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{{Short description|Russian chess player and author (born 1922)}} {{Short description|Russian chess grandmaster and author (1922–2022)}}
{{family name hatnote|Lvovich|Averbakh|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{chess notation}}
{{Infobox chess player {{Infobox chess player
|name = Yuri Averbakh |name = Yuri Averbakh
|image = AwerbakhYuri2002.jpg |image = Yuriy Averbakh 1963.jpg
|caption = Averbakh at his 80th birthday |caption = Averbakh in 1963
|full_name = Yuri Lvovich Averbakh
|country = Russia
|country = ] → ]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1922|2|8}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|2|8|df=y}}
|birth_place = ], Russia
|birth_place = ], ], ]
|death_date =
|death_date = {{death date and age|2022|5|7|1922|2|8|df=y}}
|death_place =
|death_place = ], Russia
|title = ]
|title = ] (1952)
|worldchampion =
|peakranking = No. 32 (July 1971)
|womensworldchampion =
|peakrating = 2550 (July 1971)
|rating = 2445
|FideID = 4101529
|peakrating = 2550 (July 1971)
}} }}


'''Yuri Lvovich Averbakh''' ({{langx|ru|Ю́рий Льво́вич Аверба́х}}; 8 February 1922 – 7 May 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-08 |title=Yury Averbakh ist 95! |url=https://de.chessbase.com/post/yury-averbakh-ist-95 |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Schach Nachrichten |language=de}}</ref> was a Russian ] grandmaster and author. He was chairman of the ] from 1973 to 1978. He was the first ] FIDE ]. Despite his eyesight and hearing having worsened, by his 100th birthday he continued to devote time to chess-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yuri Averbakh celebrates his 100th birthday|url=https://chess24.com/en/read/news/yuri-averbakh-celebrates-100th-birthday|access-date=2022-02-08|website=chess24.com|language=en}}</ref>
'''Yuri Lvovich Averbakh''' ((February 8, 1922 in ], ] - May 7, 2022, ], Russia)<ref>, El País, 7-5-2022</ref> is a ] and Russian ] player and author. He is currently the oldest living chess grandmaster.


==Biography and career== ==Early life==
His father was German Jewish,<ref>, ], 8-2-2007</ref> and his ancestors came from Germany and were named ], meaning "meadow brook." His mother was Russian. Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was a likely ] and his mother was ], as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family. Averbak was born February 8, 1922 in ], Russia and is a holocaust survivor, having spent a year in ] in 1945. He calls himself a ]. Averbakh was born in ], Russia. His father was ],<ref>, ], 8-2-2007</ref> and his ancestors were named ], meaning "meadow brook". His mother was Russian. Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an ] and his mother was ], as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young, so his mother was expected to look after the family. Averbakh called himself a ].


==Career==
His first major success was first place in the ] of 1949, ahead of players such as ], ] and ]. He became an ] in 1952. In 1954 he won the ] ahead of players including ], ], ], ] and ]. In the 1956 Championship he came equal first with Taimanov and ] in the main event, finishing second after the playoff. Later Averbakh's daughter, Jane, would marry Taimanov. Averbakh's other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962. He qualified for the 1953 Candidates' Tournament (the last stage to determine the challenger to the ]), finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants. He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal at ], by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga. At Portorož, he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places, half a point short of advancing to the Candidates' Tournament.
===Tournament successes===
His first major success was the first place in the ] of 1949, ahead of players including ], ] and ]. He became an ] in 1952. In 1954 he won the ] ahead of players including ], ], ], ] and ]. In the 1956 Championship, he came equal first with Taimanov and ] in the main event, finishing second after the playoff. Later Averbakh's daughter, Jane, would marry Taimanov. Averbakh's other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962. He qualified for the 1953 ] (the last stage to determine the challenger to the ]), finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants. He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at ], by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga. At Portorož, he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places, half a point short of advancing to the Candidates' Tournament. He played in the ] in Israel, coming in fourth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chesstempo.com/gamedb/player/12966|title=Yuri L Averbakh - Chess Games|website=chesstempo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.365chess.com/tournaments/Maccabiah_1993/16407|title=Maccabiah 1993|website=365Chess.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/yuri-averbakh-100-years | title=Yuri Averbakh, the Oldest Living Grandmaster, Turns 100 | date=8 February 2022 }}</ref>


In February 2020, at the FIDE Congress in Abu Dhabi, Averbakh became an honorary member of FIDE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=90th FIDE Congress in Abu Dhabi: Days 2-3, Live updates |url=https://www.fide.com/news/381 |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=www.fide.com |language=en}}</ref>
His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome, as he wrote: :"...], who if he had the attack, could kill anybody, including ]. But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game. In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications."


===Playing style===
Averbakh was also a major ] theorist. He has published more than 100 studies, many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory. In 1956 he was given by ] the title of ] and in 1969 he became an ]. Averbakh was also an important chess journalist and author. He edited the Soviet chess periodicals '']'' and '']''. From 1956 to 1962 he edited (with ] and others) a four-volume anthology on the ], ''Shakhmatnye okonchaniya'' (revised in 1980-84 and translated as ''Comprehensive Chess Endings'', five volumes).
His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome, as he wrote: "...], who if he had the attack, could kill anybody, including ]. But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game. In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bg.ru/article/8937/|title=Юрий Авербах|website=Большой город|language=ru|access-date=2017-03-16|archive-date=2012-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054923/http://www.bg.ru/article/8937/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


He had plus records against the ] ] and ].
Averbakh is the ] of several ] variations, perhaps most notably the Averbakh System in the ]: '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 O-O 6.Bg5'''.


==Other== ===Writings===
Averbakh was also a major ] theorist. More than 100 studies were published during his lifetime, many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory. In 1956, he was given by ] the title of ] and in 1969 that of ].
]
In the 1960s, Averbakh worked for the Soviet journal ''Znanie - sila'' (Knowledge is Power), which published science and science fiction stories, and once even played a simultaneous game against representatives from the notorious state censorship organ 'Glavlit'. A colleague claims to have begged him before the match "Yuri, have a heart and lose!"<ref>{{citation| editor1-first=Martin| editor1-last=Dewhirst| editor2-first=Robert| editor2-last=Farrell| title=The Soviet Censorship| place=Metuchen, NJ| publisher=The Scarecrow Press| year=1973| page=55}}</ref>


Averbakh was also an important chess journalist and author. He edited the Soviet chess periodicals '']'' and '']''. From 1956 to 1962 he edited (with ] and others) a four-volume anthology on the ], ''Shakhmatnye okonchaniya'' (revised in 1980–84 and translated as ''Comprehensive Chess Endings'', in five volumes).
==Writings==
* ''Chess Endings: Essential Knowledge'', by Yuri Averbakh, 1966, 1993, ], ISBN 1-85744-022-6.
*''Comprehensive Chess Endings 1: Bishop Endings, Knight Endings'' by Averbakh and Chekhover, 1983, Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-026900-1
*''Comprehensive Chess Endings 2: Bishop vs Knight Endings, Rook vs Minor Piece Endings'' by Averbakh, 1985, Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-026901-X
*''Comprehensive Chess Endings 3: Queen Endings'' by Averbakh, 1986, Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-026904-4
*''Comprehensive Chess Endings 4: Pawn Endings'' by Averbakh and Maizelis, 1987, Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-032043-0
*''Comprehensive Chess Endings 5: Rook Endings'' by Averbakh, 1987, Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-032048-1
*''Chess Tactics for Advanced Players'', by Averbakh, 1985, Pergamon, ISBN 0-87568-218-9


===Openings contributions===
==References==
{{algebraic notation|pos=secright}}
<references/>
Averbakh is the ] of several ] variations.
*]: Averbakh variation (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5
*]: semi-Averbakh system (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3
*]: Averbakh variation (A42): 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4
*]: Averbakh variation (C87): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 d6


==Death and tributes==
]
Averbakh was born on 8 February 1922 in Kaluga, and died on 7 May 2022, in Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuri Averbakh passes away at age 100 |url=https://chess24.com/en/read/news/yuri-averbakh-passes-away-at-age-100 |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=chess24.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chess.com"></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> Averbakh is survived by a daughter, who was married to ] for ten years.<ref name="Chess.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=McClain |first=Dylan Loeb |date=May 9, 2022 |title=Yuri Averbakh, Chess’s First Centenarian Grandmaster, Dies at 100 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/09/sports/yuri-averbakh-dead.html}}</ref>

{{blockquote|He was an icon in the chess world. Apart from being the archetypal Soviet chess grandmaster, during the heyday of the USSR's chess imperium, Averbakh was the Renaissance Man of chess: a highly successful player, awarded the Grandmaster title in 1952, World Championship Candidate in 1953, Soviet Champion 1954, International Judge of chess composition (otherwise known as chess problems) in 1956, International Arbiter in 1969.<ref></ref>|''],'' ''The Article: Yuri Averbakh, 1922{{ndash}}2022''}}

==Honours and awards==
* ]
*] (1981)
*] (1957)
*] (1970)
*] (1970)
* ]: Knight Commander of the ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian Imperial House - The Head of the Russian Imperial House and Her Heir Visit Moscow, April 23-29, 2017|url=http://www.imperialhouse.ru/en/allnews-en/news/the-head-of-the-russian-imperial-house-and-her-heir-visit-moscow-april-23-29-2017.html|access-date=2021-02-08|website=www.imperialhouse.ru}}</ref>
*]<ref></ref>

==Books==

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1993
| title = Chess Endings: Essential Knowledge
| publisher = ]
| isbn = 978-1857440225
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Vitaly
| last2 = Chekhover
| year = 1983
| title = Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 1: Bishop Endings, Knight Endings
| publisher = Pergamon
| isbn = 978-4871875035
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1985
| title = Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 2: Bishop Against Knight Endings, Rook Against Minor Piece Endings
| publisher = Pergamon
| isbn = 978-4871875042
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Victor
| last2 = Henkin
| first3 = Vitaly
| last3 = Chekhover
| year = 1986
| title = Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 3: Queen and Pawn Endings, Queen Against Rook Endings, Queen Against Minor Piece Endings
| publisher = Pergamon
| isbn = 978-4871875059
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Ilya
| last2 = Maizelis
| year = 1987
| title = Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 4: Pawn Endings
| publisher = Pergamon
| isbn = 978-4871875066
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Nikolai
| last2 = Kopayev
| year = 1987
| title = Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 5: Rook Endings
| publisher = Pergamon
| isbn = 978-4871875073
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1992
| title = Chess Tactics for Advanced Players
| publisher = Sportverlag Berlin, Chess Digest
| isbn = 978-0875682181
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 2012
| title = A History of Chess: From Chaturanga to the Present Day
| publisher = Russell Enterprises
| isbn = 978-1936490448
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Mikhail
| last2 = Beilin
| year = 2014
| title = Journey to the Chess Kingdom
| publisher = Chess Evolution
| isbn = 978-8393465668
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 2011
| title = Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes: A Personal Memoir
| publisher = New In Chess
| isbn = 978-9056913649
| ref = none}}<ref>New In Chess, Alkmaar 2011, ISBN 978-90-5691-364-9.</ref>

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1996
| title = Chess Middlegames: Essential Knowledge
| publisher = Everyman Chess
| isbn = 978-1857441253
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1998
| title = Averbakh's Selected Games
| publisher = Cadogan
| isbn = 978-1857445480
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1978
| title = Rook v. Minor Piece Endings
| publisher = Batsford
| isbn = 978-0713408683
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first1 = Yuri
| last1 = Averbakh
| first2 = Mark
| last2 = Taimanov
| year = 1986
| title = The World Chess Championship, Karpov-Kasparov: Moscow 85
| publisher = Raduga
| isbn = 978-5050005533
| ref = none}}

* {{cite book
| first = Yuri
| last = Averbakh
| year = 1980
| title = Small Chess Dictionary
| publisher = Sahovski Informator
| isbn = 978-8672970128
| ref = none}}

==See also==
* ]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book *{{cite book
| author=Petursson, Margeir | author=Petursson, Margeir
Line 51: Line 224:
| year=1996 | year=1996
| publisher=Cadogan Books | publisher=Cadogan Books
| id=ISBN 9781857441185}} | isbn=978-1-85744-118-5}}
*''Averbakh's Selected Games'' by Averbakh, 1998, Everyman Chess, ISBN 1-85744-548-1
*Interview in ''The Day Kasparov Quit'' by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam *Interview in ''The Day Kasparov Quit'' by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{fide|id=4101529}}
*{{FIDE|4101529|Yuri L. Averbakh}}
* {{chessgames player|id=20559}}
*{{365Chess.com player|Yuri_L_Averbakh|Yuri L. Averbakh}}
*
*{{Chessgames player|20559|Yuri L. Averbakh}}
*
* *, ''ChessCafe.com''
*, ''ChessCafe.com''
*, Edward Winter

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 21:23, 22 December 2024

Russian chess grandmaster and author (1922–2022) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Lvovich and the family name is Averbakh.
Yuri Averbakh
Averbakh in 1963
Full nameYuri Lvovich Averbakh
CountrySoviet Union → Russia
Born(1922-02-08)8 February 1922
Kaluga, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died7 May 2022(2022-05-07) (aged 100)
Moscow, Russia
TitleGrandmaster (1952)
Peak rating2550 (July 1971)
Peak rankingNo. 32 (July 1971)

Yuri Lvovich Averbakh (Russian: Ю́рий Льво́вич Аверба́х; 8 February 1922 – 7 May 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster and author. He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978. He was the first centenarian FIDE Grandmaster. Despite his eyesight and hearing having worsened, by his 100th birthday he continued to devote time to chess-related activities.

Early life

Averbakh was born in Kaluga, Russia. His father was German Jewish, and his ancestors were named Auerbach, meaning "meadow brook". His mother was Russian. Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox, as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young, so his mother was expected to look after the family. Averbakh called himself a fatalist.

Career

Tournament successes

His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949, ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal, Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin. He became an international grandmaster in 1952. In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov, Viktor Korchnoi, Tigran Petrosian, Efim Geller and Salo Flohr. In the 1956 Championship, he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event, finishing second after the playoff. Later Averbakh's daughter, Jane, would marry Taimanov. Averbakh's other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962. He qualified for the 1953 Candidates' Tournament (the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion), finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants. He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož, by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga. At Portorož, he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places, half a point short of advancing to the Candidates' Tournament. He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, coming in fourth.

In February 2020, at the FIDE Congress in Abu Dhabi, Averbakh became an honorary member of FIDE.

Playing style

His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome, as he wrote: "...Nezhmetdinov, who if he had the attack, could kill anybody, including Tal. But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game. In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications."

He had plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian.

Writings

Averbakh was also a major endgame study theorist. More than 100 studies were published during his lifetime, many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory. In 1956, he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter.

Averbakh was also an important chess journalist and author. He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin. From 1956 to 1962 he edited (with Vitaly Chekhover and others) a four-volume anthology on the endgame, Shakhmatnye okonchaniya (revised in 1980–84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings, in five volumes).

Openings contributions

This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations.

  • King's Indian Defence: Averbakh variation (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5
  • King's Indian Defence: semi-Averbakh system (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3
  • Modern Defense: Averbakh variation (A42): 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4
  • Ruy Lopez: Averbakh variation (C87): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 d6

Death and tributes

Averbakh in 2007

Averbakh was born on 8 February 1922 in Kaluga, and died on 7 May 2022, in Moscow. Averbakh is survived by a daughter, who was married to Mark Taimanov for ten years.

He was an icon in the chess world. Apart from being the archetypal Soviet chess grandmaster, during the heyday of the USSR's chess imperium, Averbakh was the Renaissance Man of chess: a highly successful player, awarded the Grandmaster title in 1952, World Championship Candidate in 1953, Soviet Champion 1954, International Judge of chess composition (otherwise known as chess problems) in 1956, International Arbiter in 1969.

— Raymond Keene, The Article: Yuri Averbakh, 1922–2022

Honours and awards

Books

  • Averbakh, Yuri; Chekhover, Vitaly (1983). Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 1: Bishop Endings, Knight Endings. Pergamon. ISBN 978-4871875035.
  • Averbakh, Yuri (1985). Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 2: Bishop Against Knight Endings, Rook Against Minor Piece Endings. Pergamon. ISBN 978-4871875042.
  • Averbakh, Yuri; Henkin, Victor; Chekhover, Vitaly (1986). Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 3: Queen and Pawn Endings, Queen Against Rook Endings, Queen Against Minor Piece Endings. Pergamon. ISBN 978-4871875059.
  • Averbakh, Yuri; Maizelis, Ilya (1987). Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 4: Pawn Endings. Pergamon. ISBN 978-4871875066.
  • Averbakh, Yuri; Kopayev, Nikolai (1987). Comprehensive Chess Endings, Volume 5: Rook Endings. Pergamon. ISBN 978-4871875073.
  • Averbakh, Yuri (1992). Chess Tactics for Advanced Players. Sportverlag Berlin, Chess Digest. ISBN 978-0875682181.
  • Averbakh, Yuri (2012). A History of Chess: From Chaturanga to the Present Day. Russell Enterprises. ISBN 978-1936490448.
  • Averbakh, Yuri; Beilin, Mikhail (2014). Journey to the Chess Kingdom. Chess Evolution. ISBN 978-8393465668.
  • Averbakh, Yuri (2011). Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes: A Personal Memoir. New In Chess. ISBN 978-9056913649.
  • Averbakh, Yuri (1996). Chess Middlegames: Essential Knowledge. Everyman Chess. ISBN 978-1857441253.
  • Averbakh, Yuri; Taimanov, Mark (1986). The World Chess Championship, Karpov-Kasparov: Moscow 85. Raduga. ISBN 978-5050005533.

See also

Notes

  1. "Yury Averbakh ist 95!". Schach Nachrichten (in German). 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
  2. "Yuri Averbakh celebrates his 100th birthday". chess24.com. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
  3. Yuri Averbakh turns 85, Chessbase, 8-2-2007
  4. "Yuri L Averbakh - Chess Games". chesstempo.com.
  5. "Maccabiah 1993". 365Chess.com.
  6. "Yuri Averbakh, the Oldest Living Grandmaster, Turns 100". 8 February 2022.
  7. "90th FIDE Congress in Abu Dhabi: Days 2-3, Live updates". www.fide.com. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
  8. "Юрий Авербах". Большой город (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  9. "Yuri Averbakh passes away at age 100". chess24.com. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  10. ^ Chess.com: Yuri Averbakh, 1922–2022
  11. Chessbase: Yuri Averbakh passes away in Moscow
  12. FIDE: Yuri Averbakh (1922–2022)
  13. Chess Federation of Russia: Yuri Averbakh Has Passed Away
  14. McClain, Dylan Loeb (May 9, 2022). "Yuri Averbakh, Chess's First Centenarian Grandmaster, Dies at 100".
  15. The Article: Yuri Averbakh, 1922–2022
  16. "Russian Imperial House - The Head of the Russian Imperial House and Her Heir Visit Moscow, April 23-29, 2017". www.imperialhouse.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  17. 100-year-old grandmaster awarded the Order of Honor
  18. New In Chess, Alkmaar 2011, ISBN 978-90-5691-364-9.

References

  • Petursson, Margeir (1996). King's Indian Defense: Averbakh Variation. Cadogan Books. ISBN 978-1-85744-118-5.
  • Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam

External links

Categories: