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| '''Werner von Orseln''' was the 17th ] of the ] between ] and ]. | |||
| '''Werner von Orseln''' ({{Circa|1280}}{{Snd}}18 November 1330) was the 17th ] of the ] from 1324 until his murder in 1330.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Chronicle of Prussia by Nicolaus von Jeroschin - A History of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1190–1331 |publisher=] |year=2016 |isbn=9781032179865 |page=21 |translator-last=Fischer |translator-first=Mary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |editor-last=Vierhaus |editor-first=Rudolf |title=Werner von Orseln, Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/DBE/entry/dbe.7-2685/html |access-date=12 February 2024 |publisher=] |place=Berlin, New York}}</ref> | |||
| Von Orseln hailed from a noble family of '']s'' (reeves) of the ] in ] near ]. It is not known when he joined the Teutonic Order. He is first mentioned in 1312 holding the office of a ] at the ] of ] (present-day Neman) near the border of the ] with the ]. In 1314, Grand Master ] appointed von Orseln Grand Komtur at ]. During a ] in the Monastic State, he supported the Grand Master and was exiled along with him. However, he returned in 1319 and he held the position of von Trier's ] in ]. He negotiated discussion and restored hierarchic discipline within the Order. | |||
| Werner von Orseln hailed from a family of ] of ] near ]. | |||
| It is not known when he joined the Teutonic Order. He is first mentioned in ] as a ] of ]. In ], von Orseln becomes the Grand Komtur and the komtur of ]. | |||
| During a ] in the state, he supported the current Grand Master ] and was exiled along with him. However, he returned in ] and he held the position of Grand Master's ] in ]. | |||
| He held uniting talks and brought back hierarchic discipline within the Order. | |||
| After the death of ], the Order's ] had chosen him as the next Grand Master. | |||
| Right after being elected, Werner von Orseln was forced to start negotiations with the ]. However, they did not produce any results and the Teutonic Order started preparations to the war with Poland. | |||
| The Grand Master formed an anti-Polish coalition consisting of the rulers of ], ] and the king of ]. The pretext to start the war was the Polish invasion of the ] in ]. In retaliation, the Grand Master ordered the conquest of ] and ]. | |||
| Upon the death of Karl von Trier, the Order's ] on 6 July 1324 chose von Orseln as the next Grand Master. Immediately after being elected, von Orseln was forced to start negotiations with King ] of ] over the contested lands of ], which the Knights had annexed after the ] in 1308. The discussions did not produce any results, however, and the Teutonic Order started preparations for war with Poland. In 1326 the Grand Master formed an anti-Polish coalition at ], consisting of the ] dukes ], ] and ] as well as of several ] and King ]. The pretext to start the ] gave King Władysław I by the invasion of ] in 1327. In retaliation, the Grand Master ordered the conquest of Polish ] and ]. | |||
| As the superior of the Order, von Orseln paid a special attention to the spiritual life. | |||
| ⚫ | Despite the ongoing war with Poland, he was able to organize two ] |
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| Yet during the war, von Orseln died at Marienburg Castle as a result of several wounds after an assassination attempt by a mad knight, allegedly Johan von Endorf. He was buried in the cathedral of ] (Kwidzyn). There is, however, some doubt that it was Endorf, who was convicted three days later and sentenced to jail for life.{{cite needed|date=September 2021}} | |||
| He was buried in a ] in ]. | |||
| ⚫ | As the superior of the Order, von Orseln paid special attention to spiritual life. Despite the ongoing war with Poland, he was able to organize two ] of the Prussian clergy and issue several administrative acts forming the base of the political system of the state for decades. | ||
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Latest revision as of 02:19, 1 December 2024
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Werner von Orseln (c. 1280 – 18 November 1330) was the 17th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1324 until his murder in 1330.
Von Orseln hailed from a noble family of vogts (reeves) of the Counts of Falkenstein in Oberursel near Frankfurt. It is not known when he joined the Teutonic Order. He is first mentioned in 1312 holding the office of a Komtur at the Ordensburg of Ragnit (present-day Neman) near the border of the Order State with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1314, Grand Master Karl von Trier appointed von Orseln Grand Komtur at Malbork Castle. During a coup d'etat in the Monastic State, he supported the Grand Master and was exiled along with him. However, he returned in 1319 and he held the position of von Trier's resident in Prussia. He negotiated discussion and restored hierarchic discipline within the Order.
Upon the death of Karl von Trier, the Order's capitulum on 6 July 1324 chose von Orseln as the next Grand Master. Immediately after being elected, von Orseln was forced to start negotiations with King Władysław I the Elbow-high of Poland over the contested lands of Pomerelia, which the Knights had annexed after the takeover of Gdańsk in 1308. The discussions did not produce any results, however, and the Teutonic Order started preparations for war with Poland. In 1326 the Grand Master formed an anti-Polish coalition at Brodnica, consisting of the Masovian dukes Siemowit II, Trojden I and Wenceslaus of Płock as well as of several Silesian Piasts and King John of Bohemia. The pretext to start the Polish–Teutonic War gave King Władysław I by the invasion of Płock in 1327. In retaliation, the Grand Master ordered the conquest of Polish Kujavia and Dobrzyń Land.
Yet during the war, von Orseln died at Marienburg Castle as a result of several wounds after an assassination attempt by a mad knight, allegedly Johan von Endorf. He was buried in the cathedral of Marienwerder (Kwidzyn). There is, however, some doubt that it was Endorf, who was convicted three days later and sentenced to jail for life.
As the superior of the Order, von Orseln paid special attention to spiritual life. Despite the ongoing war with Poland, he was able to organize two assemblies of the Prussian clergy and issue several administrative acts forming the base of the political system of the state for decades.
References
- The Chronicle of Prussia by Nicolaus von Jeroschin - A History of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1190–1331. Translated by Fischer, Mary. Routledge. 2016. p. 21. ISBN 9781032179865.
- Vierhaus, Rudolf, ed. (2011). "Werner von Orseln, Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens". Berlin, New York: K. G. Saur. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
| Grand Master of the Teutonic Order | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byKarl von Trier | Hochmeister 1324–1330 |
Succeeded byLuther von Braunschweig |