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{{About|the municipal town under the jurisdiction of St. Petersburg, Russia|the palace complex|Peterhof Palace}}
]
{{Infobox Russian city
'''Peterhof''' ({{lang-ru|Петерго́ф}}, ''Petergof'', originally ''Peterhof'', ] and ] for "Peter's Court") is a series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of ], and sometimes called the "Russian ]". It is located about twenty kilometers west and six kilometers south of ], overlooking the ], an arm of the Baltic Sea. "Peterhof" may also refer to the adjacent town of 82,000 people. The ] is a ].
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'''Petergof''' ({{langx|ru|Петерго́ф}}), known as '''Petrodvorets''' ({{lang|ru|Петродворец}}) from 1944 to 1997, is a ] in ] of the ] of ], located on the southern shore of the ].
==Layout==
The dominant natural feature of Peterhof is a sixteen-metre-high bluff lying less than a hundred metres from the shore. The so-called Lower Gardens (''Nizhny Sad''), at 1.02 ] comprising the better part of Peterhof's land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly 200 metres. The majority of Peterhof's fountains are contained here, as are several small palaces and outbuildings. East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandria Park with 19th-century ] structures such as the ].
]
Atop the bluff, near the middle of the Lower Gardens, stands the Grand Palace (''Bolshoi Dvorets''). Behind (south) of it are the comparatively small Upper Gardens (Verhnyy Sad). Upon the bluff's face below the Palace is the Grand Cascade (''Bolshoi Kaskad''), together with the Grand Palace the centerpiece of the entire complex. At its foot begins the Sea Channel (''Morskoi Kanal''), one of the most extensive waterworks of the ] period, which bisects the Lower Gardens.


The town hosts one of two campuses of ] and the ], one of the leading Russian watch manufactures. A ], laid out on the orders of ] and sometimes called the "Russian ]", is also situated there. The ] is recognized as a ].
==The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain==
] ]
The Grand Cascade is modeled on one constructed for ] at his ], which is likewise memorialized in one of the park's outbuildings.


==Palaces, fountains, and gardens==
At the center of the cascade is an artificial grotto with two stories, faced inside and out with hewn brown stone. It currently contains a modest museum of the fountains' history. One of the exhibits is a table carrying a bowl of (artificial) fruit, a replica of a similar table built under Peter's direction. The table is rigged with jets of water that soak visitors when they reach for the fruit, a feature from ] gardens that remained popular in Germany. The grotto is connected to the palace above and behind by a hidden corridor.


Petergof is named after the ], a sixteen-meter-high ] lying less than a hundred meters from the shore. The so-called Lower Gardens (''Nizhny Sad''), at {{convert|1.02|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} comprising the better part of the palace complex land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly {{convert|200|m|ft|sp=us}}. The majority of Peterhof's fountains are contained here, as are several small palaces and outbuildings. East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandria Park with 19th-century ] structures such as the ].
The fountains of the Grand Cascade are located below the grotto and on either side of it. Their waters flow into a semicircular pool, the terminus of the fountain-lined Sea Channel. In the ], the large Samson Fountain was placed in this pool. It depicts the moment when ] tears open the jaws of a lion, representing Russia's victory over ] in the ], and is doubly symbolic. The lion is an element of the Swedish coat of arms, and ] was won on St Samson's Day. From the lion's mouth shoots a 20-metre-high vertical jet of water, the highest in all of Peterhof. This masterpiece by ] was looted by the invading Germans during the ]; see ] below. A replica of the statue was installed in 1947.


Atop the bluff, near the middle of the Lower Gardens, stands the Grand Palace (''Bolshoy Dvorets''). To the south of it are the comparatively small Upper Gardens (''Verkhny Sad''). Upon the bluff's face below the Palace is the Grand Cascade (''Bolshoy Kaskad''). This and the Grand Palace are the centerpiece of the entire complex. At its foot begins the Sea Channel (''Morskoy Kanal''), one of the most extensive waterworks of the ] period, which bisects the Lower Gardens.
Perhaps the greatest technological achievement of Peterhof is that all of the fountains operate without the use of ]s. Water is supplied from natural springs and collects in reservoirs in the Upper Gardens. The elevation difference creates the pressure that drives most of the fountains of the Lower Gardens, including the Grand Cascade. The Samson Fountain is supplied by a special aqueduct, over four km in length, drawing water and pressure from a high-elevation source.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="145" style="line-height:130%">
].]]
File:Peterhof summer.jpg|Grand Peterhof Palace and the Grand Cascade
File:Коттедж 2007 05.jpg|"Cottage" built in 1829 in Alexandria Park in Peterhof was a summer residence of Russian Emperor ]
File:Gothic Chapel, Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky in Alexandria Park, Peterhof.jpg|Church of Saint ], a ] built by ], in Alexandria Park, Peterhof
</gallery>


==St. Petersburg State University==
==The Lower Gardens==
Besides the downtown campus, certain ]'s schools and departments are located in Petergof:
The expanse of the Lower Gardens is designed in a formal (French) fashion. Although many trees are overgrown, in the recent years the formal clipping along the many alleys has resumed in order to restore the original appearance of the garden.
*]'s campus in Mikhailovka (under reconstruction)
*Faculty of Biology and Soil Studies' research center in Sergievka (] Palace)
*Petrodvorets Complex including four faculties:
:*Applied Mathematics and Control Processes
:*]
:*Mathematics and Mechanics
:*Physics
*seven research institutes:
:*Astronomy
:*Chemistry
:*Computational Mathematics and Control Processes
:*Laser Research
:*Mathematics and Mechanics
:*Radiophysics
:*Physics
*as well as 12 dormitories and a number of infrastructure objects.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.spbu.ru/|title= Portal of St. Petersburg State University}}</ref>


The Petrodvorets Complex dates back to 1960s when it was decided to copy best international practices and to construct a brand-new suburban campus for the University, which had a crucial need for new premises. However, the idea was said to be widely opposed by the faculty, who did not want to commute two hours a day,{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} and as few as four faculties relocated to Petergof.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://petergoff.org/history-of-petrodvorets-complex/|title= History of Petrodvorets Complex (in Russian)|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100823044004/http://campus.spbu.ru/history/index.ru.html|archive-date= August 23, 2010|df= mdy-all | quote = По первоначальному замыслу новый университетский городок, который планировалось построить южнее Старого Петергофа на участке в 666 га, должен был включить в себя все естественные и гуманитарные факультеты, их научно-исследовательские институты и остальные подразделения Университета. Но эта мечта оказалась слишком дорогостоящей, и тогда союзным правительством было принято решение о проектировании и строительстве в Петродворце в первую очередь трех естественных факультетов: физического, математико-механического и химического, вместе с их научно-исследовательскими институтами.}}</ref>
The many fountains located here exhibit an unusual degree of creativity. One of the most notable designs is entitled 'The Sun'. A disk radiating water jets from its edge creates an image of the sun's rays, and the whole structure rotates about a vertical axis so that the direction in which the "sun" faces is constantly changing.


In the 1990s the number of students from other regions fell significantly, and the University sold many of its downtown dormitories. When the trend reversed, the need for housing made the University administration accommodate most students in Petergof, even those studying in downtown faculties, which has created certain tensions. Still, the idea of a suburban campus seems to be persistent, as the Government of the Russian Federation has decided to hand over the Mikhailovka estate to the University to reconstruct it and house the Graduate School of Management's campus.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gsom.pu.ru/about_som/gsm_campus/|title= GSOM's campus in Mikhailovka (in Russian)}}</ref>
Several fountains are designed with the specific purpose of soaking visitors. Two take the form of gangly trees rigged with jets that activate when someone approaches. Another, disguised as an ] with a circular bench set around the stem, drops a curtain of water from its rim when someone enters to take a seat.


Due to the extensive presence of research facilities, mainly belonging to St. Petersburg State University, Petergof was named a ] in 2005.<ref>
The same bluff that provides a setting for the Grand Cascade houses two other, very different cascades. West of the Grand Palace is the Golden Mountain (''Zolotaia Gora''), decorated with marble statuary that contrasts with the riotous gilded figures of the Grand Cascade. To the east is the Chess Mountain (''Shahmatnaia Gora''), a broad chute whose surface is tiled black and white like a ]board.
{{cite web
|url= http://www.naukograd-peterhof.ru/
|title=Naukograd Petergof (in Russian)
|url-status= dead
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110117162334/http://www.naukograd-peterhof.ru/
|archive-date= January 17, 2011
|df= mdy-all
}}
</ref>


==Petrodvorets Watch Factory==
The most prominently positioned fountains of Peterhof are 'Adam' and 'Eve'. They occupy symmetric positions on either side of the Sea Channel, each at the conjunction of eight paths.
Russia's oldest factory was founded by Peter the Great in 1721 first as a ] plant to help in the construction of the Peterhof Palaces but also other Palaces in St.&nbsp;Petersburg. It started to produce equipment and parts for the watch industry in the 1920s. After ], the factory started to produce complete watches under the brand name ''Pobeda'' and from 1961 under the brand ''''']'''''. in 1985 the factory had 7500 employees and was producing 5 million mechanical watches per year. Today, it is the last watch factory in Russia producing its own movements from A to Z, though the production is much smaller than it used to be.<ref name="Video about PCHZ">, Russian with Eng subtitles.</ref><ref name="Official site of the Russian watch factory raketa">, in Russian and English.</ref>


==Telegraph Station==
==The Grand Palace==
]
]
The largest of Peterhof's palaces looks truly imposing when seen from the Lower or Upper Gardens, but in fact it is quite narrow and not overly large. Of its approximately thirty rooms, several deserve mention.


==Transportation==
The Chesma Hall is decorated with twelve large paintings of the ], a stunning naval victory of the ]. These were painted between ] and ] by the German artist J. Haakert. His first renderings of the great battle scenes were criticized by witnesses as not showing realistically the effect of exploding ships &mdash; the flying timbers, great flames, smoke, and fireballs. ] assisted the artist by exploding a frigate in the harbor of ], ], for the benefit of Haakert, who had never seen a naval battle firsthand. Haakert also did not research the actual positions of the Russian and Turkish forces during the battle, so the scenes depicted are somewhat fanciful, but do effectively convey drama and destruction of naval warfare.
]


The town is served by three railway stations (Novy Petergof, Stary Petergof, and Universitet). The palaces of Peterhof are accessible by sea via hydrofoils based near the Winter Palace in St.&nbsp;Petersburg. The palace is also accessed by road. Public transit and private van services make trips from Saint Petersburg.
The East and West Chinese Cabinets were decorated between ] and ] to exhibit objects of decorative art imported from the East. The walls were decorated with imitation Oriental patterns by Russian craftsmen, and hung with Chinese landscape paintings in yellow and black ].


The Upper Gardens are accessible, but entry to the Lower Gardens requires the purchase of tickets (not included in the boat fee for visitors arriving by hydrofoil). The palaces and grotto are accessible only as part of guided tours.
Another room, positioned at the center of the palace, bears the name of the Picture Hall. Its walls are almost entirely covered by a series of 368 paintings, mostly of variously dressed women, differing in appearance and even age, yet most were drawn from a single model. These were purchased in ] from the widow of the Italian artist P. Rotari, who died in St. Petersburg.


==Other features== ==Local government==
Petergof is a ] - an ] of St. Petersburg. Local self-government is carried out on the basis of the charter, which was adopted by the resolution of the municipal council of the municipal formation of the city of Petergof dated 5 November 2008 No. 54-n.
]
The Grand Palace is not the only historic royal building in Peterhof. The palaces of ] and ], as well as the pavilion known as the 'Hermitage', were all raised during the initial construction of Peterhof during the reign of Peter the Great. The Lower Gardens also contain a large greenhouse, and in the Alexandrine Park stands the palace of ].


The current body of local self-government - the Municipal Council - has been operating since 1998. As a result of the elections on 14 September 2014, a new composition of the fifth convocation was elected (out of 19 deputies: 18 from ] and 1 from the ]).
Like the Lower Gardens, the Upper contain many fountains, distributed among seven broad pools. The landscaping, though, is entirely different; the Lower Gardens are strictly ]. While a few of the fountains have curious sculpture, the waterworks themselves are comparatively unimpressive.


The head of the municipal district of Petergof (since 2019) is deputy of the Municipal Council Alexander Shifman.
==History==
In the time of ], the sea floor just north of the Peterhof site and to the east toward ] was too shallow for either commercial ships or warships. However, to the west of Peterhof, the sea floor dropped off to be deep enough for sea-going vessels. Accordingly, when Peter the Great decided to build St. Petersburg at the eastern end of the ], he first captured the ] clearly visible from the Peterhof site just to the northeast in the middle of the Gulf. At Kotlin Island he would build the commercial harbor for St. Petersburg as well as the ] fortifications across the 20 kilometers of shallow sea to provision and defend the Navy that he would build.


The executive body of local self-government is the local administration, headed by Tatyana Yegorova.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mo-petergof.spb.ru/ |title=Официальный сайт муниципального образования город Петергоф |trans-title=Official website of the municipal formation city of Petergof |publisher=www.mo-petergof.spb.ru |accessdate=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116115505/http://www.mo-petergof.spb.ru/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Peter the Great first mentions the Peterhof site in his journal in ], during the ], as a good place to construct a landing for use in traveling to and from the island fortress of ]. And in 1714, Peter began construction of the Monplaisir ("my pleasure") Palace based on his own sketches of the palace that he wanted close to the shoreline. This was Peter's Summer Palace that he would use on his way coming and going from Europe through the harbor at Kronstadt. On the walls of this seacoast palace hung hundreds of paintings that Peter brought from Europe and allowed to weather Russian winters without heat together with the dampness of being so close to the sea. And in the seaward corner of his Monplaisir Palace, Peter made his Maritime Study from which he could see Kronstadt Island to the left and St. Petersburg to the right. Later, he expanded his plans to include a vaster royal ] of palaces and gardens further inland, on the model of ]. Each of the tsars after Peter expanded on the inland palaces and gardens of Peterhof, but the major contributions by Peter the Great were completed by ]. Peter had also entertained plans of a similar palace at ], a short way to the east, but these plans were abandoned.


==Sister cities==
]<!-- <= this image was uploaded prior to the nc cutoff date- do not remove without discussion with "User:Leonard G." -->
*{{Flagicon|Germany}} ], ]
Peterhof originally appeared quite differently than it does today. Many of the fountains had not yet been installed. The entire Alexandrine Park and Upper Gardens didn't exist. (The latter was used to grow vegetables, and its ponds, then numbering only three, for fish.) The Samson Fountain and its massive pedestal had not yet been installed in the Sea Channel, and the channel itself was used as a grand marine entrance into the complex.
*{{Flagicon|France}} ], ]


Former sister cities:
Perhaps the most important change augmenting Peter's design was the elevation of the Grand Palace to central status and prominence. The Grand Palace was originally called simply 'Upper', and was hardly larger than any of the other structures of the complex. The addition of wings, undertaken between ] and ], was one of the many projects commissioned from the Italian architect ] by ]. Likewise, the Grand Cascade was more sparsely decorated when initially built.
*{{Flagicon|Poland}} ], ]


On 10 March 2022, the Polish town of Sopot terminated its partnership with Peterhof as a response to the ].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.zawszepomorze.pl/ukrainski-bialogrod-nad-dniestrem-nowym-miastem-partnerskim-sopotu |language=pl |title=Ukraińskie miasto nowym partnerem Sopotu? |access-date =13 March 2022}}</ref>
The augmentation of Peterhof's original fountains and the addition of new ones continued well into the ].


==References==
Peterhof, like ], was captured by ] troops in ] and held until ]. In the few months that elapsed between the outbreak of war in the west and the appearance of the German Army, employees were only able to save a portion of the treasures of the palaces and fountains. An attempt was made to dismantle and bury the fountain sculptures, but three-fourths, including all of the largest ones, remained in place. The occupying forces of the German Army deliberately vandalized Peterhof, particularly out of spite after the breaking of the ]. Many of the fountains were destroyed, and the palace was partially exploded and left to burn. Restoration work began almost immediately after the end of the war and continues to this day, largely with funds donated by Germany. It has progressed slowly, and is still not entirely complete.
{{Reflist|33em}}


*Vernova, N (2004). ''Peterhof: The Fountains''. St. Petersburg: Abris.
The name was changed to 'Petrodvoréts' ("Peter's Palace") in ] as a result of wartime anti-German sentiment and propaganda, but the original name was restored in ] by the post-] government of ].
*Vernova, N (2004). ''Peterhof: The Grand Palace''. St. Petersburg: Abris.


==External links==
In ], ] celebrated its 300th anniversary. As a result, much of the building and statuary in Peterhof has been restored and new, and shiney, ] abounds.
{{Commons|Peterhof}}
]
{{wikivoyage|Peterhof}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Peterhof}}


*
==Tourist information==
*
Peterhof is now again accessible by sea; ] boats depart from the ] in ], pass down the river ] and the ] coast, and dock at the mouth of the Sea Channel. The palace is also easily accessed by road. Public transit and private van services make regular trips from Petersburg.
*
*
*
* {{in lang|ru}}
*


==Further reading==
The Upper Gardens are freely accessible, but entry to the Lower Gardens requires the purchase of tickets (not included in the boat fee for visitors arriving by hydrofoil). The palaces and grotto are accessible only as part of guided tours. As at many tourist attractions in Russia, tickets for Russian nationals are discounted to around 10% of the price for foreigners. This means that locals can afford to, and do, use the sea front and beaches for summer relaxation and swimming.
*{{Cite book|author=King, Greg|title=The Court of the Last Tsar|location=Hoboken|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2006|type=hardback|isbn= 978-0-471-72763-7|pages=559 pages}}


{{Cities and towns under jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg}}
Hours are limited. Even during the summer tourist season, the Lower Gardens do not open until ten or eleven in the morning, and the fountains are shut off at five.
{{Administrative_divisions_of_Saint_Petersburg}}
{{Imperial palaces in Russia}}
{{Rastrelli}}
{{Saint Petersburg Navy structures}}


{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}
==See also==
*]

==References==
{{commons|Peterhof}}
* Vernova, N (2004). ''Peterhof: The Fountains''. St. Petersburg: Abris.
* Vernova, N (2004). ''Peterhof: The Grand Palace''. St. Petersburg: Abris.
]

==External links==
* in Russian and English showing the central Island of the ] fortifications and Naval yard that Peter the Great constructed across the shallow ] to control access by water to ] after his armed forces took the area from ] in 1703. Peter built Peterhof on the southern shore with a clear view of the Kronstadt fortifications and Naval yard.
*.
*. The ] Island harbor that Peter the Great built on what was ] is in the middle of the ]. The Kronstadt fortifications in shallow water stretch east and south from Kronstadt Island. Peterhof ("Petrodvorets" on this map) is southeast of Kronstadt Island on the shore. St. Petersburg is to the east on the River ].
*
*
*
* - The Great Peterhof Palace (article).
*

{{Cities and towns under jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg}}
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Latest revision as of 16:09, 20 October 2024

This article is about the municipal town under the jurisdiction of St. Petersburg, Russia. For the palace complex, see Peterhof Palace. Municipal town in Saint Petersburg, Russia
Peterhof Петергоф
Municipal town
Modern residential boroughs of Petergof at nightModern residential boroughs of Petergof at night
FlagFlagCoat of arms of PeterhofCoat of arms
Location of Petrodvortsovy District in Saint PetersburgLocation of Petrodvortsovy District in Saint Petersburg
Location of Peterhof
Peterhof is located in RussiaPeterhofPeterhofLocation of PeterhofShow map of RussiaPeterhof is located in Saint PetersburgPeterhofPeterhofPeterhof (Saint Petersburg)Show map of Saint Petersburg
Coordinates: 59°53′N 29°54′E / 59.883°N 29.900°E / 59.883; 29.900
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSaint Petersburg
Founded1711Edit this on Wikidata
Area
 • Total48.30 km (18.65 sq mi)
Population
 • Total73,199
 • Density1,500/km (3,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata)
Postal code(s)198510, 198516, 198517
Dialing code(s)+7 +7 812
OKTMO ID40395000

Petergof (Russian: Петерго́ф), known as Petrodvorets (Петродворец) from 1944 to 1997, is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland.

The town hosts one of two campuses of Saint Petersburg State University and the Petrodvorets Watch Factory, one of the leading Russian watch manufactures. A series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great and sometimes called the "Russian Versailles", is also situated there. The palace-ensemble along with the city center is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Peterhof Palace: the Samson Fountain and Sea Channel

Palaces, fountains, and gardens

Petergof is named after the Peterhof Grand Palace, a sixteen-meter-high bluff lying less than a hundred meters from the shore. The so-called Lower Gardens (Nizhny Sad), at 1.02 square kilometers (0.39 sq mi) comprising the better part of the palace complex land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly 200 meters (660 ft). The majority of Peterhof's fountains are contained here, as are several small palaces and outbuildings. East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandria Park with 19th-century Gothic Revival structures such as the Gothic Chapel.

Atop the bluff, near the middle of the Lower Gardens, stands the Grand Palace (Bolshoy Dvorets). To the south of it are the comparatively small Upper Gardens (Verkhny Sad). Upon the bluff's face below the Palace is the Grand Cascade (Bolshoy Kaskad). This and the Grand Palace are the centerpiece of the entire complex. At its foot begins the Sea Channel (Morskoy Kanal), one of the most extensive waterworks of the Baroque period, which bisects the Lower Gardens.

St. Petersburg State University

Besides the downtown campus, certain Saint Petersburg State University's schools and departments are located in Petergof:

  • Graduate School of Management's campus in Mikhailovka (under reconstruction)
  • Faculty of Biology and Soil Studies' research center in Sergievka (Leuchtenberg Palace)
  • Petrodvorets Complex including four faculties:
  • Applied Mathematics and Control Processes
  • Chemistry
  • Mathematics and Mechanics
  • Physics
  • seven research institutes:
  • Astronomy
  • Chemistry
  • Computational Mathematics and Control Processes
  • Laser Research
  • Mathematics and Mechanics
  • Radiophysics
  • Physics
  • as well as 12 dormitories and a number of infrastructure objects.

The Petrodvorets Complex dates back to 1960s when it was decided to copy best international practices and to construct a brand-new suburban campus for the University, which had a crucial need for new premises. However, the idea was said to be widely opposed by the faculty, who did not want to commute two hours a day, and as few as four faculties relocated to Petergof.

In the 1990s the number of students from other regions fell significantly, and the University sold many of its downtown dormitories. When the trend reversed, the need for housing made the University administration accommodate most students in Petergof, even those studying in downtown faculties, which has created certain tensions. Still, the idea of a suburban campus seems to be persistent, as the Government of the Russian Federation has decided to hand over the Mikhailovka estate to the University to reconstruct it and house the Graduate School of Management's campus.

Due to the extensive presence of research facilities, mainly belonging to St. Petersburg State University, Petergof was named a naukograd in 2005.

Petrodvorets Watch Factory

Russia's oldest factory was founded by Peter the Great in 1721 first as a lapidary plant to help in the construction of the Peterhof Palaces but also other Palaces in St. Petersburg. It started to produce equipment and parts for the watch industry in the 1920s. After World War II, the factory started to produce complete watches under the brand name Pobeda and from 1961 under the brand Raketa. in 1985 the factory had 7500 employees and was producing 5 million mechanical watches per year. Today, it is the last watch factory in Russia producing its own movements from A to Z, though the production is much smaller than it used to be.

Telegraph Station

Telegraph House, Alexandria Park

Transportation

The East Chapel, one of a pair flanking the central buildings

The town is served by three railway stations (Novy Petergof, Stary Petergof, and Universitet). The palaces of Peterhof are accessible by sea via hydrofoils based near the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. The palace is also accessed by road. Public transit and private van services make trips from Saint Petersburg.

The Upper Gardens are accessible, but entry to the Lower Gardens requires the purchase of tickets (not included in the boat fee for visitors arriving by hydrofoil). The palaces and grotto are accessible only as part of guided tours.

Local government

Petergof is a municipal entity - an intracity territory of the federal city of St. Petersburg. Local self-government is carried out on the basis of the charter, which was adopted by the resolution of the municipal council of the municipal formation of the city of Petergof dated 5 November 2008 No. 54-n.

The current body of local self-government - the Municipal Council - has been operating since 1998. As a result of the elections on 14 September 2014, a new composition of the fifth convocation was elected (out of 19 deputies: 18 from United Russia and 1 from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation).

The head of the municipal district of Petergof (since 2019) is deputy of the Municipal Council Alexander Shifman.

The executive body of local self-government is the local administration, headed by Tatyana Yegorova.

Sister cities

Former sister cities:

On 10 March 2022, the Polish town of Sopot terminated its partnership with Peterhof as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

References

  1. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  3. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  4. "Portal of St. Petersburg State University".
  5. "History of Petrodvorets Complex (in Russian)". Archived from the original on August 23, 2010. По первоначальному замыслу новый университетский городок, который планировалось построить южнее Старого Петергофа на участке в 666 га, должен был включить в себя все естественные и гуманитарные факультеты, их научно-исследовательские институты и остальные подразделения Университета. Но эта мечта оказалась слишком дорогостоящей, и тогда союзным правительством было принято решение о проектировании и строительстве в Петродворце в первую очередь трех естественных факультетов: физического, математико-механического и химического, вместе с их научно-исследовательскими институтами.
  6. "GSOM's campus in Mikhailovka (in Russian)".
  7. "Naukograd Petergof (in Russian)". Archived from the original on January 17, 2011.
  8. Documentary about the History of the Petrodvorets Watch Factory "Raketa", Russian with Eng subtitles.
  9. facts and articles about the History of the Petrodvorets Watch Factory "Raketa", in Russian and English.
  10. "Официальный сайт муниципального образования город Петергоф" [Official website of the municipal formation city of Petergof]. www.mo-petergof.spb.ru. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  11. "Ukraińskie miasto nowym partnerem Sopotu?" (in Polish). Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  • Vernova, N (2004). Peterhof: The Fountains. St. Petersburg: Abris.
  • Vernova, N (2004). Peterhof: The Grand Palace. St. Petersburg: Abris.

External links

Further reading

  • King, Greg (2006). The Court of the Last Tsar (hardback). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 559 pages. ISBN 978-0-471-72763-7.
Cities and towns under the jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg
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