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Revision as of 06:25, 22 November 2022 editAkash6542 (talk | contribs)3 edits Red Cab 24Hrs is an Indian company.Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit Latest revision as of 16:48, 22 December 2024 edit undo63.225.204.117 (talk) Undid revision because the cited sources include a 2011 interview of Kalanick showing him saying that the "airbnb of rides" was illegal (Wingz at the time) and in Kalanick's white paper published on April 12, 2013 he admitted that he was now copying the recently legalized ridesharing companies, of which Wingz was the first 1263853967 by Ultra 348 (talk)Tag: Undo 
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{{Short description|American vehicle for hire, freight, food delivery, courier, and parcel delivery company}} {{Short description|American ridesharing and delivery company}}
{{Other uses|Über|Uber (disambiguation)}} {{Other uses|Über{{!}}''Über''|Uber (disambiguation)}}
{{Pp-pc1}} {{Pp-pc1}}
{{Confusing|date=July 2022|reason=the article assumes prior knowledge. Is it a taxi? Do drivers hold a taxi permit? Are they insured? How is it different from a regular taxi?}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2016}} {{Use American English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox company {{Infobox company
| name = Uber Technologies, Inc. | name = Uber Technologies, Inc.
| logo = Uber logo 2018.svg | logo = ]
| image = Uber offices, Mission Bay (July 2020) -2.jpg | image = Uber offices, Mission Bay (July 2020) -2.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters in San Francisco (2020) | image_caption = Headquarters in ]
| former_name = Ubercab (2009–2011) | former_name = Ubercab (2009–2011)
| type = ] | type = ]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|UBER}} |] component}} | traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|UBER}}|] component|] component}}
| industry = {{ubl|] |]}} | industry = {{ubl|] |]}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|2009|3}} | founded = {{Start date and age|2009|3}}
| founders = {{ubl|] |]}} | founders = {{ubl|] |]}}
| hq_location = ], U.S. | hq_location = {{nowrap|], U.S.}}
| area_served = Approximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities | area_served = 70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|] (])|] (])}} | key_people = {{Unbulleted list|] (])|] (])}}
| services = {{Unbulleted list|]|]|]|]}}
| products = ], ]
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|37.281|link=yes}} billion (2023)}}
| services = {{Unbulleted list|]|]|]|]|]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|17.46|link=yes}} billion (2021)}} | operating_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|1.110}} billion (2023)}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} −US${{color|red|3.83}} billion (2021)}} | net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|1.887}} billion (2023)}}
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} −US${{color|red|0.50}} billion (2021)}} | assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$38.699 billion (2023)}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$38.77 billion (2021)}} | equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$12.028 billion (2023)}}
| num_employees = 30,400 (2023)
| equity = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$12.27 billion (2021)}}
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list|] (2020–2023)|Cornershop|] (2021–2024)|]|] (2022-2024)|]}}
| num_employees = 29,300 (2021)
| footnotes = <ref name=10KFeb2024>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1543151/000154315124000012/uber-20231231.htm | title=Uber Technologies, Inc. 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=] |date=February 15, 2024}}</ref>
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list|]|]|Cornershop|]|]|]}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.uber.com}} | website = {{URL|https://uber.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1543151/000154315122000008/uber-20211231.htm | title=Uber Technologies, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=]}}</ref>
}} }}
]
] neighborhood of San Francisco]]
]]]
]


'''Uber Technologies, Inc.''' is an American multinational ] company that provides ], ] services, ], and ].<ref name=10KFeb2024/> It is headquartered in ], California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide.<ref name=10KFeb2024/> It is the largest ] worldwide with over 150 million monthly ] and 6 million active drivers and couriers. It facilitates an average of 28 million trips per day and has facilitated 47 billion trips since its inception in 2010.<ref name="results">{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240207898706/en/Uber-Announces-Results-for-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2023 |title=Uber Announces Results for Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 |publisher=] |date=February 7, 2024 }}</ref> In 2023, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 28.7% for mobility services and 18.3% for food delivery.<ref name=results/>
'''Uber Technologies, Inc. '''('''Uber'''), based in ], provides ], ] (allowing users to book a car and driver to transport them in a way similar to a ]), ] (] and ]), ], ]s, and ]ation.<ref name=freight/> Via partnerships with other operators such as ] (boats) and ] (]s and ]s), users are also able to book other modes of transport through the Uber platform in some locations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uber.com/us/en/ride/ride-options/ | title=Uber Ride Options | publisher=Uber}}</ref> Uber sets fares, which vary using a ] model based on local ] at the time of the booking and are quoted to the customer in advance, and receives a ] from each booking.<ref>{{cite web | title=Uber's upfront pricing, explained | url=https://www.uber.com/us/en/ride/how-it-works/upfront-pricing/ | publisher=Uber}}</ref> It had operations in approximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities as of December 31, 2021.<ref name=10K/>


Uber classifies its drivers as ] or ], which has drawn criticism and legal challenges because it allows the company to withhold ] that it would have been required to provide to employees.<ref name=":02">{{cite news |last=Sainato |first=Michael |date=August 27, 2021 |title='I don't like being treated like crap': gig workers aim to retool a system they say is rigged |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/aug/27/gig-workers-massachusetts-lawsuit-independent-contractor-status |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031160651/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/aug/27/gig-workers-massachusetts-lawsuit-independent-contractor-status |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |work=]}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite news |last=Luna |first=Taryn |date=November 4, 2020 |title=California voters approve Prop. 22, allowing Uber and Lyft drivers to remain independent contractors |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-11-03/2020-california-election-tracking-prop-22 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104231140/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-11-03/2020-california-election-tracking-prop-22 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |work=]}}</ref> Studies have shown that, especially in cities where it competes with ], Uber contributes to ], reduces public transport use, has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership, and increases ].<ref name="BI congestion"/><ref name="Verge congestion"/><ref name="WSJ congestion"/> Other ] include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring/evading local regulations. Some of these conducts were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of ].
Uber offers many different types of ride options. UberX is the most popular<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-12 |title=Uber Car Types: Simply Explained (With Photos) |url=https://carcody.com/uber-car-types/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> and the standard service of the company. UberXL, Uber Comfort, and Uber Black are other options offered by the company. UberXL cars are usually ]-sized vehicles that can accommodate 6 passengers.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=A Newbie's Guide to Uber's Different Ride Types and Options |url=https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/uber-ride-types-options/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=www.makeuseof.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Uber's premium service is Uber Black. Uber Black drivers have to be highly rated<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uber Black |url=https://www.uber.com/us/en/ride/uberblack/|access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Uber}}</ref> and drive more luxurious vehicles than UberX and UberXL. Uber Comfort guarantees a newer vehicle with more leg room.<ref name="auto"/>

In the second quarter of 2022, Uber had 122 million monthly ] worldwide and generated an average of 21 million trips per day.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220802005182/en/Uber-Announces-Results-for-Second-Quarter-2022 | title=Uber Announces Results for Second Quarter 2022 | publisher=] | date=August 2, 2022}}</ref> In the United States, as of May 2022, Uber had a 72% market share for ride-sharing<ref>{{cite web | url=https://secondmeasure.com/datapoints/rideshare-industry-overview/ | title=Rideshare Industry Overview | date=June 15, 2022 | publisher=Second Measure}}</ref> and a 27% market share for food delivery.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://secondmeasure.com/datapoints/food-delivery-services-grubhub-uber-eats-doordash-postmates/ |title=Which company is winning the restaurant food delivery war? |date=June 15, 2022 | publisher=Second Measure}}</ref> Uber has been so prominent in the ] that ] of ] using ]s has been referred to as ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/mental-health-services-depression-therapy-b1931739.html | title=The 'Uberisation' of mental health services is a threat to our wellbeing | first=Elizabeth | last=Cotton | work=] | date=October 5, 2021}}</ref> and several startups have described their offerings as "Uber for X".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/03/what-happened-uber-x-companies/584236/ | title=The Servant Economy | first=Alexis C. | last=Madrigal | work=] | date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year since 2014 except for 2018,<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.businessofapps.com/data/uber-statistics/ |title=Uber Revenue and Usage Statistics (2022) |website=Business of Apps |date=August 10, 2017 |access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://advisortools.zacks.com/Research/Stocks/UBER/DetailedFinancials |title=Uber Technologies (UBER) – Detailed Financial Statements |website=Zacks.com |access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses.<ref>{{citation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/11/uber-global-exits-billions/ |title=Uber has already made billions from its exits in China, Russia and Southeast Asia |author=Jon Russell |date=April 12, 2019 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>

Like similar companies, Uber has been criticized for the treatment of its drivers as ]s and ]s, disruption of ] businesses, and an increase in ]. The company has been criticized for various unethical practices—many revealed by a massive document leak in July 2022—and for ignoring local regulations. Uber is ] and the company has been banned in several countries.
{{toclimit|3}}

Redcab24hrs is a platform where you can book any cab you like. This is a rising company with numerous associates. Redcab24hrs have served many IT companies, hotels, local organizations and individuals as well. Redcab24hrs have spread its branches starting from the core city Pune to cities like Mumbai, Shirdi, Nashik, Kolhapur, Satara, Karad, and many more to the count of 150 cities across India.

Redcab24hrs was established with a motive of creating a dense network for taxi searcher and taxi drivers. Redcab24hrs is working efficiently to grow this network and let every cab-needy to make it up to us. Redcab24hrs provides a range of cabs as per the various requirements of our customers starting from Hatchback, Sedan, SUVs, MUVs, Auto-rickshaws, etc. Redcab24hrs aims to provide clean and hygienic cabs in the service of our customers. Redcab24hrs provides professional drivers and prompt pickups and drops.

Redcab24hrs was founded by Sanjeevani Mandve (Female Business Owner) in Jan 2015 with a mission to ease travel and use convenient methods such as cabs.

Sanjeevani Mandve is the founder of Redcab24hrs, a car rental service provider platform serving 150 cities across India. With the mission of providing doorstep cab services for people, she started Redcab24hrs in 2015. Her attempt of easing travel has now grabbed the right path and is on its way to make the sky its limit. (Images to be uploaded.)

https://redcab24hrs.com/


==History== ==History==
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], former CEO of Uber, in 2013]] ], former CEO of Uber, in 2013]]


In 2009, Uber was founded as Ubercab by ], a computer programmer and the co-founder of ], and ], who sold his ] startup for $19 million in 2007.<ref name=innovation>{{cite news | url=https://www.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/2016-garrett-camp-uber/ | title=Co-founding Uber made Calgary-born Garrett Camp a billionaire | first=Alec | last=Scott | work=] | date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> In 2009, ], a co-founder of ], came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and ] had spent $800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding a ] on a snowy night in Paris.<ref name=innovation>{{cite news | url=https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/2016-garrett-camp-uber/ | title=Co-founding Uber made Calgary-born Garrett Camp a billionaire | first=Alec | last=Scott | work=] | date=November 19, 2015 | access-date=February 7, 2023 | archive-date=June 5, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605231341/https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/2016-garrett-camp-uber/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Hail>{{cite news | title=All Hail The Uber Man! How Sharp-Elbowed Salesman Travis Kalanick Became Silicon Valley's Newest Star | first=Alyson | last=Shontell | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-travis-kalanick-bio-2014-1 | work=] | date=January 11, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908170324/https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-travis-kalanick-bio-2014-1 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The prototype of the ] was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.<ref name=Hail/>

After Camp and his friends spent $800 hiring a private driver, he wanted to find a way to reduce the cost of direct transportation. He realized that sharing the cost with people could make it affordable, and his idea morphed into Uber. Kalanick joined Camp and gives him "full credit for the idea" of Uber.<ref name=BI-2014/> The prototype was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.<ref name=BI-2014/>


In February 2010, ] became the first Uber employee; he was named ] (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the ].<ref name=":0">{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/14/profile-of-ubers-ryan-graves.html | title=How Ryan Graves became Uber's first CEO | first=Anita | last=Balakrishnan | work=] | date=August 10, 2017}}</ref>
In February 2010, ] became the first Uber employee, receiving the job by responding to a post on ]. Graves started out as general manager and was named ] shortly after the launch.<ref name="BI-2014">{{cite news | title=All Hail The Uber Man! How Sharp-Elbowed Salesman Travis Kalanick Became Silicon Valley's Newest Star | first=Alyson | last=Shontell | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-travis-kalanick-bio-2014-1 | work=] | date=January 11, 2014 | access-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908170324/https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-travis-kalanick-bio-2014-1 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO.<ref name="BI-2014" /><ref name="Chafkin">{{cite news |last=Lagorio-Chafkin |first=Christine |date=January 15, 2014|title=How Uber Is Going To Hire 1,000 People This Year |work=] |url=https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/how-uber-hires.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118133339/https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/how-uber-hires.html |archive-date=November 18, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/14/profile-of-ubers-ryan-graves.html | title=How Ryan Graves became Uber's first CEO | first=Anita | last=Balakrishnan | work=] | date=August 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Cofounder Garrett Camp, First Hire Ryan Graves Join Forbes Billionaires List | first=Ellen | last=Huet | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2015/03/02/uber-billionaires-garrett-camp-ryan-graves/ | work=] | date=March 2, 2015 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226132845/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2015/03/02/uber-billionaires-garrett-camp-ryan-graves/ | archive-date=February 26, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Graves became ] (COO).<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber and Indiegogo – tales of disruption | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27999589 | first=Rory | last=Cellan-Jones | work=] | date=June 24, 2014 | access-date=June 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164621/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27999589 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> By 2019, Graves owned 31.9 million shares.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ubers-first-hired-employee-ryan-graves-is-leaving-the-board-11558741407 | title=Uber's First Hired Employee, Ryan Graves, Is Leaving the Board | first=Scott | last=Austin | work=] | date=May 24, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>


Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011.<ref name="Chafkin" /><ref> Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011.<ref name=hire>{{cite news |last=Lagorio-Chafkin |first=Christine |date=January 15, 2014 |title=How Uber Is Going To Hire 1,000 People This Year |work=] |url=https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/how-uber-hires.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118133339/https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/how-uber-hires.html |archive-date=November 18, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |last=Huet |first=Ellen |date=December 11, 2014|title=Uber's Global Expansion in Five Seconds |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ |url-status=live| access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003159/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ |archive-date=February 10, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was 1.5 times that of a taxi.<ref>{{cite news|last=McAlone|first=Nathan|date=February 10, 2016|title=This is how Uber used to look when it first started out – and how it's changed over time|work=]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-design-history-2010-2016-2016-2/|url-status=live|access-date=September 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143136/https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-design-history-2010-2016-2016-2/|archive-date=August 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=You Can Now Tell Your Uber Black Driver You Don't Want to Talk Before You Even Get in the Car |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/ground-transportation/uber-relaunches-uberblack-luxury-car-service-with-new-features |website=] |date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.<ref>{{cite news | title=New York cab fleecing holds lesson on data versus intuition | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/new-york-cab-fleecing-holds-lesson-on-data-versus-intuition-1.443982 | first=Danny | last=O'Brien | newspaper=] | date=January 13, 2012 | access-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129130738/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/new-york-cab-fleecing-holds-lesson-on-data-versus-intuition-1.443982 | archive-date=November 29, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-history|title=The history of how Uber went from the most feared startup in the world to its massive IPO |last=Leskin |first=Avery Hartmans, Paige|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> {{cite news |last=Huet |first=Ellen |date=December 11, 2014|title=Uber's Global Expansion in Five Seconds |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ |url-status=live| access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003159/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ |archive-date=February 10, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi.<ref>{{cite news|last=McAlone |first=Nathan |date=February 10, 2016 |title=This is how Uber used to look when it first started out – and how it's changed over time |work=]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-design-history-2010-2016-2016-2/ |url-status=live|access-date=September 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143136/https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-design-history-2010-2016-2016-2/ |archive-date=August 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2011, the company changed its name from ''UberCab'' to ''Uber'' after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.<ref>{{cite news | title=New York cab fleecing holds lesson on data versus intuition | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/new-york-cab-fleecing-holds-lesson-on-data-versus-intuition-1.443982 | first=Danny | last=O'Brien | newspaper=] | date=January 13, 2012 | access-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129130738/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/new-york-cab-fleecing-holds-lesson-on-data-versus-intuition-1.443982 | archive-date=November 29, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Kalanick believed that in addition to efficiency, Uber offered elegance because all drivers had fancy black cars. He did not feel that regular cars would be attractive. When ] launched in 2011 with the first ridesharing website in the world using regular drivers, he felt that Wingz was illegal and contacted authorities to stop regular drivers from giving rides. <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=550X5OZVk7Y | title= Travis Kalanick of Uber minute 1:08:00 | work=] | first=Jason | last=Canacalis |date= 16 August 2011 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>


The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a ], and a machinery expert who worked on predicting demand for private hire car drivers.<ref name="innovation" /><ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Out-Maths Google on NYC ETAs | first=Sarah | last=Lacy | author-link=Sarah Lacy | url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/uber-out-maths-google-on-nyc-etas/ | work=] | date=June 15, 2011 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226133925/https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/uber-out-maths-google-on-nyc-etas/ | archive-date=February 26, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.<ref>{{cite news | first=Leena | last=Rao | title=Uber Experiments With Lower-Priced Taxis in Chicago Through Newly Launched Labs Group, 'Garage' | url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/18/uber-experiments-with-lower-priced-taxis-in-chicago-through-newly-launched-labs-group-garage/ | work=] | date=April 18, 2012 | access-date=June 25, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072007/https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/18/uber-experiments-with-lower-priced-taxis-in-chicago-through-newly-launched-labs-group-garage/ | archive-date=January 22, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Uber tackles Taxis in Chicago with Uber Garage experiment | first=Terrence | last=O'Brien | url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/18/uber-tackles-taxis-in-chicago-with-uber-garage-experiment/ | work=] | date=April 18, 2012 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131420/https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/18/uber-tackles-taxis-in-chicago-with-uber-garage-experiment/ | archive-date=February 26, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a ], and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than ].<ref name="innovation" /><ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Out-Maths Google on NYC ETAs | first=Sarah | last=Lacy | author-link=Sarah Lacy | url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/uber-out-maths-google-on-nyc-etas/ | work=] | date=June 15, 2011 | archive-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226133925/https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/uber-out-maths-google-on-nyc-etas/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.<ref>{{cite news | first=Leena | last=Rao | title=Uber Experiments With Lower-Priced Taxis in Chicago Through Newly Launched Labs Group, 'Garage' | url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/18/uber-experiments-with-lower-priced-taxis-in-chicago-through-newly-launched-labs-group-garage/ | work=] | date=April 18, 2012 | access-date=June 25, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072007/https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/18/uber-experiments-with-lower-priced-taxis-in-chicago-through-newly-launched-labs-group-garage/ | archive-date=January 22, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Uber tackles Taxis in Chicago with Uber Garage experiment | first=Terrence | last=O'Brien | url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/18/uber-tackles-taxis-in-chicago-with-uber-garage-experiment/ | work=] | date=April 18, 2012 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131420/https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/18/uber-tackles-taxis-in-chicago-with-uber-garage-experiment/ | archive-date=February 26, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>


In April 2013, after ] fought to become legal and obtained the first legal ridesharing license in the world, Uber copied this model and added regular drivers with personal vehicles to the UberX platform instead of only commercially-licensed vehicles, but subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards.<ref>{{cite news
In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uber opens doors in D.C. |first=Fritz |last=Hahn |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-gurus/post/dc-council-expected-to-approve-uber-act/2012/12/04/574a0306-3e38-11e2-ae43-cf491b837f7b_blog.html | newspaper=] | date=December 4, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222052759/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-gurus/post/dc-council-expected-to-approve-uber-act/2012/12/04/574a0306-3e38-11e2-ae43-cf491b837f7b_blog.html | archive-date=February 22, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> By early 2013, the service was operating in 35 cities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://growthhackers.com/growth-studies/uber | title=Uber – What's Fueling Uber's Growth Engine? | work=GrowthHackers | access-date=December 13, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214015005/https://growthhackers.com/growth-studies/uber | archive-date=December 14, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/12/uber-ride-share-almost-everywhere/ | title=Uber Moves Deeper Into Ride Sharing, Promises To Roll Out Services Where Regulators Have Given 'Tacit Approval' | work=] | date=April 12, 2013 | access-date=May 23, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825073839/https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/12/uber-ride-share-almost-everywhere/ | archive-date=August 25, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.com/2013/12/19/uber-taxi-app-fit-santa-barbara/|title=Uber Taxi App a Fit for Santa Barbara? |first=Kelsey Brugger | last=Thu |date=December 19, 2013 |website=] |language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref>
|url = https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/12/uber-ride-share-almost-everywhere/
|title = Uber Moves Deeper Into Ride Sharing, Promises to Roll Out Services
|publisher = TechCrunch
|author = Ryan Lawler
|date = 12 April 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url = https://www.scribd.com/document/490448604/uber-policy-whitepaper
|title = Uber Policy White Paper 1.0: Addressing Regulatory Ambiguity Around Ridesharing Apps
|publisher = Scribd.com
|author = Travis Kalanick
|date = 12 April 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204005004578082630070372690
|title = Taxi Apps Face Bumpy Road
|publisher = Wall Street Journal
|author = Geoffrey Fowler, Wall Street Journal Staff Writer
|date = 28 October 2012
|accessdate =2012-10-28
}}</ref> In July 2012, Uber had introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, but still subject to having a California Public Utilities commercial license.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uber opens doors in D.C. |first=Fritz |last=Hahn |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-gurus/post/dc-council-expected-to-approve-uber-act/2012/12/04/574a0306-3e38-11e2-ae43-cf491b837f7b_blog.html | newspaper=] | date=December 4, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222052759/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-gurus/post/dc-council-expected-to-approve-uber-act/2012/12/04/574a0306-3e38-11e2-ae43-cf491b837f7b_blog.html | archive-date=February 22, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-history |title=The history of how Uber went from the most feared startup in the world to its massive IPO |last2=Leskin |first1=Avery | last1=Hartmans | first2=Paige |website=Business Insider| date=May 18, 2019}}</ref> By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.com/2013/12/19/uber-taxi-app-fit-santa-barbara/|title=Uber Taxi App a Fit for Santa Barbara? |first=Kelsey Brugger | last=Thu |date=December 19, 2013 |website=] |language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref>


In December 2013, '']'' named Uber its tech company of the year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/wolff/2013/12/22/the-success-of-app-based-car-service-uber/4141669/ | title=Wolff: The tech company of the year is Uber | last=Wolff | first=Michael | author-link=Michael Wolff (journalist) | work=] | date=December 22, 2013 | access-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907081132/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/wolff/2013/12/22/the-success-of-app-based-car-service-uber/4141669/ | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In December 2013, '']'' named Uber its tech company of the year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/wolff/2013/12/22/the-success-of-app-based-car-service-uber/4141669/ | title=Wolff: The tech company of the year is Uber | last=Wolff | first=Michael | author-link=Michael Wolff (journalist) | work=] | date=December 22, 2013 | access-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907081132/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/wolff/2013/12/22/the-success-of-app-based-car-service-uber/4141669/ | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>


In August 2014, Uber launched a ] service in the ].<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Opens Up UberPool To All San Francisco Users | first=Ryan | last=Lawler | url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/02/uberpool-launch-for-real/ | work=] | date=September 2, 2014 | access-date=June 25, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423154432/https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/02/uberpool-launch-for-real/ | archive-date=April 23, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-line-uberpool-20140805-story.html |title=Lyft and Uber launch carpool-like services in San Francisco| date=2014-08-06| website=]| url-access=subscription |language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> The service soon launched in other cities worldwide. In August 2014, Uber launched a ] service in the ]<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Opens Up UberPool To All San Francisco Users | first=Ryan | last=Lawler | url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/02/uberpool-launch-for-real/ | work=] | date=September 2, 2014 | access-date=June 25, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423154432/https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/02/uberpool-launch-for-real/ | archive-date=April 23, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-line-uberpool-20140805-story.html |title=Lyft and Uber launch carpool-like services in San Francisco| date=2014-08-06| website=]| url-access=subscription |language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> and launched ], a ] service.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-uber-launched-uber-eats-2016-3 | title=Uber's GrubHub killer is finally in the US – here's the inside story on its big bet on food | first=Biz | last=Carson | work=] | date=March 2, 2016 | access-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143129/https://www.businessinsider.com/why-uber-launched-uber-eats-2016-3 | archive-date=August 25, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/20/ubers-standalone-food-delivery-app-is-coming-to-the-u-s/ | title=Uber's Standalone Food Delivery App Is Coming To The U.S. | last=Dickey | first=Megan Rose | work=] | date=January 20, 2016 | access-date=December 19, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707154341/https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/20/ubers-standalone-food-delivery-app-is-coming-to-the-u-s/ | archive-date=July 7, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In August 2014, Uber launched ], a ] service.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-uber-launched-uber-eats-2016-3 | title=Uber's GrubHub killer is finally in the US – here's the inside story on its big bet on food | first=Biz | last=Carson | work=] | date=March 2, 2016 | access-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143129/https://www.businessinsider.com/why-uber-launched-uber-eats-2016-3 | archive-date=August 25, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/20/ubers-standalone-food-delivery-app-is-coming-to-the-u-s/ | title=Uber's Standalone Food Delivery App Is Coming To The U.S. | last=Dickey | first=Megan Rose | work=] | date=January 20, 2016 | access-date=December 19, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707154341/https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/20/ubers-standalone-food-delivery-app-is-coming-to-the-u-s/ | archive-date=July 7, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref>


] ]
In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to ] in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi.<ref>{{Cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/didi-chuxing-china-startups-uber | title=Didi Chuxing took on Uber and won. Now it's taking on the world | last=Crabtree | first=James | magazine=] | date=February 9, 2018 | access-date=October 10, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053445/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/didi-chuxing-china-startups-uber | archive-date=October 11, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/how-uber-lost-more-than-1-billion-in-the-first-half-of-2016.html | title=How Uber Lost More Than $1 Billion in the First Half of 2016 | first=Mike | last=Issac | work=] | date=August 26, 2016 | url-access=subscription | access-date=February 28, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223193626/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/how-uber-lost-more-than-1-billion-in-the-first-half-of-2016.html | archive-date=December 23, 2016 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).<ref>{{cite news | last1=Kirby | first1=William | title=The Real Reason Uber Is Giving Up in China | url=https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-real-reason-uber-is-giving-up-in-china | work=] | date=2 August 2016 | access-date=January 22, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122144952/https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-real-reason-uber-is-giving-up-in-china | archive-date=January 22, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to ] in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi.<ref>{{Cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/didi-chuxing-china-startups-uber | title=Didi Chuxing took on Uber and won. Now it's taking on the world | last=Crabtree | first=James | magazine=] | date=February 9, 2018 | access-date=October 10, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053445/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/didi-chuxing-china-startups-uber | archive-date=October 11, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/how-uber-lost-more-than-1-billion-in-the-first-half-of-2016.html | title=How Uber Lost More Than $1 Billion in the First Half of 2016 | first=Mike | last=Issac | work=] | date=August 26, 2016 | url-access=subscription | access-date=February 28, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223193626/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/how-uber-lost-more-than-1-billion-in-the-first-half-of-2016.html | archive-date=December 23, 2016 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).<ref>{{cite news | last1=Kirby | first1=William | title=The Real Reason Uber Is Giving Up in China | url=https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-real-reason-uber-is-giving-up-in-china | work=] | date=2 August 2016 | access-date=January 22, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122144952/https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-real-reason-uber-is-giving-up-in-china | archive-date=January 22, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref>


In 2016, Uber acquired ], a ] company founded by ], for $625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by ], allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled a lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its ] operations.<ref name=freight>{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634331593/uber-parks-its-self-driving-truck-project-saying-it-will-push-for-autonomous-car | title=Uber Parks Its Self-Driving Truck Project, Saying It Will Push For Autonomous Cars | first=Bill | last=Chappell | work=] | date=July 31, 2018 | archive-date=August 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808043321/https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634331593/uber-parks-its-self-driving-truck-project-saying-it-will-push-for-autonomous-car | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Andrew J. |title=Waymo is teaming up with Uber on autonomous trucking because time really heals all wounds |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/7/23156674/waymo-via-uber-freight-autonomous-truck-deal |website=The Verge |date=June 7, 2022}}</ref>
In December 2016, Uber acquired the AI research startup Geometric Intelligence for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uber Just Bought a Startup You've Never Heard Of. Here's Why That's Important. |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/uber-artificial-intelligence-acquisition/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> This coincided with the announcement of Uber AI Labs. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of the AI Labs team.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-12-05 |title=Founding Uber AI Labs |url=https://www.uber.com/newsroom/ailabs/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Uber Newsroom}}</ref>


In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of "Uber AI", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uber Just Bought a Startup You've Never Heard Of. Here's Why That's Important. |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/uber-artificial-intelligence-acquisition/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=ailabs/> Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the algorithm and a sequence of papers on ]. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bosa |first1=Deirdre |first2=Lauren |last2=Feiner |date=2020-05-18 |title=Uber to cut 3,000 more jobs |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/18/uber-reportedly-to-cut-3000-more-jobs.html |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref name=ailabs>{{Cite web |title=Founding Uber AI Labs |url=https://www.uber.com/newsroom/ailabs/ |website=Uber Newsroom |date=December 5, 2016}}</ref>
In August 2017, ], the former CEO of ], replaced Kalanick as CEO.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/New-Uber-CEO-will-face-daunting-challenges-12098498.php | title=New Uber CEO will face daunting challenges | work=San Francisco Chronicle| first=Carolyn | last=Said | date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://mashable.com/2017/08/28/uber-new-ceo-dara-khosrowshahi-expedia-nice/ | title= Uber's (probable) new CEO is known to be 'fair and nice,' for a change | work= Mashable| first=Kerry | last=Flynn | date=28 August 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the ],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-2017 | title=Who Has Your Back? Government Data Requests 2017 | first=Rainey | last=Reitman | work=] | date=July 10, 2017 | access-date=October 19, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915003333/https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-2017 | archive-date=September 15, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> but was harshly criticised by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gebhart|first=Kurt Opsahl and Gennie|date=2017-09-18|title=In A Win For Privacy, Uber Restores User Control Over Location-Sharing |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/09/win-privacy-uber-restores-user-control-over-location-sharing| access-date=2020-07-30| website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}</ref>


In August 2017, ], the former CEO of ], replaced Kalanick as CEO.<ref name=":1">{{cite news | url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/New-Uber-CEO-will-face-daunting-challenges-12098498.php | title=New Uber CEO will face daunting challenges | work=San Francisco Chronicle| first=Carolyn | last=Said | date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://mashable.com/2017/08/28/uber-new-ceo-dara-khosrowshahi-expedia-nice/ | title= Uber's (probable) new CEO is known to be 'fair and nice,' for a change | work= Mashable| first=Kerry | last=Flynn | date=28 August 2017}}</ref> Earlier in March 2015, as CEO of ], Khosrowshahi had led a multimillion equity investment in ], the first ridesharing company in the world.<ref>{{cite news
In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in ], ], ], ], ] and ] with those of ] and invested $225 million in the venture.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-yandex-jointventure/uber-yandex-complete-ride-services-merger-idUSKBN1FR2IR | title=Uber, Yandex complete ride services merger | first=Jack | last=Stubbs | work=] | date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> In March 2018, Uber merged its services in ] with those of ] in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43536322 | title=Uber sells South East Asia business to Grab | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=June 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628005621/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43536322 | archive-date=June 28, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/7b415e82-3098-11e8-b5bf-23cb17fd1498 | title=Uber exits south-east Asia with sale to rival Grab | first1=Richard | last1=Waters | first2=Louise | last2=Lucas | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=January 12, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113122445/https://www.ft.com/content/7b415e82-3098-11e8-b5bf-23cb17fd1498 | archive-date=January 13, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellekeetonolsen/2018/03/26/grab-officially-takes-control-of-ubers-southeast-asia-operations/ | title=Grab Officially Takes Control Of Uber's Southeast Asia Operations | first=Danielle | last=Keeton-Olsen | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=January 12, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003737/https://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellekeetonolsen/2018/03/26/grab-officially-takes-control-of-ubers-southeast-asia-operations/ | archive-date=April 1, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeanbaptiste/2016/01/25/ceo-tech-talk-wingz-raises-11-million-to-disrupt-airport-shuttle-rides-plans-nationwide-expansion/#58a99f0e3cf7
|title = Wingz Raises $11 Million To Disrupt Airport Rides, Plans Nationwide Expansion
|work = Forbes
|author = Jeb Su
|date = 25 January 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2015/04/13/wingz-raises-2m-to-book-airport-rides-for-people-who-plan-ahead/
|title = Wingz Raises $2M to Book Airport Rides for People Who Plan Ahead
|publisher = Wall Street Journal
|author = Lora Kolodny, Wall Street Journal Staff
|date = 13 April 2015
|accessdate =2015-04-13
}}</ref>


In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in ], ], ], ], ] and ] with those of ] and invested $225 million in the venture.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-yandex-jointventure/uber-yandex-complete-ride-services-merger-idUSKBN1FR2IR | title=Uber, Yandex complete ride services merger | first=Jack | last=Stubbs | work=] | date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> In March 2018, Uber merged its services in ] with those of ] in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43536322 | title=Uber sells South East Asia business to Grab | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=June 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628005621/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43536322 | archive-date=June 28, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/7b415e82-3098-11e8-b5bf-23cb17fd1498 | title=Uber exits south-east Asia with sale to rival Grab | first1=Richard | last1=Waters | first2=Louise | last2=Lucas | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=January 12, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113122445/https://www.ft.com/content/7b415e82-3098-11e8-b5bf-23cb17fd1498 | archive-date=January 13, 2019 | url-status=live |url-access=subscription | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellekeetonolsen/2018/03/26/grab-officially-takes-control-of-ubers-southeast-asia-operations/ | title=Grab Officially Takes Control Of Uber's Southeast Asia Operations | first=Danielle | last=Keeton-Olsen | work=] | date=March 26, 2018 | access-date=January 12, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003737/https://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellekeetonolsen/2018/03/26/grab-officially-takes-control-of-ubers-southeast-asia-operations/ | archive-date=April 1, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the ].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/15/uber-joins-linux-foundation-cementing-commitment-to-open-source-tools/ | title=Uber joins Linux Foundation, cementing commitment to open-source tools | first=Ron | last=Miller | work=] | date=November 15, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116104709/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/15/uber-joins-linux-foundation-cementing-commitment-to-open-source-tools/ | archive-date=November 16, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://sdtimes.com/softwaredev/sd-times-news-digest-alexa-hosted-skills-uber-becomes-gold-member-of-the-linux-foundation-and-oasis-devnet/ |title=SD Times news digest: Alexa-hosted skills, Uber becomes Gold member of the Linux Foundation, and Oasis Devnet | first=Jenna | last=Sargent | website=] |date=November 19, 2018}}</ref>


On May 10, 2019, Uber became a ] via an ].<ref name="wsj-ipo">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-stumbles-in-trading-debut-11557503554 |title=Uber IPO Stumbles, Stock Trades Below Offering Price |last1=Driebusch |first1=Corrie |last2=Farrell |first2=Maureen | work=] |date=May 10, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by ], a ] service available to some users in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://qz.com/1475251/uber-shut-down-uber-rent-its-rental-car-program-for-riders/ | title=Uber shut down its rental car program for Uber riders | first=Alison | last=Griswold | work=] | date=November 27, 2018}}</ref>


In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the ].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/15/uber-joins-linux-foundation-cementing-commitment-to-open-source-tools/ | title=Uber joins Linux Foundation, cementing commitment to open-source tools | first=Ron | last=Miller | work=] | date=November 15, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116104709/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/15/uber-joins-linux-foundation-cementing-commitment-to-open-source-tools/ | archive-date=November 16, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://sdtimes.com/softwaredev/sd-times-news-digest-alexa-hosted-skills-uber-becomes-gold-member-of-the-linux-foundation-and-oasis-devnet/ |title=SD Times news digest: Alexa-hosted skills, Uber becomes Gold member of the Linux Foundation, and Oasis Devnet | first=Jenna | last=Sargent | website=] |date=November 19, 2018}}</ref>
In June 2019, both COO ] and CMO Rebecca Messina stepped down.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/07/uber-coo-chief-marketing-officer-are-out/ |title=Uber's COO and chief marketing officer are out |website=] | date=June 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-07/uber-operating-marketing-chiefs-step-down-in-leadership-shakeup |title=Uber Operating, Marketing Chiefs Leaving in Leadership Shake-Up | first=Eric | last=Newcomer| work=] | date=June 7, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> In July 2019, the marketing department was reduced by a third, with the ] of 400 people amidst continued losses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Newcomer |first=Eric |url=https://fortune.com/2019/07/29/uber-growth-layoffs-marketing/ |title=Uber, Citing Slowed Growth, Is Cutting One-Third of Its Global Marketing Staff |work=] |date=2019-07-29 |access-date=2019-07-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Conger|first=Kate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/29/technology/uber-job-cuts.html| title=Uber Lays Off 400 as Profitability Doubts Linger After I.P.O.|date=2019-07-29| work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-17 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Engineer hires were frozen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/08/uber-freezes-engineering-hires-amid-mounting-losses/ |title=Uber, losing billions, freezes engineering hires |first=Timothy B. |last=Lee |website=] |date=August 10, 2019}}</ref> In early September 2019, Uber laid off an additional 435 employees with 265 coming from the engineering team and another 170 from the product team.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dickey |first=Megan Rose |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/10/uber-lays-off-435-people-across-engineering-and-product-teams/ |title=Uber lays off 435 people across engineering and product teams |work=] |date=2019-09-10 |access-date=2019-09-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2019/09/10/uber-employee-cuts-layoffs/ |title=Uber Makes a Second Round of Employee Cuts, Laying Off 435 From the Engineering and Product Teams | first=Danielle | last=Abril | website=] | date=September 10, 2019}}</ref>


In 2018, Uber formed a partnership with Autzu, a Toronto-based ridesharing company. This collaboration provides Uber drivers with the opportunity to rent electric ] on an hourly basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garsten |first=Ed |title=Tesla-Only Driveshare Company Autzu Expanding To Three Big U.S. Cities With Eye To EV Robocars |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/edgarsten/2023/06/01/tesla-only-driveshare-company-autzu-expanding-to-three-big-us-cities-with-eye-to-ev-robocars/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Ryan |title=''Uber partnerships with car-rental startups could increase congestion, experts say'' |work=CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/uber-partnerships-with-car-rental-startups-could-increase-congestion-experts-say-1.4778393}}</ref>
In 2020, Uber announced plans to become an emission free platform. Uber introduced Uber Green, promoting users to choose electric and hybrid vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Road to Zero Emissions |url=https://www.uber.com/us/en/about/sustainability/|access-date= |website=Uber}}</ref>


On May 10, 2019, Uber became a ] via an ].<ref name="wsj-ipo">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-stumbles-in-trading-debut-11557503554 |title=Uber IPO Stumbles, Stock Trades Below Offering Price |last1=Driebusch |first1=Corrie |last2=Farrell |first2=Maureen | work=] |date=May 10, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In January 2020, Uber acquired ] for $3.1 billion.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://laffaz.com/uber-closes-the-acquisition-of-middle-eastern-rival-careem-for-3-1-billion/ |title= Uber closes the acquisition of Middle-Eastern rival Careem for $3.1 Billion|last=Singh |first=Pradeep |date=2020-01-06|website=LAFFAZ |language=en-GB |access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Conger| first=Kate| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/business/dealbook/uber-careem-mideast-rival.html| title=Uber to Acquire Careem, Its Top Mideast Rival, for $3.1 Billion|date=2019-03-26 |work=] |access-date=2020-03-17|language=en-US| issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302769776 | title=Ministry of Economy approves Uber's acquisition of Careem| website=wam| date=June 24, 2019| access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>


In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of ] ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2019/09/10/uber-employee-cuts-layoffs/ |title=Uber Makes a Second Round of Employee Cuts, Laying Off 435 From the Engineering and Product Teams | first=Danielle | last=Abril | website=] | date=September 10, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In the same month, Uber sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to ], in exchange for 9.99% of Zomato.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Uber sells food delivery business in India to Zomato |url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/01/20/uber-sells-food-delivery-business-in-india-to-zomato/ | first=Manish | last=Singh
|website=] | date=January 20, 2020}}</ref>


In October 2019, Uber acquired 53% of Cornershop, a provider of grocery delivery services primarily in Latin America.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/technology/uber-cornershop-grocery-delivery.html | title=Uber Acquires Cornershop, a Grocery Delivery Start-Up | first=Kate | last=Conger | work=] | date=October 11, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.grocerydive.com/news/uber-to-acquire-international-grocery-delivery-startup/564941/ | title=Uber to acquire international grocery delivery startup | first=Krishna | last=Thakker | work=] | date=October 14, 2019}}</ref> In June 2021, it acquired the remaining 47% interest in Cornershop for 29 million shares of Uber.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/21/uber-to-become-the-sole-owner-of-grocery-delivery-startup-cornershop/ | title=Uber to become the sole owner of grocery delivery startup Cornershop | first=Aria | last=Alamalhodaei | work=] | date=June 21, 2021}}</ref>
Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates for UberX and UberXL trips.<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Tests Feature Letting Some California Drivers Set Their Own Rates |first=Matt |last=McFarland |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/21/tech/uber-california-drivers-rates/index.html | work=] | date=January 21, 2020}}</ref>


Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in ] and Miami.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-workers-chicago-idUSKBN1WI0BN |title=Uber launches app aimed at connecting workers with businesses | work=] | date=October 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article238461728.html|title=Uber is about to provide a lot more gig opportunities in Miami-Dade |last=Wile |first=Rob |work=]| date=December 18, 2019}}</ref><ref name="cuts3000"/>
On May 5, 2020, during the ], Uber announced plans to ] 3,700 employees, around 14% of its workforce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uber is laying off 3,700 as rides plummet due to COVID-19 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/06/uber-is-laying-off-3700-as-rides-plummet-due-to-covid-19/ |last=Heater |first=Brian | website=] |date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> On May 18, 2020, 3,000 more job cuts and 45 office closures were announced.<ref name="cuts3000">{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-cuts-3-000-more-jobs-shuts-45-offices-in-coronavirus-crunch-11589814608?mod=business_lead_pos1| title=Uber Cuts 3,000 More Jobs, Shuts 45 Offices in Coronavirus Crunch| work=]| first=Preetika | last=Rana |date=May 18, 2020| url-access=subscription}}</ref> Around the same time, construction finished on Uber's new headquarters on ] in San Francisco's ] neighborhood, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=King |first=John |date=2021-05-03 |title=Uber delivers a surprise – San Francisco's best new public space |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/local/article/Uber-delivers-a-surprise-San-Francisco-s-16146203.php |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> Like various other office complexes in San Francisco, Uber's campus includes a public plaza, which the ] architecture critic John King called the city's "best new public space", while praising the entire ensemble for its "low-key sophistication – not what you’d expect from a firm with a rapacious image."<ref name=":0" />


In June 2020, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for ], a public bus agency in ]. This partnership is Uber's first ] partnership.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Korosec|first=Kirsten|date=2020-06-17|title=Uber pushes into on-demand public transit with its first SaaS partnership|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/06/17/uber-pushes-into-on-demand-public-transit-with-its-first-saas-partnership/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=]|language=en-US}}</ref> In January 2020, Uber acquired ] for $3.1 billion<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://laffaz.com/uber-closes-the-acquisition-of-middle-eastern-rival-careem-for-3-1-billion/ |title= Uber closes the acquisition of Middle-Eastern rival Careem for $3.1 Billion|last=Singh |first=Pradeep |date=2020-01-06 |website=LAFFAZ |access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref> and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to ].<ref>{{Cite news | title=Uber sells food delivery business in India to Zomato | url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/20/uber-sells-food-delivery-business-in-india-to-zomato/ | first=Manish | last=Singh | website=] | date=January 20, 2020 }}</ref>


Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates.<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Tests Feature Letting Some California Drivers Set Their Own Rates |first=Matt |last=McFarland |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/21/tech/uber-california-drivers-rates/index.html | work=] | date=January 21, 2020}}</ref>
In July 2020, Uber in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber to Launch Grocery Delivery in the U.S. | url=https://www.kupino.com/article/8864-uber-to-launch-grocery-delivery-in-the-us-that-youll-love|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Kupino.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-07|title=Introducing Grocery Delivery {{!}} Uber Newsroom US|url=https://www.uber.com/newsroom/introducing-grocery-delivery/|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Uber Newsroom}}</ref>


On December 1, 2020, Uber acquired ] for $2.65 billion.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201201005727/en/Uber-Completes-Acquisition-of-Postmates | title=Uber Completes Acquisition of Postmates | publisher=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/01/uber-officially-completes-postmates-acquisition/ | title=Uber officially completes Postmates acquisition | first=Darrell | last=Etherington | work=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/uber-completes-postmates-acquisition-boosting-its-place-in-food-delivery-11606851940 | title=Uber completes Postmates acquisition, boosting its place in food delivery | first=Levi | last=Sumagaysay | work=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, during the ], Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uber is laying off 3,700 as rides plummet due to COVID-19 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/06/uber-is-laying-off-3700-as-rides-plummet-due-to-covid-19/ |last=Heater |first=Brian | website=] |date=May 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="cuts3000">{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-cuts-3-000-more-jobs-shuts-45-offices-in-coronavirus-crunch-11589814608?mod=business_lead_pos1| title=Uber Cuts 3,000 More Jobs, Shuts 45 Offices in Coronavirus Crunch| work=]| first=Preetika | last=Rana |date=May 18, 2020| url-access=subscription}}</ref>


In June 2020, in its first ] partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for ], a public bus agency in ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Korosec|first=Kirsten|date=2020-06-17|title=Uber pushes into on-demand public transit with its first SaaS partnership|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/17/uber-pushes-into-on-demand-public-transit-with-its-first-saas-partnership/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=]|language=en-US|archive-date=August 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817071536/https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/17/uber-pushes-into-on-demand-public-transit-with-its-first-saas-partnership/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In October 2021, Uber acquired ], an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211013005380/en/Cheers%21-Uber-Completes-Acquisition-of-Drizly | title=Cheers! Uber Completes Acquisition of Drizly | publisher=] | date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ross| first=David |title=Uber buys Australian car-sharing tech start up Car Next Door |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/uber-buys-australian-carsharing-tech-start-up-car-next-door/news-story/144e68b11d22ff3ebcd6f1b635440d1e |website=] |date=January 20, 2022}}</ref>


In September 2020, Uber committed to ] globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in ]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uber.com/en-AE/newsroom/driving-a-green-recovery/ | title=Driving a Green Recovery | first=Dara | last=Khosrowshahi | author-link=Dara Khosrowshahi | publisher=Uber | date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/08/committing-to-a-fully-zero-emission-fleet-by-2040-uber-is-dedicating-800-million-to-electrifying-its-drivers/ | title=Committing to a fully zero-emission fleet by 2040, Uber is dedicating $800 million to electrifying its drivers | first=Jonathan | last=Shieber | work=] | date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/515631-uber-pledges-net-zero-emissions-by-2040/ | title=Uber pledges net-zero emissions by 2040 | first=Alexandra | last=Kelley | work=] | date=September 9, 2020}}</ref>
]
In May 2022, Uber formed a partnership with IT Taxi, Italy's largest taxi dispatcher. Through the partnership, it was agreed that Uber would integrate with the dispatcher, adding 12,000 drivers to over 80 cities in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-24 |title=Uber Agrees to Add Local Italian Taxis to Ride-Hailing App |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-24/uber-agrees-to-add-local-italian-taxis-to-ride-hailing-app |access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-24 |title=Uber seals taxi deal to expand its business in Italy |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uber-seals-taxi-deal-expand-its-business-italy-2022-05-24/ |access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref>


In December 2020, Uber acquired ] for $2.65 billion.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201201005727/en/Uber-Completes-Acquisition-of-Postmates | title=Uber Completes Acquisition of Postmates | publisher=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/01/uber-officially-completes-postmates-acquisition/ | title=Uber officially completes Postmates acquisition | first=Darrell | last=Etherington | work=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/uber-completes-postmates-acquisition-boosting-its-place-in-food-delivery-11606851940 | title=Uber completes Postmates acquisition, boosting its place in food delivery | first=Levi | last=Sumagaysay | work=] | date=December 1, 2020}}</ref>
On September 19th, 2022, Uber announced that its fleet of vehicles in developed countries and regions such as Europe, Japan, South Korea, United States, Canada, etc. will be 100% all-electric vehicles by 2030 due to climate change. Drivers of fossil fuel vehicles at that time in those regions will be forced to switch to electric vehicles or otherwise will be forced to stop driving for the company entirely unless they later decide to switch to an EV. This is the first phase of Uber's plan to become 100% carbon-net-zero worldwide by 2040 due to climate change.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uber.com/en-AE/newsroom/driving-a-green-recovery/ | title=Driving a Green Recovery | date=September 8, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.protocol.com/amp/uber-business-partners-emissions-platform-2658305456 | title=Uber has a new tool to help companies clean up their transportation carbon footprint }}</ref>


Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using ] aircraft, to ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber sells loss-making flying taxi division to Joby Aviation | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/dec/09/uber-sells-loss-making-flying-taxi-division-to-joby-aviation |work=] | last=Neate |first=Rupert |date=December 9, 2020 | issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2020/12/08/uber-selling-air-taxi-business-to-joby-aviation.html | title=A day after selling self-driving unit, Uber's offloading air taxi wing to Joby Aviation | first=Cromwell |last=Schubarth | work=] | date=December 8, 2020}}</ref>
=== September 2022 security breach ===
On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Bajak| first = Frank| title = Serious breach at Uber spotlights hacker social deception| work = AP NEWS| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://apnews.com/article/technology-social-media-hacking-73a37d3f1e67ec5832ccd10a8e02c7e6}} </ref> A ], who identified himself as an 18 year-old, utilized ] to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's ] and ].<ref name="NYT_Hack">{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| last1 = Conger| first1 = Kate| last2 = Roose| first2 = Kevin| title = Uber Investigating Breach of Its Computer Systems| work = The New York Times| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/technology/uber-hacking-breach.html}}</ref> From there, the individual found ] scripts which contained administrative credentials which gave them access to Uber's services such as ] and ].<ref name="Verge_Hack">{{Cite web| last = Castro| first = Alex| title = Uber apparently hacked by teen, employees thought it was a joke| work = The Verge| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/16/23356213/uber-hack-teen-slack-google-cloud-credentials-powershell}}</ref> The individual announced the hack on an internal ] channel, where many employees thought it was a joke.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| last1 = Siddiqui| first1 = Faiz| last2 = Menn| first2 = Joseph| title = Uber suffers computer system breach, alerts authorities| newspaper = Washington Post| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/15/uber-hack/}}</ref> In a statement on September 16, Uber indicated that there was no evidence that user data was compromised, all services were operational and law enforcement had been notified.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Abrams| first = Lawrence| title = Uber hacked, internal systems breached and vulnerability reports stolen| work = BleepingComputer| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/uber-hacked-internal-systems-breached-and-vulnerability-reports-stolen/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last = Fingas| first = Jon| title = Uber finds 'no evidence' that sensitive user data was stolen in hack| work = Engadget| accessdate = 2022-09-17| date = 2022-09-16| url = https://www.engadget.com/uber-hack-no-evidence-sensitive-user-data-stolen-193949399.html}}</ref> Additionally, Uber uses services of ], a Californian bug bounty platform that employs ethical hackers to help identify bugs and protect the systems of many big companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62925047 | title=Uber investigating hack on its computer systems | publisher=BBC News |access-date=2022-09-19 }}</ref>


In January 2021, Uber Advanced Technologies Group (ATG), a joint venture minority-owned by ], ], and ] that was developing ]s, was sold to ] for $4 billion in equity and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-atg/uber-sells-atg-self-driving-business-to-aurora-at-4-billion-idUSKBN28H2RX |title=Uber sells ATG self-driving business to Aurora at $4 billion | last1=Hu | first1=Krystal | last2=Bellon | first2=Tina | last3=Lee | first3=Jane Lanhee |work=] |date=December 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2021/01/19/aurora-closes-acquisition-of-uber-atg.html | title=Aurora closes acquisition of Uber ATG, forms partnership with PACCAR | first=Julia | last=Mericle | work=] | date=January 19, 2021 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
===Former operations===
====Self-driving cars====
] ] in ]]]
Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, minority-owned by ], ], and ], was developing ]s.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://qz.com/1599134/uber-secures-much-needed-1-billion-investment-for-self-driving-cars-unit/ | title=Uber raised $1 billion for self-driving cars because it desperately needs the money | last=Griswold | first=Alison | work=Quartz | date=April 19, 2019 | access-date=April 22, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422212647/https://qz.com/1599134/uber-secures-much-needed-1-billion-investment-for-self-driving-cars-unit/ | archive-date=April 22, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In early 2015, the company hired approximately 50 people from the ] department of ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theverge.com/transportation/2015/5/19/8622831/uber-self-driving-cars-carnegie-mellon-poached | title=Uber gutted Carnegie Mellon's top robotics lab to build self-driving cars – A 'partnership' based on poaching | last=Lowensohn | first=Josh | work=] | publisher=] | date=May 19, 2015 | access-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002190909/https://www.theverge.com/transportation/2015/5/19/8622831/uber-self-driving-cars-carnegie-mellon-poached | archive-date=October 2, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On September 14, 2016, it launched ]s in ] using a fleet of ] cars<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2016/09/14/uber-debuts-self-driving-cars-for-pittsburgh.html | title=Uber debuts self-driving cars in Pittsburgh, customers including Mayor Bill Peduto taking the first trips on Wednesday morning | last=Tascarella | first=Patty | work=] | date=September 14, 2016 | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032935/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2016/09/14/uber-debuts-self-driving-cars-for-pittsburgh.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=hook>{{cite news | last=Hook | first=Leslie | title=Uber's Pittsburgh pitch at a driverless future | url=https://www.ft.com/content/a8737288-7bee-11e6-b837-eb4b4333ee43 | work=] | date=September 16, 2016 | archive-date=October 30, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030075721/https://www.ft.com/content/a8737288-7bee-11e6-b837-eb4b4333ee43 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and on December 14, 2016, it began testing self-driving ] SUVs in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/14/13921514/uber-self-driving-car-san-francisco-launch-volvo-xc90 | title=You Can Hail a Self-Driving Uber in San Francisco Starting Today | first=Andrew J. | last=Hawkins | work=] | date=December 14, 2016}}</ref> After the ] forced the program to cease operations a week later,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/21/506525679/uber-stops-self-driving-test-in-california-after-dmv-pulls-registrations | title=Uber Stops Self-Driving Test In California After DMV Pulls Registrations | first=Avie | last=Schneider | work=] | date=December 21, 2016 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164806/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/21/506525679/uber-stops-self-driving-test-in-california-after-dmv-pulls-registrations | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> the program was moved to ].<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber's self-driving cars are now picking up passengers in Arizona | url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/21/14687346/uber-self-driving-car-arizona-pilot-ducey-california | first=Andrew J. | last=Hawkins | work=] | publisher=] | date=February 21, 2017 | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033509/https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/21/14687346/uber-self-driving-car-arizona-pilot-ducey-california | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In March 2018, it paused testing after the ] in ].<ref name=sagere>{{cite news | last=Sage | first=Alexandra | title=Woman dies in Arizona after being hit by Uber self-driving SUV | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-selfdriving-uber/woman-dies-in-arizona-after-being-hit-by-uber-self-driving-suv-idUSKBN1GV296 | work=] | date=March 19, 2018}}</ref> Uber restarted testing in December 2018 after receiving local approval in ]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/20/18148946/uber-self-driving-car-return-public-road-pittsburgh-crash | title=Uber's self-driving cars return to public roads for the first time since fatal crash | first=Andrew J. | last=Hawkins | work=] | date=December 20, 2018 | archive-date=January 24, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124041413/https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/20/18148946/uber-self-driving-car-return-public-road-pittsburgh-crash | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/tech-news/2018/12/18/Uber-pittsburgh-resume-testing-self-driving-autonomous-vehicles-penndot/stories/201812180146 | title=Uber was just approved to resume self-driving tests in Pittsburgh and the rest of the state | first=Courtney| last=Linder | work=] | date=December 18, 2018 | archive-date=January 24, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124041749/https://www.post-gazette.com/business/tech-news/2018/12/18/Uber-pittsburgh-resume-testing-self-driving-autonomous-vehicles-penndot/stories/201812180146 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4777626/ubers-self-driving-cars-toronto/ | title=Uber's self-driving cars back on the road in Toronto after 9-month hiatus | first=Erica | last=Vella | work=] | date=December 28, 2018 | archive-date=January 30, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001441/https://globalnews.ca/news/4777626/ubers-self-driving-cars-toronto/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In January 2021, with Uber ATG described as a "cash-burn machine", the division was sold to ] for $4 billion and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora, taking a 26% ownership stake.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-atg/uber-sells-atg-self-driving-business-to-aurora-at-4-billion-idUSKBN28H2RX |title=Uber sells ATG self-driving business to Aurora at $4 billion | last1=Hu | first1=Krystal | last2=Bellon | first2=Tina | last3=Lee | first3=Jane Lanhee |work=] |date=December 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2021/01/19/aurora-closes-acquisition-of-uber-atg.html | title=Aurora closes acquisition of Uber ATG, forms partnership with PACCAR | first=Julia | last=Mericle | work=] | date=January 19, 2021 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>


In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on ] in ], consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.ktvu.com/news/uber-opens-new-san-francisco-mission-bay-headquarters | title=Uber opens new San Francisco Mission Bay headquarters | first=Tom | last=Vacar | work=] | date=March 29, 2021}}</ref>
====Autonomous trucks====
In 2016, Uber acquired ], a ] company, for $625 million. Ottomotto was founded by ], previously of ], who allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he downloaded while at Waymo. In February 2018, to settle a lawsuit regarding the stolen trade secrets, Uber gave Waymo $244 million in stock and agreed not to infringe on Waymo's intellectual property. Uber cancelled its self-driving truck program in July 2018.<ref name=freight>{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634331593/uber-parks-its-self-driving-truck-project-saying-it-will-push-for-autonomous-car | title=Uber Parks Its Self-Driving Truck Project, Saying It Will Push For Autonomous Cars | first=Bill | last=Chappell | work=] | date=July 31, 2018 | archive-date=August 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808043321/https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634331593/uber-parks-its-self-driving-truck-project-saying-it-will-push-for-autonomous-car | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref>


In October 2021, Uber acquired ], an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock; it was shut down in early 2024.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/01/16/uber-is-closing-alcohol-delivery-service-drizly-three-years-after-acquistion/ | title=Uber is closing alcohol delivery service Drizly three years after acquisition | first=Ivan | last=Mehta | work=] | date=January 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211013005380/en/Cheers%21-Uber-Completes-Acquisition-of-Drizly | title=Cheers! Uber Completes Acquisition of Drizly | publisher=] | date=October 13, 2021}}</ref>
In June 2022, Uber struck a deal with Waymo to use the latter's technology for autonomous trucks in Uber's Freight service.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hawkins |first1=Andrew J. |title=Waymo is teaming up with Uber on autonomous trucking because time really heals all wounds |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/7/23156674/waymo-via-uber-freight-autonomous-truck-deal |website=The Verge |date=7 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>


On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ross| first=David |title=Uber buys Australian car-sharing tech start up Car Next Door |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/uber-buys-australian-carsharing-tech-start-up-car-next-door/news-story/144e68b11d22ff3ebcd6f1b635440d1e |website=] |date=January 20, 2022}}</ref>
====Air services====
In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute ] flights between Manhattan and ] for $200-$225 per passenger.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-copter-idUSKBN1WI13N | title=Uber makes JFK airport helicopter taxis available to all users | first=Tina | last=Bellon | work=] | date=October 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/04/tech/uber-copter-review/index.html | title=Uber's new helicopter service is an expensive, time-consuming adventure | first=Samantha Murphy | last=Kelly | work=] | date=October 4, 2019}}</ref>


{{anchor|September 2022 security breach}}
In December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using ] aircraft, to ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber sells loss-making flying taxi division to Joby Aviation | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/dec/09/uber-sells-loss-making-flying-taxi-division-to-joby-aviation |work=] | last=Neate |first=Rupert |date=December 9, 2020 | issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2020/12/08/uber-selling-air-taxi-business-to-joby-aviation.html | title=A day after selling self-driving unit, Uber's offloading air taxi wing to Joby Aviation | first=Cromwell |last=Schubarth | work=] | date=December 8, 2020}}</ref>
On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a ] that utilized ] to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's ] and ]. The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Fingas| first=Jon | title=Uber finds 'no evidence' that sensitive user data was stolen in hack | work=] | access-date=2022-09-17 | date=2022-09-16 | url=https://www.engadget.com/uber-hack-no-evidence-sensitive-user-data-stolen-193949399.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62925047 | title=Uber investigating hack on its computer systems | date=September 16, 2022 | work=] | access-date=2022-09-19 }}</ref>


====Uber Rent==== ==Controversies==
{{main|Controversies surrounding Uber}}
Uber Rent, powered by ], was a ] service available to some users in San Francisco between May 2018 and November 2018.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://qz.com/1475251/uber-shut-down-uber-rent-its-rental-car-program-for-riders/ | title=Uber shut down its rental car program for Uber riders | first=Alison | last=Griswold | work=] | date=November 27, 2018}}</ref>
Like other ridesharing companies, the company classifies its drivers as ]s/]s. This figure has become the subject of legal action in several jurisdictions. The company has disrupted ] businesses and allegedly caused an increase in ]. Ridesharing companies are ] and the Uber platform is not available in several countries where the company is not able or willing to comply with local regulations. ] include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring and evading local regulations. Many of these were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of ].
===Ignoring and evading local regulations===
Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by ], to change regulations.<ref name=ignoring/> Uber argued that it is "a ]" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies.<ref name=ignoring/> Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission".<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://hbr.org/2017/06/uber-cant-be-fixed-its-time-for-regulators-to-shut-it-down | title=Uber Can't Be Fixed — It's Time for Regulators to Shut It Down | first=Benjamin | last=Edelman | work=] | date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/rideshare-drivers-told-to-ignore-regulations-uber-lyft-will-pay-citations-at-bay-area-airports/70918/ | title=Uber and Lyft Drivers Told to Ignore Regulations: Companies Pay Airport Citations for Drivers | first1=Elyce | last1=Kirchner | first2=David | last2=Paredes | work=] | date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> Uber's response to ], whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy.<ref name=ignoring>{{Cite news | title=Uber Became Big by Ignoring Laws (and It Plans to Keep Doing That) | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/8xwxyv/uber-became-big-by-ignoring-laws-and-it-plans-to-keep-doing-that | first1=Edward Jr. | last1=Ongweso | first2=Jason | last2=Koebler | work=] | date=September 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://prospect.org/justice/uber-goes-back-basics-violating-law/ | title=Uber Goes Back to Basics: Violating the Law | first=ALEXANDER | last=SAMMON | work=] | date=September 12, 2019}}</ref>


More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a ] who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa",<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Uber whistleblower: I'm exposing a system that sold people a lie |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |last2=Davies |first2=Harry |last3=O'Carroll |first3=Lisa |last4=Goodley |first4=Simon |last5=Lawrence |first5=Felicity |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 July 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/11/uber-files-whistleblower-lobbyist-mark-macgann}}</ref> to '']'' newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its ] '']''. The documents revealed attempts to lobby ], ] and ]; how ] secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a ] during police raids to conceal data. Travis Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber broke laws, duped police and built secret lobbying operation, leak reveals |last1=Davies |first1=Harry |last2=Goodley |first2=Simon |last3=Lawrence |first3=Felicity |last4=Lewis |first4=Paul |last5=O'Carroll |first5=Lisa |newspaper=] |date=10 July 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign }}</ref>
====Uber Works====
In October 2019, Uber launched Uber Works to connect workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses. The app was initially available only in ] and expanded to Miami in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-workers-chicago-idUSKBN1WI0BN |title=Uber launches app aimed at connecting workers with businesses | work=] | date=October 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article238461728.html|title=Uber is about to provide a lot more gig opportunities in Miami-Dade |last=Wile |first=Rob |work=]| date=December 18, 2019}}</ref> The service was shut down in May 2020.<ref name="cuts3000"/>


Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.courthousenews.com/boston-cab-drivers-lose-battle-with-uber-at-first-circuit/ | title=Boston cab drivers lose battle with Uber at First Circuit|first1=Emilee | last1=Larkin| work=Courthouse News Service | date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3488&context=vlr|title=John Greil, The Unfranchised Competitor Doctrine, 66 Villanova Law Review 357, 377 (2021)|website=digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu|access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
'''Uber AI'''


In March 2017, an investigation by '']'' revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in ], ], ], and ]. The tool identified government officials using ], mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media.<ref name=nyt_greyball>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html | first=Mike | last=Isaac | title=How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide | work=] | date=March 3, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305054555/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html | archive-date=March 5, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Heather | last=Somerville | work=] | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-greyball-idUSKBN16G041 | title=Uber prohibits use of 'Greyball' technology to evade authorities | date=March 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/blue-sky/ct-uber-greyball-20170303-story.html | title=Uber's secret 'Greyball' program shows just how far it will go to get its way | first1=Craig | last1=Timberg | first2=Brian | last2=Fung | work=] | date=March 3, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430185631/http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/technology/ct-uber-greyball-20170303-story.html | archive-date=April 30, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its ], after investigations by ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/03/ubers_greyball_scheme_to_thwar.html | title=Portland to investigate Uber's 'Greyball' scheme to thwart regulators | last=Njus | first=Elliot | work=] | date=March 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910203951/https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/03/ubers_greyball_scheme_to_thwar.html | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher=] | url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/saltzman/article/637492 | title=Transportation Network Companies: Regulation Evasion Audit | date=April 28, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503033639/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/saltzman/article/637492 | archive-date=May 3, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Njus | first=Elliot | title=Portland may subpoena Uber over regulator-dodging 'Greyball' software | url=https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2017/04/portland_may_subpoena_uber_ove.html | work=] | date=April 27, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910204341/https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/04/portland_may_subpoena_uber_ove.html | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-crime-exclusive/exclusive-uber-faces-criminal-probe-over-software-used-to-evade-authorities-idUSKBN1802U1 | title=Exclusive: Uber faces criminal probe over software used to evade authorities | first1=Dan | last1=Levine | first2=Joseph | last2=Menn | work=] | date=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/technology/uber-federal-inquiry-software-greyball.html | title=Uber Faces Federal Inquiry Over Use of Greyball Tool to Evade Authorities | first1=Mike | last1=Isaac | work=] | date=May 4, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Justice Department Expands Its Inquiry Into Uber's Greyball Tool | first1=Mike | last1=Isaac | work=] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/05/technology/uber-greyball-investigation-expands.html | date=May 5, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose.<ref>{{cite news | first1=Marco | last1=della Cava | website=] | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/08/uber-stop-using-greyball-target-regulators/98930282/ | title=Uber admits its ghost driver 'Greyball' tool was used to thwart regulators, vows to stop | date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428093119/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/08/uber-stop-using-greyball-target-regulators/98930282/ | archive-date=April 28, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/ | title=An update on "greyballing" | last=Sullivan | first=Joe | publisher=Uber | date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329151116/https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/ | archive-date=March 29, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The use of Greyball in London was cited by ] as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2017/september/licensing-decision-on-uber-london-limited | title=TFL decision on Uber London Limited | publisher=] | date=September 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/uber-lost-licence-operate-london-2017-9 | title=Uber has lost its licence to operate in London | website=] | date=September 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44594058 | title=Uber to begin appeal over London licence | work=] |date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> A January 2018 report by ] stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Zaleski | first1=Olivia | last2=Newcomer | first2=Eric | title=Uber's Secret Tool for Keeping the Cops in the Dark | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/uber-s-secret-tool-for-keeping-the-cops-in-the-dark | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921074043/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/uber-s-secret-tool-for-keeping-the-cops-in-the-dark | archive-date=September 21, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/report-uber-system-disrupted-government-investigations-2018-1 | title=Uber reportedly disrupted government investigations for almost 2 years with a 'secret' system called 'Ripley' | first=Mark | last=Matousek | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164928/https://www.businessinsider.com/report-uber-system-disrupted-government-investigations-2018-1 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/11/uber-developed-secret-system-to-lock-down-staff-computers-in-a-police-raid | title=Uber developed secret system to lock down staff computers in a police raid | first=Olivia | last=Solon | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111232714/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/11/uber-developed-secret-system-to-lock-down-staff-computers-in-a-police-raid | archive-date=January 11, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
In December 2016, Uber launched Uber AI, a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning.<ref name=":1" /> Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as , , and . Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the algorithm and their sequence of papers on ]. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020 in order to refocus on Uber's core operations in an effort to recover financial losses dealt by the ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bosa |first=Lauren Feiner,Deirdre |date=2020-05-18 |title=Uber to cut 3,000 more jobs |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/18/uber-reportedly-to-cut-3000-more-jobs.html |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>


===Traffic congestion===
==Controversies==
{{#section-h::Ridesharing company|Traffic congestion}}
{{main|Controversies involving Uber}}
{{see also|Ridesharing company#Criticism|Sharing economy#Criticism}}
{{Cleanup split|Controversies involving Uber|date=August 2022}}

===Ignoring and evading local regulations===
Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by ], to change regulations.<ref name=ignoring/> Uber argued that it is "a ]" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies.<ref name=ignoring/> Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission".<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://hbr.org/2017/06/uber-cant-be-fixed-its-time-for-regulators-to-shut-it-down | title=Uber Can't Be Fixed — It's Time for Regulators to Shut It Down | first=Benjamin | last=Edelman | work=] | date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/rideshare-drivers-told-to-ignore-regulations-uber-lyft-will-pay-citations-at-bay-area-airports/70918/ | title=Uber and Lyft Drivers Told to Ignore Regulations: Companies Pay Airport Citations for Drivers | first1=Elyce | last1=Kirchner | first2=David | last2=Paredes | work=] | date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> Uber's response to ], whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy.<ref name=ignoring>{{Cite news | title=Uber Became Big by Ignoring Laws (and It Plans to Keep Doing That) | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/8xwxyv/uber-became-big-by-ignoring-laws-and-it-plans-to-keep-doing-that | first1=Edward Jr. | last1=Ongweso | first2=Jason | last2=Koebler | work=] | date=September 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://prospect.org/justice/uber-goes-back-basics-violating-law/ | title=Uber Goes Back to Basics: Violating the Law | first=ALEXANDER | last=SAMMON | work=] | date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.courthousenews.com/boston-cab-drivers-lose-battle-with-uber-at-first-circuit/ | title=Boston cab drivers lose battle with Uber at First Circuit|first1=Emilee | last1=Larkin| work=Courthouse News Service | date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3488&context=vlr|title=John Greil, The Unfranchised Competitor Doctrine, 66 Villanova Law Review 357, 377 (2021)|website=digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu|access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>

In March 2017, an investigation by '']'' revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in ], ], ], and ]. The tool identified government officials using ], mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media.<ref name=nyt_greyball>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html | first=Mike | last=Isaac | title=How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide | work=] | date=March 3, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305054555/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html | archive-date=March 5, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Heather | last=Somerville | work=] | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-greyball-idUSKBN16G041 | title=Uber prohibits use of 'Greyball' technology to evade authorities | date=March 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/blue-sky/ct-uber-greyball-20170303-story.html | title=Uber's secret 'Greyball' program shows just how far it will go to get its way | first1=Craig | last1=Timberg | first2=Brian | last2=Fung | work=] | date=March 3, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430185631/http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/technology/ct-uber-greyball-20170303-story.html | archive-date=April 30, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its ], after investigations by ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/03/ubers_greyball_scheme_to_thwar.html | title=Portland to investigate Uber's 'Greyball' scheme to thwart regulators | last=Njus | first=Elliot | work=] | date=March 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910203951/https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/03/ubers_greyball_scheme_to_thwar.html | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher=] | url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/saltzman/article/637492 | title=Transportation Network Companies: Regulation Evasion Audit | date=April 28, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503033639/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/saltzman/article/637492 | archive-date=May 3, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Njus | first=Elliot | title=Portland may subpoena Uber over regulator-dodging 'Greyball' software | url=https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2017/04/portland_may_subpoena_uber_ove.html | work=] | date=April 27, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910204341/https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/04/portland_may_subpoena_uber_ove.html | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-crime-exclusive/exclusive-uber-faces-criminal-probe-over-software-used-to-evade-authorities-idUSKBN1802U1 | title=Exclusive: Uber faces criminal probe over software used to evade authorities | first1=Dan | last1=Levine | first2=Joseph | last2=Menn | work=] | date=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/technology/uber-federal-inquiry-software-greyball.html | title=Uber Faces Federal Inquiry Over Use of Greyball Tool to Evade Authorities | first1=Mike | last1=Isaac | work=] | date=May 4, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Justice Department Expands Its Inquiry Into Uber's Greyball Tool | first1=Mike | last1=Isaac | work=] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/05/technology/uber-greyball-investigation-expands.html | date=May 5, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose.<ref>{{cite news | first1=Marco | last1=della Cava | website=] | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/08/uber-stop-using-greyball-target-regulators/98930282/ | title=Uber admits its ghost driver 'Greyball' tool was used to thwart regulators, vows to stop | date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428093119/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/08/uber-stop-using-greyball-target-regulators/98930282/ | archive-date=April 28, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/ | title=An update on "greyballing" | last=Sullivan | first=Joe | publisher=Uber | date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329151116/https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/ | archive-date=March 29, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The use of Greyball in London was cited by ] as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2017/september/licensing-decision-on-uber-london-limited | title=TFL decision on Uber London Limited | publisher=] | date=September 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/uber-lost-licence-operate-london-2017-9 | title=Uber has lost its licence to operate in London | website=] | date=September 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44594058 | title=Uber to begin appeal over London licence | work=] |date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> A January 2018 report by ] stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Zaleski | first1=Olivia | last2=Newcomer | first2=Eric | title=Uber's Secret Tool for Keeping the Cops in the Dark | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/uber-s-secret-tool-for-keeping-the-cops-in-the-dark | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921074043/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/uber-s-secret-tool-for-keeping-the-cops-in-the-dark | archive-date=September 21, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/report-uber-system-disrupted-government-investigations-2018-1 | title=Uber reportedly disrupted government investigations for almost 2 years with a 'secret' system called 'Ripley' | first=Mark | last=Matousek | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164928/https://www.businessinsider.com/report-uber-system-disrupted-government-investigations-2018-1 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/11/uber-developed-secret-system-to-lock-down-staff-computers-in-a-police-raid | title=Uber developed secret system to lock down staff computers in a police raid | first=Olivia | last=Solon | work=] | date=January 11, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111232714/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/11/uber-developed-secret-system-to-lock-down-staff-computers-in-a-police-raid | archive-date=January 11, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>


===Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs=== ===Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs===
In 2016 Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/10/12127638/uber-ergo-investigation-lawsuit-fraud-travis-kalanick | title =How Uber secretly investigated its legal foes — and got caught | last2 =Hawkins | first2 =Andrew | last1 =Brandom | first1 =Russel | date =July 10, 2016 | website =theverge.com | publisher =The Verge | access-date =July 18, 2022 | quote =By the end of the week, Henley was on the phone with a corporate research firm called Ergo, also known as Global Precision Research LLC, asking for help with "a sensitive, very under-the-radar investigation." After a few emails, Henley worked out the terms of the deal with an Ergo executive named Todd Egeland. It would be a "level two" investigation, the middle of the three levels of work offered by Ergo. It would be drawn from seven source interviews conducted over the course of 10 days, for which Uber would pay $19,500. As with any Ergo investigation, the confidentiality of the client was paramount, and sources were never meant to know who was paying for the research. "We do quite a bit of this work for law firms," Egeland reassured him. (Ergo did not respond to requests for comment.) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-uber-rakoff-20160610-snap-story.html | title =Column: How sleazy is Uber? This federal judge wants to know | last =Hiltzik | first =Michael | date =June 10, 2016 | website =Los Angeles Times| access-date =July 22, 2022 | quote =As it turns out, it was them. Uber confessed in February that it had hired the security firm Ergo to investigate Mayer and his lawyers. In fact, Meyer’s lawyers say Ergo’s investigative report was circulating in Uber’s offices and may have been in the hands of the company’s general counsel, Salle Yoo, on January 20, the very day the company’s lawyers were saying “it is not us.” }}</ref> In 2016, Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/10/12127638/uber-ergo-investigation-lawsuit-fraud-travis-kalanick | title =How Uber secretly investigated its legal foes — and got caught | last2 =Hawkins | first2 =Andrew | last1 =Brandom | first1 =Russel | date =July 10, 2016 | website =theverge.com | publisher =The Verge | access-date =July 18, 2022 | quote =By the end of the week, Henley was on the phone with a corporate research firm called Ergo, also known as Global Precision Research LLC, asking for help with "a sensitive, very under-the-radar investigation." After a few emails, Henley worked out the terms of the deal with an Ergo executive named Todd Egeland. It would be a "level two" investigation, the middle of the three levels of work offered by Ergo. It would be drawn from seven source interviews conducted over the course of 10 days, for which Uber would pay $19,500. As with any Ergo investigation, the confidentiality of the client was paramount, and sources were never meant to know who was paying for the research. "We do quite a bit of this work for law firms," Egeland reassured him. (Ergo did not respond to requests for comment.) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-uber-rakoff-20160610-snap-story.html | title =Column: How sleazy is Uber? This federal judge wants to know | last =Hiltzik | first =Michael | date =June 10, 2016 | website =Los Angeles Times| access-date =July 22, 2022 | quote =As it turns out, it was them. Uber confessed in February that it had hired the security firm Ergo to investigate Mayer and his lawyers. In fact, Meyer’s lawyers say Ergo’s investigative report was circulating in Uber’s offices and may have been in the hands of the company’s general counsel, Salle Yoo, on January 20, the very day the company’s lawyers were saying “it is not us.” }}</ref>


===Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)=== ===Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)===
On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer ] published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with ] by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was alleged to have been aware of the complaint.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber | title=Reflecting on one very, very strange year at Uber | first=Susan | last=Fowler | author-link=Susan Fowler | date=February 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/02/uber-ceo-orders-urgent-investigation-into-sexual-harassment-allegations | title=Uber C.E.O. Orders "Urgent Investigation" into Sexual Harassment Allegations | work=] | first=Maya | last=Kosoff | date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=July 13, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713100734/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/02/uber-ceo-orders-urgent-investigation-into-sexual-harassment-allegations | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On February 27, 2017, ], Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a ] claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html | title=Amit Singhal, Uber Executive Linked to Old Harassment Claim, Resigns | work=] | first=Mike | last=Isaac | date=February 27, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308220211/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> After investigations led by former attorney general ] and ], a member of Uber's ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-eric-holder-20170221-story.html | title=Uber hires Eric Holder to investigate sexual harassment claims | last=Overly | first=Steven | work=] | date=February 21, 2017 | archive-date=February 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221212821/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-eric-holder-20170221-story.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation | title=Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation | first=Olivia | last=Solon | work=] | date=June 7, 2016 | issn=0261-3077 | archive-date=June 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607072309/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2017/06/06/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation/ | title=Uber Fires More Than 20 Employees After Harassment Investigation: Report | first=Polina | last=Marinova | work=] | date=June 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608214413/http://fortune.com/2017/06/06/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation/ | archive-date=June 8, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick.html | title=Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Resigns as C.E.O. | last=Isaac | first=Mike | work=] | date=June 21, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-date=June 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621140538/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Segall | first=Laurie | author-link=Laurie Segall | url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-travis-kalanick-resignation/index.html | title=Travis Kalanick resigns as Uber CEO after months of crisis | work=] | date=June 21, 2017 | archive-date=August 31, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831175001/https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-travis-kalanick-resignation/index.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Also departing the company in June 2017 was ], a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting ], editor of ], who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of ] and ] in its advertising.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/ | title=The horrific trickle down of Asshole culture: Why I've just deleted Uber from my phone | first=Sarah | last=Lacy | author-link=Sarah Lacy | work=] | date=October 22, 2014 | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910094635/https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists | title=Uber Executive Suggests Digging Up Dirt On Journalists | first=Ben | last=Smith | work=] | date=November 17, 2014| archive-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124113/https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/emil-michael-of-uber-proposes-digging-into-journalists-private-lives/ | title=Uber Executive Proposes Digging into Journalists' Private Lives | last=Isaac | first=Mike | work=] | date=November 18, 2014 | url-access=limited | archive-date=November 3, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103020355/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/emil-michael-of-uber-proposes-digging-into-journalists-private-lives | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://pando.com/2014/11/17/the-moment-i-learned-just-how-far-uber-will-go-to-silence-journalists-and-attack-women/ | title=The moment I learned just how far Uber will go to silence journalists and attack women | last=Lacy | first=Sarah | author-link=Sarah Lacy | work=] | date=November 17, 2014 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202245/https://pando.com/2014/11/17/the-moment-i-learned-just-how-far-uber-will-go-to-silence-journalists-and-attack-women/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://time.com/5023287/uber-threatened-journalist-sarah-lacy/ | title=Uber Executive Said the Company Would Spend 'A Million Dollars' to Shut Me Up | last=Lacy | first=Sarah | author-link=Sarah Lacy | magazine=] | date=November 14, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728010303/http://time.com/5023287/uber-threatened-journalist-sarah-lacy/ | archive-date=July 28, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://qz.com/1003453/emil-michael-ubers-most-scandal-ridden-exec-is-reportedly-out/ | title=Uber's most scandal-ridden exec is out – and it's not Travis Kalanick | first=Alison | last=Griswold | work=] | date=June 12, 2017 | archive-date=September 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185330/https://qz.com/1003453/emil-michael-ubers-most-scandal-ridden-exec-is-reportedly-out/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/21/technology/uber-settlement/index.html | title=Uber to pay 56 workers $1.9 million for harassment and discrimination claims | first=Sara Ashley | last=O'Brien | work=] | date=August 22, 2018 | archive-date=September 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909191906/https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/21/technology/uber-settlement/index.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the ] of the company and sold his shares.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/24/travis-kalanick-to-depart-uber-board-of-directors.html | title=Travis Kalanick severs all ties with Uber, departing board and selling all his shares | first=Annie | last=Palmer | work=] | date=December 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/technology/uber-travis-kalanick.html | title=Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Leaves Board, Severing Last Tie | first=Kate | last=Conger | work=] | date=December 24, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-co-founder-travis-kalanick-to-depart-companys-board-11577196747 | title=Uber Co-Founder Travis Kalanick Departs Board, Sells All His Shares | first=Eliot | last=Brown | work=] | date=December 24, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/travis-kalanick-quits-ubers-board-sells-off-all-his-uber-stock/ | title=Travis Kalanick quits Uber's board, sells off all his Uber stock | first=TIMOTHY B. |last=LEE | work=] | date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer ] published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with ] by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was allegedly aware of the complaint.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber | title=Reflecting on one very, very strange year at Uber | first=Susan | last=Fowler | author-link=Susan Fowler | date=February 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/02/uber-ceo-orders-urgent-investigation-into-sexual-harassment-allegations | title=Uber C.E.O. Orders "Urgent Investigation" into Sexual Harassment Allegations | work=] | first=Maya | last=Kosoff | date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=July 13, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713100734/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/02/uber-ceo-orders-urgent-investigation-into-sexual-harassment-allegations | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On February 27, 2017, ], Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a ] claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html | title=Amit Singhal, Uber Executive Linked to Old Harassment Claim, Resigns | work=] | first=Mike | last=Isaac | date=February 27, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308220211/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> After investigations led by former attorney general ] and ], a member of Uber's ],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-eric-holder-20170221-story.html | title=Uber hires Eric Holder to investigate sexual harassment claims | last=Overly | first=Steven | work=] | date=February 21, 2017 | archive-date=February 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221212821/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-eric-holder-20170221-story.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation | title=Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation | first=Olivia | last=Solon | work=] | date=June 7, 2016 | issn=0261-3077 | archive-date=June 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607072309/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2017/06/06/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation/ | title=Uber Fires More Than 20 Employees After Harassment Investigation: Report | first=Polina | last=Marinova | work=] | date=June 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608214413/http://fortune.com/2017/06/06/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation/ | archive-date=June 8, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick.html | title=Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Resigns as C.E.O. | last=Isaac | first=Mike | work=] | date=June 21, 2017 | url-access=limited | archive-date=June 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621140538/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Segall | first=Laurie | author-link=Laurie Segall | url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-travis-kalanick-resignation/index.html | title=Travis Kalanick resigns as Uber CEO after months of crisis | work=] | date=June 21, 2017 | archive-date=August 31, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831175001/https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-travis-kalanick-resignation/index.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Also departing the company in June 2017 was ], a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting ], editor of ], who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of ] and ] in its advertising.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/ | title=The horrific trickle down of Asshole culture: Why I've just deleted Uber from my phone | first=Sarah | last=Lacy | author-link=Sarah Lacy | work=] | date=October 22, 2014 | archive-date=September 10, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910094635/https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists | title=Uber Executive Suggests Digging Up Dirt On Journalists | first=Ben | last=Smith | work=] | date=November 17, 2014| archive-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124113/https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/emil-michael-of-uber-proposes-digging-into-journalists-private-lives/ | title=Uber Executive Proposes Digging into Journalists' Private Lives | last=Isaac | first=Mike | work=] | date=November 18, 2014 | url-access=limited | archive-date=November 3, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103020355/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/emil-michael-of-uber-proposes-digging-into-journalists-private-lives | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://pando.com/2014/11/17/the-moment-i-learned-just-how-far-uber-will-go-to-silence-journalists-and-attack-women/ | title=The moment I learned just how far Uber will go to silence journalists and attack women | last=Lacy | first=Sarah | author-link=Sarah Lacy | work=] | date=November 17, 2014 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202245/https://pando.com/2014/11/17/the-moment-i-learned-just-how-far-uber-will-go-to-silence-journalists-and-attack-women/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://time.com/5023287/uber-threatened-journalist-sarah-lacy/ | title=Uber Executive Said the Company Would Spend 'A Million Dollars' to Shut Me Up | last=Lacy | first=Sarah | author-link=Sarah Lacy | magazine=] | date=November 14, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728010303/http://time.com/5023287/uber-threatened-journalist-sarah-lacy/ | archive-date=July 28, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://qz.com/1003453/emil-michael-ubers-most-scandal-ridden-exec-is-reportedly-out/ | title=Uber's most scandal-ridden exec is out – and it's not Travis Kalanick | first=Alison | last=Griswold | work=] | date=June 12, 2017 | archive-date=September 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185330/https://qz.com/1003453/emil-michael-ubers-most-scandal-ridden-exec-is-reportedly-out/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/21/technology/uber-settlement/index.html | title=Uber to pay 56 workers $1.9 million for harassment and discrimination claims | first=Sara Ashley | last=O'Brien | work=] | date=August 22, 2018 | archive-date=September 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909191906/https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/21/technology/uber-settlement/index.html | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the ] of the company and sold his shares.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/24/travis-kalanick-to-depart-uber-board-of-directors.html | title=Travis Kalanick severs all ties with Uber, departing board and selling all his shares | first=Annie | last=Palmer | work=] | date=December 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/technology/uber-travis-kalanick.html | title=Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Leaves Board, Severing Last Tie | first=Kate | last=Conger | work=] | date=December 24, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-co-founder-travis-kalanick-to-depart-companys-board-11577196747 | title=Uber Co-Founder Travis Kalanick Departs Board, Sells All His Shares | first=Eliot | last=Brown | work=] | date=December 24, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/travis-kalanick-quits-ubers-board-sells-off-all-his-uber-stock/ | title=Travis Kalanick quits Uber's board, sells off all his Uber stock | first=TIMOTHY B. |last=LEE | work=] | date=December 24, 2019}}</ref>


===Delayed disclosure of data breaches=== ===Delayed disclosure of data breaches===
On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a ] more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Guess | first1=Megan | title=50,000 Uber driver names, license plate numbers exposed in a data breach | url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/02/50000-uber-driver-names-license-plate-numbers-exposed-in-a-data-breach/ | work=] | date=February 28, 2015 | archive-date=November 25, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125151136/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/02/50000-uber-driver-names-license-plate-numbers-exposed-in-a-data-breach/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/27/uber-database-breach-exposed-information-of-50000-drivers-company-confirms/ | title=Uber Database Breach Exposed Information Of 50,000 Drivers, Company Confirms | last=Taylor | first=Colleen | work=] | date=February 22, 2015 | archive-date=December 30, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230044044/https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/27/uber-database-breach-exposed-information-of-50000-drivers-company-confirms/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a ] more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Guess | first1=Megan | title=50,000 Uber driver names, license plate numbers exposed in a data breach | url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/02/50000-uber-driver-names-license-plate-numbers-exposed-in-a-data-breach/ | work=] | date=February 28, 2015 | archive-date=November 25, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125151136/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/02/50000-uber-driver-names-license-plate-numbers-exposed-in-a-data-breach/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/27/uber-database-breach-exposed-information-of-50000-drivers-company-confirms/ | title=Uber Database Breach Exposed Information Of 50,000 Drivers, Company Confirms | last=Taylor | first=Colleen | work=] | date=February 22, 2015 | archive-date=December 30, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230044044/https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/27/uber-database-breach-exposed-information-of-50000-drivers-company-confirms/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>


An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a "]" method) to gain access to a private ] repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's ] datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 ] buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data.<ref>{{cite news | last=Lee | first=Dave | title=Uber concealed huge data breach | work=] | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42075306 | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=June 25, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625153418/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42075306 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Farivar | first=Cyrus | title=Hackers hit Uber in 2016: data on 57 million riders, drivers stolen | url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/report-uber-paid-hackers-100000-to-keep-2016-data-breach-quiet/ | work=] | date=November 21, 2017 | archive-date=November 22, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122092119/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/report-uber-paid-hackers-100000-to-keep-2016-data-breach-quiet/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/22/uber-scrutiny-data-breach-hacking | title=Uber faces slew of investigations in wake of 'outrageous' data hack cover-up | first=Julia Carrie | last=Wong | work=] | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=November 22, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122220336/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/22/uber-scrutiny-data-breach-hacking | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> Khosrowshahi publicly apologized.<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Paid Hackers to Delete Stolen Data on 57 Million People | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-21/uber-concealed-cyberattack-that-exposed-57-million-people-s-data | work=] | date=November 21, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-date=November 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121220601/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-21/uber-concealed-cyberattack-that-exposed-57-million-people-s-data | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/uber-reveals-coverup-of-hack-affecting-57m-riders-drivers-2 | title=Uber reveals coverup of hack affecting 57M riders, drivers | first=Michael | last=Liedtke | agency=] | work=] | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164515/https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/uber-reveals-coverup-of-hack-affecting-57m-riders-drivers-2 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the ], admitted that its claim that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-to-pay-148-million-penalty-to-settle-2016-data-breach-1537983127 | title=Uber to Pay $148 Million Penalty to Settle 2016 Data Breach | last=Al-Muslim | first=Aisha | work=] | date=September 26, 2018 | issn=0099-9660 | archive-date=September 27, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927030837/https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-to-pay-148-million-penalty-to-settle-2016-data-breach-1537983127 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2018/04/uber-agrees-expanded-settlement-ftc-related-privacy-security | title=Uber Agrees to Expanded Settlement with FTC Related to Privacy, Security Claims | work=] | date=April 12, 2018 | archive-date=September 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185028/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2018/04/uber-agrees-expanded-settlement-ftc-related-privacy-security | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/09/26/uber-reaches-million-settlement-over-its-data-breach-which-affected-million-globally/ | title=Uber reaches $148 million settlement over its 2016 data breach, which affected 57 million globally | last=Fung | first=Brian | newspaper=] | date=September 26, 2018 | archive-date=September 26, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926175729/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/09/26/uber-reaches-million-settlement-over-its-data-breach-which-affected-million-globally/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> Also in November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/mpns/2553890/uber-monetary-penalty-notice-26-november-2018.pdf | title=Monetary Penalty Notice (Uber) | publisher=] | date=27 November 2018 | archive-date=November 28, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128164802/https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/mpns/2553890/uber-monetary-penalty-notice-26-november-2018.pdf | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a "]" method) to gain access to a private ] repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's ] datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 ] buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data.<ref>{{cite news | last=Lee | first=Dave | title=Uber concealed huge data breach | work=] | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42075306 | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=June 25, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625153418/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42075306 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Farivar | first=Cyrus | title=Hackers hit Uber in 2016: data on 57 million riders, drivers stolen | url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/report-uber-paid-hackers-100000-to-keep-2016-data-breach-quiet/ | work=] | date=November 21, 2017 | archive-date=November 22, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122092119/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/report-uber-paid-hackers-100000-to-keep-2016-data-breach-quiet/ | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/22/uber-scrutiny-data-breach-hacking | title=Uber faces slew of investigations in wake of 'outrageous' data hack cover-up | first=Julia Carrie | last=Wong | author-link=Julia Carrie Wong | work=] | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=November 22, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122220336/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/22/uber-scrutiny-data-breach-hacking | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> Dara Khosrowshahi publicly apologized.<ref>{{cite news | title=Uber Paid Hackers to Delete Stolen Data on 57 Million People | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-21/uber-concealed-cyberattack-that-exposed-57-million-people-s-data | work=] | date=November 21, 2017 | url-access=subscription | archive-date=November 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121220601/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-21/uber-concealed-cyberattack-that-exposed-57-million-people-s-data | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/uber-reveals-coverup-of-hack-affecting-57m-riders-drivers-2 | title=Uber reveals coverup of hack affecting 57M riders, drivers | first=Michael | last=Liedtke | agency=] | work=] | date=November 22, 2017 | archive-date=September 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164515/https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/uber-reveals-coverup-of-hack-affecting-57m-riders-drivers-2 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the ], and admitted that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-to-pay-148-million-penalty-to-settle-2016-data-breach-1537983127 | title=Uber to Pay $148 Million Penalty to Settle 2016 Data Breach | last=Al-Muslim | first=Aisha | work=] | date=September 26, 2018 | issn=0099-9660 | archive-date=September 27, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927030837/https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-to-pay-148-million-penalty-to-settle-2016-data-breach-1537983127 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all}}</ref> In November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/mpns/2553890/uber-monetary-penalty-notice-26-november-2018.pdf | title=Monetary Penalty Notice (Uber) | publisher=] | date=27 November 2018 | archive-date=November 28, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128164802/https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/mpns/2553890/uber-monetary-penalty-notice-26-november-2018.pdf | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>


In 2020, the ] announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer ] for ]. The criminal complaint said Sullivan arranged, with Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/08/20/904113981/former-uber-executive-charged-with-paying-hush-money-to-conceal-massive-breach |title=Former Uber Executive Charged With Paying 'Hush Money' To Conceal Massive Breach | first=SHANNON | last=BOND | work=] | date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> In 2020, the ] announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer ] for ]. The criminal complaint said Joe Sullivan arranged with Travis Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/08/20/904113981/former-uber-executive-charged-with-paying-hush-money-to-conceal-massive-breach |title=Former Uber Executive Charged With Paying 'Hush Money' To Conceal Massive Breach | first=SHANNON | last=BOND | work=] | date=August 20, 2020}}</ref>


===Privacy===
===2022 leak documenting misdeeds===
In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the ],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-2017 | title=Who Has Your Back? Government Data Requests 2017 | first=Rainey | last=Reitman | work=] | date=July 10, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915003333/https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-2017 | archive-date=September 15, 2018 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> but was harshly criticized by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gebhart |first=Kurt Opsahl and Gennie|title=In A Win For Privacy, Uber Restores User Control Over Location-Sharing |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/09/win-privacy-uber-restores-user-control-over-location-sharing| website=] | date=September 18, 2017}}</ref>
{{main|Uber Files}}
More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a ] who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa",<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Uber whistleblower: I'm exposing a system that sold people a lie |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |last2=Davies |first2=Harry |last3=O'Carroll |first3=Lisa |last4=Goodley |first4=Simon |last5=Lawrence |first5=Felicity |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 July 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/11/uber-files-whistleblower-lobbyist-mark-macgann}}</ref> to '']'' newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its ] '']''. The documents revealed attempts to lobby ], ] and ]; how ] secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a ] during police raids to conceal data. Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber broke laws, duped police and built secret lobbying operation, leak reveals |last1=Davies |first1=Harry |last2=Goodley |first2=Simon |last3=Lawrence |first3=Felicity |last4=Lewis |first4=Paul |last5=O'Carroll |first5=Lisa |newspaper=] |date=10 July 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign }}</ref>


In January 2024, Uber was fined 10 million euros ($11 million) by the ] for violating privacy regulations pertaining to the personal data of its drivers. The authority determined that Uber had failed to provide clear information in its terms and conditions regarding the duration for which it retained drivers' personal data, as well as the measures taken to secure this data when transmitting it to undisclosed entities outside the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/dutch-watchdog-fines-uber-10-mln-euros-over-privacy-regulations-infringement-2024-01-31/|title=Dutch watchdog fines Uber 10 mln euros over privacy regulations infringement &#124; Reuters|website=] }}</ref>
===Status of employees===
On October 25, 2022, New Zealand ] Chief Judge Christina Inglis ruled that Uber drivers operating in New Zealand are employees rather than contractors, entitling them to a range of workers' rights and protections under New Zealand law. Inglis ruled in favor of four Uber drivers, who had challenged Uber's position that the drivers were independent contractors. The drivers were supported by trade unions ] and ], who welcomed the court ruling due to its international implications. In response, Uber expressed disappointment with the Employment Court's decision and confirmed that they would file an appeal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McClure |first1=Tess |title=New Zealand Uber drivers win landmark case declaring them employees |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/25/new-zealand-uber-drivers-win-landmark-case-declaring-them-employees |access-date=26 October 2022 |work=] |date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025210833/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/25/new-zealand-uber-drivers-win-landmark-case-declaring-them-employees |archive-date=25 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Carroll |first1=Melanie |title=Explainer: What happens now that four NZ Uber drivers have been ruled employees? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/explained/130271730/explainer-what-happens-now-that-four-nz-uber-drivers-have-been-ruled-employees |access-date=26 October 2022 |work=] |date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026215134/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/explained/130271730/explainer-what-happens-now-that-four-nz-uber-drivers-have-been-ruled-employees |archive-date=25 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>


In August 2024, Uber was fined €290m euros ($324 million) by the Dutch Data Protection Authority for transferring the personal data of European drivers to US servers in breach of the ].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Hafsa Khalil |title=Uber fined €290m for personal data transfer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy76v561g48o |publisher=BBC News |date=26 August 2024}}</ref>
== Environmental Concerns ==
All vehicles in the US are required to receive certification for compliance from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) before they are sold, which includes all Uber vehicles. However, the EPA will also be adopting regulations on vehicle emissions. On the state level, Uber is already adhering to new regulations like California’s Clean Miles Standard,<ref>{{Cite web |title=California requires zero-emissions vehicle use for ridesharing services, another step toward achieving the state’s climate goals {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-requires-zero-emissions-vehicle-use-ridesharing-services-another-step-toward |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=ww2.arb.ca.gov}}</ref> which requires at least 90% of the miles traveled by rideshares to be in zero emission vehicles by 2030. Ubers in Europe’s transportation industry are required to follow both the European Commission (EC) and the United Nations Economic Commission (UN ECE) for Europe’s regulations on emissions. For example, London's Congestion Charge Zone and Ultra Low Emission Zone charges fees for those who drive fossil-fueled vehicles which, as Uber explains in their 2022 10-K filing to the Securities and Exchange Commission,<ref name=":02">Uber Technologies, Inc. (2022, February 24). ''Form 10-K''. Mergent Intellect. <nowiki>https://www.mergentintellect.com/</nowiki></ref> makes it harder for them to retain drivers. Another recent update to Europe's regulations has been to reduce diesel emissions. However, these new green advancements in diesel engines could increase costs for drivers, riders, and Uber.<ref>GlobalData. (2022, October. ''Uber Technologies, Inc''. . D&B Hoovers. <nowiki>http://logon.onesource.com/</nowiki></ref>


=== Labor ===
According to their 2022 10-K filing,<ref name=":02" /> Uber disclosed to their shareholders that their company is exposed to risks from climate change and that their business may be negatively affected by these risks. For example, their filing discusses public favorability for electric vehicles and low carbon business plans, and extreme weather and its impacts on the economy like decreased demand and supply-chain disruptions.
In February 2023, Uber drivers went on strike in the US and UK to protest wages and fees. They were joined by drivers from ] and ] delivery workers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=Date night strike: Thousands of US, UK delivery, ride-hailing drivers stop work on Valentine's Day |url=https://apnews.com/article/uber-lyft-drivers-strike-valentines-day-e22eee6bb6c008a7dc05a32061e8ab55 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>


=== Ads and promotions ===
Uber's climate change initiatives include new programs like Uber Green. In a 2022 interview with the Toronto Star,<ref>The Toronto Star. (March 12, 2022). ''Uber Canada exec takes front seat; Fixing freight, going green - and his most-ordered meal deliveries.'' Nexis Uni. https://www.lexisnexis.com/</ref> Uber's Senior Vice President of Mobility and Business Operations Andrew Macdonald explained that Uber Green gives riders an option to choose a zero or low-emission vehicle for their ride for an extra fee, while Uber gives drivers an extra dollar for every trip done in an electric vehicle. Uber has also committed to using only renewable energy in all of their U.S. offices by 2025, having net zero emissions for their corporate operations by 2023, and being a net zero company by 2040.<ref name=":02" /> However, Uber also explained in their 2022 10-K filing<ref name=":02" /> that while they are committed to combating climate change by investing their time and resources, they would accelerate or delay their initiatives if they faced uncontrollable circumstances. For example, during the coronavirus pandemic, they explained that they were unable to devote resources to their climate change commitments. Uber acknowledges in this filing how failing to attain their climate-related goals could negatively impact their costs, operations, and company image overall.<ref name=":02" />
In March 2024, '']'' reported a trend of popular service apps like Uber emphasizing higher margin advertising to increase profits. The reporting mentioned Uber personalizing content based on user data and maintain the balance between increasing ad revenue and annoying and turning away customers. It noted that Uber was showing customers one ad per trip and how it tried to implement push alerts before moving away from them given the response from customers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rana |first=Preetika |title=Uber and Instacart Are Showing More Ads in Their Apps. Not All Customers Like It. |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/uber-lyft-instacart-app-ads-users-97b096e2 |access-date=2024-03-08 |work=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Passenger Safety and Sexual Assault Lawsuits (2024) ===
In February 2024, a multidistrict litigation (MDL) was established in the Northern District of California against Uber Technologies, Inc., consolidating numerous claims from among the more than 3,000 sexual assault lawsuits filed against the company in state and federal courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Uber Sexual Assault Lawsuit - Legal Action for Uber Sexual Assault Victims |url=https://www.torhoermanlaw.com/uber-sexual-assault-lawsuit/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=TorHoerman Law, LLC |language=en}}</ref> These lawsuits allege Uber prioritized growth over safety by using inadequate background checks, skipping in-person driver vetting, and failing to invest in preventive measures such as cameras or monitoring systems.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In re: Uber Technologies, Passenger Sexual Assault Litigation (MDL No. 3084) |url=https://cand.uscourts.gov/judges/breyer-charles-r-crb/ubermdl/ |website=United States District Court Northern District of California |language=en}}</ref> It also claims Uber knowingly put vulnerable passengers, such as intoxicated women, at risk through its marketing and business practices. The litigation seeks injunctive relief, damages and changes to Uber’s safety policies. Some survivors have chosen to pursue justice in state courts outside of the MDL, seeking faster resolutions and a more individualized approach.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Uber's Terms of Use Fails to Split Up Mass Sexual Assault Suits |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/ubers-terms-of-use-fails-to-split-up-mass-sexual-assault-suits |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Bloomberg Law |language=en}}</ref>

==Finances==
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: right;"
|+Uber revenue and net income in billion {{US$|link=yes}}<ref name="business-apps-uber">{{citation |url=https://www.businessofapps.com/data/uber-statistics/ |title=Uber Revenue and Usage Statistics (2022) |website=Business of Apps |date=February 20, 2023 |access-date=February 28, 2023}}</ref>
!Year!!Revenue!!Net income
|-
|2023||37.3||1.887
|-
|2022||31.8||−{{color|red|9.1}}
|-
|2021||17.4||−{{color|red|0.4}}
|-
|2020||11.1||−{{color|red|6.7}}
|-
|2019||14.1||−{{color|red|8.5}}
|-
|2018||11.3||1
|-
|2017||7.9||−{{color|red|4}}
|-
|2016||5||−{{color|red|3.6}}
|-
|2015||1.7||−{{color|red|1.6}}
|-
|2014||0.4||−{{color|red|0.7}}
|}
Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year from 2014 until 2022 except for 2018, when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses.<ref>{{citation |author=Jon Russell |title=Uber has already made billions from its exits in China, Russia and Southeast Asia |date=April 12, 2019 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/11/uber-global-exits-billions/ |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> By the end of 2022, Uber had US$32.11 billion in assets and $24.03 billion in liabilities. Uber posted annual operating profits in 2023, totaling $1.88 billion,<ref name=10KFeb2024 /> after accumulating $31.5 billion in operating losses since 2014.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.ft.com/content/dae2b90e-1ba0-4e8f-aabc-34aae4ca05d7 |title=Uber makes first operating profit after racking up $31.5bn of losses |author=Richard Waters |date=August 1, 2023 |website=] |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|width=180 | height=170
|align=center
|File:Uber ride Bogota (10277864666).jpg|An Uber driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone
|File:Jupiter clipper uberboat.jpg|Uber Boat by ] on River Thames, London
}}


==References== ==References==
Line 190: Line 224:
* {{cite web | first=Georgios | last=Petropoulos | title=Uber and the economic impact of sharing economy platforms | url=https://www.bruegel.org/2016/02/uber-and-the-economic-impact-of-sharing-economy-platforms/ | publisher=] | date=February 22, 2016}} * {{cite web | first=Georgios | last=Petropoulos | title=Uber and the economic impact of sharing economy platforms | url=https://www.bruegel.org/2016/02/uber-and-the-economic-impact-of-sharing-economy-platforms/ | publisher=] | date=February 22, 2016}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Noto La Diega |first1=Guido |title=Uber law and awareness by design. An empirical study on online platforms and dehumanised negotiations |journal=Revue européenne de droit de la consommation/ European Journal of Consumer Law | date=2016 |volume=2016 |issue=II |pages=383–413 | url=http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/27866/1/Guido-REDC.pdf | via=Northumbria Research Link}} * {{cite journal |last1=Noto La Diega |first1=Guido |title=Uber law and awareness by design. An empirical study on online platforms and dehumanised negotiations |journal=Revue européenne de droit de la consommation/ European Journal of Consumer Law | date=2016 |volume=2016 |issue=II |pages=383–413 | url=http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/27866/1/Guido-REDC.pdf | via=Northumbria Research Link}}
* {{cite book|first1=Juliana Carreiro Corbal |last1=Oitaven |first2=Rodrigo de Lacerda |last2=Carelli |first3=Cássio Luís |last3=Casagrande| url=https://csb.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CONAFRET_WEB-compressed.pdf|title=Empresas de transporte, plataformas digitais e a relação de emprego: um estudo do trabalho subordinado sob aplicativos|date=2019|location=Brasília|publisher=Ministério Público do Trabalho|isbn=978-8566507270|language=pt}} * {{cite book |first1=Juliana Carreiro Corbal |last1=Oitaven |first2=Rodrigo de Lacerda |last2=Carelli |first3=Cássio Luís |last3=Casagrande| url=https://csb.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CONAFRET_WEB-compressed.pdf |title=Empresas de transporte, plataformas digitais e a relação de emprego: um estudo do trabalho subordinado sob aplicativos | year=2018| location=Brasília |publisher=Ministério Público do Trabalho |isbn=9788566507270 |language=pt}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rogers | first=B. | title=The Social Costs of Uber | date=2015| volume=82 |journal=University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue |page=85}} * {{cite journal|last=Rogers | first=B. | title=The Social Costs of Uber | date=2015| volume=82 |journal=] |page=85 |ssrn=2608017}}


'''Books''' '''Books'''
* Isaac, Mike (2019). '']''. New York. {{ISBN|978-0393652246}}. {{OCLC|1090686951}} * {{cite book|last=Isaac|first=Mike|date=2019|title=]|location=New York|publisher=]|isbn=978-0393652246}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Brad |author-link=Brad Stone (journalist) | url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/953598607 |title=The Upstarts : How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley are Changing the World | year=2017 |isbn=9780316388399 | edition=1st |publisher=] |location=New York}}

'''Articles'''
* . ''The Guardian''. July 11, 2022.


===Further viewing=== ===Further viewing===
* PBS * PBS, October 3, 2019


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Uber (company)}} {{commons category|Uber (company)}}
{{Wikinews category}} {{Wikinews category}}
* {{Official|https://www.uber.com}} * {{Official website}}
{{Finance links {{Finance links
| name = Uber Inc. | name = Uber Technologies, Inc.
| symbol = UBER | symbol = UBER
| reuters = UBER.N | reuters = UBER.N
| bloomberg = UBER:US | bloomberg = UBER:US
| sec_cik = UBER | sec_cik = 1543151
| yahoo = UBER | yahoo = UBER
| google = UBER | google = UBER:NYSE
}} }}


{{Uber|state=expanded}} {{Uber|state=expanded}}
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{{Uberisation}}
{{Major Internet companies}} {{Major Internet companies}}
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American ridesharing and delivery company For other uses, see Über and Uber (disambiguation).

Uber Technologies, Inc.
Headquarters in Mission Bay, San Francisco
FormerlyUbercab (2009–2011)
Company typePublic
Traded as
Industry
FoundedMarch 2009; 15 years ago (2009-03)
Founders
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
Area served70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide
Key people
Services
RevenueIncrease US$37.281 billion (2023)
Operating incomeIncrease US$1.110 billion (2023)
Net incomeIncrease US$1.887 billion (2023)
Total assetsIncrease US$38.699 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease US$12.028 billion (2023)
Number of employees30,400 (2023)
Subsidiaries
Websiteuber.com
Footnotes / references
Uber Taxi

Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 150 million monthly active users and 6 million active drivers and couriers. It facilitates an average of 28 million trips per day and has facilitated 47 billion trips since its inception in 2010. In 2023, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 28.7% for mobility services and 18.3% for food delivery.

Uber classifies its drivers as gig workers or independent contractors, which has drawn criticism and legal challenges because it allows the company to withhold worker protections that it would have been required to provide to employees. Studies have shown that, especially in cities where it competes with public transport, Uber contributes to traffic congestion, reduces public transport use, has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership, and increases automobile dependency. Other controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring/evading local regulations. Some of these conducts were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick.

History

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Uber.
Travis Kalanick, former CEO of Uber, in 2013

In 2009, Garrett Camp, a co-founder of StumbleUpon, came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and Travis Kalanick had spent $800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding a taxi on a snowy night in Paris. The prototype of the mobile app was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.

In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee; he was named chief executive officer (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the chief operating officer.

Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011. Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi. In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators. Kalanick believed that in addition to efficiency, Uber offered elegance because all drivers had fancy black cars. He did not feel that regular cars would be attractive. When Wingz, Inc. launched in 2011 with the first ridesharing website in the world using regular drivers, he felt that Wingz was illegal and contacted authorities to stop regular drivers from giving rides.

The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than Google APIs. In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.

In April 2013, after Wingz, Inc. fought to become legal and obtained the first legal ridesharing license in the world, Uber copied this model and added regular drivers with personal vehicles to the UberX platform instead of only commercially-licensed vehicles, but subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards. In July 2012, Uber had introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, but still subject to having a California Public Utilities commercial license. By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities.

In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year.

In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area and launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service.

Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018

In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi. DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber. Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).

In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company founded by Anthony Levandowski, for $625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by Waymo, allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled a lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its freight transport operations.

In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of "Uber AI", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning. Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and a sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020.

In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO. Earlier in March 2015, as CEO of Expedia Group, Khosrowshahi had led a multimillion equity investment in Wingz, Inc., the first ridesharing company in the world.

In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture. In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.

Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by Getaround, a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco.

In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation.

In 2018, Uber formed a partnership with Autzu, a Toronto-based ridesharing company. This collaboration provides Uber drivers with the opportunity to rent electric Tesla on an hourly basis.

On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering.

In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of COO Barney Harford.

In October 2019, Uber acquired 53% of Cornershop, a provider of grocery delivery services primarily in Latin America. In June 2021, it acquired the remaining 47% interest in Cornershop for 29 million shares of Uber.

Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in Chicago and Miami.

In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato.

Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates.

In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce.

In June 2020, in its first software as a service partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California.

In September 2020, Uber committed to carbon neutrality globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in electric vehicles.

In December 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion.

Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation.

In January 2021, Uber Advanced Technologies Group (ATG), a joint venture minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso that was developing self-driving cars, was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion in equity and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora.

In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on Third Street in Mission Bay, San Francisco, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.

In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock; it was shut down in early 2024.

On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door.

On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a hacker that utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet. The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised.

Controversies

Main article: Controversies surrounding Uber

Like other ridesharing companies, the company classifies its drivers as gig workers/independent contractors. This figure has become the subject of legal action in several jurisdictions. The company has disrupted taxicab businesses and allegedly caused an increase in traffic congestion. Ridesharing companies are regulated in many jurisdictions and the Uber platform is not available in several countries where the company is not able or willing to comply with local regulations. Controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring and evading local regulations. Many of these were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick.

Ignoring and evading local regulations

Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by lobbying, to change regulations. Uber argued that it is "a technology company" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies. Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission". In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations. Uber's response to California Assembly Bill 5 (2019), whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy.

More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a lobbyist who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa", to The Guardian newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its Sunday sister The Observer. The documents revealed attempts to lobby Joe Biden, Olaf Scholz and George Osborne; how Emmanuel Macron secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a kill switch during police raids to conceal data. Travis Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success".

Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law. Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial.

In March 2017, an investigation by The New York Times revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in Portland, Oregon, Australia, South Korea, and China. The tool identified government officials using geofencing, mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media. While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its terms of service, after investigations by Portland, Oregon, and the United States Department of Justice, Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose. The use of Greyball in London was cited by Transport for London as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017. A January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids. Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016.

Traffic congestion

Studies have shown that especially in cities where it competes with public transport, ridesharing contributes to traffic congestion, reduces public transport use, has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership, and increases automobile dependency.

Dead mileage specifically causes unnecessary carbon emissions and traffic congestion. A study published in September 2019 found that taxis had lower rider waiting time and vehicle empty driving time, and thus contribute less to congestion and pollution in downtown areas. However, a 2018 report noted that ridesharing complements public transit. A study published in July 2018 found that Uber and Lyft are creating more traffic and congestion. A study published in March 2016 found that in Los Angeles and Seattle the passenger occupancy for Uber services is higher than that of taxi services, and concluded that Uber rides reduce congestion on the premise that they replace taxi rides. Studies citing data from 2010 to 2019 found that Uber rides are made in addition to taxi rides, and replace walking, bike rides, and bus rides, in addition to the Uber vehicles having a low average occupancy rate, all of which increases congestion. A 2021 study found that shifting private vehicle travel to ridehailing services can reduce air pollution costs, on average, but the increased costs from crash risk, congestion, climate change and noise outweigh these benefits. This increase in congestion has led some cities to levy taxes on rides taken with ridesharing companies. Another study shows that the surge factor pricing mechanism used for ridehailing services are informative for predicting taxi bookings as well, and that taxis incorporating this relative price can improve allocative efficiency and demand prediction.

A study published in July 2017 indicated that the increase in traffic caused by Uber generates collective costs in lost time in congestion, increased pollution, and increased accident risks that can exceed the economy and revenue generated by the service, indicating that, in certain conditions, Uber might have a social cost that is greater than its benefits.

Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs

In 2016, Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner.

Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)

On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer Susan Fowler published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with termination of employment by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was allegedly aware of the complaint. On February 27, 2017, Amit Singhal, Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a sexual harassment claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of Google Search. After investigations led by former attorney general Eric Holder and Arianna Huffington, a member of Uber's board of directors, in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees. Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later. Also departing the company in June 2017 was Emil Michael, a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting Sarah Lacy, editor of PandoDaily, who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of sexism and misogyny in its advertising. In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each. In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the board of directors of the company and sold his shares.

Delayed disclosure of data breaches

On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a data breach more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed. Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals.

An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a "credential stuffing" method) to gain access to a private GitHub repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data. Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach. Dara Khosrowshahi publicly apologized. In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the Federal Trade Commission, and admitted that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data. In November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the Information Commissioner's Office.

In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice. The criminal complaint said Joe Sullivan arranged with Travis Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.

Privacy

In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, but was harshly criticized by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.

In January 2024, Uber was fined 10 million euros ($11 million) by the Dutch Data Protection Authority for violating privacy regulations pertaining to the personal data of its drivers. The authority determined that Uber had failed to provide clear information in its terms and conditions regarding the duration for which it retained drivers' personal data, as well as the measures taken to secure this data when transmitting it to undisclosed entities outside the European Economic Area.

In August 2024, Uber was fined €290m euros ($324 million) by the Dutch Data Protection Authority for transferring the personal data of European drivers to US servers in breach of the GDPR.

Labor

In February 2023, Uber drivers went on strike in the US and UK to protest wages and fees. They were joined by drivers from Lyft and DoorDash delivery workers.

Ads and promotions

In March 2024, The Wall Street Journal reported a trend of popular service apps like Uber emphasizing higher margin advertising to increase profits. The reporting mentioned Uber personalizing content based on user data and maintain the balance between increasing ad revenue and annoying and turning away customers. It noted that Uber was showing customers one ad per trip and how it tried to implement push alerts before moving away from them given the response from customers.

Passenger Safety and Sexual Assault Lawsuits (2024)

In February 2024, a multidistrict litigation (MDL) was established in the Northern District of California against Uber Technologies, Inc., consolidating numerous claims from among the more than 3,000 sexual assault lawsuits filed against the company in state and federal courts. These lawsuits allege Uber prioritized growth over safety by using inadequate background checks, skipping in-person driver vetting, and failing to invest in preventive measures such as cameras or monitoring systems. It also claims Uber knowingly put vulnerable passengers, such as intoxicated women, at risk through its marketing and business practices. The litigation seeks injunctive relief, damages and changes to Uber’s safety policies. Some survivors have chosen to pursue justice in state courts outside of the MDL, seeking faster resolutions and a more individualized approach.

Finances

Uber revenue and net income in billion US$
Year Revenue Net income
2023 37.3 1.887
2022 31.8 −9.1
2021 17.4 −0.4
2020 11.1 −6.7
2019 14.1 −8.5
2018 11.3 1
2017 7.9 −4
2016 5 −3.6
2015 1.7 −1.6
2014 0.4 −0.7

Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year from 2014 until 2022 except for 2018, when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses. By the end of 2022, Uber had US$32.11 billion in assets and $24.03 billion in liabilities. Uber posted annual operating profits in 2023, totaling $1.88 billion, after accumulating $31.5 billion in operating losses since 2014.

Gallery

  • An Uber driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone An Uber driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone
  • Uber Boat by Thames Clippers on River Thames, London Uber Boat by Thames Clippers on River Thames, London

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