| Revision as of 03:06, 25 August 2022 editComplexRational (talk | contribs)Administrators29,590 edits Reverted 1 edit by 212.34.22.125 (talk): Restore references sectionTags: Twinkle Undo← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 10:35, 19 December 2024 edit undoRich Farmbrough (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers, Template editors1,725,269 edits Copyedit. Update tag. Add tag. | ||
| (27 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|System for holding debates and discussions}} | {{Short description|System for holding debates and discussions}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} | |||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| Under the '''Chatham House Rule''', anyone who comes to a meeting is free to use information from the discussion, but is not allowed to reveal who made any particular comment. It is designed to increase openness of discussion. The rule is a system for holding debates and discussion panels on controversial topics, named after the headquarters of the |
Under the '''Chatham House Rule''', anyone who comes to a meeting is free to use information from the discussion, but is not allowed to reveal who made any particular comment. It is designed to increase openness of discussion. The rule is a system for holding debates and discussion panels on controversial topics, named after the London headquarters of the ], where the rule originated in June 1927. | ||
| ==The rule== | ==The rule== | ||
| The rule was created in 1927 and refined in 1992. |
The rule was created in 1927 and refined in 1992. Since its most recent refinement in 2002, the rule states:<ref name="rule">{{cite web |url=http://www.chathamhouse.org/about/chatham-house-rule/ |title=Chatham House Rule |publisher=Chatham House |location=London |access-date=2014-07-14 |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310181155/https://www.chathamhouse.org/about/chatham-house-rule |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | {{quote|When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.}} |
||
| ⚫ | {{quote|When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.}} | ||
| ⚫ | ==Purpose== | ||
| The rule is designed to promote openness of discussion of ] and current affairs, as it allows people to express and discuss controversial opinions and arguments without suffering the risk of stalling their career or even dismissal from their job, and with a clear separation from the opinion and the view of their employer. | |||
| Although sometimes referred to as ''Chatham House Rules'',<ref name="MW01">{{cite news |last=Fletcher |first=Laurence |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/ecb-error-spurs-questions-about-policy-disclosures-2015-05-25-17485932 |title=ECB error spurs questions about policy disclosures |work=MarketWatch |date=2015-05-25 |access-date=2015-05-26 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625184929/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ecb-error-spurs-questions-about-policy-disclosures-2015-05-25-17485932 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chatham House states that the singular should be used as there is only one rule.<ref name="rule" /> | |||
| The rule allows people to speak as individuals and to express views that may not be those of their organisations, and therefore encourages free discussion. Speakers are free to voice their own opinions, and to contest the opinions of other participants, without concern for their personal reputation or their official duties and affiliations. The Chatham House Rule resolves a boundary problem faced by many ], in that it permits acknowledgement of the community or conversation, while protecting the freedom of interaction that is necessary for the community to carry out its conversations. It is designed to reduce the risk of what has come to be described as ], where unpopular views are excluded from discussion, reducing the range of opinions an organisation can discuss. | |||
| ⚫ | ==Purpose== | ||
| The aim of the rule is to guarantee anonymity to those speaking within its walls so that better ] may be achieved. The rule is now used internationally as an aid to free discussion.<ref>{{Cite web | location = ] | author-link = Jukka Rislakki | first = Jukka | last = Rislakki | title = Informaatiouhat mietityttävät sekä virolaisia että suomalaisia | publisher = ] | date = February 24, 2011 | language = Finnish | url = http://suomenkuvalehti.fi/blogit/eri-mielta/verkossa-sk82011 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110227111229/http://suomenkuvalehti.fi/blogit/eri-mielta/verkossa-sk82011 | archivedate = February 27, 2011 }}</ref> The original rule of 1927 was refined in October 1992 and again in 2002.<ref name=rule /> Chatham House has translated the rule into ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{Citation | publisher = Chatham House | url = http://www.chathamhouse.org/about/chatham-house-rule/chatham-house-rule-translations | work = About us | title = Chatham House Rule Translations}}.</ref> | |||
| The rule aims to foster open dialogue on ] and current affairs. It enables individuals to express and debate controversial opinions without risking their professional standing and establishes a clear distinction between personal views and those of their employer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatham House Rule |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/about-us/chatham-house-rule |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=]}}</ref> | |||
| The original rule of 1927 was refined in October 1992 and again in 2002.<ref name="rule" /> Chatham House has translated the rule into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.<ref name="rule" /> | |||
| The rule is a contrast (or a compromise) between private meetings, where revealing what was said in the meeting is forbidden, and '']'' events where the discussion is completely public and attributed. | |||
| ==Use== | |||
| Generally, the Chatham House Rule is imposed as a condition of being allowed to attend a meeting or event: all participants are understood to have agreed that it would be conducive to free discussion that they should be subject to the rule for the relevant part of the meeting. The success of the rule may depend upon it being considered morally binding, particularly in circumstances where a failure to comply with the rule may not result in sanction. | |||
| ⚫ | ===European Central Bank=== | ||
| ⚫ | The ] (ECB) sometimes adopts the Chatham House Rule. In May 2015, release of a speech, which adhered to the rule, by ECB board member ] caused divided opinion as to its use and his self-publication. The ] affected currency, and stock and bond markets.<ref name="FT_2015-05-20">{{cite news|title=Benoît Cœuré speech highlights central bank links to financiers |last1=Jones |first1=Claire |last2=Fleming |first2=Sam |work=Financial Times |date=2015-05-20 |access-date=2016-02-11 |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f48123e2-ff02-11e4-8dd4-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707225427/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f48123e2-ff02-11e4-8dd4-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=2015-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg_2015-05-19">{{cite news |title=Hedge Fund Diners Get ECB's Market-Moving News Hours Early |last1=Black |first1=Jeff |last2=Worrachate |first2=Anchalee |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |date=2015-05-19 |access-date=2016-02-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-19/ecb-serves-hedge-fund-diners-qe-treat-most-investors-didn-t-know |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816075211/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-19/ecb-serves-hedge-fund-diners-qe-treat-most-investors-didn-t-know |archive-date=2015-08-16 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph_2015-05-28">{{cite news |title=ECB told off by ombudsman for fumbling market moving speech |last=Spence |first=Peter |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=28 May 2015 |access-date=2016-02-11 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11636422/ECB-told-off-by-ombudsman-for-fumbling-market-moving-speech.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201130922/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11636422/ECB-told-off-by-ombudsman-for-fumbling-market-moving-speech.html |archive-date=2015-12-01 |url-status=dead<!--live version is paywalled-->}}</ref> Thereafter, ECB invocations of the rule for a question-and-answer session and opening remarks for Cœuré, respectively, by Vice President ] and fellow board member ], gained attention. An ] member Boštjan Jazbec also had, the same month, convened questions-and-answers, under the rule.<ref name="MW01" /> | ||
| ===Bilderberg Group=== | |||
| ⚫ | ==European Central Bank |
||
| The ] uses the Chatham House Rule for its annual conferences, which feature between 120 and 150 prominent politicians, ], ], ], and journalists invited by the group's ].<ref name="Gilchrist 2023">{{cite web | last=Gilchrist | first=Karen | title=A secretive annual meeting attended by the world's elite has A.I. top of the agenda | website=CNBC | date=2023-05-18 | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/18/bilderberg-openai-microsoft-google-join-ai-talks-at-secretive-meeting.html | access-date=2023-05-23 | archive-date=23 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523124151/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/18/bilderberg-openai-microsoft-google-join-ai-talks-at-secretive-meeting.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The New York Times 2019">{{cite web | title=Secretive Bilderberg Meeting Draws Pompeo and Kushner | website=The New York Times | date=2019-05-31 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/31/world/pompeo-bilderberg-meeting.html | access-date=2023-05-23 | archive-date=26 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526220930/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/31/world/pompeo-bilderberg-meeting.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The practice has been criticized by some commentators, who view the conferences as a means for policymakers to make decisions without public accountability.<ref name="Skelton 2023">{{cite web | last=Skelton | first=Charlie | title=At Bilderberg's bigwig bash two things are guaranteed: Kissinger and secrecy | website=the Guardian | date=2023-05-20 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger | access-date=2023-05-23 | archive-date=23 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523113156/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Wire 2022">{{cite web | title=The Secretive Bilderberg Group Is a Key to Understanding the Global Power Elite | website=The Wire | date=2022-06-18 | url=https://thewire.in/macro/the-secretive-bilderberg-group-is-a-key-to-the-global-power-elite | access-date=2023-05-23 | archive-date=15 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715160235/https://thewire.in/macro/the-secretive-bilderberg-group-is-a-key-to-the-global-power-elite | url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The ] (ECB) sometimes adopts the Chatham House Rule. In May 2015, release of a speech, which adhered to the rule, by ECB board member ] caused divided opinion as to its use and his self-publication. The ] affected currency, and stock and bond markets.<ref name="FT_2015-05-20">{{ |
||
| == |
===Other groups=== | ||
| * ] | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ⚫ | * '']'' | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Use British English|date=December 2024}} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = https://www.chathamhouse.org/chatham-house-rule |publisher = Chatham House | location=UK | title = Chatham House Rule |accessdate=2014-06-11 }} With explanation and link to translations in different languages. | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:35, 19 December 2024
System for holding debates and discussions
.jpg)
Under the Chatham House Rule, anyone who comes to a meeting is free to use information from the discussion, but is not allowed to reveal who made any particular comment. It is designed to increase openness of discussion. The rule is a system for holding debates and discussion panels on controversial topics, named after the London headquarters of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, where the rule originated in June 1927.
The rule
The rule was created in 1927 and refined in 1992. Since its most recent refinement in 2002, the rule states:
When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.
Although sometimes referred to as Chatham House Rules, Chatham House states that the singular should be used as there is only one rule.
Purpose
The rule aims to foster open dialogue on public policy and current affairs. It enables individuals to express and debate controversial opinions without risking their professional standing and establishes a clear distinction between personal views and those of their employer.
The original rule of 1927 was refined in October 1992 and again in 2002. Chatham House has translated the rule into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.
Use
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) sometimes adopts the Chatham House Rule. In May 2015, release of a speech, which adhered to the rule, by ECB board member Benoît Cœuré caused divided opinion as to its use and his self-publication. The Cœuré speech affected currency, and stock and bond markets. Thereafter, ECB invocations of the rule for a question-and-answer session and opening remarks for Cœuré, respectively, by Vice President Vítor Constâncio and fellow board member Peter Praet, gained attention. An ECB governing council member Boštjan Jazbec also had, the same month, convened questions-and-answers, under the rule.
Bilderberg Group
The Bilderberg Group uses the Chatham House Rule for its annual conferences, which feature between 120 and 150 prominent politicians, CEOs, national security experts, academics, and journalists invited by the group's steering committee. The practice has been criticized by some commentators, who view the conferences as a means for policymakers to make decisions without public accountability.
Other groups
See also
References
- ^ "Chatham House Rule". London: Chatham House. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- ^ Fletcher, Laurence (25 May 2015). "ECB error spurs questions about policy disclosures". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- "Chatham House Rule". Chatham House. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- Jones, Claire; Fleming, Sam (20 May 2015). "Benoît Cœuré speech highlights central bank links to financiers". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- Black, Jeff; Worrachate, Anchalee (19 May 2015). "Hedge Fund Diners Get ECB's Market-Moving News Hours Early". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- Spence, Peter (28 May 2015). "ECB told off by ombudsman for fumbling market moving speech". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 December 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- Gilchrist, Karen (18 May 2023). "A secretive annual meeting attended by the world's elite has A.I. top of the agenda". CNBC. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- "Secretive Bilderberg Meeting Draws Pompeo and Kushner". The New York Times. 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- Skelton, Charlie (20 May 2023). "At Bilderberg's bigwig bash two things are guaranteed: Kissinger and secrecy". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- "The Secretive Bilderberg Group Is a Key to Understanding the Global Power Elite". The Wire. 18 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.