland |pages=285–304 |isbn=1-55750-263-3 }}
* {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Gray, Randal | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | year = 1985 | location = London | isbn = 0-85177-245-5 }} * {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Gray, Randal | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | year = 1985 | location = London | isbn = 0-85177-245-5 }}
* {{cite book |title=John P. Holland, 1841–1914: Inventor of the Modern Submarine |first=Richard Knowles |last=Morris |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rX-eHagIggC |isbn=978-1-57003-236-3 |access-date=2008-02-12}} * {{cite book |title=John P. Holland, 1841–1914: Inventor of the Modern Submarine |first=Richard Knowles |last=Morris |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rX-eHagIggC |isbn=978-1-57003-236-3 |access-date=2008-02-12}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=International Directory of Company Histories |volume=86 |date=July 2007 |publisher=The Thomson Gale Group/St. James Press |pages=136–139}} Listed under the heading of General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation. *{{cite book |title=International Directory of Company Histories |volume=86 |date=July 2007 |publisher=The Thomson Gale Group/St. James Press |pages=136–139}} Listed under the heading of General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation.
*{{cite journal |title=Who Built Those Subs? |journal=] |first=Richard Knowles, PhD |last=Morris |publisher=] |location=Annapolis, Maryland |date=October 1998 |issue=125th Anniversary}} *{{cite journal |title=Who Built Those Subs? |journal=] |first=Richard Knowles |last=Morris |publisher=] |location=Annapolis, Maryland |date=October 1998 |issue=125th Anniversary}}
*{{cite book |title=Steel Boats, Iron Men: The History of the United States Submarine Force |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1T0NbffwteoC&pg=PA37 |year=1994 |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |location=Paducah, Kentucky |isbn=978-1-56311-081-8 |pages=37–39}} *{{cite book |title=Steel Boats, Iron Men: The History of the United States Submarine Force |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1T0NbffwteoC&pg=PA37 |year=1994 |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |location=Paducah, Kentucky |isbn=978-1-56311-081-8 |pages=37–39}}
*{{cite book |title=The Submarine Pioneers |first=CDR Richard, MBE RN |last=Compton-Hall |publisher=Sutton Publishing LTD. UK |year=1999 }} *{{cite book |title=The Submarine Pioneers |first=CDR Richard, MBE RN |last=Compton-Hall |publisher=Sutton Publishing LTD. UK |year=1999 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Legend of Electric Boat, Serving The Silent Service |first=Jeffery |last=Rodengen |publisher=Write Stuff Syndicate |orig-year=1994 |year=2007 }} *{{cite book |title=The Legend of Electric Boat, Serving The Silent Service |first=Jeffery |last=Rodengen |publisher=Write Stuff Syndicate |orig-year=1994 |year=2007 }}
*{{cite journal |journal=The Klaxon |date=April 1992 |publisher=The Nautilus Memorial Submarine Force Library and Museum |location=New London/Groton, Connecticut }} The US Navy's official submarine force newsletter. Article is about Arthur Busch/Du Busc and his key role in building America's (and Japan's) first submarines, circa 1896–1905. US Navy ] *{{cite journal |journal=The Klaxon |date=April 1992 |publisher=The Nautilus Memorial Submarine Force Library and Museum |location=New London/Groton, Connecticut |title=The Klaxon}} The US Navy's official submarine force newsletter. Article is about Arthur Busch/Du Busc and his key role in building America's (and Japan's) first submarines, circa 1896–1905. US Navy ]
*{{cite news |newspaper=] |title=Arthur L. Du Busc, Submarine Pioneer, dies (at 90); Builder of First Craft Accepted by the United States |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C1EF63E54157A93C3A81788D85F428585F9 |date=11 March 1956 |access-date=2012-09-21}}{{subscription required |date=September 2012}} *{{cite news |newspaper=] |title=Arthur L. Du Busc, Submarine Pioneer, dies (at 90); Builder of First Craft Accepted by the United States |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C1EF63E54157A93C3A81788D85F428585F9 |date=11 March 1956 |access-date=2012-09-21}}{{subscription required |date=September 2012}}
*Documents and letters written by ], ] and ], etc. archived and housed at the US Navy ] in New London, Connecticut *Documents and letters written by ], ] and ], etc. archived and housed at the US Navy ] in New London, Connecticut
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{{Commons category|USS Holland (SS-1)}} {{Commons category|USS Holland (SS-1)}}


*{{cite web |url=https://pigboats.com/index.php?title=Holland |title=PigBoats.COM USS Holland page}}
* {{navsource|08/08001|USS Holland}} * {{navsource|08/08001|USS Holland}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers.html |title=Submarine Pioneers |publisher=Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers.html |title=Submarine Pioneers |publisher=Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division}}
*{{cite web |url=http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |title=John Philip Holland (1841–1914) And His Submarines |archive-date=26 October 2009}} This site also contains information on ], Arthur L. Busch, ], ], ] etc. *{{cite web |url=http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |title=John Philip Holland (1841–1914) And His Submarines |archive-date=26 October 2009}} This site also contains information on ], Arthur L. Busch, ], ], ] etc.
*{{cite news |url=http://www.gdeb.com/about/centennial/eb-100yrs-2.html |title=Morris view of Holland more widely accepted in our era |first=Robert A. |last=Hamilton |newspaper=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016074338/http://www.gdeb.com/about/centennial/eb-100yrs-2.html |archive-date=16 October 2006}} *{{cite news |url=http://www.gdeb.com/about/centennial/eb-100yrs-2.html |title=Morris view of Holland more widely accepted in our era |first=Robert A. |last=Hamilton |newspaper=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016074338/http://www.gdeb.com/about/centennial/eb-100yrs-2.html |archive-date=16 October 2006}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/ss-1.htm |title=SS-1 Holland |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/ss-1.htm |title=SS-1 Holland |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?list=type&type=12 |title=General Dynamics |first=Phil |last=Mattera |publisher=corpwatch.org}} This site attempts to further explain the events that took place while John P. Holland's company was being formed. *{{cite web |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?list=type&type=12 |title=General Dynamics |first=Phil |last=Mattera |publisher=corpwatch.org |access-date=26 June 2008 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313001905/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?list=type&type=12 |url-status=dead }} This site attempts to further explain the events that took place while John P. Holland's company was being formed.
* *
*
*


{{US Navy navbox}} {{US Navy navbox}}
{{Plunger class submarine}}
{{Holland Torpedo Boat Company}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland (Ss-1)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holland (Ss-1)}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 15:38, 29 August 2024

Submarine of the United States For other ships with the same name, see USS Holland.

USS Holland (SS-1) underwayUSS Holland (SS-1) underway
Class overview
Operators United States Navy
Preceded bynone
Succeeded byPlunger class
History
United States
Name
  • Holland VI (1897–1900)
  • USS Holland (1900–)
NamesakeJohn Philip Holland
Builder
Laid downNovember 1896
Launched17 May 1897
Acquired11 April 1900
Commissioned12 October 1900
Decommissioned17 July 1905
Stricken21 November 1910
FateSold 18 June 1913; on display in a park in Paterson, New Jersey until sold for scrap, 1932
General characteristics
Class and typeMidget submarine
Displacement
  • 64 long tons (65 t) surfaced
  • 74 long tons (75 t) submerged
Length53 ft 10 in (16.41 m) LOA
Beam10 ft 4 in (3.15 m) extreme
Draft8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Installed power
  • 45 bhp (34 kW) surfaced
  • 75 bhp (56 kW) submerged
Propulsion
Speed
  • 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) surfaced
  • 5.5 knots (10.2 km/h; 6.3 mph) submerged
Range
  • 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) at 6 kn (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) surfaced
  • 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) at 5.5 kn (10.2 km/h; 6.3 mph) submerged
Test depth75 feet (23 m)
Complement6
Armament

USS Holland (SS-1) was the United States Navy's first submarine, although not its first underwater watercraft, which was the 1775 submersible Turtle. The boat was originally laid down as Holland VI at the Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth, New Jersey for John Philip Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company, and launched on 17 May 1897. She was acquired by the USN on 11 April 1900 and commissioned on 12 October 1900, Lieutenant H. H. Caldwell commanding.

Design and construction

Rough sketch of Holland.

Holland was built at former Navy Lieutenant Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth, New Jersey for John Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company, which became the Electric Boat company in 1899. The vessel was built under the supervision of John Philip Holland, who designed the vessel and her details. Holland's keel was laid at Nixon's Crescent Shipyard with both men present. The two men worked together using many of John Holland's proven concepts and patents to make the submarine a reality, each man complementing the other's contributions to the development of the modern submarine. John Holland was the inventor for US Patent 702,729 for the design of a submarine boat. Testing and training first took place at the Holland Torpedo Boat Station from 1899 to 1900. Important contributions were also made by Arthur L. Busch (or Du Busc), Crescent's superintendent.

Holland VI included many features that submarines of the early 20th century would exhibit, albeit in later, more advanced forms. There was a conning tower from which the boat and her weapons could be directed. Also, she had all the necessary ballast and trim tanks to make precise changes in depth and attitude underwater. Her crew was six men and maximum diving depth was 75 feet (23 m).

For armament, she had a reloadable 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tube with three Whitehead Mark 2 torpedoes and an 8.425-inch (214.0 mm) pneumatic dynamite gun in the bow (the dynamite gun's projectiles were called "aerial torpedoes"). A second dynamite gun in the stern was removed in 1900 to make room for an improved engine exhaust, prior to delivery to the Navy.

She had both an internal combustion engine (specifically, a 4-stroke Otto gasoline engine of 45 bhp (34 kW)) for running on the surface and charging batteries, and an Electro Dynamic electric motor of 50 shp (37 kW) for submerged operation, with one shaft. A 66-cell Exide battery powered the electric motor when submerged. This allowed speeds of 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) surfaced and 5.5 knots (10.2 km/h; 6.3 mph) submerged. Surfaced range was 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) at 6 kn (11 km/h; 6.9 mph), while submerged range was 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) at 5.5 kn (10.2 km/h; 6.3 mph). There is significant variation in references as to the vessel's horsepower and speed, for example, the Register of Ships of the U. S. Navy gives horsepower figures of 45 bhp (34 kW) surfaced and 75 shp (56 kW) submerged, with 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) surfaced and 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged.

Service

Holland VI eventually proved her validity and worthiness as a warship and was ultimately purchased by the U.S. government for the sum of $150,000 on 11 April 1900. She was considered to be the first truly successful craft of her type. The United States Government soon ordered more submarines from Holland's company, which were to be known as the Plunger class. These became America's first fleet of underwater naval vessels.

USS Holland (SS-1) from Scientific American 1898. The muzzle door of the bow dynamite gun is open.

Holland VI was modified after her christening, and was renamed United States Submarine Torpedo Boat Holland (Submarine-1) when she was commissioned by the US Navy on 12 October 1900, at Newport, Rhode Island, with Lieutenant Harry H. Caldwell in command.

During her commissioned life in the USN, the Holland did not carry the hull designation SS-1. The designation system currently in use was placed into Naval Regulations on 17 July 1920. Thus, the Holland would have never been assigned SS-1. She would have been designated Submarine-1 or simply S-1 under the system in place between 1895 and 1920. Most historians, including official Navy sources, have retroactively applied both the prefix USS and the designation SS-1 to avoid confusion.

Holland was the first commissioned submarine in the US Navy and is the first of the unbroken line of submarines in the Navy. She was the fourth submarine to be owned by the Navy, however. The first submarine was Propeller (also known as Alligator), the second was Intelligent Whale and the third was Plunger, an experimental submarine, built in 1895, which is not to be confused with USS Plunger (SS-2).

Holland under construction, 1900

On 16 October 1900, in order to be kept serviceable throughout the winter, Holland left Newport under tow of the tug Leyden for Annapolis, Maryland, where she was used to train midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy, as well as officers and enlisted men ordered there to receive training vital in preparing for the operation of other submarines being built for the Fleet.

Holland proved valuable for experimental purposes in collecting data for submarines under construction or contemplation. Her 166 mi (267 km) surface run, from Annapolis to Norfolk, Virginia from 8–10 January 1901, provided useful data on her performance underway over an extended period.

Holland (briefly in 1899, on trials) and five Plunger class Holland-type submarines were based in New Suffolk, New York on the North Fork of Long Island from 1899 to 1905, prompting the hamlet to claim to be the first submarine base in the United States.

Except for the period from 15 June to 1 October 1901, which was passed training cadets at the Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island, Holland remained at Annapolis as a training submarine until 17 July 1905 when she was decommissioned.

Holland finished her career in reserve at Norfolk, Virginia. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 21 November 1910. This revolutionary submarine was sold as scrap to Henry A. Hitner & Sons of Philadelphia on 18 June 1913 for $100. Her purchaser was required to put up $5,000 bond as assurance that the submarine would be broken up and not used as a ship.

About 1915, the hulk of the Holland, stripped of her external fittings, was sold to Peter J. Gibbons. As of October 1916, she was on display in Philadelphia. In May 1917 she was moved to the Bronx, New York as a featured attraction at the Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries.

Holland was on display for several years in Paterson, New Jersey until she was finally scrapped in 1932.

See also

References

  1. ^ Friedman, p. 286
  2. ^ "Holland I (SS-1)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  3. "Crescent Shipyard". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  4. Holland, John Philip (5 October 1900). "Patent US702729A (Submarine boat.)". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  5. ^ Friedman, p. 306
  6. ^ Bauer and Roberts, p. 253
  7. ^ Friedman, p. 25
  8. Gardiner and Gray, pp. 126-127
  9. Derdahl, Guy; DiGiulian, Tony. "USN Ship Designations". NavWeaps. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  10. ^ Morris
  11. "History of Cutchogue-New Suffolk". cutchoguenewsuffolk.org. Archived from the original on 29 April 2006. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
  12. Ward County Independent, 26 October 1916. pg. 1.
  13. New York Tribune. 25 May 1917.

Bibliography

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