Misplaced Pages

Historic Pact for Colombia: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 13:20, 23 May 2022 editJuan239272 (talk | contribs)15 editsNo edit summaryTags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit Latest revision as of 21:22, 4 December 2024 edit undoCharles Essie (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users83,401 edits Parties: added logo 
(96 intermediate revisions by 45 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Colombian political alliance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}} {{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox political party {{Infobox political party
Line 4: Line 6:
| native_name = Pacto Histórico por Colombia | native_name = Pacto Histórico por Colombia
| logo = Logo of the Historic Pact for Colombia.svg | logo = Logo of the Historic Pact for Colombia.svg
| logo_size = 200
| colorcode = {{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}} | colorcode = {{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}
| leader1_title = | leader1_title =
| leader1_name = | leader1_name =
| foundation = 11 February 2021 | foundation = 11 February 2021
| ideology = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] | ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|]<ref>{{cite web|date=20 January 2022|title=El opositor Pacto Histórico lanza su campaña electoral en Colombia|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/el-opositor-pacto-historico-lanza-su-campana-electoral-para-cambio-en-colombia/20000035-4721411|access-date=|website=Efe|language=es-CO}}</ref>
| position = ]
|]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/04/world/americas/leftists-elections-latin-america.html|title=Leftists Are Ascendant in Latin America as Key Elections Loom|date=4 January 2022|website=The New York Times|language=English}}</ref>
|]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chetwynd|first=Gareth|date=2022-05-11|title=Petro closing in on historic victory as Colombian oil industry is asked to take a bow {{!}} Upstream Online|url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/people/petro-closing-in-on-historic-victory-as-colombian-oil-industry-is-asked-to-take-a-bow/2-1-1216668|access-date=2022-05-28|website=Upstream Online|language=en}}</ref>
|]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombia: Pacto Histórico contra el neoliberalismo|url=https://enredaccion.com.ar/opinion-colombia-pacto-historico-contra-el-neoliberalismo/|website= En Redacción|date=2022-03-11}}</ref>
}}
| position = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|]<ref>{{cite web|date=13 March 2022|title=Petro arrasa y será el candidato presidencial del Pacto Histórico|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/petro-arrasa-en-colombia-y-sera-el-candidato-presidencial-del-pacto-historico/20000035-4760111|access-date=|website=Efe|language=es-CO}}</ref>
|'''Factions:'''
|]<ref>{{cite web|date=March 18, 2022|title=Colombia's Left Finds Its Footing|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/18/colombia-legislative-elections-presidential-primaries-gustavo-petro/|access-date=|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> to ]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prashad|first=Vijay|date=1 March 2022|title=Could Colombia have a left-wing government? |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.388529049112304|journal=Guardian (Sydney)|issue=2000|pages=10}}</ref>
}}
| affiliation1_title = Member parties | affiliation1_title = Member parties
| affiliation1 = | affiliation1 =
| slogan = Colombia can! | slogan = ''Colombia can!''
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|34|188|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}} | seats1 = {{Composition bar|28|188|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
| seats1_title = Seats in the ] | seats1_title = ]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|22|108|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}} | seats2 = {{Composition bar|20|108|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
| seats2_title = Seats in the ] | seats2_title = ]
| seats3_title = ] | seats3_title = ]
| seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1|32|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}} | seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1|32|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
| seats4_title = ] | seats4_title = ]s
| seats4 = {{Infobox political party/seats|70|1102|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}} | seats4 = {{Infobox political party/seats|70|1102|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
| website = https://pactohistorico.com/ | website = {{URL|pactohistorico.com}}
| country = Colombia | country = Colombia
}} }}
The '''Historic Pact for Colombia''' ({{langx|es|Pacto Histórico por Colombia}}, '''PHxC''') is a political and electoral coalition in ] composed of political parties and social movements with ideologies ranging from the ],<ref>{{cite web|date=2 May 2022|title=La estrategia del Pacto Histórico|url=https://www.elespectador.com/politica/elecciones-colombia-2022/infiltracion-las-claves-de-la-cuestionada-estrategia-del-pacto-historico/|access-date=|website=El Espectador|language=es-CO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2021|title=Pacto Histórico por Colombia: quienes lo conforman y últimas incorporaciones|url=https://colombia.as.com/colombia/2021/09/24/actualidad/1632502618_155503.html|access-date=|website=Colombia As|language=es-CO}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web|date=13 March 2022|title=Petro arrasa y será el candidato presidencial del Pacto Histórico|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/petro-arrasa-en-colombia-y-sera-el-candidato-presidencial-del-pacto-historico/20000035-4760111|access-date=|website=Efe|language=es-CO}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prashad|first=Vijay|date=2022-03-01|title=Could Colombia have a left-wing government?|url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.388529049112304|journal=Guardian (Sydney)|issue=2000|pages=10}}</ref> It is the current Government Coalition in Colombia after the 2022 ].
The '''Historic Pact for Colombia''' ({{lang-es|Pacto Histórico por Colombia}}; '''PHxC''') is a political and electoral coalition in ] composed of political parties and social movements with ideologies from the ]


This was launched on 11 February 2021 through a press conference where political leaders of the country participated, including ], Alexander López, ], María José Pizarro, ], ], ], ], Jorge Rojas Rodríguez, Iván Guarín and Martha Peralta. In September 2021 Agmeth Escaf, Luis Fernando Velasco and ] were added to the coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-24|title=Pacto Histórico por Colombia: quiénes lo conforman y últimas incorporaciones|url=https://colombia.as.com/colombia/2021/09/24/actualidad/1632502618_155503.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=AS Colombia|language=es-co}}</ref> This was launched on 11 February 2021 through a press conference where political leaders of the country participated, including ], Alexander López, ], ], ], ], ], ], Jorge Rojas Rodríguez, Iván Guarín, and Martha Peralta. In September 2021 Agmeth Escaf, Luis Fernando Velasco, and ] were added to the coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-24|title=Pacto Histórico por Colombia: quiénes lo conforman y últimas incorporaciones|url=https://colombia.as.com/colombia/2021/09/24/actualidad/1632502618_155503.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=AS Colombia|language=es-co}}</ref> The coalition's presidential nominee, Gustavo Petro, advanced to the second round and defeated ].<ref>{{cite web|title=La diferencia entre el preconteo y el escrutinio municipal en la primera vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 fue de tan solo el 0,1 %|url=https://www.registraduria.gov.co/La-diferencia-entre-el-preconteo-y-el-escrutinio-municipal-en-la-primera-vuelta.html|publisher=National Registry of Colombia|access-date=22 June 2022|language=es|date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607002815/https://www.registraduria.gov.co/La-diferencia-entre-el-preconteo-y-el-escrutinio-municipal-en-la-primera-vuelta.html|archive-date=7 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="resultados">{{cite web|title=PRESIDENTE {{!}} Elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República 2022|url=https://resultados.registraduria.gov.co/presidente/0/colombia|publisher=National Register of Colombia|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020095745/https://resultados.registraduria.gov.co/presidente/0/colombia|archive-date=20 October 2022|language=Spanish|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Mission== ==Mission==
*Obtain a majority in the ], by winning the ] on 13 March, a total of 55 senators and 86 representatives to the chamber. *Obtain a majority in the ] by winning a total of 55 seats in the ] and 86 seats in the ] in the ] on 13 March.
*Present the country with an alternative power proposal that will be built by the social bases that accompany the Historic Pact. *Present the country with an alternative power proposal that will be built by the social bases that accompany the Historic Pact.
*Winning the presidency in the ] on of 29 May (first presidential round), and if applicable, in those of 19 June (second round). *Win the presidency in the ], with the first and second rounds being held on 29 May and 19 June respectively.


==Composition==
==Member Parties and Presidential Candidates==
===Parties===
{|class="wikitable sortable" {|class="wikitable sortable"
|- |-
!colspan=2|Party !colspan=2 rowspan=2|Logo
!colspan=2|Name
!Political Position
!rowspan=2|Ideology
!Party leader
!rowspan=2|Position
!rowspan=2|Leader
|- |-
!scope="col"|English
| style="background:#be3128;"|
!scope="col"|Spanish
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Humane Colombia}};"|
|]
|] |]
|''Colombia Humana''
|]
|]
|]
|] |]
|- |-
| style="background:#0089c7;"| |style="background:#0089C7;"|
|Todos Somos Colombia |]
|]
|]
|''Todos Somos Colombia''
|]
|]
|] to ]
|]
|- |-
| style="background:#ff6708;" | |style="background:#FF6708;"|
|Fuerza Ciudadana |]
|]
|]
|''Fuerza Ciudadana''
|]
|]
|Carlos Caicedo Omar |Carlos Caicedo Omar
|- |-
| style="background:#B3134E;"| |style="background:{{party color|Alternative Democratic Pole}};"|
|]
|Poder Ciudadano
|]
|]
|-
| style="background:yellow;" |
|] |]
|''Polo Democrático Alternativo''
|]
|]
|Alexander López Maya
|]
|]
|- |-
| style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union (Colombia)}};" | |style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union (Colombia)}};"|
|]
|] |]
|''Unión Patriótica''
|]
|]
|]
|] |]
|- |-
| style="background:{{party color|Colombian Communist Party}};" | |style="background:{{party color|Colombian Communist Party}};"|
|]
|] |]
|''Partido Comunista Colombiano''
|]
|]
|Jaime Caycedo Turriago
|] to ]
|]
|- |-
| style="background:{{party color|Common Alternative Revolutionary Force}};" | |style="background:{{party color|Common Alternative Revolutionary Force}};"|
|]
|] |]
|''Comunes''
|]
|]
|]
|] |]
|- |-
| style="background:{{party color|Common Alternative Revolutionary Force}};" | |style="background:#FF0000;"|
|]
|Marcha Patriótica
|]
|]
|''Partido del Trabajo de Colombia''
|None
|]
|]
|Yezid García Abello
|- |-
| style="background:#c0282b;" | |style="background:{{party color|Indigenous Authorities of Colombia}};"|
|]
|MODEP
|]
|] to ]
|''Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia''
|None (])
|]
|] to ]
|Laudelino Bernier
|- |-
| style="background:#FF0000;" | |style="background:#ED151F;"|
|]
|Worker's Party
|]
|] to ]
|''Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social''
|Yezid García Abello
|]
|] to ]
|]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Broad Democratic Alliance}};"|
|]
|]
|''Alianza Democrática Amplia''
|]
|]
|Paulino Riascos
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Hope}};"|
|]
|]
|''Esperanza Democrática''
|]
|]
|Bernardo Gutiérrez
|-
|
|]
|]
|''La Fuerza de la Paz''
|]
|]
|]
|-
|style="background:#008000;"|
|
|]{{Efn|This refers to the Colombian political party, not ].|name=independent}}
|''Independientes''
|]
|]
|]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Soy Porque Somos}};"|
|
|]
|''Soy Porque Somos''
|]
|]
|Dorina Hernández
|}

===Movements===
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2024}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Logo
!colspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2|Ideology
!rowspan=2|Position
!rowspan=2|Leader
|-
!scope="col"|English
!scope="col"|Spanish
|-
|style="background:#00A488;"|
|]
|]
|''Poder Ciudadano''
|]
|]
|]
|-
|style="background:#C0282B;"|
|]
|Movement for the Defense of the People's Rights
|''Movimiento por la Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo''
|]
|]
|None (])
|- |-
| style="background:#EB6109;" | |style="background:#EB6109;"|
|Congreso de los Pueblos |]
|]
| ]
|''Congreso de los Pueblos''
|none
|]
|]
|]
|- |-
| style="background:#602b7d;"| |style="background:#602B7D;"|
|Ciudadanías Libres |]
|Free Citizenships
|]
|''Ciudadanías Libres''
|
|]
|Jorge Rojas Rodríguez |Jorge Rojas Rodríguez
|- |-
| style="background:#9A0A4B;"| |style="background:#9A0A4B;"|
|Unidad Democrática |]
|]
|]
|''Unidad Democrática''
|]
|]
|Luis Carlos Avellaneda Tarazona |Luis Carlos Avellaneda Tarazona
|- |-
| style="background:#bf1a10;"| |style="background:#BF1A10;"|
|
|Movimiento por la Constituyente Popular
|Movement for the Popular Constituent Assembly
|]
|''Movimiento por la Constituyente Popular''
|
|]
|Yafeth Ramos |Yafeth Ramos
|- |-
| style="background:#82ae28;"| |style="background:#82AE28;"|
|
|Movimiento por el Agua y la Vida
|Movement for Water and Life
|]
|''Movimiento por el Agua y la Vida''
|Isabel Cristina Zuleta
|
|] to ]
|]
|- |-
| style="background:#068d3e;"| |style="background:#068D3E;"|
|
|Movimiento de Integración Democrática
|Democratic Integration Movement
|]
|''Movimiento de Integración Democrática''
|
|]
|Rafael David Cuello |Rafael David Cuello
|- |-
| style="background:#038847;"| |style="background:Red;"|
|
|]
|] |]
|''Marcha Patriótica''
|Laudelino Bernier
|]
|]
|Margarette Macaulay
|}

==Electoral history==
===Presidential elections===
{|class="wikitable"
|- |-
!rowspan=2|Election year
| style="background:#ED151F;"|
!rowspan=2|Candidate
|]
!rowspan=2|Running mate
|]
!colspan=2|First round
|Martha Peralta Epieyú
!colspan=2|Second round
!rowspan=2|Result
!rowspan=2|Source(s)
|- |-
!Votes
| style="background:#038847;"|
!%
|Alianza Democrática Amplia
!Votes
|]
!%
|Paulino Riascos
|-
!]
|] (])
|] (])
|8,541,647
|40.34
|11,281,013
|50.44
|Elected {{Y}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=La diferencia entre el preconteo y el escrutinio municipal en la primera vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 fue de tan solo el 0,1 %|url=https://www.registraduria.gov.co/La-diferencia-entre-el-preconteo-y-el-escrutinio-municipal-en-la-primera-vuelta.html|publisher=National Register of Colombia|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607002815/https://www.registraduria.gov.co/La-diferencia-entre-el-preconteo-y-el-escrutinio-municipal-en-la-primera-vuelta.html|archive-date=7 June 2022|language=Spanish|date=1 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="resultados"/>
|} |}

===Legislative elections===
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"|Election Year
!colspan="3"|House of Representatives
!colspan="3"|Senate
|-
!Votes
!Percentage
!Seats
!Votes
!Percentage
!Seats
|-
|]
|2,922,409
|17,62 (#2)
|{{Composition bar|27|188|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
|2,880,254
|16,95 (#1)
|{{Composition bar|20|108|{{party color|Historic Pact for Colombia}}}}
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


==References== ==References==
Line 145: Line 322:
{{Colombian political parties}} {{Colombian political parties}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

] ]
]
] ]
]
]
] ]
] ]
]

]

{{Colombia-party-stub}} {{Colombia-party-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:22, 4 December 2024

Colombian political alliance

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Historic Pact for Colombia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
‹ The template Infobox political party is being considered for merging. ›
Historic Pact for Colombia Pacto Histórico por Colombia
Founded11 February 2021
Ideology
Political position
SloganColombia can!
Chamber of Representatives28 / 188
Senate20 / 108
Governors1 / 32
Mayors70 / 1,102
Website
pactohistorico.com

The Historic Pact for Colombia (Spanish: Pacto Histórico por Colombia, PHxC) is a political and electoral coalition in Colombia composed of political parties and social movements with ideologies ranging from the centre-left, left-wing, and far-left. It is the current Government Coalition in Colombia after the 2022 presidential elections.

This was launched on 11 February 2021 through a press conference where political leaders of the country participated, including Gustavo Petro, Alexander López, Iván Cepeda, María José Pizarro, Roy Barreras, Clara López, Aída Avella, Armando Benedetti, Jorge Rojas Rodríguez, Iván Guarín, and Martha Peralta. In September 2021 Agmeth Escaf, Luis Fernando Velasco, and Piedad Córdoba were added to the coalition. The coalition's presidential nominee, Gustavo Petro, advanced to the second round and defeated Rodolfo Hernández Suárez.

Mission

Composition

Parties

Logo Name Ideology Position Leader
English Spanish
Humane Colombia Colombia Humana Social democracy Left-wing Gustavo Petro
We Are All Colombia Todos Somos Colombia Social democracy Centre-left to left-wing Clara López
Civic Strength Fuerza Ciudadana Social democracy Left-wing Carlos Caicedo Omar
Alternative Democratic Pole Polo Democrático Alternativo Social democracy Left-wing Alexander López Maya
Patriotic Union Unión Patriótica Democratic socialism Left-wing Aída Avella
Colombian Communist Party Partido Comunista Colombiano Marxism–Leninism Left-wing to far-left Jaime Caycedo Turriago
Commons Comunes Marxism–Leninism Far-left Rodrigo Londoño
Labour Party of Colombia Partido del Trabajo de Colombia Maoism Left-wing Yezid García Abello
Indigenous Authorities of Colombia Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia Indigenismo Centre-left to left-wing Laudelino Bernier
Alternative Indigenous and Social Movement Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social Indigenismo Centre-left to left-wing Martha Peralta Epieyú
Broad Democratic Alliance Alianza Democrática Amplia Social democracy Centre-left Paulino Riascos
Democratic Hope Esperanza Democrática Social democracy Left-wing Bernardo Gutiérrez
The Force of Peace La Fuerza de la Paz Social democracy Centre-left Roy Barreras
Independents Independientes Social democracy Left-wing Daniel Quintero
I Am Because We Are Soy Porque Somos Social democracy Left-wing Dorina Hernández

Movements

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2024)
Logo Name Ideology Position Leader
English Spanish
Civic Power Poder Ciudadano Democratic socialism Left-wing Piedad Córdoba
Movement for the Defense of the People's Rights Movimiento por la Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo Democratic socialism Left-wing None (Central Committee)
Peoples' Congress Congreso de los Pueblos Left-wing nationalism Left-wing Collective leadership
Free Citizenships Ciudadanías Libres Centre-left Jorge Rojas Rodríguez
Democratic Unity Unidad Democrática Eco-socialism Left-wing Luis Carlos Avellaneda Tarazona
Movement for the Popular Constituent Assembly Movimiento por la Constituyente Popular Left-wing Yafeth Ramos
Movement for Water and Life Movimiento por el Agua y la Vida Centre-left to left-wing Isabel Zuleta
Democratic Integration Movement Movimiento de Integración Democrática Centre-left Rafael David Cuello
Patriotic March Marcha Patriótica Bolivarianism Left-wing Margarette Macaulay

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election year Candidate Running mate First round Second round Result Source(s)
Votes % Votes %
2022 Gustavo Petro (CH) Francia Márquez (PDA) 8,541,647 40.34 11,281,013 50.44 Elected Green tickY

Legislative elections

Election Year House of Representatives Senate
Votes Percentage Seats Votes Percentage Seats
2022 2,922,409 17,62 (#2) 27 / 188 2,880,254 16,95 (#1) 20 / 108

Notes

  1. This refers to the Colombian political party, not independent politicians.

References

  1. "El opositor Pacto Histórico lanza su campaña electoral en Colombia". Efe (in Spanish). 20 January 2022.
  2. "Leftists Are Ascendant in Latin America as Key Elections Loom". The New York Times. 4 January 2022.
  3. Chetwynd, Gareth (11 May 2022). "Petro closing in on historic victory as Colombian oil industry is asked to take a bow | Upstream Online". Upstream Online. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  4. "Colombia: Pacto Histórico contra el neoliberalismo". En Redacción. 11 March 2022.
  5. "Petro arrasa y será el candidato presidencial del Pacto Histórico". Efe (in Spanish). 13 March 2022.
  6. "Colombia's Left Finds Its Footing". Foreign Policy. 18 March 2022.
  7. Prashad, Vijay (1 March 2022). "Could Colombia have a left-wing government?". Guardian (Sydney) (2000): 10.
  8. "La estrategia del Pacto Histórico". El Espectador (in Spanish). 2 May 2022.
  9. "Pacto Histórico por Colombia: quienes lo conforman y últimas incorporaciones". Colombia As (in Spanish). 24 September 2021.
  10. "Petro arrasa y será el candidato presidencial del Pacto Histórico". Efe (in Spanish). 13 March 2022.
  11. Prashad, Vijay (1 March 2022). "Could Colombia have a left-wing government?". Guardian (Sydney) (2000): 10.
  12. "Pacto Histórico por Colombia: quiénes lo conforman y últimas incorporaciones". AS Colombia (in Spanish). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  13. "La diferencia entre el preconteo y el escrutinio municipal en la primera vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 fue de tan solo el 0,1 %" (in Spanish). National Registry of Colombia. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  14. ^ "PRESIDENTE | Elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República 2022" (in Spanish). National Register of Colombia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  15. "La diferencia entre el preconteo y el escrutinio municipal en la primera vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 fue de tan solo el 0,1 %" (in Spanish). National Register of Colombia. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
Political parties in Colombia Colombia
Chamber of
Representatives
Senate
Historical
Stub icon 1 Stub icon 2

This article about a Colombian political party is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

Categories: