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| {{Infobox deity | |||
| {{Short description|Sanskrit term for charioteer}} | |||
| | type = Hinduism | |||
| '''Sarathi''' ({{Langx|sa|सारथि|lit=charioteer|translit=Sārathi}}, also anglicised as '''Sarathy''') is an ] of the Hindu deity ] used in the epic '']''.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnpTDwAAQBAJ | isbn=9781948230421 | title=The Spirit of the Unborn | date=28 March 2018 | publisher=Notion Press }}</ref> It is also a common personal name in ]. | |||
| | name = Sarathy | |||
| | image = Krishna as Chariot Driver.jpg | |||
| | caption = Krishna as ''Parthasarathy'' (Charioteer of Arjuna) | |||
| | affiliation = Vaishnavism | |||
| | symbol = Chariot | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Sarathy''' (also spelled '''Sarathi''', both from ] {{transl|sa|saratha}}, "one with a ]" or "]eer") is an ] of ] (an ] of ]) in the '']'', a major ] ].<ref>https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Spirit_of_the_Unborn/hnpTDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0</ref> It is also a common name in ]. | |||
| In the ''Mahabharata'', Krishna initially counselled peace to the ]s and ]s, two closely related families that chose to fight over the Kuru kingdom in northern India. Eventually siding with the Pandavas, he offered his services as |
In the ''Mahabharata'', Krishna initially counselled peace to the ]s and ]s, two closely related families that chose to fight over the ] kingdom in northern India. Eventually siding with the Pandavas, he offered his services as a charioteer to ], the Pandavas' greatest archer. Krishna is thus accorded the title {{IAST|Pārthasārathī}}, which translates to "charioteer of Partha" (another name for Arjuna), or {{IAST|Sanātana Sārathi}} "eternal charioteer". The '']'', considered by many traditions to be Hinduism's most important religious text, consists of a dialogue between Krishna, the charioteer, and Arjuna just before the actual battle begins, where Krishna instructs Arjuna in the principle of ] in response to his hesitation to fighting against his own relatives.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Debroy |first1=Bibek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ClIAeo0HjS4C |title=The Bhagavad Gita |last2=Books |first2=Penguin |date=December 2005 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-400068-5 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Krishna is also known as '']'', which translates to the ''charioteer of Partha'' (another name for Arjuna), or ], ''eternal charioteer''. | |||
| == Symbolism == | == Symbolism == | ||
| ⚫ | In Hinduism, as aligned with Plato's philosophy, the dynamic interaction of persons, horses, and parts are "yoked," "reined," and "bound" together, serving as an allegory for the ] or "self", and its relationship to the senses and the body.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |date=1984 |title=The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062344 |journal=History of Religions |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1086/462971 |jstor=1062344 |s2cid=162378274 |issn=0018-2710}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | In Hinduism, as aligned with Plato's philosophy, the dynamic interaction of persons, horses, and parts are "yoked," "reined," and "bound" together, serving as an allegory for the ] or "self", and its relationship to the senses and the body.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |date=1984 |title=The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062344 |journal=History of Religions |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |issn=0018-2710}}</ref> |
||
| {{Blockquote|text="Know the Self as the lord of the chariot (atmanam rathinam viddhi) and the body as, verily, the chariot, know the intellect as the charioteer (buddhim tu saradhim viddhi) and the mind (manas) as, verily, the reins. The senses, they say, are the horses.... He who has understanding for the driver of the chariot (vinyanasarathir) and controls the rein of his mind, he reaches the end of the journey, the supreme abode of the all-pervading."|source=Katha Upanisad, 1.3.3-4}} | {{Blockquote|text="Know the Self as the lord of the chariot (atmanam rathinam viddhi) and the body as, verily, the chariot, know the intellect as the charioteer (buddhim tu saradhim viddhi) and the mind (manas) as, verily, the reins. The senses, they say, are the horses.... He who has understanding for the driver of the chariot (vinyanasarathir) and controls the rein of his mind, he reaches the end of the journey, the supreme abode of the all-pervading."|source=Katha Upanisad, 1.3.3-4}} | ||
| In the ] of the ''Mahabharata'', ] explains the concept of ] to his grieving brother ] by offering the metaphor of a chariot and a charioteer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |date=1984 |title=The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062344 |journal=History of Religions |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |issn=0018-2710}}</ref> | In the ] of the ''Mahabharata'', ] explains the concept of ] to his grieving brother ] by offering the metaphor of a chariot and a charioteer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |date=1984 |title=The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062344 |journal=History of Religions |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1086/462971 |jstor=1062344 |s2cid=162378274 |issn=0018-2710}}</ref> | ||
| {{Blockquote|text=The body of creatures is a chariot; sattva they call the charioteer; the senses, they call horses; the mental organ of action (karmabuddhi) is the reins. Whoever follows after the rush of those running steeds, he turns about like a wheel in the cycle of samsara. Whoever restrains them with understanding (buddhi), that restrainer/charioteer (yantr) does not return. This chariot, by which the unwise are bewildered, must be controlled ....Restraint, renunciation, and vigilance (damastyago pramadasca), these three are the horses of Brahman. Whoever is firm in this spiritual chariot (manase rathi), and yoked (to those steeds) with the reins of morality, having renounced the fear of death, O king, he attains to the world of Brahman.|author=Veda Vyasa|title=Stri Parva, Mahabharata|source=(11.4.1, 5.1)}} | {{Blockquote|text=The body of creatures is a chariot; sattva they call the charioteer; the senses, they call horses; the mental organ of action (karmabuddhi) is the reins. Whoever follows after the rush of those running steeds, he turns about like a wheel in the cycle of samsara. Whoever restrains them with understanding (buddhi), that restrainer/charioteer (yantr) does not return. This chariot, by which the unwise are bewildered, must be controlled ....Restraint, renunciation, and vigilance (damastyago pramadasca), these three are the horses of Brahman. Whoever is firm in this spiritual chariot (manase rathi), and yoked (to those steeds) with the reins of morality, having renounced the fear of death, O king, he attains to the world of Brahman.|author=Veda Vyasa|title=Stri Parva, Mahabharata|source=(11.4.1, 5.1)}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:34, 7 November 2024
Sarathi (Sanskrit: सारथि, romanized: Sārathi, lit. 'charioteer', also anglicised as Sarathy) is an epithet of the Hindu deity Krishna used in the epic Mahabharata. It is also a common personal name in South India.
In the Mahabharata, Krishna initially counselled peace to the Pandavas and Kauravas, two closely related families that chose to fight over the Kuru kingdom in northern India. Eventually siding with the Pandavas, he offered his services as a charioteer to Arjuna, the Pandavas' greatest archer. Krishna is thus accorded the title Pārthasārathī, which translates to "charioteer of Partha" (another name for Arjuna), or Sanātana Sārathi "eternal charioteer". The Bhagavad Gita, considered by many traditions to be Hinduism's most important religious text, consists of a dialogue between Krishna, the charioteer, and Arjuna just before the actual battle begins, where Krishna instructs Arjuna in the principle of dharma in response to his hesitation to fighting against his own relatives.
Symbolism
In Hinduism, as aligned with Plato's philosophy, the dynamic interaction of persons, horses, and parts are "yoked," "reined," and "bound" together, serving as an allegory for the atman or "self", and its relationship to the senses and the body.
"Know the Self as the lord of the chariot (atmanam rathinam viddhi) and the body as, verily, the chariot, know the intellect as the charioteer (buddhim tu saradhim viddhi) and the mind (manas) as, verily, the reins. The senses, they say, are the horses.... He who has understanding for the driver of the chariot (vinyanasarathir) and controls the rein of his mind, he reaches the end of the journey, the supreme abode of the all-pervading."
— Katha Upanisad, 1.3.3-4
In the Stri Parva of the Mahabharata, Vidura explains the concept of samsara to his grieving brother Dhritarashtra by offering the metaphor of a chariot and a charioteer.
The body of creatures is a chariot; sattva they call the charioteer; the senses, they call horses; the mental organ of action (karmabuddhi) is the reins. Whoever follows after the rush of those running steeds, he turns about like a wheel in the cycle of samsara. Whoever restrains them with understanding (buddhi), that restrainer/charioteer (yantr) does not return. This chariot, by which the unwise are bewildered, must be controlled ....Restraint, renunciation, and vigilance (damastyago pramadasca), these three are the horses of Brahman. Whoever is firm in this spiritual chariot (manase rathi), and yoked (to those steeds) with the reins of morality, having renounced the fear of death, O king, he attains to the world of Brahman.
— Veda Vyasa, Stri Parva, Mahabharata, (11.4.1, 5.1)
References
- The Spirit of the Unborn. Notion Press. 28 March 2018. ISBN 9781948230421.
- Debroy, Bibek; Books, Penguin (December 2005). The Bhagavad Gita. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-400068-5.
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (1984). "The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology". History of Religions. 24 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/462971. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 1062344. S2CID 162378274.
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (1984). "The Two Kṛṣṇas on One Chariot: Upaniṣadic Imagery and Epic Mythology". History of Religions. 24 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/462971. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 1062344. S2CID 162378274.