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| {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| | name = August Kubizek | | name = August Kubizek | ||
| | image = August Kubizek in his youth.gif | | image = August Kubizek in his youth.gif | ||
| | caption = August Kubizek in his youth | | caption = August Kubizek in his youth | ||
| | birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|8|3|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|8|3|df=y}} | ||
| | birth_place = ], ] (now ]) | | birth_place = ], ] (now ]) | ||
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|10|23|1888|8|3|df=y}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|10|23|1888|8|3|df=y}} | ||
| | death_place = ], Austria | | death_place = ], Austria | ||
| | monuments = | | monuments = | ||
| | nationality = Austrian | | nationality = Austrian | ||
| | party = ] ( |
| party = ] (1942–1945) | ||
| | other_names = | | other_names = | ||
| | education = | | education = | ||
| | alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
| | occupation = | | occupation = | ||
| | employer = | | employer = | ||
| | organization = | | organization = | ||
| | known_for = Friend of ] | | known_for = Friend of ] | ||
| | style = | | style = | ||
| | spouse = | | spouse = | ||
| | partner = | | partner = | ||
| | children = | | children = | ||
| | parents = | | parents = | ||
| | relatives = | | relatives = | ||
| | awards = | | awards = | ||
| | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | ||
| |nickname = | |nickname = | ||
| |allegiance = {{flag|Austria-Hungary}} | |allegiance = {{flag|Austria-Hungary}} | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''August |
'''August "Gustl" Friedrich Kubizek''' (3 August 1888 – 23 October 1956) was an ] musical conductor and writer best known for being a close friend of ], when both were in their late teens. He later wrote about their friendship in his book ''The Young Hitler I Knew'' (1955). | ||
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| {{more citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | {{more citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | ||
| August was born in ], ], the only surviving child to parents of ] and ] origin.<ref>The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler, Robert Payne, p.45</ref> He was baptized ] at the St. Matthias Church where his parents had married the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taufen - Duplikate 1888 - 106/1888 {{!}} Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-st-matthias-st-mathias/106%252F1888/?pg=34|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trauungen - Duplikate 1887 - 207/1887 {{!}} Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-st-matthias-st-mathias/207%252F1887/?pg=26|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> His father Michael Kubíček (also born in Linz) was an ] while his mother Maria Panholzer-Bláhová was born ] in ] was 14.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taufen - Duplikate 1846 - 106/1846 {{!}} Linz - Stadtpfarre {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-stadtpfarre/106%252F1846/?pg=68|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.05.22|url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=6965&page=270&x=1889&y=1781&z=52|website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> His sisters Maria, Therese and Karoline died in early childhood. Kubizek later wrote that this was a striking parallel between his own life and that of Adolf Hitler, whose mother had lost four children prematurely. As the surviving sons of grief-stricken mothers, Kubizek and Hitler |
August was born in ], ], the only surviving child to parents of ] and ] origin.<ref>The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler, Robert Payne, p.45</ref> He was baptized ] at the St. Matthias Church where his parents had married the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taufen - Duplikate 1888 - 106/1888 {{!}} Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-st-matthias-st-mathias/106%252F1888/?pg=34|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trauungen - Duplikate 1887 - 207/1887 {{!}} Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-st-matthias-st-mathias/207%252F1887/?pg=26|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> His father Michael Kubíček (also born in Linz) was an ] while his mother Maria Panholzer-Bláhová, who was born ] in ], was 14.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taufen - Duplikate 1846 - 106/1846 {{!}} Linz - Stadtpfarre {{!}} Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz {{!}} Österreich {{!}} Matricula Online|url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/oberoesterreich/linz-stadtpfarre/106%252F1846/?pg=68|website=data.matricula-online.eu|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.05.22|url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=6965&page=270&x=1889&y=1781&z=52|website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> His sisters Maria, Therese and Karoline died in early childhood. Kubizek later wrote that this was a striking parallel between his own life and that of Adolf Hitler, whose mother had lost four children prematurely. As the surviving sons of grief-stricken mothers, Kubizek and Hitler felt they had been spared or "chosen" by fate.<ref name="ReferenceA">August Kubizek in '']''</ref> | ||
| Kubizek and Hitler first met while competing for standing room in the ] in Linz. Because of their shared passion for the operas of ], they quickly became close friends and later roommates in ] while both sought admission into college. The two shared a small room in Stumpergasse |
Kubizek and Hitler first met while competing for standing room in the ] in Linz. Because of their shared passion for the operas of ], they quickly became close friends and later roommates in ] while both sought admission into college. The two shared a small room in Stumpergasse 31<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://war-documentary.info/adolf-hitler-in-vienna-1906-1913/|title = ADOLF HITLER IN VIENNA 1906-1913| date=15 January 2019 }}</ref> in the sixth district of Vienna from 22 February to early July 1908. | ||
| As the only son of a self-employed ], Kubizek was expected to someday take over his father's business, but he secretly harboured dreams of becoming a ]. With Hitler's encouragement, he devoted |
As the only son of a self-employed ], Kubizek was expected to someday take over his father's business, but he secretly harboured dreams of becoming a ]. With Hitler's encouragement, he devoted an increasing amount of his time to this passion, completing all of the musical training available to him in Linz. However, to achieve his goal of being an orchestral conductor, he would require higher education in music which was offered only in Vienna. It was an 18-year-old Hitler who persuaded Kubizek's father to let his son go to the metropolis to attend the conservatory. As Kubizek wrote, this was something that permanently changed the course of his life. | ||
| He was immediately accepted into the ] where he quickly made a name for himself. Hitler, however, was twice denied entrance into Vienna's art academy |
He was immediately accepted into the ] where he quickly made a name for himself. Hitler, however, was twice denied entrance into Vienna's art academy, a fact which he kept hidden from his friend for some time. In 1908, Hitler abruptly broke off the friendship and drifted into homelessness. Kubizek completed his studies in 1912 and was hired as conductor of the orchestra in Marburg on the ], Austria (], in ], after 1918). He was later offered a position at the Stadttheater in ],<ref>] in '']''</ref> but this job and his musical career were cut short by the beginning of ]. Before leaving for the front, he married Anna Funke (7 October 1887 – 4 October 1976), a violinist from Vienna with whom he had three sons: ], Karl Maria and Rudolf. | ||
| From August 1914 until November 1918, Kubizek served as a reservist in Regiment 2 of the ]. In the Carpathian winter campaign of 1915, he was wounded at Eperjes in Hungary (now ] in ]) and later evacuated to Budapest in an ambulance train. After months of convalescence, he returned to the front and was attached to a mechanised corps in Vienna. After the war, Kubizek accepted a position as an official in the municipal council of ], ] and music became his hobby. | From August 1914 until November 1918, Kubizek served as a reservist in Regiment 2 of the ]. In the Carpathian winter campaign of 1915, he was wounded at Eperjes in Hungary (now ] in ]) and later evacuated to Budapest in an ambulance train. After months of convalescence, he returned to the front and was attached to a mechanised corps in Vienna. After the war, Kubizek accepted a position as an official in the municipal council of ], ] and music became his hobby. | ||
| ==Later contact with Hitler== | ==Later contact with Hitler== | ||
| After seeing Hitler on the front page of the '']'' (circa 1920), Kubizek followed his friend's career with some interest, although he did not attempt to contact him until 1933 when he wrote to congratulate him on having become ]. On 4 August of that year, Kubizek received an unexpected reply from Hitler, who wrote to his old friend "Gustl" saying, "I should be very glad... to revive once more with you those memories of the best years of my life."<ref>] in '']'' (p. 14) The letter is dated 4 August</ref> |
After seeing Hitler on the front page of the '']'' (circa 1920), Kubizek followed his friend's career with some interest, although he did not attempt to contact him until 1933 when he wrote to congratulate him on having become ]. On 4 August of that year, Kubizek received an unexpected reply from Hitler, who wrote to his old friend "Gustl" saying, "I should be very glad... to revive once more with you those memories of the best years of my life."<ref>] in '']'' (p. 14) The letter is dated 4 August</ref> | ||
| In 1938, Kubizek was hired by the ] to write two short propaganda booklets called ''Reminiscences'' about his youth with Hitler. In one episode, Kubizek said that Hitler had a great love for a girl named "]" and wrote her many love poems but never sent them. Hitler's biographer ] said that when Stefanie learned she had been an early subject of Hitler's affection, she was stunned.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} | |||
| Kubizek saw Hitler for the last time on 23 July 1940;{{where|date=August 2020}}{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} although as late as 1944, Hitler sent Kubizek's mother a food basket for her 80th birthday.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Hitler told Kubizek: "This war will set us back many years in our building programme. It is a tragedy. I did not become Chancellor of the Greater German Reich to fight wars."{{when|date=August 2020}}{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Hitler was speaking after the successful campaigns in Poland and France that he had led as Führer.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} | |||
| When the tide began to turn against Hitler, Kubizek, who had avoided politics all his life, became a member of the ] in 1942 as a gesture of loyalty to his friend.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | When the tide began to turn against Hitler, Kubizek, who had avoided politics all his life, became a member of the ] in 1942 as a gesture of loyalty to his friend.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | ||
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| In December 1945, Kubizek gathered the collection of keepsakes given to him by Hitler during their youth and concealed them carefully in the basement of his house in Eferding. He was arrested by American forces shortly afterwards and held at Glasenbach, where he was imprisoned and interrogated by the ]. His home was searched, but the Hitler correspondence and drawings were not found. He was released on 8 April 1947. | In December 1945, Kubizek gathered the collection of keepsakes given to him by Hitler during their youth and concealed them carefully in the basement of his house in Eferding. He was arrested by American forces shortly afterwards and held at Glasenbach, where he was imprisoned and interrogated by the ]. His home was searched, but the Hitler correspondence and drawings were not found. He was released on 8 April 1947. | ||
| In 1951, Kubizek, who had rejected other post-war offers for his memoirs, agreed to publish ''Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund'' ("Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend") through the Leopold Stocker Verlag. The original manuscript, written in 1943 at the behest of ] (Kubizek says in his memoirs that Martin Bormann asked him to do so |
In 1951, Kubizek, who had rejected other post-war offers for his memoirs, agreed to publish ''Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund'' ("Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend") through the Leopold Stocker Verlag. The original manuscript, written in 1943 at the behest of ] (Kubizek says in his memoirs that Martin Bormann asked him to do so),<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/KubizekAugustTheYoungHitlerIKnew_201812 |title=Kubizek August The Young Hitler I Knew |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=herodotus484bc |date=2018-03-19 |title=Hitler's Roommate |url=https://herodotushistoryblog.wordpress.com/2018/03/19/hitlers-roommate/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=The Herodotus History Blog |language=en}}</ref> had been only 150 pages long.<ref>Brigitte Hamann. Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant as a Young Man, p.55</ref> However, after communications answering questions from the Hitler biographer ], his new extended version had 352 pages and included several pictures, many of which showed postcards and sketches given to Kubizek by Hitler when young, between the years 1906 and 1908. The book is divided into three parts and consists of a prologue, 24 chapters and an epilogue. | ||
| It caused a stir when it was released in 1953 and was later translated into several languages. In the epilogue, Kubizek wrote, "Even though I, a fundamentally unpolitical individual, had always kept aloof from the political events of the period which ended forever in 1945, nevertheless no power on earth could compel me to deny my friendship with Adolf Hitler." | It caused a stir when it was released in 1953 and was later translated into several languages. In the epilogue, Kubizek wrote, "Even though I, a fundamentally unpolitical individual, had always kept aloof from the political events of the period which ended forever in 1945, nevertheless no power on earth could compel me to deny my friendship with Adolf Hitler." | ||
| Line 71: | Line 67: | ||
| Kubizek's second wife and widow, Pauline (1906–2001), was credited with having provided the Stocker Verlag with additional photographs for the book's fourth edition in 1975. | Kubizek's second wife and widow, Pauline (1906–2001), was credited with having provided the Stocker Verlag with additional photographs for the book's fourth edition in 1975. | ||
| He died on 23 October 1956, aged 68, in ] and is buried in Eferding, Upper Austria.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} | |||
| ==In popular culture== | ==In popular culture== | ||
| Kubizek is portrayed by ] in "Adolf Hitler: The Artist", a 2017 episode of the British television series '']'', in which Hitler calls him "Gustl". | Kubizek is portrayed by ] in "Adolf Hitler: The Artist", a 2017 episode of the British television series '']'', in which Hitler calls him "Gustl". | ||
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:10, 14 November 2024
Childhood friend of Adolf Hitler | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "August Kubizek" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| August Kubizek | |
|---|---|
 August Kubizek in his youth | |
| Born | (1888-08-03)3 August 1888 Linz, Austria-Hungary (now Austria) |
| Died | 23 October 1956(1956-10-23) (aged 68) Eferding, Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Known for | Friend of Adolf Hitler |
| Political party | Nazi Party (1942–1945) |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Austria-Hungary |
| Service |  Austro-Hungarian Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Battles / wars | World War I |
August "Gustl" Friedrich Kubizek (3 August 1888 – 23 October 1956) was an Austrian musical conductor and writer best known for being a close friend of Adolf Hitler, when both were in their late teens. He later wrote about their friendship in his book The Young Hitler I Knew (1955).
Early life
| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
August was born in Linz, Austria, the only surviving child to parents of Czech and Sudeten-German origin. He was baptized Catholic at the St. Matthias Church where his parents had married the previous year. His father Michael Kubíček (also born in Linz) was an upholsterer while his mother Maria Panholzer-Bláhová, who was born illegitimate in Rosee, was 14. His sisters Maria, Therese and Karoline died in early childhood. Kubizek later wrote that this was a striking parallel between his own life and that of Adolf Hitler, whose mother had lost four children prematurely. As the surviving sons of grief-stricken mothers, Kubizek and Hitler felt they had been spared or "chosen" by fate.
Kubizek and Hitler first met while competing for standing room in the Landestheater in Linz. Because of their shared passion for the operas of Richard Wagner, they quickly became close friends and later roommates in Vienna while both sought admission into college. The two shared a small room in Stumpergasse 31 in the sixth district of Vienna from 22 February to early July 1908.
As the only son of a self-employed upholsterer, Kubizek was expected to someday take over his father's business, but he secretly harboured dreams of becoming a conductor. With Hitler's encouragement, he devoted an increasing amount of his time to this passion, completing all of the musical training available to him in Linz. However, to achieve his goal of being an orchestral conductor, he would require higher education in music which was offered only in Vienna. It was an 18-year-old Hitler who persuaded Kubizek's father to let his son go to the metropolis to attend the conservatory. As Kubizek wrote, this was something that permanently changed the course of his life.
He was immediately accepted into the Vienna Conservatory where he quickly made a name for himself. Hitler, however, was twice denied entrance into Vienna's art academy, a fact which he kept hidden from his friend for some time. In 1908, Hitler abruptly broke off the friendship and drifted into homelessness. Kubizek completed his studies in 1912 and was hired as conductor of the orchestra in Marburg on the Drau, Austria (Maribor, in Slovenia, after 1918). He was later offered a position at the Stadttheater in Klagenfurt, but this job and his musical career were cut short by the beginning of World War I. Before leaving for the front, he married Anna Funke (7 October 1887 – 4 October 1976), a violinist from Vienna with whom he had three sons: Augustin, Karl Maria and Rudolf.
From August 1914 until November 1918, Kubizek served as a reservist in Regiment 2 of the Austro-Hungarian Infantry. In the Carpathian winter campaign of 1915, he was wounded at Eperjes in Hungary (now Prešov in Slovakia) and later evacuated to Budapest in an ambulance train. After months of convalescence, he returned to the front and was attached to a mechanised corps in Vienna. After the war, Kubizek accepted a position as an official in the municipal council of Eferding, Upper Austria and music became his hobby.
Later contact with Hitler
After seeing Hitler on the front page of the Münchner Illustrierte (circa 1920), Kubizek followed his friend's career with some interest, although he did not attempt to contact him until 1933 when he wrote to congratulate him on having become Chancellor of Germany. On 4 August of that year, Kubizek received an unexpected reply from Hitler, who wrote to his old friend "Gustl" saying, "I should be very glad... to revive once more with you those memories of the best years of my life."
When the tide began to turn against Hitler, Kubizek, who had avoided politics all his life, became a member of the Nazi Party in 1942 as a gesture of loyalty to his friend.
Later life, imprisonment and memoirs
| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
In December 1945, Kubizek gathered the collection of keepsakes given to him by Hitler during their youth and concealed them carefully in the basement of his house in Eferding. He was arrested by American forces shortly afterwards and held at Glasenbach, where he was imprisoned and interrogated by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command. His home was searched, but the Hitler correspondence and drawings were not found. He was released on 8 April 1947.
In 1951, Kubizek, who had rejected other post-war offers for his memoirs, agreed to publish Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund ("Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend") through the Leopold Stocker Verlag. The original manuscript, written in 1943 at the behest of Martin Bormann (Kubizek says in his memoirs that Martin Bormann asked him to do so), had been only 150 pages long. However, after communications answering questions from the Hitler biographer Franz Jetzinger, his new extended version had 352 pages and included several pictures, many of which showed postcards and sketches given to Kubizek by Hitler when young, between the years 1906 and 1908. The book is divided into three parts and consists of a prologue, 24 chapters and an epilogue.
It caused a stir when it was released in 1953 and was later translated into several languages. In the epilogue, Kubizek wrote, "Even though I, a fundamentally unpolitical individual, had always kept aloof from the political events of the period which ended forever in 1945, nevertheless no power on earth could compel me to deny my friendship with Adolf Hitler."
Kubizek's second wife and widow, Pauline (1906–2001), was credited with having provided the Stocker Verlag with additional photographs for the book's fourth edition in 1975.
He died on 23 October 1956, aged 68, in Linz and is buried in Eferding, Upper Austria.
In popular culture
Kubizek is portrayed by Rupert Grint in "Adolf Hitler: The Artist", a 2017 episode of the British television series Urban Myths, in which Hitler calls him "Gustl".
Works
- Kubizek, A. (1955). The Young Hitler I Knew: The Memoirs of Hitler's Childhood Friend ISBN 978-1848326071
- Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund - August Kubizek (1953) & (2002) ISBN 3-7020-0971-X, ISBN 3-7020-0213-8, English translation: Young Hitler, the Story of Our Friendship (1955) & (1976)
See also
References
- The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler, Robert Payne, p.45
- "Taufen - Duplikate 1888 - 106/1888 | Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) | Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz | Österreich | Matricula Online". data.matricula-online.eu. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- "Trauungen - Duplikate 1887 - 207/1887 | Linz - St. Matthias (St. Mathias) | Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz | Österreich | Matricula Online". data.matricula-online.eu. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- "Taufen - Duplikate 1846 - 106/1846 | Linz - Stadtpfarre | Oberösterreich: Rk. Diözese Linz | Österreich | Matricula Online". data.matricula-online.eu. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- "DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.05.22". digi.ceskearchivy.cz. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ August Kubizek in Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund
- "ADOLF HITLER IN VIENNA 1906-1913". 15 January 2019.
- Brigitte Hamann in Hitlers Wien, Lehrjahre eines Diktators
- William L. Shirer in The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (p. 14) The letter is dated 4 August
- Kubizek August The Young Hitler I Knew.
- herodotus484bc (19 March 2018). "Hitler's Roommate". The Herodotus History Blog. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Brigitte Hamann. Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant as a Young Man, p.55
External links
- The Young Hitler I Knew on Archive.org
| Adolf Hitler | |||||
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- 1888 births
- 1956 deaths
- Austrian conductors (music)
- 20th-century Austrian conductors (music)
- 20th-century Austrian male musicians
- Austrian male writers
- Austrian memoirists
- Austrian Nazis
- Austrian Roman Catholics
- Austrian people of Czech descent
- Austrian people of Sudeten-German descent
- Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
- Male conductors (music)
- Musicians from Linz
- Views on Adolf Hitler
- Austrian prisoners of war
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