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{{Short description|Queen of Portugal from 1282 to 1325, Catholic saint}}
{{Infobox Saint
|name=Saint Elizabeth of Aragon {{Other people|Isabella of Aragon}}
{{redirect|Saint Elizabeth of Portugal|the painting|Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (Zurbarán)}}
|birth_date=1271
{{Infobox royalty
|death_date=1336
| consort = yes
|feast_day=July 4
| name = Elizabeth
|venerated_in=
| succession = ]
|image= Mafra St.Elisabeth.jpg
| image = Retábulo da Rainha Santa Isabel, século XVI (Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro).png
|imagesize= 50px
|caption= St. Elizabeth of Aragon <br /> | caption = ''Queen Saint Elizabeth and the Miracle of the Roses''; {{circa}} 1540
| reign = 26 June 1282 – 7 January 1325
<small>Statue in the Church of the Mafra Palace, Portugal </small>
| spouse = ]
|birth_place=
| issue = ] <br />]
|death_place=
| house = ]
|titles=
| father = ]
|beatified_date=
| mother = ]
|beatified_place=
| birth_date = 4 January 1271
|beatified_by=
| birth_place = ], ], ]<ref name="Lives">"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year," edited by Hugo Hoever, New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1955, p.257</ref>
|canonized_date=
| death_date = 4 July {{death year and age|1336|1271}}
|canonized_place=
| death_place = ], ], ]
|canonized_by=
| burial_place = {{plainlist|
|attributes=
* Convent of Santa Clara, Coimbra (until the 17th century)
|patronage=
* ] (since the 17th century)
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
|prayer=
|prayer_attrib=
}} }}
| religion = ]
{{House of Barcelona}}
}}
'''St. Elisabeth of Aragon''' (]&ndash;], ]) (''Elisabet'' in ], ''Isabel'' in ]) was queen consort of ] and is, like her great-aunt St. ] who had been canonized in 1235 for her miracles in the Holy Roman Empire, a ] of the ]. She is also known as ''Rainha Santa Isabel'' in ] (''Queen Saint Elisabeth'').
'''Elizabeth of Portugal''' (''Elisabet'' in ], ''Isabel'' in ], ] and ]; 1271 – 4 July 1336), also known as '''Elizabeth of Aragon''', was ] from 1282 to 1325 as the wife of ]. She is venerated as a ] in the ], under the name '''Saint Elizabeth of Portugal''' or '''Queen Saint Elizabeth''' (''Rainha Santa Isabel'' in Portuguese).

== Family and early life ==
], the ''Farmer King'', and Queen Elizabeth of Portugal|360x360px]]
Born in 1271 into the royal house of Aragon,<ref name=Foley/> Elizabeth was the daughter of Infante Peter and his wife Constance of Sicily (later King ] and Queen ], and the sister of three kings: ] and ] and ].{{sfn|Previte-Orton|1960|p=825}}

She was a great-niece and namesake of ], the original source of the ], often depicted in art. Like her great-aunt, she became a member of the ].

Elizabeth was educated very piously, and led a life of strict regularity from her childhood: she said the full Divine Office daily, fasted and did other penances.<ref name=Catholic/>


==Marriage== ==Marriage==
Elizabeth's marriage to King ] was arranged in 1282 when she was 11 years old,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/56521/2/baqueromorenorelacoes000131382.pdf|title= Relações entre os Reinos Peninsulares (1290-1330)|last= Baquero Moreno|first= Humberto|date= 1997|access-date= 18 April 2024|page= 30}}</ref> receiving the towns of ], ] and ] as part of her ].<ref name="Rocambolescas">João Ferreira (2010), p.30</ref> It was only in 1288 that the wedding was celebrated, when Denis was 26 years old, while Elizabeth was 17.{{sfn|Previte-Orton|1960|p=825}}<ref name=Rocambolescas/> ], a poet and statesman, was known as the ''Farmer King'', because he planted a large pine forest near ] to prevent the ] that threatened the region.<ref name="Livermore2004">{{cite book|author=H. V. Livermore|title=Portugal: A Traveller's History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Cd0bKhByz8C&pg=PA15|year=2004|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-063-4|page=15}}</ref>


Elizabeth quietly pursued the regular religious practices of her youth and was devoted to the poor and sick. Such a life was taken as a reproach to many around her and caused ill will in some quarters.<ref name=Catholic/> Eventually, her prayer and patience succeeded in converting her husband, who had been leading a sinful life of adultery.<ref name=SHMI>{{cite book|author=Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI|title=My First Book of Saints|year=1997|publisher=Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications|isbn=971-91595-4-5|pages=142–143|chapter=St. Elizabeth of Portugal}}</ref>
She showed an early enthusiasm for religion: she said the full Divine Office daily, fasted and did other penances, and attended twice daily choral masses.


Elizabeth took an active interest in Portuguese politics and was a decisive conciliator during the negotiations concerning the ], signed by Denis and Fernando IV of Castile in 1297 (which fixed the borders between the two countries). In 1304, the Queen and Denis returned to Spain to arbitrate between ] and James II of Aragon, brother of Elizabeth.<ref name=Rocambolescas/>
Elizabeth was married very early to ], a poet, and known as ''Rei Lavrador'', or the farmer king, because he planted a large pine forest, near ]. The wood from these trees would later be used to make the boats during ]. Elizabeth quietly pursued the regular religious practices of her maidenhood, and was devoted to the poor and sick. Naturally, such a life was a reproach to many around her, and caused ill will in some quarters. A popular story is told of how her husband's jealousy was roused by an evil-speaking page; of how he condemned the queen's supposed guilty accomplice to a cruel death; and was finally convinced of her innocence by the strange accidental substitution of her accuser for the intended victim.


She had two children, a daughter named ], who married King ] and a son named Afonso (who later became King ]).<ref name="FarmerFarmer2011">{{cite book|author1=David Farmer|author2=David Hugh Farmer|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zJJtvK2_KsC&pg=PA143|date=14 April 2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-959660-7|page=143}}</ref>]Elizabeth would serve as intermediary between her husband and Afonso, during the Civil War between 1322 and 1324. The '']'' greatly resented the king, whom he accused of favoring the king's illegitimate son, ]. Denis was prevented from killing his son through the intervention of the Queen, when she, in 1323, mounted on a mule, positioned herself between both opposing armies on the field of Alvalade in order to prevent the combat. Peace returned in 1324, once the illegitimate son was sent into exile, and the ''Infante'' swore loyalty to the king.<ref name=Rocambolescas/>
They had two children, a daughter Constance, who married ], and a son Afonso (later ]). The latter so greatly resented the favours shown to the king's illegitimate sons that he rebelled, and in ] war was declared between him and his father. Elisabeth, however, reconciled her husband and son, and is known in consequence as the "peacemaker".


==Dowager Queen== ==Dowager Queen==
After Denis' death in 1325, Elizabeth retired to the ] of the ], now known as the ] (which she had founded in 1314) in ]. She joined the ], devoting the rest of her life to the poor and sick in obscurity.<ref name=SHMI/><ref name=Catholic/> During the great ] in 1293, she donated flour from her cellars to the starving in Coimbra. She was also known for being modest in her dress and humble in conversation, for providing lodging for pilgrims, distributing small gifts, paying the dowries of poor girls, and educating the children of poor nobles. She was a benefactor of various hospitals (Coimbra, Santarém and Leiria) and of religious projects (such as the Trinity Convent in Lisbon, chapels in Leiria and Óbidos, and the ] in ]).<ref name="Rocambolescas/">João Ferreira (2010), p.31</ref>


Denis died in ], his son succeeding him. Elisabeth then retired to a convent of the ] which she had founded at ], where she took the habit of the ], wishing to devote the rest of her life to the poor and sick in obscurity. But she was called forth to act once more as peacemaker. In ] Afonso IV marched his troops against the ], to whom he had married his daughter Maria, and who had neglected and ill-treated her. In spite of age and weakness, the queen dowager insisted on hurrying to ], where the two kings' armies were drawn up. She again stopped the fighting and caused terms of peace to be arranged. But the exertion brought on her final illness; and as soon as her mission was fulfilled she died of a fever on July 8, 1336. She was called to act once more as a peacemaker in 1336, when Afonso IV marched his troops against King ], his nephew, to whom he had married his daughter ], and who had neglected and ill-treated her. In spite of age and weakness, the Queen-dowager insisted on hurrying to ], where the two kings' armies were drawn up. She again stopped the fighting and caused terms of peace to be arranged. But the exertion brought on her final illness.<ref name=Catholic>{{Catholic|last=Capes|first=Florence|title=St. Elizabeth of Portugal|volume=5|year=1909|inline=1}}</ref> As soon as her mission was completed, she took to her bed with a fever from which she died on 4 July, in the castle of Estremoz. She earned the title of ''Peacemaker'' on account of her efficacy in solving disputes.<ref name=SHMI />


Although Denis' tomb was located in ], Elizabeth was buried in the Convent of Santa Clara in Coimbra,<ref name=Foley/> in a magnificent ] sarcophagus. After frequent flooding by the ] in the 17th century, the Poor Clares moved her mortal remains to the ] (also in Coimbra). Her body was transferred to the main chapel, where it was buried in a sarcophagus of silver and crystal.<ref></ref>
Elizabeth was buried at ], and miracles were said to have followed her death. She was canonized by ] in ], and her feast is kept on July 8 on the traditional Catholic calendar and on the 4th of July on the new calendar.


==Sainthood==
==Family and Ancestors==
{{Infobox saint
She was named after her great-aunt St. ], but is known in ] by "Isabel". She was a younger sister of ] and ]. She was also an older sister of ].
| honorific_prefix = ]

| name = Elizabeth of Portugal, T.O.S.F.
<br>
| image = Santa Isabel de Portugal.jpg
{{3gen|
| imagesize = 170
SLF=Elizabeth of Aragon|
| caption = Portrait by ], {{circa|1640}}
FAT=]|
| titles = Widow, Those who work for the Underprivileged
FAF=]|
| honored_in = ]
FFF=]|
| beatified_date = 1516
FFM=]|
| beatified_place = ],
FAM=]|
| beatified_by = ]
FMF=]|
| canonized_date = 24 June 1626
FMM=]|
| canonized_place = Papal States,
MOT=]|
| canonized_by = ]
MOF=]|
| major_shrine =
MFF=]|
| feast_day = 4 July; 5 July (United States), 8 July for Tridentine Rite
MFM=]|
| attributes = ], ], holding a bunch of roses
MOM=]|
| patronage = Peacemakers, ]
MMF=]|
MMM=]|
}} }}
]]]
She was ] in 1516 and ] by ] on 24 June 1626.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabetta (Isabella) di Portogallo |url=http://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/elisabetta-isabella-di-portogallo.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.causesanti.va |language=it}}</ref> Her feast was then inserted into the ] for celebration on 4 July. In 1694 ] moved her feast to 8 July, so it would not conflict with the celebration of the ] of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles.<ref>"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 96</ref> In 1955, ] abolished this octave.<ref>]</ref> The 1962 Roman Missal changed the rank of the feast from "Double" to "Third-Class Feast".<ref>]</ref> The ] of the Calendar classified the celebration as an optional ] and restored it to 4 July. Her feast is also kept on the Franciscan ]. Since the establishment in 1819 of the ] (], Spain. Elizabeth is the co-patron of the diocese and of its ] pursuant to the ] issued by ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lorenzo Lima|first=J.|title = Patrimonio e historia de la antigua Catedral de La Laguna| url= https://www.academia.edu/16839138|publisher =Diocesis of San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Government of the Canary Islands, et al|year= 2013|language=ES| isbn =978-84-7947-625-0}}</ref>
In the United States her memorial has been transferred to 5 July since 4 July is the date of the independence of that nation, a national holiday.


Elizabeth is often depicted in royal garb with a dove or an olive branch, usually holding a bunch of roses in her skirt or in the ] of her ].<ref name=Foley></ref>


==Legacy==
{{start box}}
Elizabeth was the original namesake of ] in ]'s ],<ref>{{citation |last=De la Fuente |first=Vicente |lang=es |title=] '''' |date=1744 |publisher= |location=Madrid }}.</ref> although this was later emended to Isabela Island on the ] of ]'s ], changing its eponym to ] of ].
{{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=] - ]}}

{{end box}}
She was the subject of a 1947 Portuguese-Spanish film, '']'', in which she was played by ]. In Portuguese popular culture, she is commonly associated with a "]". The young adult ] novel ''A Curse of Roses'' by Portuguese author Diana Pinguicha retells her story as a princess who can turn food into flowers and falls for an ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pinguicha|first=Diana|date=2020-10-14|title=Read an Excerpt From A Curse of Roses|url=https://www.tor.com/2020/10/14/read-an-excerpt-from-a-curse-of-roses/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Tor.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=M·Books·December 1|first1=Emily|last2=Read|first2=2020·3 Min|date=2020-11-30|title=Review: A Curse of Roses by Diana Pinguicha|url=https://www.thenerddaily.com/review-a-curse-of-roses-by-diana-pinguicha/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Nerd Daily|language=en-AU}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
*{{catholic}} {{Reflist|2}}

Montalembert, Comte de "St.Elisabeth of Thuringia", (1836) New York: D&J Sadler& Co.
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
{{Commons category|Elizabeth of Aragon, Queen of Portugal}}
* , ''Butler's Lives of the Saints''
* {{cite book|title=Histórias Rocambolescas da História de Portugal|first=João|last=Ferreira|trans-title=Fantastic Stories of the History of Portugal|edition=6|publisher=A Esfera dos Livros|location=Lisbon, Portugal|year=2010|language=pt|isbn=978-989-626-216-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year|editor-first=Hugo H.|editor-last=Hoever|location=New York, New York|publisher=Catholic Book Publishing Co.|year=1955|pages=511|oclc=10070602}}
* {{cite book|last=Rodrigues Oliveira|first= Ana|title= Rainhas medievais de Portugal. Dezassete mulheres, duas dinastias, quatro séculos de História|trans-title=Medieval Queens of Portugal: Seventeen women, two dynasties, four centuries of history |chapter= Isabel de Aragão (1270–1336). A Rainha Santa|language= pt |publisher= A esfera dos livros |location = Lisbon| year= 2010|isbn= 978-989-626-261-7}}
* {{cite book |title=The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History |first=C.W. |last=Previte-Orton |volume=II: The twelfth century to the Renaissance |publisher=Cambridge at the University Press |year=1960 |page=825}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*

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{{Portuguese consorts}}

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Latest revision as of 19:34, 17 December 2024

Queen of Portugal from 1282 to 1325, Catholic saint For other people named Isabella of Aragon, see Isabella of Aragon (disambiguation). "Saint Elizabeth of Portugal" redirects here. For the painting, see Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (Zurbarán).
Elizabeth
Queen Saint Elizabeth and the Miracle of the Roses; c. 1540
Queen consort of Portugal
Tenure26 June 1282 – 7 January 1325
Born4 January 1271
Aljafería Palace, Zaragoza, Kingdom of Aragon
Died4 July 1336 (aged 64–65)
Castle of Estremoz, Alentejo, Kingdom of Portugal
Burial
SpouseDenis, King of Portugal
IssueConstança, Queen of Castile
Afonso IV, King of Portugal
HouseHouse of Barcelona
FatherPeter III of Aragon
MotherConstance II of Sicily
ReligionRoman Catholic

Elizabeth of Portugal (Elisabet in Catalan, Isabel in Aragonese, Portuguese and Spanish; 1271 – 4 July 1336), also known as Elizabeth of Aragon, was Queen of Portugal from 1282 to 1325 as the wife of King Denis. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, under the name Saint Elizabeth of Portugal or Queen Saint Elizabeth (Rainha Santa Isabel in Portuguese).

Family and early life

King Denis of Portugal, the Farmer King, and Queen Elizabeth of Portugal

Born in 1271 into the royal house of Aragon, Elizabeth was the daughter of Infante Peter and his wife Constance of Sicily (later King Peter III of Aragón and Queen Constance II of Sicily, and the sister of three kings: Alfonso III and James II of Aragon and Frederick III of Sicily.

She was a great-niece and namesake of Elizabeth of Hungary, the original source of the miracle of the roses, often depicted in art. Like her great-aunt, she became a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis.

Elizabeth was educated very piously, and led a life of strict regularity from her childhood: she said the full Divine Office daily, fasted and did other penances.

Marriage

Elizabeth's marriage to King Denis of Portugal was arranged in 1282 when she was 11 years old, receiving the towns of Óbidos, Abrantes and Porto de Mós as part of her dowry. It was only in 1288 that the wedding was celebrated, when Denis was 26 years old, while Elizabeth was 17. Denis, a poet and statesman, was known as the Farmer King, because he planted a large pine forest near Leiria to prevent the soil degradation that threatened the region.

Elizabeth quietly pursued the regular religious practices of her youth and was devoted to the poor and sick. Such a life was taken as a reproach to many around her and caused ill will in some quarters. Eventually, her prayer and patience succeeded in converting her husband, who had been leading a sinful life of adultery.

Elizabeth took an active interest in Portuguese politics and was a decisive conciliator during the negotiations concerning the Treaty of Alcañices, signed by Denis and Fernando IV of Castile in 1297 (which fixed the borders between the two countries). In 1304, the Queen and Denis returned to Spain to arbitrate between Fernando IV of Castile and James II of Aragon, brother of Elizabeth.

She had two children, a daughter named Constance, who married King Ferdinand IV of Castile and a son named Afonso (who later became King Afonso IV of Portugal).

Queen Elizabeth, mounted on a mule, prevents a civil war in 1323, on the field of Alvalade

Elizabeth would serve as intermediary between her husband and Afonso, during the Civil War between 1322 and 1324. The Infante greatly resented the king, whom he accused of favoring the king's illegitimate son, Afonso Sanches. Denis was prevented from killing his son through the intervention of the Queen, when she, in 1323, mounted on a mule, positioned herself between both opposing armies on the field of Alvalade in order to prevent the combat. Peace returned in 1324, once the illegitimate son was sent into exile, and the Infante swore loyalty to the king.

Dowager Queen

After Denis' death in 1325, Elizabeth retired to the monastery of the Poor Clare nuns, now known as the Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha (which she had founded in 1314) in Coimbra. She joined the Third Order of St. Francis, devoting the rest of her life to the poor and sick in obscurity. During the great famine in 1293, she donated flour from her cellars to the starving in Coimbra. She was also known for being modest in her dress and humble in conversation, for providing lodging for pilgrims, distributing small gifts, paying the dowries of poor girls, and educating the children of poor nobles. She was a benefactor of various hospitals (Coimbra, Santarém and Leiria) and of religious projects (such as the Trinity Convent in Lisbon, chapels in Leiria and Óbidos, and the cloister in Alcobaça).

She was called to act once more as a peacemaker in 1336, when Afonso IV marched his troops against King Alfonso XI of Castile, his nephew, to whom he had married his daughter Maria, and who had neglected and ill-treated her. In spite of age and weakness, the Queen-dowager insisted on hurrying to Estremoz, where the two kings' armies were drawn up. She again stopped the fighting and caused terms of peace to be arranged. But the exertion brought on her final illness. As soon as her mission was completed, she took to her bed with a fever from which she died on 4 July, in the castle of Estremoz. She earned the title of Peacemaker on account of her efficacy in solving disputes.

Although Denis' tomb was located in Odivelas, Elizabeth was buried in the Convent of Santa Clara in Coimbra, in a magnificent Gothic sarcophagus. After frequent flooding by the Mondego River in the 17th century, the Poor Clares moved her mortal remains to the Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Nova (also in Coimbra). Her body was transferred to the main chapel, where it was buried in a sarcophagus of silver and crystal.

Sainthood

Saint
Elizabeth of Portugal, T.O.S.F.
Portrait by Francisco de Zurbarán, c. 1640
Widow, Those who work for the Underprivileged
Honored inCatholic Church
Beatified1516, Papal States, by Pope Leo X
Canonized24 June 1626, Papal States, by Pope Urban VIII
Feast4 July; 5 July (United States), 8 July for Tridentine Rite
AttributesOlive Branch, Dove, holding a bunch of roses
PatronagePeacemakers, Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna
Portrait by José Gil de Castro

She was beatified in 1516 and canonized by Pope Urban VIII on 24 June 1626. Her feast was then inserted into the General Roman Calendar for celebration on 4 July. In 1694 Pope Innocent XII moved her feast to 8 July, so it would not conflict with the celebration of the Octave of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles. In 1955, Pope Pius XII abolished this octave. The 1962 Roman Missal changed the rank of the feast from "Double" to "Third-Class Feast". The 1969 revision of the Calendar classified the celebration as an optional memorial and restored it to 4 July. Her feast is also kept on the Franciscan Calendar of Saints. Since the establishment in 1819 of the Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain. Elizabeth is the co-patron of the diocese and of its cathedral pursuant to the papal bull issued by Pope Pius VII. In the United States her memorial has been transferred to 5 July since 4 July is the date of the independence of that nation, a national holiday.

Elizabeth is often depicted in royal garb with a dove or an olive branch, usually holding a bunch of roses in her skirt or in the scapular of her religious habit.

Legacy

Elizabeth was the original namesake of Santa Isabela Island in Ecuador's Galapagos Islands, although this was later emended to Isabela Island on the quadricentennial of Columbus's first voyage, changing its eponym to Isabella I of Castile.

She was the subject of a 1947 Portuguese-Spanish film, The Holy Queen, in which she was played by Maruchi Fresno. In Portuguese popular culture, she is commonly associated with a "miracle of the roses". The young adult historical fantasy novel A Curse of Roses by Portuguese author Diana Pinguicha retells her story as a princess who can turn food into flowers and falls for an Enchanted Moura.

References

  1. "Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year," edited by Hugo Hoever, New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1955, p.257
  2. ^ Foley, Leonard. "St. Elizabeth of Portugal", Saint of the Day, Franciscan Media
  3. ^ Previte-Orton 1960, p. 825.
  4. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainCapes, Florence (1909). "St. Elizabeth of Portugal". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. Baquero Moreno, Humberto (1997). "Relações entre os Reinos Peninsulares (1290-1330)" (PDF). p. 30. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  6. ^ João Ferreira (2010), p.30
  7. H. V. Livermore (2004). Portugal: A Traveller's History. Boydell Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-84383-063-4.
  8. ^ Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Elizabeth of Portugal". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 142–143. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
  9. David Farmer; David Hugh Farmer (14 April 2011). The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised. OUP Oxford. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-19-959660-7.
  10. João Ferreira (2010), p.31
  11. "Mosteiro de Santa Clara-a-Nova", Patrimonial Cultural
  12. "Elisabetta (Isabella) di Portogallo". www.causesanti.va (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-03-13.
  13. "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 96
  14. General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
  15. 3rd Class
  16. Lorenzo Lima, J. (2013). Patrimonio e historia de la antigua Catedral de La Laguna (in Spanish). Diocesis of San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Government of the Canary Islands, et al. ISBN 978-84-7947-625-0.
  17. De la Fuente, Vicente (1744), Nueva y Correcta Carta del Mar Pacifico ó del Sur... (in Spanish), Madrid.
  18. Pinguicha, Diana (2020-10-14). "Read an Excerpt From A Curse of Roses". Tor.com. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  19. M·Books·December 1, Emily; Read, 2020·3 Min (2020-11-30). "Review: A Curse of Roses by Diana Pinguicha". The Nerd Daily. Retrieved 2021-01-28.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Bibliography

  • "Saint Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal", Butler's Lives of the Saints
  • Ferreira, João (2010). Histórias Rocambolescas da História de Portugal [Fantastic Stories of the History of Portugal] (in Portuguese) (6 ed.). Lisbon, Portugal: A Esfera dos Livros. ISBN 978-989-626-216-7.
  • Hoever, Hugo H., ed. (1955). Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year. New York, New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co. p. 511. OCLC 10070602.
  • Rodrigues Oliveira, Ana (2010). "Isabel de Aragão (1270–1336). A Rainha Santa". Rainhas medievais de Portugal. Dezassete mulheres, duas dinastias, quatro séculos de História [Medieval Queens of Portugal: Seventeen women, two dynasties, four centuries of history] (in Portuguese). Lisbon: A esfera dos livros. ISBN 978-989-626-261-7.
  • Previte-Orton, C.W. (1960). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. II: The twelfth century to the Renaissance. Cambridge at the University Press. p. 825.

External links

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Preceded byBeatrice of Castile Queen consort of Portugal
1282–1325
Succeeded byBeatrice of Castile
Infantas of Aragon
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2nd generation
  • none
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4th generation
5th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
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  • *also a princess of Majorca
  • **also a princess of Sicily
Royal consorts of Portugal
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