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{{Primary sources|date=July 2021}}

{{Short description|American conservative think tank}} {{Short description|American conservative think tank}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use American English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox organization {{Infobox organization
| name = Manhattan Institute for<br>Policy Research | formerly = International Center for Economic Policy Studies
| logo = Manhattan Institute logo (2024-present).svg
| formerly = International Center for Economic Policy Studies
| logo = Manhattan Institute logo.svg | logo_size = 225px
⚫ | name = Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
| logo_size = 200px
| formation = {{start date and age|1978}}<ref name="Stahl" /> | formation = {{start date and age|1978}}<ref name="Stahl" />
| founder= ] and ] | founder = ]<br />]
| type = ] ] | type = ] ] ]
⚫ | headquarters = 52 ]<br />], ] 10017<br />U.S.
| motto = Turning Intellect into Influence
⚫ | location =
⚫ | headquarters = 52 ]<br>], ] 10017<br>U.S.
⚫ | budget = Revenue: $16,694,868<br />Expenses: $15,701,907<br />(])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/132912529_202109_990_2022080220263259.pdf | title=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Inc | website=IRS | access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref>
⚫ | location =
⚫ | budget_year =
⚫ | budget = Revenue: $17,408,881<br>Expenses: $15,638,756<br>(])<ref>{{cite web | url=http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/132/132912529/132912529_201509_990.pdf | title=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Inc | website=Foundation Center | access-date=27 February 2017}}</ref>
⚫ | leader_title = President
⚫ | budget_year =
⚫ | leader_name = ]<ref>{{citation |url=https://nypost.com/2019/02/19/reihan-salam-poised-to-bring-manhattan-institute-to-new-highs/ |date=19 February 2019 |website= New York Post |title=Reihan Salam Poised to Bring Manhattan Institute to New Highs}}</ref>
⚫ | leader_title = President
| leader_title2 = Chairman
⚫ | leader_name = ]<ref>{{citation |url=https://nypost.com/2019/02/19/reihan-salam-poised-to-bring-manhattan-institute-to-new-highs/ |date=19 February 2019 |website= New York Post |title=Reihan Salam Poised to Bring Manhattan Institute to New Highs}}</ref>
| leader_name2 = ]
| website = {{URL|manhattan-institute.org}}
| website = {{URL|https://manhattan.institute/}}
}} }}
{{Conservatism US|think tanks}}
The '''Manhattan Institute for Policy Research''' (renamed in 1981 from the '''International Center for Economic Policy Studies''') is a ] American ] focused on ] and ], established in ] in 1978 by ] and ].<ref name="Tyrrell">R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010), p. 187.</ref><ref name="Stahl">Jason Stahl, ''Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945'' (2016), p. 112.</ref> The institute has produced books, articles, interviews, speeches, ]s, and the quarterly publication '']''.
The '''Manhattan Institute for Policy Research''' (renamed in 1981 from the '''International Center for Economic Policy Studies''') is an American ] ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Manhattan Institute For Policy Research Inc {{!}} Designated as a 501(c)(3) |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/132912529 |website=projects.propublica.org |publisher=] |access-date=31 October 2024}}</ref> ] ] focused on ] and ].<ref name="Tyrrell">R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010), p. 187.</ref><ref name="Stahl">Jason Stahl, ''Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945'' (2016), p. 112.</ref> The institute's focus covers a wide variety of issues including healthcare, higher education, public housing, prisoner reentry, and policing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeniji |first=Ade |date=2015-06-01 |title=Why Wall Streeters Love The Manhattan Institute |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/economic-policy-research/2015/6/1/why-wall-streeters-love-the-manhattan-institute.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Inside Philanthropy |language=en-US}}</ref> It was established in ] in 1978 by ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pace |first=Eric |date=1987-05-07 |title=WILLIAM CASEY, EX-C.I.A. HEAD, IS DEAD AT 74 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/07/obituaries/william-casey-ex-cia-head-is-dead-at-74.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The institute produces materials including books, articles, interviews, speeches, ]s, policy research, and the quarterly publication '']''. It is a key think tank and ranked in the ] published by the ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Ryan |title=Research Guides: Think Tanks: Finding Think Tanks |url=https://guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu/thinktanks/findingthinktanks |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu |language=en}}</ref> Its current president is ], who has led the organization since being appointed in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-20 |title=A Great Day for Conservatism, and New York City |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/a-great-day-for-conservatism-and-new-york-city/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref>


==History == ==History==
===Foundational years (1978–1980)=== ===Foundational years (1978–1980)===
The International Center for Economic Policy Studies (ICEPS) was founded by Antony Fisher and William J. Casey in 1978.<ref name="Tyrrell">R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010), p. 187.</ref><ref name="Stahl">Jason Stahl, ''Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945'' (2016), p. 112.</ref> ICEPS changed its name to the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in 1981. The institute's first president was ], who was succeeded in 1980 by ], who served until 1995. In 1980, the institute (then ICEPS) began publishing its ''Manhattan Report on Economic Policy'', a monthly periodical featuring briefs by leading market economists and analysts. David Asman was the first editor of the reports and continued the post until 1982.<ref name="Riley">{{cite book|last1=Riley|first1=Sam G.|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists|date=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313291920|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_x5v0}}</ref> The International Center for Economic Policy Studies (ICEPS) was founded by Antony Fisher and William J. Casey in 1978.<ref name="Tyrrell"/><ref name="Stahl"/> ICEPS changed its name to the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in 1981. The institute's first president was ], who was succeeded in 1980 by ], who served until 1995. In 1980, the institute (then ICEPS) began publishing its ''Manhattan Report on Economic Policy'', a monthly periodical containing briefs by market economists and analysts. David Asman was the first editor of the reports and continued the post until 1982.<ref name="Riley">{{cite book|last1=Riley|first1=Sam G.|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists|date=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313291920|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_x5v0}}</ref>


===Reagan-era activity (1981–1989)=== ===Reagan-era activity (1981–1989)===
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|url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E7D8123BF932A35751C0A967948260 |url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E7D8123BF932A35751C0A967948260
|date = February 1, 1981 |date = February 1, 1981
}}</ref> The book was a '']'' bestseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hawes.com/1981/1981-04-12.pdf|title=Adult New York Times Best Seller List for April 12, 1981}}</ref> and eventually sold over a million copies.{{sfn|Faludi|1991|p=289}} }}</ref> The book was a '']'' bestseller<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawes.com/1981/1981-04-12.pdf|title=Adult New York Times Best Seller List for April 12, 1981}}</ref> and eventually sold over a million copies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Faludi |first=Susan |title=Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women |url=https://archive.org/details/backlashundeclar00falu |url-access=registration |year=1991 |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-517-57698-4 |oclc=23016353 |page=289}}</ref>


Other books on supply-side economics published during this era include ''The Economy in Mind'' (1982), by Warren Brookes, and ''The Supply-Side Solution'' (1983), edited by ] and Bruce Bartlett.<ref>Timothy Roth and Bruce Bartlett, eds., ''The Supply-Side Solution'' (1983), p. 1.</ref> The institute sponsored a documentary film, "Good Intentions", in 1983 based on the book, ''The State Against Blacks'' by ]. The film debuted on New York area public TV station ] on June 27, and presented Williams's thesis that government policies have done more to impede than to encourage black economic progress.{{Fact|date=August 2022}} Other books on supply-side economics published during this era include ''The Economy in Mind'' (1982), by Warren Brookes, and ''The Supply-Side Solution'' (1983), edited by ] and Bruce Bartlett.<ref>Timothy Roth and Bruce Bartlett, eds., ''The Supply-Side Solution'' (1983), p. 1.</ref> The institute sponsored a documentary film, "Good Intentions", in 1983 based on the book, ''The State Against Blacks'' by ]. The film debuted on New York area public TV station ] on June 27, and presented Williams's thesis that government policies have done more to impede than to encourage black economic progress.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}


In 1982, the institute paid ] to write '']'', published in 1984.<ref name="Stahl"/> In 1982, the institute paid ] to write '']'', published in 1984.<ref name="Stahl"/>


===The ''City Journal'' (1990–2000)=== ===Establishing ''City Journal'' and the Giuliani Mayoralty (1990–2000)===


In 1990, the institute founded its quarterly magazine, '']''. The magazine was edited by Peter Salins and then Fred Siegel in the early 1990s. '']'' editor Myron Magnet was hired by the institute as editor of the magazine in 1994, where he served until 2007. {{As of|2018}}, the magazine is edited by Brian C. Anderson. Lawrence J. Mone was named president of the institute in 1995, taking over from William H. Hammett. He joined the institute in 1982, serving as a public policy specialist, program director and vice president before being named the institute's fourth president.{{fact|date=August 2022}} In 1990, the institute founded its quarterly magazine, '']''. The magazine was edited by Peter Salins and then Fred Siegel in the early 1990s. '']'' editor Myron Magnet was hired by the institute as editor of the magazine in 1994, where he served until 2007. {{As of|2018}}, the magazine is edited by Brian C. Anderson. Lawrence J. Mone was named president of the institute in 1995, taking over from William H. Hammett. He joined the institute in 1982, serving as a public policy specialist, program director and vice president before being named the institute's fourth president.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


The institute established the Center for Education Innovation (CEI) in 1989, which focused on promoting ]s. The CEI helped create a number of small, alternative public schools in New York and advised New York Governor ] in crafting the state's charter school law in 1998, which authorized the creation of autonomous public schools. The institute thereafter continued to work with school officials to promote the idea of school choice nationwide.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute established the Center for Education Innovation (CEI) in 1989, which focused on promoting ]s, through which the institute became "a mainstay of the school choice movement". The CEI helped create a number of small, alternative public schools in New York and advised New York Governor ] in crafting the state's charter school law in 1998, which authorized the creation of autonomous public schools.<ref name="Morken">Hubert Morken, Jo Renee Formicola, ''The Politics of School Choice'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), , {{ISBN|978-0847697205}}.</ref>


Senior fellow Peter W. Huber published his first book, ''Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences'', in 1990. The book focused on ] since the 1960s, arguing that a dramatic increase in liability lawsuits had lead to numerous negative outcomes. Later on, ]'s work at the institute included ''The Litigation Explosion'', in 1992. Former senior fellow Peter W. Huber published his first book, ''Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences'', in 1990. The book focused on ] since the 1960s, arguing that a dramatic increase in liability lawsuits had led to numerous negative outcomes. Later on, ]'s work at the institute included ''The Litigation Explosion'', in 1992.


The institute had ties with the administration of New York City Mayor ], who had become a regular at Institute luncheons and lectures after his failed mayoral campaign in 1989. The Spring 1992 Issue of ''City Journal'' was devoted to "The Quality of Urban Life", and featured articles on crime, education, housing, and public spaces. The issue caught Giuliani's eye as he prepared to run for mayor again in 1993. The campaign contacted ''City Journal'' editor Fred Siegel to develop tutorial sessions for the candidate. Among the policies adopted by his administration was the "broken-windows" theory of policing, which had already begun to be adopted on some levels by leadership in the NYPD.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute had ties with the administration of New York City Mayor ], who had become a regular at Institute luncheons and lectures after his failed mayoral campaign in 1989. The Spring 1992 Issue of ''City Journal'' was devoted to "The Quality of Urban Life", and featured articles on crime, education, housing, and public spaces. The issue caught Giuliani's eye as he prepared to run for mayor again in 1993. The campaign contacted ''City Journal'' editor Fred Siegel to develop tutorial sessions for the candidate. Among the policies adopted by his administration was the "]" theory of policing, which had already begun to be adopted on some levels by leadership in the NYPD.<ref name="Newburn">Trevor Jones, Tim Newburn, ''Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice'' (2006), , {{ISBN|978-0335216697}}.</ref>


During the 2000 election, candidate George W. Bush cited Myron Magnet's, ''The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass'' (1993), as having an impact on how he conducted his approach to public policy. Bush went on to say "''The Dream and the Nightmare'' by Myron Magnet crystallized for me the impact the failed culture of the '60s had on our values and society".<ref>Joel Spring, ''Political Agendas for Education'' (2014), p. 107.</ref> During the 2000 election, candidate ] cited Myron Magnet's, ''The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass'' (1993), as having an impact on how he conducted his approach to public policy. Bush went on to say "''The Dream and the Nightmare'' by Myron Magnet crystallized for me the impact the failed culture of the '60s had on our values and society".<ref>Joel Spring, ''Political Agendas for Education'' (2014), p. 107.</ref>


=== Terrorism and social unrest (2001–2009)=== ===Terrorism and social unrest (2001–2009)===
After the ] on September 11, 2001, the institute formed the Center for Tactical Counterterrorism (CTCT), later renamed the ] (CPT). The group was created at the request of the NYPD, to provide research into new policing techniques with the goal of retraining officers to become "first preventers" to future mass-casualty attacks.{{fact|date=August 2022}} After the ] on September 11, 2001, the institute formed the Center for Tactical Counterterrorism (CTCT), later renamed the ] (CPT). The group was created at the request of the NYPD, to provide research into new policing techniques with the goal of retraining officers to become "first preventers" to future mass-casualty attacks.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


Eddy brought on board ], a West Point and Notre Dame Law School graduate, to oversee the day-to-day operations of the CTCT. The CTCT began publishing reports and white papers on intelligence fusion centers, local counterterrorism strategies, and intelligence-led policing. With help of institute staffers ] and ], the center produced briefings on terrorist attacks around the world and presented them at weekly meetings with the Counterterrorism Bureau. The institute's counterterrorism strategy also built upon Broken Windows and CompStat policing models by training police in problem-solving techniques, data analysis, and order maintenance.{{fact|date=August 2022}} Eddy brought on board ], a West Point and ] graduate, to oversee the day-to-day operations of the CTCT. The CTCT began publishing reports and white papers on intelligence fusion centers, local counterterrorism strategies, and intelligence-led policing. With help of institute staffers ] and ], the center produced briefings on terrorist attacks around the world and presented them at weekly meetings with the Counterterrorism Bureau. The institute's counterterrorism strategy also built upon ] and CompStat policing models by training police in problem-solving techniques, data analysis, and order maintenance.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


In January 2005, the CTCT cautioned against the construction of a new ] structure over the ], which would have increased the value of the tunnel as a potential terrorist target.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/new-un-tower-could-sit-atop-another-target/7906/|title=New U.N. Tower Could Sit Atop Another Target|newspaper=]}}</ref> CTCT, and later CPT, continued publishing research until 2008 when it was absorbed into National Consortium for Advanced Policing. In January 2005, the CTCT cautioned against the construction of a new ] structure over the ], which would have increased the value of the tunnel as a potential terrorist target.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/new-un-tower-could-sit-atop-another-target/7906/|title=New U.N. Tower Could Sit Atop Another Target|newspaper=]}}</ref> CTCT, and later CPT, continued publishing research until 2008 when it was absorbed into National Consortium for Advanced Policing.


===2009–present=== ===2009–present===
In 2010, Institute senior fellow ] (a former '']'' executive editor) published ''Shakedown: The Continuing Conspiracy Against the American Taxpayer''. In 2010, Institute senior fellow ] (a former '']'' executive editor) published ''Shakedown: The Continuing Conspiracy Against the American Taxpayer''.


After the ], senior fellow ] wrote her first book, ''After the Fall: Saving Capitalism from Wall Street — and Washington'' (Encounter, 2011). In the book, she argues that after over two decades of broken regulation and the federal government's adoption of a "too big to fail" policy for the largest or most complex financial companies eventually posed an untenable risk to the economy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.city-journal.org/contributor/nicole-gelinas_519 | title=Nicole Gelinas | website=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref> The institute has also worked closely with others, including ] at ]. Calomiris criticized the Dodd-Frank financial regulations passed in response to the 2007–2008 financial crisis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-doddfrank-doubles-down-on-8216too-big-to-fail8217-how-doddfrank-doubles-down-on-8216too-big-to-fail8217-1392237773|title=How Dodd-Frank Doubles Down on 'Too Big to Fail'|first1=Charles W.|last1=Calomiris|first2=Allan H.|last2=Meltzer|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=February 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424053111904857404577342680482638196|title=The Big Flaws in Dodd-Frank|first=Gene|last=Epstein|date=April 14, 2012}}</ref> After the ], senior fellow ] wrote her first book, ''After the Fall: Saving Capitalism from Wall Street — and Washington'' (Encounter, 2011). In the book, she argues that after over two decades of broken regulation and the federal government's adoption of a "too big to fail" policy for the largest or most complex financial companies eventually posed an untenable risk to the economy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.city-journal.org/contributor/nicole-gelinas_519 | title=Nicole Gelinas | website=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref> The institute has also worked closely with others, including ] at ]. Calomiris criticized the Dodd-Frank financial regulations passed in response to the 2007–2008 financial crisis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-doddfrank-doubles-down-on-8216too-big-to-fail8217-how-doddfrank-doubles-down-on-8216too-big-to-fail8217-1392237773|title=How Dodd-Frank Doubles Down on 'Too Big to Fail'|first1=Charles W.|last1=Calomiris|first2=Allan H.|last2=Meltzer|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=February 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424053111904857404577342680482638196|title=The Big Flaws in Dodd-Frank|first=Gene|last=Epstein|date=April 14, 2012}}</ref>
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Paul Howard, the institute's former director of health policy, advocated regulatory reform to allow private industry to develop medical devices and pharmaceuticals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/10/21/mpr-news-presents|title=IQ2 debate: Is "Big Pharma" to blame for rising health care costs?|publisher=MPR News|date=October 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/would-washingtons-fda-fix-cure-the-patients-or-the-drug-industry|title=Would Washington's FDA Fix Cure the Patients or the Drug Industry?|first=Alec|last=MacGillis|date=30 November 2016|publisher=ProPublica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasnetwork.org/news/article/project-fda-works-to-help-patients-by-streamlining-medical-review-process|title='Project FDA' works to help patients by streamlining medical review process|website=Atlas Network}}</ref> Paul Howard, the institute's former director of health policy, advocated regulatory reform to allow private industry to develop medical devices and pharmaceuticals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/10/21/mpr-news-presents|title=IQ2 debate: Is "Big Pharma" to blame for rising health care costs?|publisher=MPR News|date=October 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/would-washingtons-fda-fix-cure-the-patients-or-the-drug-industry|title=Would Washington's FDA Fix Cure the Patients or the Drug Industry?|first=Alec|last=MacGillis|date=30 November 2016|publisher=ProPublica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasnetwork.org/news/article/project-fda-works-to-help-patients-by-streamlining-medical-review-process|title='Project FDA' works to help patients by streamlining medical review process|website=Atlas Network}}</ref>


In 2012, Institute senior fellow ] released ''Manning Up: How the Rise of Women Has Turned Men into Boys'', arguing that too many American men in their 20s have started to prolong adolescence. ''Governing'' magazine columnist and urban-policy blogger Aaron Renn also joined the institute in 2012.{{fact|date=August 2022}} In 2012, Institute senior fellow ] released ''Manning Up: How the Rise of Women Has Turned Men into Boys'', arguing that too many American men in their 20s have started to prolong adolescence. ''Governing'' magazine columnist and urban-policy blogger Aaron Renn also joined the institute in 2012.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

In 2015, Heather Mac Donald popularized the term, the ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} (an increase in violent crime rates in a community asserted to be caused by reduced ] due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police)<ref name="NYT War"/><ref name="Vox Ferguson effect">{{Cite web|last=Lind|first=Dara|date=May 18, 2016|title=The "Ferguson effect," a theory that's warping the American crime debate, explained|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/18/11683594/ferguson-effect-crime-police|access-date=July 30, 2020|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> when she used it in a May 29, 2015, '']'' op-ed.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-new-nationwide-crime-wave-1432938425 | title=The New Nationwide Crime Wave | work=Wall Street Journal | date=May 29, 2015 | access-date=December 15, 2015 | author=Mac Donald, Heather}}</ref> The op-ed stated the rise in crime rates in some U.S. cities was due to "agitation" against police forces.<ref name="atlantic">{{cite web|author=Ford, Matt|date=November 21, 2015|title=Debunking the Ferguson Effect|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/ferguson-effect/416931/|access-date=December 15, 2015|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Mac Donald also argued "Unless the demonization of law enforcement ends, the liberating gains in urban safety will be lost", quoting a number of police officers who said police morale was at an all-time low.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32995911 | title=Why has the murder rate in some US cities suddenly spiked? | work=BBC News | date=June 5, 2015 | access-date=December 15, 2015 | author=Gold, Ashley}}</ref> The following year, Mac Donald published ''The War on Cops'', which asserted that a "new attack on law and order makes everyone less safe".<ref name="NYT War">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/books/review/the-war-on-cops-by-heather-mac-donald-and-handcuffed-by-malcolm-sparrow.html |title=The Problem With Modern Policing, as Seen From the Right and From the Left|first1=Barry|last1=Friedman|work=The New York Times|date=June 27, 2016}}</ref> In the book, Mac Donald further highlighted the Ferguson effect,<ref name="NYT War"/> and argued that claims of racial discrimination in policing are "unsupported by evidence", and are instead due to larger numbers of crimes being reported as having been committed by minorities.<ref name="NYT War"/>

In 2021, the institute initiated an annual "Celebration of Ideas" in ]. This was highlighted by '']'' in a 2023 article noting the institute's growing presence in ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/florida-republican-state-trump-desantis-2b9b588|title=Essay &#124; How Florida Became America's GOP Hot Spot|first1=Arian|last1=Campo-Flores|first2=Alex|last2=Leary|first3=Anthony|last3=DeBarros|newspaper=WSJ |date=April 1, 2023|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref> In January 2023, Institute senior fellow ], director of the organization's initiative on ],<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-inquiry/how-a-conservative-activist-invented-the-conflict-over-critical-race-theory|title=How a Conservative Activist Invented the Conflict Over Critical Race Theory|first=Benjamin|last=Wallace-Wells|magazine=The New Yorker |date=June 18, 2021|via=www.newyorker.com}}</ref> was appointed by Florida Governor ] to serve on the ] Board of Trustees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/02/christopher-rufo-manhattan-institute/673008/|title=DEI Is an Ideological Test|first=Graeme|last=Wood|date=February 10, 2023|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>


==Programs== ==Programs==
] addresses a meeting of the Manhattan Institute at ] on November 13, 2008.]] ] addresses a meeting of the Manhattan Institute at ] on November 13, 2008.]]
The institute founded its quarterly magazine on urban policy and culture called '']'' in 1990.<ref name="mai">{{cite web|title=The Manhattan Institute celebrates City Journal's 20th anniversary|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|work=Manhattan Institute|date=2014|access-date=11 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120707101303/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, it is edited by ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/about|title=About City Journal|date=2 October 2015|publisher=]}}</ref>; contributors include Heather Mac Donald, Theodore Dalrymple, Nicole Gelinas, Steven Malanga, Edward L. Glaeser, Kay Hymowitz, Victor Davis Hanson, Judith Miller, and John Tierney. The institute founded its quarterly magazine on urban policy and culture called '']'' in 1990.<ref name="mai">{{cite web|title=The Manhattan Institute celebrates City Journal's 20th anniversary|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|work=Manhattan Institute|date=2014|access-date=11 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120707101303/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, it is edited by ];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/about|title=About City Journal|date=2 October 2015|publisher=]}}</ref> contributors include Heather Mac Donald, Christopher F. Rufo, Theodore Dalrymple, Nicole Gelinas, Steven Malanga, Edward L. Glaeser, Kay Hymowitz, Victor Davis Hanson, Judith Miller, and John Tierney.


The ] was founded by the institute in 2011. ''Bloomberg'' describes it as a nationwide chapter-based association of business school students who “double down on” capitalism.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Choi|first1=Amy|title=Defying Skeptics, Some Business Schools Double Down on Capitalism|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-04/defying-skeptics-some-business-schools-double-down-on-capitalism|access-date=24 February 2015|magazine=Bloomberg Business|date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the organization had nine professional chapters, located in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], and 33 student chapters at such schools as the ], ], and the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adamsmithsociety.com/html/student-chapters-0079.html|title=Student Chapters|date=8 April 2016}}</ref> The ] was founded by the institute in 2011. ''Bloomberg'' describes it as a nationwide chapter-based association of business school students who “double down on” capitalism.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Choi|first1=Amy|title=Defying Skeptics, Some Business Schools Double Down on Capitalism|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-04/defying-skeptics-some-business-schools-double-down-on-capitalism|access-date=24 February 2015|magazine=Bloomberg Business|date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the organization had nine professional chapters, located in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], and 33 student chapters at such schools as the ], ], and the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adamsmithsociety.com/html/student-chapters-0079.html|title=Student Chapters|date=8 April 2016}}</ref>


Created in 2006, the institute's Veritas Fund for Higher Education was a ] that invested in universities and professors. The fund invested in courses related to western civilization, the American founding, and political economy.<ref name="New York Sun">{{cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Gary|title=Manhattan Institute Aims At Academia|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/manhattan-institute-aims-at-academia/44152/|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Sun|date=November 27, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Patricia|title=Conservatives Try New Tack on Campuses|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/education/22conservative.html?pagewanted=print|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 22, 2008}}</ref> Created in 2006, the institute's Veritas Fund for Higher Education was a ] that invested in universities and professors. The fund invested in courses related to western civilization, the American founding, and political economy.<ref name="New York Sun">{{cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Gary|title=Manhattan Institute Aims At Academia|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/manhattan-institute-aims-at-academia/44152/|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Sun|date=November 27, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Patricia|title=Conservatives Try New Tack on Campuses|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/education/22conservative.html?pagewanted=print|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 22, 2008}}</ref>
], Vanessa Mendoza, and Marilyn Fedak at the Adam Smith Society national meeting in New York City on February 21, 2014.]] ], Vanessa Mendoza, and Marilyn Fedak at the Adam Smith Society national meeting in New York City on February 21, 2014.]]
The institute formed its ] in 2006 to focus on ways to improve FDA regulations. Notable members of the committee include former FDA commissioner ] and former Oklahoma senator (now Institute senior fellow) ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/12/19/898651/10166132/en/Former-Senator-Tom-Coburn-Joins-Manhattan-Institute-as-Senior-Fellow.html|title=Former Senator Tom Coburn Joins Manhattan Institute as Senior Fellow|date=19 December 2016 |publisher=Manhattan Institute}}</ref> The institute formed its ] in 2006 to focus on ways to improve FDA regulations. Notable members of the committee include former FDA commissioner ] and former Oklahoma senator and Institute senior fellow ].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/12/19/898651/10166132/en/Former-Senator-Tom-Coburn-Joins-Manhattan-Institute-as-Senior-Fellow.html|title=Former Senator Tom Coburn Joins Manhattan Institute as Senior Fellow|date=19 December 2016 |publisher=Manhattan Institute}}</ref>


] (E21) joined the institute in 2013 as the organization's Washington-based research center focused on economic issues and innovative policy solutions, led by the former chief economist of the U.S. Department of Labor during the Reagan administration, ]. E21 has a partnership with the ], which was established in 2009, prior to its association with the institute. The independent group of economists meet twice a year to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economics21.org/about|title=About Us|date=5 April 2016|publisher=Economics21}}</ref> E21 partners with the ] (SOMC), an independent group of economists, first organized in 1973 by ], from the ], and ], from ], to provide a ] alternative to the views on monetary policy and its inflation effects then prevailing at the ] and within the economics profession. Its original objective was to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the ] (FOMC), but has since broadened its scope to cover a wide range of macroeconomic policy issues.{{fact|date=August 2022}} ] (E21) joined the institute in 2013 as the organization's Washington-based research center focused on economic issues and innovative policy solutions, led by the former chief economist of the U.S. Department of Labor during the Reagan administration, ]. E21 has a partnership with the ], which was established in 2009, prior to its association with the institute. The independent group of economists meet twice a year to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economics21.org/about|title=About Us|date=5 April 2016|publisher=Economics21}}</ref> E21 partners with the ] (SOMC), an independent group of economists, first organized in 1973 by ], from the ], and ], from ], to provide a ] alternative to the views on monetary policy and its inflation effects then prevailing at the ] and within the economics profession. Its original objective was to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the ] (FOMC), but has since broadened its scope to cover a wide range of macroeconomic policy issues.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


In 2015, the institute launched ], claiming that it was the only grading system that uses a rigorous, common standard to compare schools across the U.S.—accounting for differences in academic standards across states and each school's unique economic profile to provide a comprehensive picture of school performance in core subjects.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute also launched ''The Beat'' in 2015. The Beat is an email that focuses on issues that matter most to New York, drawing on the work of Manhattan Institute scholars: transportation, education, quality of life, and the local goings-on at City Hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empirestatetribune.com/est/city/darienolesen/12/01/2015/thriving-or-surviving-manhattan-institute-examines-quality-of-life-in-nyc?rq=Thriving+or+Surviving?+Manhattan+Institute+examines+quality+of+life+in+NYC|title=Thriving or Surviving? Manhattan Institute examines quality of life in NYC|first=Darien|last=Olesen|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Empire State Tribune|quote=What does the quality of life look like in New York City today? Are New Yorkers thriving or merely surviving? These are questions Manhattan Institute has been asking in its social media-geared publication, “The Beat”—a series of newsletters addressing current urban issues.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nypdnews.com/2015/11/police-commissioner-bratton-sits-on-quality-of-life-panel/|title=Police Commissioner Bratton Sits On Quality Of Life Panel|date=November 19, 2015|publisher=NYPD News}}</ref> In 2015, the institute launched ], claiming that it was the only grading system that uses a rigorous, common standard to compare schools across the U.S.—accounting for differences in academic standards across states and each school's unique economic profile to provide a comprehensive picture of school performance in core subjects.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} The institute also launched ''The Beat'' in 2015. The Beat is an email that focuses on issues that matter most to New York, drawing on the work of Manhattan Institute scholars: transportation, education, quality of life, and the local goings-on at City Hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empirestatetribune.com/est/city/darienolesen/12/01/2015/thriving-or-surviving-manhattan-institute-examines-quality-of-life-in-nyc?rq=Thriving+or+Surviving?+Manhattan+Institute+examines+quality+of+life+in+NYC|title=Thriving or Surviving? Manhattan Institute examines quality of life in NYC|first=Darien|last=Olesen|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Empire State Tribune|quote=What does the quality of life look like in New York City today? Are New Yorkers thriving or merely surviving? These are questions Manhattan Institute has been asking in its social media-geared publication, “The Beat”—a series of newsletters addressing current urban issues.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nypdnews.com/2015/11/police-commissioner-bratton-sits-on-quality-of-life-panel/|title=Police Commissioner Bratton Sits On Quality Of Life Panel|date=November 19, 2015|publisher=NYPD News}}</ref> This pilot program ended in 2019.


The Alexander Hamilton Award Dinner was created in 2001 to recognize people who worked to revitalize American cities.<ref>Robert A. Katzmann, ''Daniel Patrick Moynihan: The Intellectual in Public Life'' (2004), p. 194.</ref> It is named after ]. Throughout the years, the institute has expanded the scope of the prize to leaders on local, state, and national levels, working in public policy, culture, and philanthropy. Past honorees include: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Cardinal ], ], ], ], ], and ]. The Alexander Hamilton Award Dinner was created in 2001 to recognize people who worked to revitalize American cities.<ref>Robert A. Katzmann, ''Daniel Patrick Moynihan: The Intellectual in Public Life'' (2004), p. 194.</ref> It is named after ]. Throughout the years, the institute has expanded the scope of the prize to leaders on local, state, and national levels, working in public policy, culture, and philanthropy. Past honorees include: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Cardinal ], ], ], ], ], and ]. ] and ] were most recently granted the award on 10 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rud4Jq51Lx8 | title=Douglas Murray: Choose Life, Not the Death Cult &#124; FULL SPEECH | website=] | date=May 10, 2024 }}</ref>


== Policy positions and initiatives== ==Policy positions and initiatives==


The institute supports ] ideas, focusing on urban policy, education, public finance and pensions, energy and the environment, health policy, legal reform, and economics.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute supports ] ideas, focusing on urban policy, education, public finance and pensions, energy and the environment, health policy, legal reform, and economics.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


===State and local policy=== ===State and local policy===
The institute focuses on both national and local issues, including ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/urban-policy|title=Urban Policy|publisher=Manhattan Institute}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} The institute focuses on both national and local issues, including ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/urban-policy|title=Urban Policy|publisher=Manhattan Institute}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}}


The institute pushed for ] in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | title=Welfare | date=2013 | website=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055752/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | archive-date=23 October 2013 | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} On the 20th anniversary of the ], the institute published a report by former senior fellow Scott Winship defending the act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/08/welfare-reform-scott-winship-poverty-000189|title=Did welfare reform work?|publisher=]}}</ref> The institute pushed for ] in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | title=Welfare | date=2013 | website=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055752/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | archive-date=23 October 2013 | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} On the 20th anniversary of the ], the institute published a report by former senior fellow Scott Winship defending the act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/08/welfare-reform-scott-winship-poverty-000189|title=Did welfare reform work?|date=August 22, 2016 |publisher=]}}</ref>


The Institute has published multiple books focused on America's cities; in 1997 it published ''Twenty-First Century City: Resurrecting Urban America'', authored by then-Indianapolis Mayor ]. In 2015 it published ''The Next Urban Renaissance''. In 2016, it published ''Retooling Metropolis''.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute has published multiple books focused on America's cities; in 1997 it published ''Twenty-First Century City: Resurrecting Urban America'', authored by then-Indianapolis Mayor ]. In 2015 it published ''The Next Urban Renaissance''. In 2016, it published ''Retooling Metropolis''.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


] joined the Manhattan Institute in 2006 as vice president of policy research and director of the institute's Social Entrepreneurship Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/05/president-obama-announces-another-key-administration-post|title=President Obama Announces Another Key Administration Post|date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpb.org/aboutcpb/leadership/board/husock|title=Howard Husock, Member, CPB Board of Directors|last=ernestosilva|date=12 February 2015|website=www.cpb.org}}</ref> ] joined the Manhattan Institute in 2006 as vice president of policy research and director of the institute's Social Entrepreneurship Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/05/president-obama-announces-another-key-administration-post|title=President Obama Announces Another Key Administration Post|date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpb.org/aboutcpb/leadership/board/husock|title=Howard Husock, Member, CPB Board of Directors|last=ernestosilva|date=12 February 2015|website=www.cpb.org}}</ref> Since 2019, Brandon Fuller has served as the institute's vice president of research and policy.


Steve Malanga has criticized public-sector unions and said that states like California and New Jersey suffer from political leadership.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/pension-tidal-wave-is-about-to-crash-down-on-taxpayers/article/2565965|title=Pension tidal wave is about to crash down on taxpayers|first=Steven|last=Malanga|magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/steve-malanga-the-pension-sink-is-gulping-billions-in-tax-raises-1421106634|title=The Pension Sink Is Gulping Billions in Tax Raises|first=Steve|last=Malanga|date=12 January 2015|newspaper=]|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref> Cities Malanga has profiled include Stockton, California;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/stockton%E2%80%99s-unlearned-lessons-11441.html|title=Stockton's Unlearned Lessons|date=23 December 2015|publisher=]}}</ref> Atlantic City, New Jersey;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/boardwalk-vampire-14101.html|title=Boardwalk Vampire|date=27 January 2016|publisher=]}}</ref> Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/lessons-harrisburg-14040.html|title=The Lessons of Harrisburg|date=23 December 2015|publisher=]}}</ref> Houston, Texas;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/in-fast-growing-texas-local-debt-has-soared-now-wholl-pick-up-the-tab/|title=In Fast-Growing Texas, Local Debt Has Soared|first=Investor's Business|last=Daily|date=3 October 2016|publisher=]}}</ref> and Dallas, Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/pension-collapse-big-d-14894.html|title=Pension Collapse in Big D|date=9 December 2016|publisher=]}}</ref> Steve Malanga has criticized public-sector unions and said that states like California and New Jersey suffer from political leadership.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/pension-tidal-wave-is-about-to-crash-down-on-taxpayers/article/2565965|title=Pension tidal wave is about to crash down on taxpayers|first=Steven|last=Malanga|magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/steve-malanga-the-pension-sink-is-gulping-billions-in-tax-raises-1421106634|title=The Pension Sink Is Gulping Billions in Tax Raises|first=Steve|last=Malanga|date=12 January 2015|newspaper=]|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref> Cities Malanga has profiled include Stockton, California;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/stockton%E2%80%99s-unlearned-lessons-11441.html|title=Stockton's Unlearned Lessons|date=23 December 2015|publisher=]}}</ref> Atlantic City, New Jersey;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/boardwalk-vampire-14101.html|title=Boardwalk Vampire|date=27 January 2016|publisher=]}}</ref> Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/lessons-harrisburg-14040.html|title=The Lessons of Harrisburg|date=23 December 2015|publisher=]}}</ref> Houston, Texas;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/in-fast-growing-texas-local-debt-has-soared-now-wholl-pick-up-the-tab/|title=In Fast-Growing Texas, Local Debt Has Soared|publisher=Investor's Business Daily|date=3 October 2016|agency=]}}</ref> and Dallas, Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/html/pension-collapse-big-d-14894.html|title=Pension Collapse in Big D|date=9 December 2016|publisher=]}}</ref>


], vice president at the ], joined the Manhattan Institute as a senior fellow in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mystatesman.com/news/greg-abbott-pension-board-pick-draws-protests-from-labor/FgaqjKto94zALNs1zNESMM/|title=Greg Abbott's pension board pick draws protests from labor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2015/12/01/law-enforcement-group-urges-gov-abbott-to-rescind-pension-board-appointment|title=Law enforcement group urges Gov. Abbott to rescind pension board appointment - Politics - Dallas News|date=1 December 2015}}</ref> ], vice president at the ], joined the Manhattan Institute as a senior fellow in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mystatesman.com/news/greg-abbott-pension-board-pick-draws-protests-from-labor/FgaqjKto94zALNs1zNESMM/|title=Greg Abbott's pension board pick draws protests from labor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2015/12/01/law-enforcement-group-urges-gov-abbott-to-rescind-pension-board-appointment|title=Law enforcement group urges Gov. Abbott to rescind pension board appointment - Politics - Dallas News|date=1 December 2015}}</ref> In 2020, McGee left the institute to become chief data officer of the state of Arkansas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/130568/josh-mcgee-maintains-states-data-plan|title=Josh McGee Maintains State's Data Plan|website=Arkansas Business|date=March 30, 2020}}</ref>


===Broken windows theory=== ===Broken windows theory===
] ]
The institute supports the ], named after a 1982 '']'' article "Broken Windows" by ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com:80/ideastour/archive/windows.html | title=Broken Windows | last1=Wilson | first1=James Q. | last2=Kelling | first2=George L. | date=March 1982 | website=The Atlantic | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423115437/http://www.theatlantic.com/ideastour/archive/windows.html | archive-date=23 April 2016 | access-date=19 September 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> The institute supports the ], named after a 1982 '']'' article "Broken Windows" by ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com:80/ideastour/archive/windows.html | title=Broken Windows | last1=Wilson | first1=James Q. | last2=Kelling | first2=George L. | date=March 1982 | website=The Atlantic | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423115437/http://www.theatlantic.com/ideastour/archive/windows.html | archive-date=23 April 2016 | access-date=19 September 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>


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}}</ref> Most recently, Mac Donald has argued that crime rates (or, in some instances, murder rates) have spiked in many urban areas as a result of the "Ferguson Effect": the tendency, in the aftermath of 2014's riots in Ferguson, Missouri, for police officers to engage in less proactive policing for fear of generating backlash from local populations or the media. Mac Donald has controversially argued that the consequences of this trend adversely affect African-American communities, stating that "there is no government agency more dedicated to the idea that black lives matter than the police".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-new-nationwide-crime-wave-1432938425|title=The New Nationwide Crime Wave|first=Heather Mac|last=Donald|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=29 May 2015|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/07/21/more-on-the-ferguson-effect-and-responses-to-critics/|title=Opinion - More on the 'Ferguson Effect,' and responses to critics|newspaper=]}}</ref> }}</ref> Most recently, Mac Donald has argued that crime rates (or, in some instances, murder rates) have spiked in many urban areas as a result of the "Ferguson Effect": the tendency, in the aftermath of 2014's riots in Ferguson, Missouri, for police officers to engage in less proactive policing for fear of generating backlash from local populations or the media. Mac Donald has controversially argued that the consequences of this trend adversely affect African-American communities, stating that "there is no government agency more dedicated to the idea that black lives matter than the police".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-new-nationwide-crime-wave-1432938425|title=The New Nationwide Crime Wave|first=Heather Mac|last=Donald|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=29 May 2015|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/07/21/more-on-the-ferguson-effect-and-responses-to-critics/|title=Opinion - More on the 'Ferguson Effect,' and responses to critics|newspaper=]}}</ref>


In the 2010s, according to ], institute employees were embedded in the ], assisting in the implementation of Broken Windows theories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/08/20/detroit-police-consider-stop-and-frisk-policy.html|title=Detroit traffic cops learning stop and frisk tactics|date=20 August 2013|publisher=]}}</ref> The institute funded an outreach team that shared its perspective on criminology and policy implementation with the Detroit Police Department, focusing on the "broken windows" approach. The institute is associated with ], a police management approach focused on crime analysis, information sharing, and accountability. George Kelling, the institute's loaned executive to the City of Detroit, and Michael Allegretti, the institute's director of state and local programs, implemented two pilot programs in the Northwest neighborhood of ] and the Northeast neighborhood of ]. One source reported that in the first year following implementation, "home invasions dropped 26 percent".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://michiganradio.org/post/new-police-program-detroit-proves-effective|title=New police program in Detroit proves effective|first=Michigan Radio|last=Newsroom|date=27 June 2013 |publisher=Michigan Radio}}</ref> In the 2010s, according to ], institute employees were embedded in the ], assisting in the implementation of Broken Windows theories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/08/20/detroit-police-consider-stop-and-frisk-policy.html|title=Detroit traffic cops learning stop and frisk tactics|date=20 August 2013|publisher=]}}</ref> The institute funded an outreach team that shared its perspective on criminology and policy implementation with the Detroit Police Department, focusing on the "broken windows" approach. The institute is associated with ], a police management approach focused on crime analysis, information sharing, and accountability. George Kelling, the institute's loaned executive to the City of Detroit, and Michael Allegretti, the institute's director of state and local programs, implemented two pilot programs in the Northwest neighborhood of ] and the Northeast neighborhood of ]. One source reported that in the first year following implementation, "home invasions dropped 26 percent".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://michiganradio.org/post/new-police-program-detroit-proves-effective|title=New police program in Detroit proves effective|date=27 June 2013 |publisher=Michigan Radio}}</ref>


===Education, charter schools and vouchers=== ===Education, charter schools and vouchers===
Institute senior fellow Beth Akers wrote ''Game of Loans: The Rhetoric and Reality of Student Debt'' (2016), which says that the student loan system is simply far too complex for the average student or parent borrower to navigate well. She argues that the department of education should simplify federal financial aid, adopt a single, income-driven repayment plan for federal student loans, and bring market-based approaches into student lending.{{fact|date=August 2022}} Institute senior fellow ] wrote ''Game of Loans: The Rhetoric and Reality of Student Debt'' (2016), which says that the student loan system is simply far too complex for the average student or parent borrower to navigate well. She argues that the department of education should simplify federal financial aid, adopt a single, income-driven repayment plan for federal student loans, and bring market-based approaches into student lending.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


Former senior fellow Jay P. Greene's research on ] was cited four times in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in '']'', which affirmed the constitutionality of ].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Miller|first1=John|title=What's Next for School Choice? Lots of possibilities, but also plenty of problems|magazine=National Review|date=June 28, 2002}}</ref> Former senior fellow Jay P. Greene's research on ] was cited four times in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in '']'', which affirmed the constitutionality of ].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Miller|first1=John|title=What's Next for School Choice? Lots of possibilities, but also plenty of problems|magazine=National Review|date=June 28, 2002}}</ref>
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Since 2006, the institute's Project FDA has asserted that with modern medicine "on the cusp of a radical transformation" due to breakthroughs in precision medicine, the FDA "has struggled to adapt its regulations to new scientific advances".<ref name="NYT-FDA">{{cite news|url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/projectfda|title=Everyone will be a patient someday|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 16, 2015|page=A9}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} Senior fellows Paul Howard, Peter Huber, and Tom Coburn have all argued that the FDA could speed up approvals without sacrificing safety. In October 2015, the institute ran a full-page advertisement in the New York Times, reading, "Everyone will be a patient someday".<ref name="NYT-FDA"/> The ad included the signatures of over a dozen industry leaders, all in support of the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, which was signed into law by President Obama just over a year later, in December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthnewsreview.org/2015/10/why-the-media-must-play-a-bigger-role-in-policing-unsafe-medical-devices/|title=Why the media must play a bigger role in policing unsafe medical devices|publisher=Health News Review}}</ref> Since 2006, the institute's Project FDA has asserted that with modern medicine "on the cusp of a radical transformation" due to breakthroughs in precision medicine, the FDA "has struggled to adapt its regulations to new scientific advances".<ref name="NYT-FDA">{{cite news|url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/projectfda|title=Everyone will be a patient someday|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 16, 2015|page=A9}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} Senior fellows Paul Howard, Peter Huber, and Tom Coburn have all argued that the FDA could speed up approvals without sacrificing safety. In October 2015, the institute ran a full-page advertisement in the New York Times, reading, "Everyone will be a patient someday".<ref name="NYT-FDA"/> The ad included the signatures of over a dozen industry leaders, all in support of the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, which was signed into law by President Obama just over a year later, in December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthnewsreview.org/2015/10/why-the-media-must-play-a-bigger-role-in-policing-unsafe-medical-devices/|title=Why the media must play a bigger role in policing unsafe medical devices|publisher=Health News Review}}</ref>


The institute has taken a critical view of the ] (ACA) since its inception. In 2013, it released its Obamacare Impact Map, a joint project of health policy fellows Paul Howard, Avik Roy, and Yevgeniy Feyman. In 2014, the institute published then senior fellow Avik Roy's proposal for its replacement, titled "Transcending Obamacare". According to Roy, while the ACA delivers on the goal of reducing the number of uninsured Americans, it does so by increasing the cost of U.S. health coverage. More recently, in 2017, the institute released a report by Yevgeniy Feyman advocating the use of 1332 "state innovation" waivers giving states the flexibility to increase choice, competition, and affordability under the ACA.{{fact|date=August 2022}} The institute has taken a critical view of the ] (ACA) since its inception. In 2013, it released its Obamacare Impact Map, a joint project of health policy fellows Paul Howard, Avik Roy, and Yevgeniy Feyman. In 2014, the institute published then senior fellow Avik Roy's proposal for its replacement, titled "Transcending Obamacare". According to Roy, while the ACA delivers on the goal of reducing the number of uninsured Americans, it does so by increasing the cost of U.S. health coverage. More recently, in 2017, the institute released a report by Yevgeniy Feyman advocating the use of 1332 "state innovation" waivers giving states the flexibility to increase choice, competition, and affordability under the ACA.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


The institute's health care scholars<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/health-care|title=Health Policy|website=Manhattan Institute|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} oppose allowing the federal government to negotiate prices in the ] prescription drug program<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117565717746559362 | title=One-Size-Fits-All Rules Will Hurt Drug Quality | date=4 April 2007 | website=The Wall Street Journal | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref> and believe that drug price negotiating has adverse effects in the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/older-drugs-shorter-lives-examination-health-effects-veterans-health-administration-formulary | title=Older Drugs, Shorter Lives? An Examination of the Health Effects of the Veterans Health Administration Formulary | last=Lichtenberg | first=Frank R. | date=1 October 2005 | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} The institute's health care scholars<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/health-care|title=Health Policy|website=Manhattan Institute|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} oppose allowing the federal government to negotiate prices in the ] prescription drug program<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117565717746559362 | title=One-Size-Fits-All Rules Will Hurt Drug Quality | date=4 April 2007 | website=The Wall Street Journal | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref> and believe that drug price negotiating has adverse effects in the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/older-drugs-shorter-lives-examination-health-effects-veterans-health-administration-formulary | title=Older Drugs, Shorter Lives? An Examination of the Health Effects of the Veterans Health Administration Formulary | last=Lichtenberg | first=Frank R. | date=1 October 2005 | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}}


Institute Senior Fellow Oren Cass goes has argued that the American social safety net's overwhelming emphasis on health care is the unintentional result of skewed incentives. States should therefore be allowed to reroute Medicaid funding to other programs that would more effectively meet the needs of the poor at no extra cost. In a 2017 article for National Review, Cass responded to accusations that repealing the Affordable Care Act would lead to otherwise preventable deaths by writing "In reality, the best statistical estimate of the number of lives saved each year by the ACA is zero".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/445260/obamacare-has-not-saved-american-lives|title=No, Obamacare Has Not Saved American Lives|magazine=]}}</ref> Institute Senior Fellow Oren Cass goes has argued that the American social safety net's overwhelming emphasis on health care is the unintentional result of skewed incentives. States should therefore be allowed to reroute Medicaid funding to other programs that would more effectively meet the needs of the poor at no extra cost. In a 2017 article for ''National Review'', Cass responded to accusations that repealing the Affordable Care Act would lead to otherwise preventable deaths by writing "In reality, the best statistical estimate of the number of lives saved each year by the ACA is zero".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/445260/obamacare-has-not-saved-american-lives|title=No, Obamacare Has Not Saved American Lives|magazine=]}}</ref>


=== Legal reform === === Legal reform ===
The institute's legal scholars author policy papers on various aspects of legal reform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/legal-reform|title=Legal Reform|website=Manhattan Institute|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} The Center for Legal Policy regularly writes on ], ], and ] reform. Corporate governance reports usually focus on proxy voting records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.proxymonitor.org/|title=Proxy Monitor|website=www.proxymonitor.org|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> Overcriminalization<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/overcriminalization|title=Overcriminalizing America {{!}} Manhattan Institute|website=Manhattan Institute|date=19 January 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> issue briefs typically study the growth of the criminal law in state penal codes. Proposed reforms to America's lawsuit practice are published under the center's ongoing publication of Trial Lawyers, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/trial-lawyers-inc-class-actions-and-mass-torts-8462.html|title=Trial Lawyers, Inc.: Class Actions and Mass Torts {{!}} Manhattan Institute|website=Manhattan Institute|date=27 January 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> The institute's legal scholars author policy papers on various aspects of legal reform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/legal-reform|title=Legal Reform|website=Manhattan Institute|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} The Center for Legal Policy regularly writes on ], ], and ] reform. Corporate governance reports usually focus on proxy voting records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.proxymonitor.org/|title=Proxy Monitor|website=www.proxymonitor.org|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> Issue briefs on overcriminalization<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/overcriminalization|title=Overcriminalizing America {{!}} Manhattan Institute|website=Manhattan Institute|date=19 January 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> typically study the growth of the criminal law in state penal codes. Proposed reforms to America's lawsuit practice are published under the center's ongoing publication of Trial Lawyers, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/trial-lawyers-inc-class-actions-and-mass-torts-8462.html|title=Trial Lawyers, Inc.: Class Actions and Mass Torts {{!}} Manhattan Institute|website=Manhattan Institute|date=27 January 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>


====Overcriminalization==== ====Overcriminalization====
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* ], visiting scholar * ], visiting scholar
* ], visiting scholar * ], visiting scholar
* ], fellow; religious leader and former U.S. Representative (D-NY) * ], fellow; religious leader and former U.S. Representative (D-NY)
* ], fellow * ], fellow
* ] (former senior fellow) * ] (former senior fellow)
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* ], senior fellow and senior editor * ], senior fellow and senior editor
* ], adjunct fellow and contributing editor * ], adjunct fellow and contributing editor
* ], senior fellow and contributor * ], senior fellow and contributor
* ], senior fellow and contributing editor * ], senior fellow and contributing editor
* ], contributing editor * ], contributing editor
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==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Conservatism|United States}} {{Portal|Conservatism|United States}}
*'']'' * '']''
*] * ]


==References== ==References==
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* *
* (Manhattan Institute newsletter) * (Manhattan Institute newsletter)
* {{ProPublicaNonprofitExplorer|132912529}}


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{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Manhattan Institute For Policy Research}}
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Latest revision as of 20:54, 7 November 2024

American conservative think tank

Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
Formation1978; 46 years ago (1978)
FounderAntony Fisher
William J. Casey
Type501(c)(3) public policy think tank
Headquarters52 Vanderbilt Avenue
New York, NY 10017
U.S.
PresidentReihan Salam
ChairmanPaul Singer
BudgetRevenue: $16,694,868
Expenses: $15,701,907
(FYE September 2021)
Websitemanhattan.institute
Formerly calledInternational Center for Economic Policy Studies
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The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research (renamed in 1981 from the International Center for Economic Policy Studies) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit conservative think tank focused on domestic policy and urban affairs. The institute's focus covers a wide variety of issues including healthcare, higher education, public housing, prisoner reentry, and policing. It was established in Manhattan in 1978 by Antony Fisher and William J. Casey.

The institute produces materials including books, articles, interviews, speeches, op-eds, policy research, and the quarterly publication City Journal. It is a key think tank and ranked in the Global Go To Think Tank Index (GGTTI) published by the University of Pennsylvania. Its current president is Reihan Salam, who has led the organization since being appointed in 2019.

History

Foundational years (1978–1980)

The International Center for Economic Policy Studies (ICEPS) was founded by Antony Fisher and William J. Casey in 1978. ICEPS changed its name to the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in 1981. The institute's first president was Jeffrey Bell, who was succeeded in 1980 by William H. Hammett, who served until 1995. In 1980, the institute (then ICEPS) began publishing its Manhattan Report on Economic Policy, a monthly periodical containing briefs by market economists and analysts. David Asman was the first editor of the reports and continued the post until 1982.

Reagan-era activity (1981–1989)

During the early 1980s, the institute published several books on supply-side economics and the privatization of services. In 1981, Institute program director George Gilder published Wealth and Poverty, a book that some reviewers called the "bible" of the Reagan administration; the book focused on questioning the character of the poor, saying that "the current poor, white even more than black, are refusing to work hard." A New York Times reviewer called it "A Guide to Capitalism", arguing that it offered "a creed for capitalism worthy of intelligent people", but noted that it was alternately astonishing and boring, "persuasive and sometimes highly questionable." The book was a New York Times bestseller and eventually sold over a million copies.

Other books on supply-side economics published during this era include The Economy in Mind (1982), by Warren Brookes, and The Supply-Side Solution (1983), edited by Timothy Roth and Bruce Bartlett. The institute sponsored a documentary film, "Good Intentions", in 1983 based on the book, The State Against Blacks by Walter E. Williams. The film debuted on New York area public TV station WNET on June 27, and presented Williams's thesis that government policies have done more to impede than to encourage black economic progress.

In 1982, the institute paid Charles Murray to write Losing Ground, published in 1984.

Establishing City Journal and the Giuliani Mayoralty (1990–2000)

In 1990, the institute founded its quarterly magazine, City Journal. The magazine was edited by Peter Salins and then Fred Siegel in the early 1990s. Fortune editor Myron Magnet was hired by the institute as editor of the magazine in 1994, where he served until 2007. As of 2018, the magazine is edited by Brian C. Anderson. Lawrence J. Mone was named president of the institute in 1995, taking over from William H. Hammett. He joined the institute in 1982, serving as a public policy specialist, program director and vice president before being named the institute's fourth president.

The institute established the Center for Education Innovation (CEI) in 1989, which focused on promoting charter schools, through which the institute became "a mainstay of the school choice movement". The CEI helped create a number of small, alternative public schools in New York and advised New York Governor George Pataki in crafting the state's charter school law in 1998, which authorized the creation of autonomous public schools.

Former senior fellow Peter W. Huber published his first book, Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences, in 1990. The book focused on tort law since the 1960s, arguing that a dramatic increase in liability lawsuits had led to numerous negative outcomes. Later on, Walter Olson's work at the institute included The Litigation Explosion, in 1992.

The institute had ties with the administration of New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who had become a regular at Institute luncheons and lectures after his failed mayoral campaign in 1989. The Spring 1992 Issue of City Journal was devoted to "The Quality of Urban Life", and featured articles on crime, education, housing, and public spaces. The issue caught Giuliani's eye as he prepared to run for mayor again in 1993. The campaign contacted City Journal editor Fred Siegel to develop tutorial sessions for the candidate. Among the policies adopted by his administration was the "broken-windows" theory of policing, which had already begun to be adopted on some levels by leadership in the NYPD.

During the 2000 election, candidate George W. Bush cited Myron Magnet's, The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass (1993), as having an impact on how he conducted his approach to public policy. Bush went on to say "The Dream and the Nightmare by Myron Magnet crystallized for me the impact the failed culture of the '60s had on our values and society".

Terrorism and social unrest (2001–2009)

After the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the institute formed the Center for Tactical Counterterrorism (CTCT), later renamed the Center for Policing Terrorism (CPT). The group was created at the request of the NYPD, to provide research into new policing techniques with the goal of retraining officers to become "first preventers" to future mass-casualty attacks.

Eddy brought on board Tim Connors, a West Point and Notre Dame Law School graduate, to oversee the day-to-day operations of the CTCT. The CTCT began publishing reports and white papers on intelligence fusion centers, local counterterrorism strategies, and intelligence-led policing. With help of institute staffers Mark Riebling and Pete Patton, the center produced briefings on terrorist attacks around the world and presented them at weekly meetings with the Counterterrorism Bureau. The institute's counterterrorism strategy also built upon "broken windows" and CompStat policing models by training police in problem-solving techniques, data analysis, and order maintenance.

In January 2005, the CTCT cautioned against the construction of a new United Nations structure over the Queens Midtown Tunnel, which would have increased the value of the tunnel as a potential terrorist target. CTCT, and later CPT, continued publishing research until 2008 when it was absorbed into National Consortium for Advanced Policing.

2009–present

In 2010, Institute senior fellow Steve Malanga (a former Crain Communications executive editor) published Shakedown: The Continuing Conspiracy Against the American Taxpayer.

After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, senior fellow Nicole Gelinas wrote her first book, After the Fall: Saving Capitalism from Wall Street — and Washington (Encounter, 2011). In the book, she argues that after over two decades of broken regulation and the federal government's adoption of a "too big to fail" policy for the largest or most complex financial companies eventually posed an untenable risk to the economy. The institute has also worked closely with others, including Charles W. Calomiris at Columbia Business School. Calomiris criticized the Dodd-Frank financial regulations passed in response to the 2007–2008 financial crisis.

Paul Howard, the institute's former director of health policy, advocated regulatory reform to allow private industry to develop medical devices and pharmaceuticals.

In 2012, Institute senior fellow Kay Hymowitz released Manning Up: How the Rise of Women Has Turned Men into Boys, arguing that too many American men in their 20s have started to prolong adolescence. Governing magazine columnist and urban-policy blogger Aaron Renn also joined the institute in 2012.

In 2015, Heather Mac Donald popularized the term, the Ferguson effect (an increase in violent crime rates in a community asserted to be caused by reduced proactive policing due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police) when she used it in a May 29, 2015, Wall Street Journal op-ed. The op-ed stated the rise in crime rates in some U.S. cities was due to "agitation" against police forces. Mac Donald also argued "Unless the demonization of law enforcement ends, the liberating gains in urban safety will be lost", quoting a number of police officers who said police morale was at an all-time low. The following year, Mac Donald published The War on Cops, which asserted that a "new attack on law and order makes everyone less safe". In the book, Mac Donald further highlighted the Ferguson effect, and argued that claims of racial discrimination in policing are "unsupported by evidence", and are instead due to larger numbers of crimes being reported as having been committed by minorities.

In 2021, the institute initiated an annual "Celebration of Ideas" in Palm Beach County, Florida. This was highlighted by The Wall Street Journal in a 2023 article noting the institute's growing presence in Florida. In January 2023, Institute senior fellow Christopher Rufo, director of the organization's initiative on critical race theory, was appointed by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis to serve on the New College of Florida Board of Trustees.

Programs

President Bush addresses a meeting of the Manhattan Institute at Federal Hall National Memorial on November 13, 2008.

The institute founded its quarterly magazine on urban policy and culture called City Journal in 1990. As of 2018, it is edited by Brian C. Anderson; contributors include Heather Mac Donald, Christopher F. Rufo, Theodore Dalrymple, Nicole Gelinas, Steven Malanga, Edward L. Glaeser, Kay Hymowitz, Victor Davis Hanson, Judith Miller, and John Tierney.

The Adam Smith Society was founded by the institute in 2011. Bloomberg describes it as a nationwide chapter-based association of business school students who “double down on” capitalism. As of 2018, the organization had nine professional chapters, located in Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, London, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., and 33 student chapters at such schools as the Stanford Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Created in 2006, the institute's Veritas Fund for Higher Education was a donor advised fund that invested in universities and professors. The fund invested in courses related to western civilization, the American founding, and political economy.

Carly Fiorina, Vanessa Mendoza, and Marilyn Fedak at the Adam Smith Society national meeting in New York City on February 21, 2014.

The institute formed its Project FDA in 2006 to focus on ways to improve FDA regulations. Notable members of the committee include former FDA commissioner Andrew C. von Eschenbach and former Oklahoma senator and Institute senior fellow Tom Coburn.

Economics21 (E21) joined the institute in 2013 as the organization's Washington-based research center focused on economic issues and innovative policy solutions, led by the former chief economist of the U.S. Department of Labor during the Reagan administration, Diana Furchtgott-Roth. E21 has a partnership with the Shadow Open Market Committee, which was established in 2009, prior to its association with the institute. The independent group of economists meet twice a year to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee. E21 partners with the Shadow Open Market Committee (SOMC), an independent group of economists, first organized in 1973 by Karl Brunner, from the University of Rochester, and Allan Meltzer, from Carnegie Mellon University, to provide a monetarist alternative to the views on monetary policy and its inflation effects then prevailing at the Federal Reserve and within the economics profession. Its original objective was to evaluate the policy choices and actions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), but has since broadened its scope to cover a wide range of macroeconomic policy issues.

In 2015, the institute launched SchoolGrades.org, claiming that it was the only grading system that uses a rigorous, common standard to compare schools across the U.S.—accounting for differences in academic standards across states and each school's unique economic profile to provide a comprehensive picture of school performance in core subjects. The institute also launched The Beat in 2015. The Beat is an email that focuses on issues that matter most to New York, drawing on the work of Manhattan Institute scholars: transportation, education, quality of life, and the local goings-on at City Hall. This pilot program ended in 2019.

The Alexander Hamilton Award Dinner was created in 2001 to recognize people who worked to revitalize American cities. It is named after Alexander Hamilton. Throughout the years, the institute has expanded the scope of the prize to leaders on local, state, and national levels, working in public policy, culture, and philanthropy. Past honorees include: Tim Scott, Nikki Haley, Dan Loeb, Ken Griffin, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, William F. Buckley Jr., Rudolph Giuliani, Tom Wolfe, Rupert Murdoch, Raymond Kelly, Henry Kissinger, Cardinal Timothy Dolan, Bobby Jindal, Paul Ryan, Jeb Bush, George Kelling, and Eva Moskowitz. Douglas Murray and Ross Perot Jr were most recently granted the award on 10 May 2024.

Policy positions and initiatives

The institute supports free-market ideas, focusing on urban policy, education, public finance and pensions, energy and the environment, health policy, legal reform, and economics.

State and local policy

The institute focuses on both national and local issues, including municipal finance, public pensions, infrastructure, welfare, policing, and housing.

The institute pushed for welfare reform in the mid-1990s. On the 20th anniversary of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, the institute published a report by former senior fellow Scott Winship defending the act.

The institute has published multiple books focused on America's cities; in 1997 it published Twenty-First Century City: Resurrecting Urban America, authored by then-Indianapolis Mayor Stephen Goldsmith. In 2015 it published The Next Urban Renaissance. In 2016, it published Retooling Metropolis.

Howard Husock joined the Manhattan Institute in 2006 as vice president of policy research and director of the institute's Social Entrepreneurship Initiative. Since 2019, Brandon Fuller has served as the institute's vice president of research and policy.

Steve Malanga has criticized public-sector unions and said that states like California and New Jersey suffer from political leadership. Cities Malanga has profiled include Stockton, California; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Houston, Texas; and Dallas, Texas.

Josh McGee, vice president at the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, joined the Manhattan Institute as a senior fellow in 2015. In 2020, McGee left the institute to become chief data officer of the state of Arkansas.

Broken windows theory

George Kelling stands with leaders of the Detroit Police Department and other local officials at a press conference in 2013. The department partnered with Manhattan Institute for new ways to protect the neighborhoods in the area.

The institute supports the broken windows theory, named after a 1982 Atlantic Monthly article "Broken Windows" by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.

Senior fellow Heather Mac Donald argues that crime prevention statistics from the 2008–2009 recession improved as a result of efficient policing, high incarceration rates, more police officers working, data-driven approaches such as CompStat which helps commanders target high-crime areas, and a policy of holding precinct commanders accountable for results. This research opposes the commonly-held notion that crime inevitably spikes when economic conditions worsen. She contends the decline of American cities, beginning during the 1960s, was a result of crime "spiraling out of control". Most recently, Mac Donald has argued that crime rates (or, in some instances, murder rates) have spiked in many urban areas as a result of the "Ferguson Effect": the tendency, in the aftermath of 2014's riots in Ferguson, Missouri, for police officers to engage in less proactive policing for fear of generating backlash from local populations or the media. Mac Donald has controversially argued that the consequences of this trend adversely affect African-American communities, stating that "there is no government agency more dedicated to the idea that black lives matter than the police".

In the 2010s, according to Fox News, institute employees were embedded in the Detroit Police Department, assisting in the implementation of Broken Windows theories. The institute funded an outreach team that shared its perspective on criminology and policy implementation with the Detroit Police Department, focusing on the "broken windows" approach. The institute is associated with CompStat, a police management approach focused on crime analysis, information sharing, and accountability. George Kelling, the institute's loaned executive to the City of Detroit, and Michael Allegretti, the institute's director of state and local programs, implemented two pilot programs in the Northwest neighborhood of Grandmont-Rosedale and the Northeast neighborhood of East English Village. One source reported that in the first year following implementation, "home invasions dropped 26 percent".

Education, charter schools and vouchers

Institute senior fellow Beth Akers wrote Game of Loans: The Rhetoric and Reality of Student Debt (2016), which says that the student loan system is simply far too complex for the average student or parent borrower to navigate well. She argues that the department of education should simplify federal financial aid, adopt a single, income-driven repayment plan for federal student loans, and bring market-based approaches into student lending.

Former senior fellow Jay P. Greene's research on school choice was cited four times in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, which affirmed the constitutionality of school vouchers.

In March 1989, the institute employed Seymour "Sy" Fliegel as a senior fellow and launched the Center for Educational Innovation (CEI). Fliegel and Institute senior fellow James Macguire wrote a book, The Miracle of East Harlem: The Fight for Choice in Public Education, to demonstrate how education reform can be achieved one school at a time.

Energy and environment

In 2005, Institute senior fellows Peter Huber and Mark Mills released the book The Bottomless Well, which disputes several popular beliefs about energy.

Former senior fellow Oren Cass has claimed that the popular conception of climate change as posing an existential threat to modern civilization is not supported by climate science or economics. In 2018, The New York Times reported that EPA director Scott Pruitt had solicited a meeting with Cass, who told the newspaper that he “encourage conservatives to accept mainstream climate science and focus on economic analysis and good public policy.” The New York Times noted that "experts at the institute have expressed skepticism about the projected costs of climate change," but that "the organization does not take a formal position on climate change science."

The institute is largely opposed to government mandates and subsidies and advocates the hydraulic fracturing (fracking) method of extracting natural gas and oil from underground deposits. In response to calls to ban fracking in parts of New York, the institute released a report in 2011 projecting that allowing fracking could "inject over $11 billion into the state economy".

Health policy

Since 2006, the institute's Project FDA has asserted that with modern medicine "on the cusp of a radical transformation" due to breakthroughs in precision medicine, the FDA "has struggled to adapt its regulations to new scientific advances". Senior fellows Paul Howard, Peter Huber, and Tom Coburn have all argued that the FDA could speed up approvals without sacrificing safety. In October 2015, the institute ran a full-page advertisement in the New York Times, reading, "Everyone will be a patient someday". The ad included the signatures of over a dozen industry leaders, all in support of the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, which was signed into law by President Obama just over a year later, in December 2016.

The institute has taken a critical view of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) since its inception. In 2013, it released its Obamacare Impact Map, a joint project of health policy fellows Paul Howard, Avik Roy, and Yevgeniy Feyman. In 2014, the institute published then senior fellow Avik Roy's proposal for its replacement, titled "Transcending Obamacare". According to Roy, while the ACA delivers on the goal of reducing the number of uninsured Americans, it does so by increasing the cost of U.S. health coverage. More recently, in 2017, the institute released a report by Yevgeniy Feyman advocating the use of 1332 "state innovation" waivers giving states the flexibility to increase choice, competition, and affordability under the ACA.

The institute's health care scholars oppose allowing the federal government to negotiate prices in the Medicare Part D prescription drug program and believe that drug price negotiating has adverse effects in the Veterans Administration.

Institute Senior Fellow Oren Cass goes has argued that the American social safety net's overwhelming emphasis on health care is the unintentional result of skewed incentives. States should therefore be allowed to reroute Medicaid funding to other programs that would more effectively meet the needs of the poor at no extra cost. In a 2017 article for National Review, Cass responded to accusations that repealing the Affordable Care Act would lead to otherwise preventable deaths by writing "In reality, the best statistical estimate of the number of lives saved each year by the ACA is zero".

Legal reform

The institute's legal scholars author policy papers on various aspects of legal reform. The Center for Legal Policy regularly writes on overcriminalization, corporate governance, and civil litigation reform. Corporate governance reports usually focus on proxy voting records. Issue briefs on overcriminalization typically study the growth of the criminal law in state penal codes. Proposed reforms to America's lawsuit practice are published under the center's ongoing publication of Trial Lawyers, Inc.

Overcriminalization

In 2014, the institute began to study the issue of overcriminalization, the idea that state and federal criminal codes are overly expansive and growing too quickly. At the federal level alone, Institute fellows have identified over 300,000 laws and regulations whose violation can lead to prison time. The institute asserts that this puts even well-meaning citizens in danger of prosecution for seemingly innocuous conduct. From 2014 to 2016, the institute produced reports on the status of overcriminalization in five states (North Carolina, Michigan, South Carolina, Minnesota, and Oklahoma) and is continually adding more state-specific research.

Prisoner reentry in Newark

Cory Booker speaks about the City of Newark at a Manhattan Institute event in New York City on May 22, 2008.

In Newark, New Jersey, the institute partnered with Mayor Cory Booker to implement a new approach to prisoner reentry, based on the principle of connecting ex-offenders with paid work immediately upon release. As the mayor of Newark, Booker sought to remedy a problem familiar to those in the community: prisoner reentry. A study by William Eimicke, Maggie Gallagher, Stephen Goldsmith for the institute, Moving Men into the Mainstream: Best Practices in Prisoner Reentry, found that the most successful prisoner-reentry programs were those that employed the work-first model. Booker's staff, and Richard Greenwald, a specialist in the development of workforce, implemented Newark's Prisoner Reentry Initiative (NPRI). As of November 2011, the agencies that contracted with the city through NPRI had enrolled 1,436 program participants, exceeding the benchmark set by the Department of Labor. Provider organizations have placed more than 1,000 people in unsubsidized jobs, with an average hourly wage of $9.32.

Governor Chris Christie thereafter announced his plan to reform the state's prison system, and sought the institute's analysis of the current system. The final report included a set of recommendations on addressing drug offenses and recidivism, and better aligning New Jersey agencies around a successful reentry strategy.

Economics

Given the concern about economic inequality among mainstream academics and commentators, especially since the Great Recession and the release of Thomas Piketty's bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century, the institute has produced several pieces of research on this and the related issue of economic mobility in the U.S. In 2014, former senior fellow Scott Winship produced a report, "Inequality Does Not Reduce Prosperity", which examined evidence from across the globe. This report contended that larger increases in inequality correspond with sharper rises in living standards for the middle class and poor alike, while greater inequality in developed nations tends to accompany stronger economic growth. In a 2015 report, Winship examined the state of economic and residential mobility in the U.S., finding that people who move from their birth states fare better economically than those who stay put. He argues that the U.S. should focus on policies to improve mobility in order to expand opportunities among disadvantaged groups.

Diana Furchtgott-Roth, formerly a senior fellow, has argued for a reduction in the corporate tax rate and a move to a territorial tax system, in order to make the U.S. more economically competitive on the world stage. In 2015, Roth, together with former fellow Jared Meyer, published the book, Disinherited: How America Is Betraying America's Young, arguing that millennials' plight is the result of government policies that are systematically stacked against young Americans to the benefit of older generations.

The institute has criticized plans to expand the federal minimum wage. In 2015, it published a report by American Action Forum's Douglas Holtz-Eakin and Ben Gitis, which made the case that an increase of the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2020 would cost 6.6 million jobs. A 2016 report by Oren Cass argued that these deleterious effects are mainly due to the fact that increases in the federal minimum fail to account for differences in local conditions: not all labor markets are the same. Cass has also argued for the introduction of a federal wage subsidy—additional dollars per hour worked delivered via one's paycheck—as a better third way to help low-income workers. In 2015, he wrote that a wage subsidy is superior to both the minimum wage and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) because it incentivizes workforce participation and delivers benefits directly to workers, without distorting the labor market.

Notable people

Notable City Journal people

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

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