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{{Short description|American railroad executive, philanthropist}}
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{{Infobox_Politician
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Timothy Blackstone | name = Timothy Blackstone
| image = 20061030 Timothy Blackstone Bronze Plaque.JPG | image = Timothy.B.Blackstone.png
| alt = A black and white circular portrait of a Caucasian man in a suit and bow tie
| width = 150px
| height = 200px | caption =
<!--
| caption = Timothy B. Blackstone Bronze Plaque<br><small>located in ]</small> | caption = Timothy B. Blackstone Bronze Plaque<br><small>located in ]</small>
-->
| birth_date = ], ]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1829|3|28|mf=y}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = ], ] | birth_place = ]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1900|5|26|1829|3|28|mf=y}}
⚫ | death_place = ], ]
| residence = ], ] | death_place = Chicago, Illinois
⚫ | residence = Chicago, Illinois
| office = Mayor of La Salle, Illinois | office = Mayor of La Salle, Illinois
| term_start = ] | term_start = 1854
| term_end = ] | term_end = 1855
| predecessor = | predecessor =
| successor = | successor =
| party = | party =
⚫ | spouse = {{Marriage|Isabella Farnsworth Norton|1868}}
| religion = ]<ref name="obit">{{cite news |last= |first= |url= |title=T.B. Blackstone. Former Alton President. T.B. Blackstone Is Dead |publisher= ] |date=1900-05-27 |page=6}}</ref>
| signature = Signature of Timothy Beach Blackstone (1829–1900).png
⚫ | spouse = Isabella Farnsworth Norton
| children = none
| website = | website =
}} }}
'''Timothy Beach Blackstone''' (March 28, 1829 – May 26, 1900) was an American railroad executive, businessman, philanthropist, and politician. He is descended from ], an early settler of ]. He worked in the railroad industry for most of his life after dropping out of school. At the time of his death, his estate was worth US$6 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|6|1900|r=1}}}} million today).


Blackstone served as president of the ] from 1864 through 1899, was a founding president of the ], and served one term as mayor of ]. He was the benefactor of the ] in Branford, Connecticut, and his widow donated the ] to the ] in 1902, the first dedicated branch of the Chicago Public Library system.<ref name=CPLBlHis>{{cite web|url=http://www.chipublib.org/branch/details/library/blackstone/p/History/|access-date=January 31, 2010|publisher=Chicago Public Library|title=Blackstone: About this Library|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318022012/http://www.chipublib.org/branch/details/library/blackstone/p/History/|archive-date=March 18, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Blackstones also funded Blackstone Hall for the ],<ref name=tAICMS10>{{citation|contribution=The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies|volume=14|issue=1|page=10|date=1988|publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago|isbn=0-226-02813-5|title=The Art Institute of Chicago Buildings 1879-1988: A Chronology}}</ref> and his mansion became the site of the ] and the ].
'''Timothy Beach Blackstone''' (], ] – ], ]) served as president of the ] from 1864 through 1899. He was also a one-term ] of LaSalle, Illinois and a founding president of the Union Stockyards.


== Early life == ==Early life==
Blackstone was born in ], ], the sixth child, and fourth son, of James Blackstone and Sarah Beach. His father, James, served in the ] state ] representing the sixth district. The family is descended from ], who arrived in New England in the seventeenth century.<ref name="hinman">Ida Hinman. "." Methodist Book Concern Press, 1917.</ref> Blackstone was born in ], the sixth child, and fourth son, of James Blackstone and Sarah Beach. His father, James, served in the ] representing the sixth district.<ref name="hinman"/> James had also served in the ] and the Connecticut militia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.branford-ct.gov/History/Blackstone.htm|title=Branford's James Blackstone Memorial Library|access-date=January 31, 2010|author=Borgemeister, Peter|publisher=Town of Branford|archive-date=October 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027004057/http://branford-ct.gov/History/Blackstone.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The family is descended from ], an English settler who arrived in New England in the seventeenth century and became the first European settler in ].<ref name="hinman">]. " {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203051/http://www.dangel.net/AMERICA/Blackstone/TimothyBeachBlackstone.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}." Methodist Book Concern Press, 1917.</ref> ], an English ] and ], is a distant cousin.<ref name="hinman" />


Health issues caused Blackstone to drop out of school in 1847, and he got a job working for ], surveying the ]. He only worked on the NY&NH for a year before becoming an assistant engineer on the ]. Again, he only remained with the firm a short time before leaving for the ]. In 1851, Roswell invited Blackstone to help lay a railroad between ] and ], ]. Blackstone accepted the job and moved to ].<ref name="hinman"> </ref> Health issues caused Blackstone to drop out of school in 1847, and he began working for ], surveying the ] (NY&NH). He only worked on the NY&NH for a year before becoming an assistant ] on the ].<ref>{{Cite book | publisher = Methodist Book Concern Press | last = Hinman | first = Ida | title = Biography of Timothy B. Blackstone | url = https://archive.org/details/biographytimoth00hinmgoog | pages =–17 | year = 1917 }}</ref> Again, he only remained with the firm a short time before leaving for the ]. In 1851, Roswell invited Blackstone to supervise construction of the ] between ] and ].<ref name=SC/> Blackstone accepted the job and moved to ].<ref name="hinman" />


== Ascendancy == ==Career and life ==
Blackstone was elected mayor of La Salle in 1854 and served a single term, his only foray into elected office. After leaving office, he returned to working on railroads, first as chief engineer of the ], which would eventually become the Chicago and Alton Railroad.<ref name="hinman"> </ref> Blackstone became president of the Joliet and Chicago Railroad in ] and kept the line solvent while other divisions were filing for bankruptcy. When the system was reorganized, he was named president of the board of directors for the company. ] also served on the ].<ref name="TBC155">Berger, Miles L., ''They Built Chicago: Entreprenuers Who Shaped a Great City's Architecture'', Bonus Books, Inc., Chicago, 1992, p. 155., ISBN 0-929387-76-7.</ref> Although Blackstone served with the Alton Railroad for more than a quarter century, he refused a salary. When the Board of Directors voted to pay him $10,000 per year, he turned it down.<ref name="obit"> </ref> Blackstone was elected ] of LaSalle in 1854 and served a single term, his only foray into politics. After leaving office, he returned to working on railroads, first as chief engineer of the ], which would eventually become the Chicago and Alton Railroad.<ref name="hinman" /> Blackstone became president of the Joliet and Chicago Railroad in 1861,<ref name="hinman" /> and he kept the line solvent while other divisions were filing for bankruptcy. When the system was reorganized, he was named president of the board of directors for the company, serving with ].<ref name="TBC155">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/theybuiltchicago0000berg/page/155/mode/1up |last=Berger |first=Miles L. |title=They Built Chicago: Entrepreneurs Who Shaped a Great City's Architecture |publisher=Bonus Books, Inc. |place=Chicago |date=1992 |page=155 |isbn=0-929387-76-7 |access-date=2024-04-14 |via=Internet Archive |url-access=registration}}</ref> Although Blackstone served with the Alton Railroad for more than a quarter century, he refused a salary. When the directors voted to pay him $10,000 per year, he turned it down.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-t-b-blackstone-is-dead/145379501/ |title=T. B. Blackstone. Former Alton President. T. B. Blackstone Is Dead |newspaper=] |date=May 27, 1900 |page=8 |access-date=2024-04-14 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In addition to his employment and activities with the railroads, Blackstone was the first president of the company that controlled the ].<ref name="naming">Peggy Sullivan, "Naming the Branches," ''Journal of the Caxton Club'', June 2006, p. 1.</ref>


In 1899, a syndicate headed by ] wanted to purchase the Alton Railroad but Blackstone disapproved of the sale. After many months of wrangling, Blackstone transferred all his stock in the company to the United States Trust Company and resigned as president, effective April 1, 1899. This action allowed the Harriman syndicate to take over the line.<ref name="stock">{{cite news |last= |first= |url= |title=Blackstone Gives It Up |publisher= ] |date=1899-03-31 |page=3}}</ref> Although Blackstone had refused a salary from the railroad, he was an investor in it. In 1899, a competing group of investors headed by ] wanted to purchase the Alton Railroad but Blackstone disapproved of the sale. After many months of wrangling, Blackstone transferred all of his stock in the company to the United States Trust Company and resigned as president, effective April 1, 1899. This action allowed the Harriman-led group to assume control of the line.<ref name="stock">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-blackstone-gives-it-up/145379014/ |title=Blackstone Gives It Up |newspaper=] |date=March 31, 1899 |page=3 |access-date=2024-04-14 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>


In 1868, Blackstone married Isabella Farnsworth Norton, the daughter of a successful businessman from ].<ref>{{Cite book | publisher = S.J. Clarke | last = Hill | first = Everett Gleason | title = A modern history of New Haven and eastern New Haven County | url = https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofn01hill | page = 720 | year = 1918 }}</ref> Blackstone died of ] on May 26, 1900, in Chicago, Illinois. His funeral was held at the Second Presbyterian Church and was then transported to Norwich, Connecticut for burial.<ref name="obit" />
In addition to his activities in the Railroads, Blackstone was the first president of the company that controlled the ].<ref name="naming">Peggy Sullivan, "Naming the Branches," ''Journal of the Caxton Club'', June 2006, p.1.</ref>


⚫ ==Blackstone Mansion==
In 1868, Blackstone married Isabella Farnsworth Norton, the daughter of a successful businessman from ].
⚫ Blackstone built a 19th-century ] for himself at 252 ] in Chicago in what is now the ].<ref name="obit" /> The property later became the site of the ] and the ].<ref name="TBC155"/> Following the ] in 1871, he invited his friend ] to stay with him, which Crerar did for twelve years. Crerar donated the ] and Blackstone continued to donate funds toward the maintenance of the building throughout his life. The Crerar Library has now merged with the ].<ref>{{Cite web | title = About the John Crerar Library | access-date = August 19, 2009 | date = June 24, 2009 | url = https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/crerar/about.html }}</ref>


==Bequests==
Blackstone died of pneumonia on May 26, 1900, in ], Illinois. His funeral was held at the Second Presbyterian Church and was then transported to ] for burial.<ref name="obit"> </ref>
]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/americansculptor00coup/page/n152/mode/1up |last=Couper |first=Greta Elena |title=An American Sculptor on the grand Tour: The Life and Works of William Couper (1853–1942) |publisher=TreCavalli Press |place=Los Angeles, California |isbn=0962063541 |page=101 |date=1988 |access-date=2024-04-14 |via=Internet Archive |url-access=registration}}</ref> at ]|alt=a circular bronze plaque has a raised impression of the bust of a man who is facing to the left. The place is located on bronze railings.]]
Blackstone donated a library of 5,000 books and a building to the city of Branford, Connecticut with the only stipulation that it be named in honor of his father. A ] was devised for the library by the ] vesting control of the library in a self-perpetuating board of trustees consisting of six residents of Branford and the librarian of ].<ref name="branford">{{cite web | title = History of the James Blackstone Memorial Library | publisher = James Blackstone Memorial Library | url = http://www.blackstone.lioninc.org/history.htm | access-date = February 16, 2007 | archive-date = March 10, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070310211738/http://www.blackstone.lioninc.org/history.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The building was designed by Chicago architect ].<ref name="branford" /> The library was constructed from 1893&ndash;96.<ref name="branford"/>


In 1904, Isabella Blackstone donated the ] to the city of Chicago. Located at the intersection of Blackstone Avenue, Lake Park Avenue, and Forty-Ninth Street, the library is modeled after the James Blackstone Library in Branford, Connecticut. Blackstone Avenue running along the 1436 east block from 4900 south (starting behind Blackstone Library) to 10350 south is named after him.<ref name=SC>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/streetwisechicag0000hayn/page/12/mode/1up |last1=Hayner |first1=Don |first2=Tom |last2=McNamee |title=Streetwise Chicago |page=12 |publisher=] |date=1988 |isbn=0-8294-0597-6 |access-date=2024-04-14 |via=Internet Archive |url-access=registration}}</ref>
⚫ == Blackstone mansion ==
⚫ Blackstone built a mansion for himself at 252 ] in Chicago. <ref name="obit"> </ref> The property later became th site of the ] and the ].<ref name="TBC155"> </ref> Following the ] in 1871, he invited his friend ] to stay with him, which Crerar proceeded to do for twelve years. Crerar donated the ] to the city of Chicago and Blackstone continued to donate to the maintenance of the building throughout his life. Blackstone also donated a library and building to his hometown with the only stipulation that it be named in honor of his father. The building was designed by Chicago architect ].


Also, the Blackstone's funded Blackstone Hall in the Art Institute of Chicago Building. The two-story ground level gallery was added next to the east wall of the original building for display of architectural and sculptural ].<ref name=tAICMS10/>
== Blackstone library (Hyde Park) ==
In 1904, Isabella Blackstone donated the ] to the city of Chicago. Located at the intersection of Blackstone Avenue, Lake Park Avenue, and Forty-ninth Street, the library is modeled after the James Blackstone Library in Branford, Connecticut.


'']'' published details of his ]. When Blackstone died, his will directed the disposition of his assets that amounted to US$6 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|6|1900|r=1}}}} million today). Of that total, $375,000 was bequeathed to relatives and $250,000 to public institutions (], Chicago Orphan Asylum, Home for the Friendless at Chicago, ], Passavant Memorial Hospital, Chicago Relief and Aid Society, $25,000 each and James Blackstone Memorial Library Association, $100,000). The remainder went to his widow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/19/102610973.pdf|title=Will Of Timothy B. Blackstone; Chicago Railway Magnate Bequeathed $250,000 to Public Institutions.|access-date=January 31, 2010|date=July 19, 1900|work=]|page=9 }}</ref> Blackstone was also a close associate of his cousin, ].
== Support for Zionism==
Blackstone was an early financial supporter of his cousin, ],<ref>{{cite web |author= |url= http://www.smokershistory.com/Blacksto.htm |publisher= |title= The Blackstone Zionists| date= 2006-09-06 |accessdate=2007-02-15}}</ref> who in 1891 proposed giving ] to the ].


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

<references />


==External links== ==External links==
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409070943/http://www.chipublib.org/branch/details/library/blackstone/p/Index |date=April 9, 2010 }}
*
*


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years=1864 &ndash; 1899| years=1864 &ndash; 1899|
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Latest revision as of 15:38, 28 September 2024

American railroad executive, philanthropist

Timothy Blackstone
A black and white circular portrait of a Caucasian man in a suit and bow tie
Mayor of La Salle, Illinois
In office
1854–1855
Personal details
Born(1829-03-28)March 28, 1829
Branford, Connecticut
DiedMay 26, 1900(1900-05-26) (aged 71)
Chicago, Illinois
Spouse Isabella Farnsworth Norton ​ ​(m. 1868)​
Residence(s)Chicago, Illinois
Signature

Timothy Beach Blackstone (March 28, 1829 – May 26, 1900) was an American railroad executive, businessman, philanthropist, and politician. He is descended from William Blaxton, an early settler of New England. He worked in the railroad industry for most of his life after dropping out of school. At the time of his death, his estate was worth US$6 million ($219.7 million today).

Blackstone served as president of the Chicago and Alton Railroad from 1864 through 1899, was a founding president of the Union Stock Yards, and served one term as mayor of La Salle, Illinois. He was the benefactor of the James Blackstone Memorial Library in Branford, Connecticut, and his widow donated the Blackstone Memorial Library to the Chicago Public Library in 1902, the first dedicated branch of the Chicago Public Library system. The Blackstones also funded Blackstone Hall for the Art Institute of Chicago Building, and his mansion became the site of the Blackstone Hotel and the Blackstone Theatre.

Early life

Blackstone was born in Branford, Connecticut, the sixth child, and fourth son, of James Blackstone and Sarah Beach. His father, James, served in the Connecticut Senate representing the sixth district. James had also served in the Connecticut House of Representatives and the Connecticut militia. The family is descended from William Blaxton, an English settler who arrived in New England in the seventeenth century and became the first European settler in Rhode Island. William Blackstone, an English judge and jurist, is a distant cousin.

Health issues caused Blackstone to drop out of school in 1847, and he began working for Roswell B. Mason, surveying the New York and New Haven Railroad (NY&NH). He only worked on the NY&NH for a year before becoming an assistant engineer on the Stockbridge and Pittsfield Railroad. Again, he only remained with the firm a short time before leaving for the Vermont Valley Railroad. In 1851, Roswell invited Blackstone to supervise construction of the Illinois Central Railroad between Bloomington and Dixon, Illinois. Blackstone accepted the job and moved to La Salle, Illinois.

Career and life

Blackstone was elected mayor of LaSalle in 1854 and served a single term, his only foray into politics. After leaving office, he returned to working on railroads, first as chief engineer of the Joliet and Chicago Railroad, which would eventually become the Chicago and Alton Railroad. Blackstone became president of the Joliet and Chicago Railroad in 1861, and he kept the line solvent while other divisions were filing for bankruptcy. When the system was reorganized, he was named president of the board of directors for the company, serving with John Drake. Although Blackstone served with the Alton Railroad for more than a quarter century, he refused a salary. When the directors voted to pay him $10,000 per year, he turned it down. In addition to his employment and activities with the railroads, Blackstone was the first president of the company that controlled the Union Stock Yards.

Although Blackstone had refused a salary from the railroad, he was an investor in it. In 1899, a competing group of investors headed by E. H. Harriman wanted to purchase the Alton Railroad but Blackstone disapproved of the sale. After many months of wrangling, Blackstone transferred all of his stock in the company to the United States Trust Company and resigned as president, effective April 1, 1899. This action allowed the Harriman-led group to assume control of the line.

In 1868, Blackstone married Isabella Farnsworth Norton, the daughter of a successful businessman from Norwich, Connecticut. Blackstone died of pneumonia on May 26, 1900, in Chicago, Illinois. His funeral was held at the Second Presbyterian Church and was then transported to Norwich, Connecticut for burial.

Blackstone Mansion

Blackstone built a 19th-century mansion for himself at 252 Michigan Avenue in Chicago in what is now the Historic Michigan Boulevard District. The property later became the site of the Blackstone Hotel and the Blackstone Theatre. Following the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, he invited his friend John Crerar to stay with him, which Crerar did for twelve years. Crerar donated the John Crerar Library and Blackstone continued to donate funds toward the maintenance of the building throughout his life. The Crerar Library has now merged with the University of Chicago.

Bequests

a circular bronze plaque has a raised impression of the bust of a man who is facing to the left. The place is located on bronze railings.
Plaque by William Couper at Blackstone Library

Blackstone donated a library of 5,000 books and a building to the city of Branford, Connecticut with the only stipulation that it be named in honor of his father. A charter was devised for the library by the Connecticut State Legislature vesting control of the library in a self-perpetuating board of trustees consisting of six residents of Branford and the librarian of Yale University. The building was designed by Chicago architect Solon Spencer Beman. The library was constructed from 1893–96.

In 1904, Isabella Blackstone donated the T.B. Blackstone Memorial Branch Library to the city of Chicago. Located at the intersection of Blackstone Avenue, Lake Park Avenue, and Forty-Ninth Street, the library is modeled after the James Blackstone Library in Branford, Connecticut. Blackstone Avenue running along the 1436 east block from 4900 south (starting behind Blackstone Library) to 10350 south is named after him.

Also, the Blackstone's funded Blackstone Hall in the Art Institute of Chicago Building. The two-story ground level gallery was added next to the east wall of the original building for display of architectural and sculptural casts.

The New York Times published details of his will. When Blackstone died, his will directed the disposition of his assets that amounted to US$6 million ($219.7 million today). Of that total, $375,000 was bequeathed to relatives and $250,000 to public institutions (Chicago Art Institute, Chicago Orphan Asylum, Home for the Friendless at Chicago, St. Luke's Hospital, Passavant Memorial Hospital, Chicago Relief and Aid Society, $25,000 each and James Blackstone Memorial Library Association, $100,000). The remainder went to his widow. Blackstone was also a close associate of his cousin, William Eugene Blackstone.

References

  1. "Blackstone: About this Library". Chicago Public Library. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
  2. ^ "The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies", The Art Institute of Chicago Buildings 1879-1988: A Chronology, vol. 14, The Art Institute of Chicago, 1988, p. 10, ISBN 0-226-02813-5
  3. ^ Ida Hinman. "Biography of Timothy B. Blackstone Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine." Methodist Book Concern Press, 1917.
  4. Borgemeister, Peter. "Branford's James Blackstone Memorial Library". Town of Branford. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
  5. Hinman, Ida (1917). Biography of Timothy B. Blackstone. Methodist Book Concern Press. pp. 15–17.
  6. ^ Hayner, Don; McNamee, Tom (1988). Streetwise Chicago. Loyola University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-8294-0597-6. Retrieved April 14, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  7. ^ Berger, Miles L. (1992). They Built Chicago: Entrepreneurs Who Shaped a Great City's Architecture. Chicago: Bonus Books, Inc. p. 155. ISBN 0-929387-76-7. Retrieved April 14, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ "T. B. Blackstone. Former Alton President. T. B. Blackstone Is Dead". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 27, 1900. p. 8. Retrieved April 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. Peggy Sullivan, "Naming the Branches," Journal of the Caxton Club, June 2006, p. 1.
  10. "Blackstone Gives It Up". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 31, 1899. p. 3. Retrieved April 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. Hill, Everett Gleason (1918). A modern history of New Haven and eastern New Haven County. S.J. Clarke. p. 720.
  12. "About the John Crerar Library". June 24, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  13. Couper, Greta Elena (1988). An American Sculptor on the grand Tour: The Life and Works of William Couper (1853–1942). Los Angeles, California: TreCavalli Press. p. 101. ISBN 0962063541. Retrieved April 14, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  14. ^ "History of the James Blackstone Memorial Library". James Blackstone Memorial Library. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
  15. "Will Of Timothy B. Blackstone; Chicago Railway Magnate Bequeathed $250,000 to Public Institutions" (PDF). The New York Times. July 19, 1900. p. 9. Retrieved January 31, 2010.

External links

Preceded byNone President of Chicago and Alton Railroad
1864 – 1899 		Succeeded bySamuel Morse Felton Jr.
Chicago

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