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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Short description|Tropical cyclone season}} {{Short description|Tropical cyclone season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox hurricane season {{Infobox hurricane season
| Basin=SWI | Basin=SWI
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| Track=2022-2023 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.png | Track=2022-2023 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.png
| First storm formed=23 September 2022 | First storm formed=23 September 2022
| Last storm dissipated=Season ongoing | Last storm dissipated=25 May 2023
| Strongest storm name=Darian | Strongest storm by pressure name=Darian
| Strongest storm pressure=920 | Strongest storm by pressure pressure=920
| Strongest storm winds=120 | Strongest storm by pressure winds=120
| Strongest storm by winds name=]
| Strongest storm by winds pressure=927
| Strongest storm by winds winds=125
| Average wind speed=10 | Average wind speed=10
| Total disturbances=7 | Total disturbances=10
| Total depressions=7 | Total depressions=10
| Total storms=6 | Total storms=9
| Total hurricanes=4 | Total hurricanes=6
| Total intense=2 | Total intense=3
| Total super=1 | Total super=2
| Fatalities=>1,483 total<br/>(Second-deadliest ] cyclone season on record)
| Fatalities=33
| Damages= | Damages=1550
| five seasons=], ], '''2022–23''', '']'', '']'' | Damagespost=Third-costliest ] cyclone season on record
| five seasons=], ], '''2022–23''', ], ]
| Australian season=2022–23 Australian region cyclone season | Australian season=2022–23 Australian region cyclone season
| South Indian season=2022–23 South Pacific cyclone season | South Indian season=2022–23 South Pacific cyclone season
}} }}
The '''2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season''' is an ongoing event of the annual cycle of ] and ] formation. It began on 15 November 2022, and will end on 30 April 2023, with the exception for ] and the ], for which it will end on 15 May 2023. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of ] and south of the ]. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that will form between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 will be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the ] in ] and unofficially by the ]. The '''2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season''' was one of the deadliest South-West Indian cyclone seasons on record, mostly due to ]. It officially began on 15 November 2022, and ended on 30 April 2023, with the exception for ] and the ], for which it ended on 15 May 2023. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of ] and south of the ]. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that form between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 will be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the ] in ] and unofficially by the ]. The season was average in terms of the number of systems that formed, with nine systems becoming at least moderate tropical storms, and six reaching tropical cyclone strength. Activity began early, with the first two systems (Ashley and Balita) developing in September and October, and ended late with Fabien in May.

The season featured ], which became the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record, beating the previous record of ] in 1994, and also had the highest ] (ACE) of any tropical cyclone on record worldwide, surpassing ] in 2006. In addition, Freddy is the only known tropical cyclone to achieve seven separate ] cycles. Additionally, Freddy was the second farthest-traveling tropical cyclone ever observed worldwide, only with 1994's John's. The most intense system of the season was ].

In the month of January, ] brought flooding and strong winds to Madagascar. In May, ] formed close to the equator and became the latest intense tropical cyclone in the satellite era, surpassing ] of 1986 by six days. Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused at least 1,483 deaths and more than $501 million in damage.


__TOC__ __TOC__
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==Seasonal forecasts== ==Seasonal forecasts==
{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align|right}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}};|- {|class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;
|-
! colspan=2|Source/Record
! ]
! ]
|- |-
| colspan=2|Record high: || ] || ]
! Forecast<br />Center
|-
! colspan=4|Systems
| colspan=2|Record low: || ] || ]
|-
|-
! Forecast<br />Center
! colspan=4|Systems
|- |-
| Mauritius Meteorological Services | Mauritius Meteorological Services
| colspan=4|11–9 tropical cyclones | colspan=4|11–9 tropical cyclones
|- |-
| Météo-France | Météo-France
| colspan=4|6–10 tropical cyclones | colspan=4|6–10 tropical cyclones
|- |-
! Forecast<br />Center ! Forecast<br />Center
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! colspan="5"|<small>Source: Seasonal Outlook for Tropical Cyclones.</small><ref name="Mauritius outlook" /><ref name="MFR outlook" /> ! colspan="5"|<small>Source: Seasonal Outlook for Tropical Cyclones.</small><ref name="Mauritius outlook" /><ref name="MFR outlook" />
|} |}
In October 2022, ] issued its seasonal forecast of cyclone activity for the basin. The MFR predicted a season that was slightly below average to average, citing the effects of a ] event. The MFR placed chances of a below-average season at 60%. Average cyclone activity was given a 30% chance, and an above-average level of activity was given a 10% chance. The season in the South-West Indian Ocean was expected to be above average, with 6-10 tropical cyclones or moderate tropical storm.<ref name="MFR outlook">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2022 |title=Prévision saisonnière d’activité cyclonique dans le Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien Saison 2022-2023 |trans-title=Seasonal forecast of hurricane activity in the South West Indian Ocean Season 2022-2023 |url=https://meteofrance.re/fr/climat/prevision-saisonniere-dactivite-cyclonique-dans-le-sud-ouest-de-locean-indien-saison-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107122916/https://meteofrance.re/fr/climat/prevision-saisonniere-dactivite-cyclonique-dans-le-sud-ouest-de-locean-indien-saison-2022 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> In October 2022, ] issued its seasonal forecast of cyclone activity for the basin. The MFR predicted a season that was slightly below average to average, citing the effects of a ] event. The MFR placed chances of a below-average season at 60%. Average cyclone activity was given a 30% chance, and an above-average level of activity was given a 10% chance. The season in the South-West Indian Ocean was expected to be near- to below-average, with 6–10 systems of moderate tropical storm intensity or higher.<ref name="MFR outlook">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2022 |title=Prévision saisonnière d'activité cyclonique dans le Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien Saison 2022-2023 |trans-title=Seasonal forecast of hurricane activity in the South West Indian Ocean Season 2022-2023 |url=https://meteofrance.re/fr/climat/prevision-saisonniere-dactivite-cyclonique-dans-le-sud-ouest-de-locean-indien-saison-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107122916/https://meteofrance.re/fr/climat/prevision-saisonniere-dactivite-cyclonique-dans-le-sud-ouest-de-locean-indien-saison-2022 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref>


The Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) released their summer 2022&ndash;23 outlooks. An average season, with around eleven to nine cyclones forming, was expected.<ref name="Mauritius outlook">{{cite web |date=October 29, 2022 |title=Summer 2022–2023 Outlook for Mauritius and Rodrigues |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/climate-services/seasonal-climate-forecast.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107082357/http://metservice.intnet.mu/climate-services/seasonal-climate-forecast.php |archive-date=October 29, 2022 |access-date=October 29, 2022 |publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref> The MMS also indicates that the eastern part of the basin is more conducive to cyclone formation in the second half of summer, and the western part of the basin will also become favorable for storm formation during the second half.<ref name="Mauritius outlook" /> The Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) released their summer 2022&ndash;23 outlooks. An average season, with around eleven to nine cyclones forming, was expected.<ref name="Mauritius outlook">{{cite web |date=29 October 2022 |title=Summer 2022–2023 Outlook for Mauritius and Rodrigues |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/climate-services/seasonal-climate-forecast.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107082357/http://metservice.intnet.mu/climate-services/seasonal-climate-forecast.php |archive-date=7 November 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref> The MMS indicated that the eastern part of the basin would present more favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the first half of summer, and the western part of the basin would become more conducive to storm formation during the second half of summer.<ref name="Mauritius outlook" />
{{clear}} {{clear}}


==Seasonal summary== ==Seasonal summary==
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from:16/01/2023 till:27/01/2023 color:TC text:"]" from:16/01/2023 till:27/01/2023 color:TC text:"]"
from:09/02/2023 till:15/02/2023 color:TC text:"Dingani (TC)" from:09/02/2023 till:15/02/2023 color:TC text:"Dingani (TC)"
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from:14/02/2023 till:16/02/2023 color:IT text:"Freddy (ITC)"
from:14/02/2023 till:14/03/2023 color:VI text:"]"

from:19/02/2023 till:27/02/2023 color:TC text:"Enala (TC)"
from:25/03/2023 till:28/03/2023 color:TS text:"09 (MTS)"
from:12/05/2023 till:25/05/2023 color:IT text:"Fabien (ITC)"


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from:01/03/2023 till:31/03/2023 text:March from:01/03/2023 till:31/03/2023 text:March
from:01/04/2023 till:30/04/2023 text:April from:01/04/2023 till:30/04/2023 text:April
from:01/05/2023 till:31/05/2023 text:May
from:01/06/2023 till:30/06/2023 text:June


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] (right) over the open Indian Ocean on 21 February.]]
The season began early, with a weak tropical low being produced on 22 September.<ref name="Bulletin" /> Improving conditions over the next three days allowed the development of the system, which strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm ''Ashley'' on 27 September.<ref name="System" /><ref name="Ashley" /> The system slowly moved westward and weakened into a remnant low on 30 September.<ref name="Remnant low" /> Pre-season activity continued, with a disturbance being produced as a result of a ].<ref name="westerly wind burst" /><ref name="low" /> Another storm formed on 6 October, and was named ''Balita'' on 8 October.<ref name="Balita" /> In November 2022, ] (reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03) entered the basin and degenerated into a remnant low by the next day.<ref name="MFR" /><ref name="TD3" /> In December, ] (classified as a very intense tropical cyclone) entered the basin, before gradually weakening.<ref name="Darian" /> In January, a new disturbance became a tropical depression and was later named ''Cheneso.'' The cyclone strengthened to severe tropical storm status before making landfall over ] on 19 January.<ref name="Warning Cheneso" /> It re-intensified to ] after moving southwestwards as a overland depression (according to MFR). It was last noted as a subtropical depression on 29 January. ] from the Australian region moved into this basin, where it was classified as Moderate Tropical Storm ''Dingani''. The JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone ''13S''. Although initially struggling to intensify due to wind shear, it gradually intensified and eventually reached Tropical Cyclone status by the MFR. The JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone.
The season began early, with a weak tropical low being produced on 22 September.<ref name="Bulletin" /> Improving conditions over the next three days allowed the development of the system, which strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley on 27 September.<ref name="System" /><ref name="Ashley" /> The system slowly moved westward and weakened into a remnant low on 30 September.<ref name="Remnant low" /> Pre-season activity continued, with a disturbance being produced as a result of a ].<ref name="westerly wind burst" /><ref name="low" /> Another storm formed on 6 October, and was named Balita on 8 October.<ref name="Balita" /> In November 2022, ] (reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03) entered the basin and degenerated into a remnant low by the next day.<ref name="MFR" /><ref name="TD3" /> In December, ] (classified as a very intense tropical cyclone) entered the basin, before gradually weakening.<ref name="Darian" />
{{clear}}

In January 2023, a new disturbance became a tropical depression and was later named Cheneso''.'' The cyclone strengthened to severe tropical storm status before making landfall over ] on 19 January.<ref name="Warning Cheneso" /> It re-intensified to ] after moving southwestwards as an overland depression status. It was last noted as a subtropical depression on 29 January. In February 2023, ] from the Australian region moved into this basin, where it was classified as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. Although initially struggling to intensify due to wind shear, it gradually intensified and eventually reached tropical cyclone status, before moving southwestwards and dissipated.

] moved the Australian area and reached this region, where MFR immediately classed it as a tropical cyclone status. It subsequently strengthened into a very intense tropical cyclone status. Freddy later intensified into a Category 5 tropical cyclone before making landfall over Madagascar. It weakened as it crossed the Mozambique Channel, but it re-intensified to severe tropical storm status before making landfall in Mozambique, it unexpectedly reappeared in the Mozambique Channel. It was upgraded to tropical cyclone status. It weakened but began to re-strengthen when it approached Mozambique, the storm gradually deteriorated and last noted on 14 March. Another tropical depression formed and strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Enala, which subsequently evolved into a tropical cyclone and last occurred on 28 February. Another period of inactivity then ensued, until a Moderate Tropical Storm 09 formed and dissipated quickly. In May, Fabien formed close to the equator and became an intense tropical cyclone, which was unusually strong this late in the season before encountering increasing wind shear.

The ] for the 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season as calculated by Colorado State University was 197.7 units. {{clear}}


==Systems== ==Systems==
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|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Ashley 2022-09-27 0825Z.jpg |Image=Ashley 2022-09-27 0825Z.jpg
|Track=Ashley 2022 track.png |Track=Ashley 2022 path.png
|Formed=23 September |Formed=23 September
|Dissipated=28 September |Dissipated=28 September
|10-min winds=40 |10-min winds=40
|1-min winds=45 |1-min winds=50
|Pressure=1000 |Pressure=1000
}} }}
{{see also|List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones}}
On 22 September, a ] produced a weak tropical low in the Indian Ocean, initially expected by MFR to not form due to upper ].<ref name="Bulletin">{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209221145.pdf|date=22 September 2022|accessdate=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151517/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209221145.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Environmental conditions improved over the next 3 days,<ref name="System">{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209251204.pdf|date=25 September 2022|accessdate=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209251204.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the low organized enough to become the first tropical depression of the season by 26 September.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression 01 Warning Number (1/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209261200_1_1_20222023.pdf|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209261200_1_1_20222023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Early the next day, the JTWC subsequently designated the storm as ''Tropical Cyclone 02S'', citing a ] pass indicating tropical storm-force winds in its western and eastern semicircles.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0222prog.txt|type=prog|category=TC|designation=02S|name=Ashley|no=1|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2022-09-26-2110-sh0223prog.txt|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> The MFR also upgraded the system into a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) named it ''Ashley''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2022|title=Current Storm/Cyclone (Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley) |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927150345/http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|archive-date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref><ref name="Ashley">{{cite report|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 01 (Ashley) Warning Number (2/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209270600_ASHLEY.pdf|date=27 September 2022|accessdate=27 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927124642/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209270600_ASHLEY.pdf}}</ref> The system then reached peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph),<ref name="Ashley" /> before succumbing to strong northeasterly shear and significant dry air intrusions late on the same day, prompting the JTWC to issue their final advisory on Ashley.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0222prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=02S|name=Ashley|no=3|archive-url=http://archive.today/2022.09.27-235037/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> The MFR terminated advisories by 06:00 UTC on 28 September as Ashley weakened into a remnant low,<ref name="Remnant low">{{cite report|title=Remnant Low 01 (Ashley) Warning Number (6/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209280600_ASHLEY.pdf|date=28 September 2022|accessdate=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928071839/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209280600_ASHLEY.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> but continued to track the storm until it was last noted on 30 September as a dissipating low.<ref>{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209301156.pdf|date=30 September 2022|accessdate=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110817/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209301156.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 22 September, a ] produced a weak tropical low in the Indian Ocean, initially expected by MFR to not form due to upper ].<ref name="Bulletin">{{cite web|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209221145.pdf|date=22 September 2022|access-date=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151517/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209221145.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Environmental conditions improved over the next 3 days,<ref name="System">{{cite web|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209251204.pdf|date=25 September 2022|access-date=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209251204.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the low organized enough to become the first tropical depression of the season by 26 September.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression 01 Warning Number (1/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209261200_1_1_20222023.pdf|date=26 September 2022|access-date=26 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926151515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209261200_1_1_20222023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Early the next day, the JTWC subsequently designated the storm as ''Tropical Cyclone 02S'', citing a ] pass indicating tropical storm-force winds in its western and eastern semicircles.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0222prog.txt|type=prog|category=TC|designation=02S|name=Ashley|no=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0222prog.txt|archive-date=27 September 2022}} </ref> The MFR also upgraded the system into a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) named it ''Ashley''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2022|title=Current Storm/Cyclone (Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley) |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927150345/http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|archive-date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref><ref name="Ashley">{{cite web|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 01 (Ashley) Warning Number (2/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209270600_ASHLEY.pdf|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927124642/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209270600_ASHLEY.pdf}}</ref> The system then reached peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 75&nbsp;km/h (45&nbsp;mph),<ref name="Ashley" /> before succumbing to strong northeasterly shear and significant dry air intrusions late on the same day, prompting the JTWC to issue their final advisory on Ashley.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0222prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=02S|name=Ashley|no=3|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220927235037/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> The MFR terminated advisories by 06:00 UTC on 28 September as Ashley weakened into a remnant low,<ref name="Remnant low">{{cite web|title=Remnant Low 01 (Ashley) Warning Number (6/1/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209280600_ASHLEY.pdf|date=28 September 2022|access-date=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928071839/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202209280600_ASHLEY.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> but continued to track the storm until it was last noted on 30 September as a dissipating low.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209301156.pdf|date=30 September 2022|access-date=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110817/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202209301156.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Line 131: Line 160:
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Balita 2022-10-08 0425Z.jpg |Image=Balita 2022-10-08 0425Z.jpg
|Track=Balita 2022 track.png |Track=Balita 2022 path.png
|Formed=3 October |Formed=3 October
|Dissipated=9 October |Dissipated=9 October
Line 138: Line 167:
|Pressure=996 |Pressure=996
}} }}
{{see also|List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones}}
On 2 October, the MFR began to monitor a disturbance associated with the convergence of the ].<ref name="westerly wind burst">{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210021220.pdf|date=2 October 2022|accessdate=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110817/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210021220.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> However, convective activity was located in the low-level convergences.<ref>{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210031151.pdf|date=3 October 2022|accessdate=3 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110818/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210031151.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the next day, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=2022-10-03|time=14Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2022-10-03-1450-abioweb.txt}}</ref> Satellite images indicated that the low-level cloud lines wrapping into the low-level center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=2022-10-04|time=11Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2022-10-04-1110-abioweb.txt}}</ref> Early on 5 October, the JTWC issued a ] on the system.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=October 5, 2022|type=tcfa|designation=92S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9222web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2022-10-05-0140-sh9223web.txt}}</ref> The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 03S'' at 03:00 UTC on 6 October.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=6 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Three|no=1|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2022-10-06-0210-sh0323web.txt|archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> By 06:00 UTC, the MFR upgraded it to a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (1/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210060600_1_2_20222023.pdf|date=6 October 2022|accessdate=6 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110818/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210060600_1_2_20222023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its southern quadrant.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (3/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210061800_3_2_20222023.pdf|date=6 October 2022|accessdate=6 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006235604/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210061800_3_2_20222023.pdf}}</ref> Despite moderate northeasterly wind shear, convection increased around the system.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (4/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210070000_4_2_20222023.pdf|date=7 October 2022|accessdate=7 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007014850/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210070000_4_2_20222023.pdf}}</ref>
On 2 October, the MFR began to monitor a disturbance associated with the convergence of the ].<ref name="westerly wind burst">{{cite web|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210021220.pdf|date=2 October 2022|access-date=2 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110817/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210021220.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> However, convective activity was located in the low-level convergences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210031151.pdf|date=3 October 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110818/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210031151.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the next day, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=3 October 2022|time=14Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2018-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213123248/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt}} </ref> Satellite images indicated that the low-level cloud lines wrapping into the low-level center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=4 October 2022|time=11Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2018-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213123248/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt}} </ref> Early on 5 October, the JTWC issued a ] on the system.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=5 October 2022|type=tcfa|designation=92S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9222web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130235135/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9222web.txt}} </ref> The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 03S'' at 03:00 UTC on 6 October.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=6 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Three|no=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|archive-date=6 October 2022}} </ref> By 06:00 UTC, the MFR upgraded it to a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (1/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210060600_1_2_20222023.pdf|date=6 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022|publisher=]|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110818/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210060600_1_2_20222023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its southern quadrant.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (3/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210061800_3_2_20222023.pdf|date=6 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006235604/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210061800_3_2_20222023.pdf}}</ref> Despite moderate northeasterly wind shear, convection increased around the system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression 02 Warning Number (4/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210070000_4_2_20222023.pdf|date=7 October 2022|access-date=7 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007014850/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210070000_4_2_20222023.pdf}}</ref>


The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 8 October with the name ''Balita'' from the MMS.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2022|title=Current Storm/Cyclone (Moderate Tropical Storm Balita) |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008010208/http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|archive-date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref><ref name="Balita">{{cite report|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 02 (Balita) Warning Number (8/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210080000_BALITA.pdf|date=8 October 2022|accessdate=8 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008005312/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210080000_BALITA.pdf}}</ref> ] revealed that Balita had improved its convective structure.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0322prog.txt|type=prog|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Balita|no=5|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2022-10-08-0140-sh0323prog.txt|archive-date=8 October 2022}}</ref> At 06:00 UTC on October 9, Balita's structure became elongated and asymmetrical, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210090600_BALITA.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 02 (Balita) Warning Number (13/2/20222023) |date=9 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009075707/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210090600_BALITA.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 October 2022|access-date=9 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Balita|no=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009142048/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0323web.txt|archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> Later that same day, the MFR ceased advisories, and the JTWC followed suit.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210091200_EX-BALITA.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 02 (Ex-Balita) Warning Number (14/2/20222023) |date=9 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009133256/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210091200_EX-BALITA.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> The remnants fully dissipated on 13 October.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210131158.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=13 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018062325/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210131158.pdf |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 October 2022}}</ref> The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 8 October with the name ''Balita'' from the MMS.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2022|title=Current Storm/Cyclone (Moderate Tropical Storm Balita) |url=http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008010208/http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php|archive-date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|publisher=Mauritius Meteorological Services}}</ref><ref name="Balita">{{cite web|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 02 (Balita) Warning Number (8/2/20222023)|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210080000_BALITA.pdf|date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008005312/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210080000_BALITA.pdf}}</ref> ] revealed that Balita had improved its convective structure.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0322prog.txt|type=prog|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Balita|no=5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0322prog.txt|archive-date=8 October 2022}} </ref> At 06:00 UTC on 9 October, Balita's structure became elongated and asymmetrical, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210090600_BALITA.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 02 (Balita) Warning Number (13/2/20222023) |date=9 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009075707/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210090600_BALITA.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 October 2022|access-date=9 October 2022|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|type=warn|category=TC|designation=03S|name=Balita|no=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009142048/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0323web.txt|archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> Later that same day, the MFR ceased advisories, and the JTWC followed suit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210091200_EX-BALITA.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 02 (Ex-Balita) Warning Number (14/2/20222023) |date=9 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009133256/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202210091200_EX-BALITA.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> The remnants fully dissipated on 13 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210131158.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=13 October 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018062325/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202210131158.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref>
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Line 147: Line 177:
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=03S 2022-11-06 0740Z.jpg |Image=03S 2022-11-06 0740Z.jpg
|Track=02U 2022 track.png |Track=02U 2022 path.png
|Formed=5 November (]) |Formed=5 November (])
|Dissipated=6 November <!-- The JTWC doesn't recognize 02U (03) re-upgraded to tropical depression. --> |Dissipated=6 November <!-- The JTWC doesn't recognize 02U (03) re-upgraded to tropical depression. -->
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|Pressure=1008 |Pressure=1008
}} }}
On 5 November, ] that was being monitored by the MFR crossed into the South-West Indian Ocean basin from the Australian region.<ref name="MFR">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202211051205.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=5 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105133930/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202211051205.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2022 |url-status=live |accessdate=5 November 2022}}</ref> At the time, there was no more convection associated, only a low-level vortex.<ref name="MFR" /> Thunderstorm activity has resumed in the southern part of the system in the last few hours.<ref name="MFR" /> Upon entering the basin, the JTWC ceased advisories by 09:00 UTC that day.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=5 November 2022|type=warn|category=TC|designation=04S|name=Four|no=4|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0422prog.txt|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221105073108/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0423web.txt| archive-date=5 November 2022}}</ref> The MFR's reclassified the system as ''Tropical Depression 03''.<ref name="TD3">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211051800_1_3_20222023.pdf |title=Tropical Depression 03 Warning Number (1/3/20222023) |date=5 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106000843/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211051800_1_3_20222023.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2022 |url-status=live |accessdate=6 November 2022}}</ref> Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for ], with low vertical ] and moderate equatorial outflow.<ref name="Invest 93S">{{Cite JTWC|date=6 November 2022|time=13Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106034924/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt}}</ref> At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the MFR's issued their last warning as the system degenerated into a remnant low.<ref name="low">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211060600_3_3_20222023.pdf |title=Remnant Low 03 Warning Number (3/3/20222023) |date=6 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106065620/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211060600_3_3_20222023.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2022 |url-status=live |accessdate=6 November 2022}}</ref> On 5 November, ] that was being monitored by the MFR crossed into the South-West Indian Ocean basin from the Australian region.<ref name="MFR">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202211051205.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=5 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105133930/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202211051205.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref> At the time, there was no more convection associated, only a low-level vortex.<ref name="MFR" /> Thunderstorm activity has resumed in the southern part of the system in the last few hours.<ref name="MFR" /> Upon entering the basin, the JTWC ceased advisories by 09:00 UTC that day.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=5 November 2022|type=warn|category=TC|designation=04S|name=Four|no=4|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0422prog.txt|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221105073108/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0423web.txt| archive-date=5 November 2022}}</ref> The MFR's reclassified the system as ''Tropical Depression 03''.<ref name="TD3">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211051800_1_3_20222023.pdf |title=Tropical Depression 03 Warning Number (1/3/20222023) |date=5 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106000843/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211051800_1_3_20222023.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for ], with low vertical ] and moderate equatorial outflow.<ref name="Invest 93S">{{Cite JTWC|date=6 November 2022|time=13Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106034924/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt}}</ref> At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the MFR's issued their last warning as the system degenerated into a remnant low.<ref name="low">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211060600_3_3_20222023.pdf |title=Remnant Low 03 Warning Number (3/3/20222023) |date=6 November 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106065620/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202211060600_3_3_20222023.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref>
{{clear}} {{clear}}


Line 160: Line 190:
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Darian 2022-12-21 0950Z.jpg |Image=Darian 2022-12-21 0950Z.jpg
|Track=Darian 2022 track.png |Track=Darian 2022 path.png
|Formed=21 December (]) |Formed=21 December (])
|Dissipated=30 December |Dissipated=30 December
|10-min winds=120 |10-min winds=120
|1-min winds=130 |1-min winds=135
|Pressure=920 |Pressure=920
}} }}
On 21 December, ] moved into the basin from the Australian region, and was immediately classified as a very intense tropical cyclone by MFR.<ref name="Darian">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Very Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (2/4/20222023) |date=21 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221232855/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2022 |accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> Darian exhibited a highly symmetrical cloud structure around a well-defined eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=21 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|name=Darian|no=9|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url= https://archive.md/2022.12.21-230808/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt| archive-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Darian's cloud pattern deteriorated and its ] started to become less defined, causing the cyclone to weaken to an intense tropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (3/4/20222023) |date=21 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221232450/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2022 |accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> Darian weakened to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone the next day, as the convective cloud tops had warmed slightly.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=22 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=11|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/2022.12.22-225155/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> Darian's then weakened due to strong wind shear, and was downgraded into a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212221800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (7/4/20222023) |date=22 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223004244/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212221800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2022 |accessdate=22 December 2022}}</ref> With a well-defined eye and impressive appearance on satellite imagery, Darian re-intensified, reaching 10-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|90|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} around 06:00 UTC on 23 December.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212230600_DARIAN.pdf|title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (9/4/20222023) |date=23 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223092424/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212230600_DARIAN.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2022 |accessdate=23 December 2022}}</ref> The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye surrounded by cold cloud tops.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212231200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (10/4/20222023) |date=23 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224094225/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212231200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022 |accessdate=23 December 2022}}</ref> Around the same time, the JTWC's also assessed Darian as having 1-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|130|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}, making the storm a Category 4-equivalent cyclone again on the ] (SSHWS).<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=23 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=13|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223143420/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523prog.txt|archive-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> Darian became quasi-stationary due to the presence of two main flows.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (12/4/20222023) |date=24 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224020237/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> The cyclone's eye can be seen from satellite imagery, and its cloud tops warmed to {{convert|-73 to -78|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}}.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=24 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=14|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224031713/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523prog.txt|archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Steady weakening occurred thereafter as it underwent an ].<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (13/4/20222023) |date=24 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224093832/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 December, ] moved into the basin from the Australian region, and was immediately classified as a very intense tropical cyclone by MFR.<ref name="Darian">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Very Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (2/4/20222023) |date=21 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221232855/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> Darian exhibited a highly symmetrical cloud structure around a well-defined eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=21 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|name=Darian|no=9|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url= https://archive.today/20221221230808/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt| archive-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Darian's cloud pattern deteriorated and its ] started to become less defined, causing the cyclone to weaken to an intense tropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (3/4/20222023) |date=21 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221232450/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212211800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> Darian weakened to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone the next day, as the convective cloud tops had warmed slightly.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=22 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=11|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221222225155/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> Darian's then weakened due to strong wind shear, and was downgraded into a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212221800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (7/4/20222023) |date=22 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223004244/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212221800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> With a well-defined eye and impressive appearance on satellite imagery, Darian re-intensified, reaching 10-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|90|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} around 06:00 UTC on 23 December.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212230600_DARIAN.pdf|title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (9/4/20222023) |date=23 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223092424/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212230600_DARIAN.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye surrounded by cold cloud tops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212231200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (10/4/20222023) |date=23 December 2022 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224094225/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212231200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> Around the same time, the JTWC's also assessed Darian as having 1-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|130|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}, making the storm a Category 4-equivalent cyclone again on the ] (SSHWS).<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=23 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=13|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223143420/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523prog.txt|archive-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> Darian became quasi-stationary due to the presence of two main flows.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (12/4/20222023) |date=24 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224020237/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> The cyclone's eye can be seen from satellite imagery, and its cloud tops warmed to {{convert|-73 to -78|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}}.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=24 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=14|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224031713/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523prog.txt|archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Steady weakening occurred thereafter as it underwent an ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (13/4/20222023) |date=24 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224093832/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212240600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>


Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a {{convert|8|nmi}} surrounded eye around deep convection as a result, the cyclone weakened to Category 2-equivalent cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=24 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=15|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/2022.12.24-145007/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Further weakening occurred as the MFR assessed that Darian's winds bottomed out at {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212250000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (16/4/20222023) |date=25 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225125320/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212250000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2022}}</ref> At 03:00 UTC on 26 December, the JTWC reported that Darian had re-strengthened to {{convert|110|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} with a warm {{convert|-10|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}}, a wide eye {{convert|25|nmi}}, and was surrounded by cold, {{convert|-72 to -82|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}} cloud tops.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=26 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=18|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/2022.12.26-035533/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=26 December 2022}}</ref> Using the ], MFR estimated winds of {{convert|100|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212260600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (21/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226075748/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212260600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (22/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227025703/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Due to moderate east-northeasterly vertical wind shear, Darian fell to {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} winds, according to MFR.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (23/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227023023/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Just six hours later, the eye feature persisted, consisting of a warm area within the cooling eyewall.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212270600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (25/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227073348/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212270600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> At 15:00 UTC on 27 December, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=21|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/2022.12.27-200546/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Satellite imagery showed that the cloud pattern began to rapidly deteriorate, and MFR followed suit and declared it a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212280000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 04 (Darian) Warning Number (28/4/20222023) |date=28 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228023515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212280000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> The JTWC also reported that Darian's weakened into a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=28 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=22|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/2022.12.28-024203/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 29 December, Darian weakened into a moderate tropical storm, after the convection diminished around the center.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212290000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 04 (Darian) Warning Number (32/4/20222023) |date=29 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url= |archive-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> MFR issued its last advisory on the storm on 30 December as it transitioned into a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212301200_EX-DARIAN.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 04 (Ex-Darian) Warning Number (37/4/20222023) |date=30 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230130930/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212301200_EX-DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> The JTWC also discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 31 December.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=31 December 2022|type=warn|category=TC|designation=05S|no=28|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231025526/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523web.txt|archive-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a {{convert|8|nmi}} surrounded eye around deep convection as a result, the cyclone weakened to Category 2-equivalent cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=24 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=15|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221224145007/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Further weakening occurred as the MFR assessed that Darian's winds bottomed out at {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212250000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (16/4/20222023) |date=25 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225125320/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212250000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2022}}</ref> At 03:00 UTC on 26 December, the JTWC reported that Darian had re-strengthened to {{convert|110|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} with a warm {{convert|-10|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}}, a wide eye {{convert|25|nmi}}, and was surrounded by cold, {{convert|-72 to -82|C|F|abbr=on|disp=flip}} cloud tops.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=26 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=18|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221226035533/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=26 December 2022}}</ref> Using the ], MFR estimated winds of {{convert|100|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212260600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (21/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226075748/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212260600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261200_DARIAN.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (22/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227025703/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261200_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Due to moderate east-northeasterly vertical wind shear, Darian fell to {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} winds, according to MFR.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261800_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (23/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227023023/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212261800_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Just six hours later, the eye feature persisted, consisting of a warm area within the cooling eyewall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212270600_DARIAN.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 04 (Darian) Warning Number (25/4/20222023) |date=26 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227073348/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212270600_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> At 15:00 UTC on 27 December, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=27 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=21|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221227200546/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> Satellite imagery showed that the cloud pattern began to rapidly deteriorate, and MFR followed suit and declared it a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212280000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 04 (Darian) Warning Number (28/4/20222023) |date=28 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228023515/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212280000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> The JTWC also reported that Darian's weakened into a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=28 December 2022|type=prog|category=TC|designation=05S|no=22|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221228024203/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdxs31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 29 December, Darian weakened into a moderate tropical storm, after the convection diminished around the center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212290000_DARIAN.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 04 (Darian) Warning Number (32/4/20222023) |date=29 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229053705/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212290000_DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> MFR issued its last advisory on the storm on 30 December as it transitioned into a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212301200_EX-DARIAN.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 04 (Ex-Darian) Warning Number (37/4/20222023) |date=30 December 2022 |publisher=] |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230130930/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202212301200_EX-DARIAN.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> The JTWC also discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 31 December.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=31 December 2022|type=warn|category=TC|designation=05S|no=28|name=Darian|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231025526/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0523web.txt|archive-date=31 December 2022}}</ref>
{{clear}} {{clear}}


===Tropical Cyclone Cheneso=== ===Tropical Cyclone Cheneso===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small {{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Cheneso 2023-01-25 1100Z.jpg |Image=Cheneso 2023-01-25 1100Z.jpg
|Track=Cheneso 2023 track.png |Track=Cheneso 2023 path.png
|Formed=16 January |Formed=16 January
|Dissipated=29 January |Dissipated=29 January
|10-min winds=70 |10-min winds=75
|1-min winds=85 |1-min winds=80
|Pressure=959 |Pressure=965
}} }}
{{main|Cyclone Cheneso}} {{main|Cyclone Cheneso}}
The percursor to Cheneso formed on 16 January to the south of Diego Garcia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Track Data on Tropical Cyclone Cheneso (05) |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE05.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202101759/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE05.html |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website= |publisher=]}}</ref> The system meandered southwestward, becoming a tropical disturbance on 18 January.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301171934.pdf |title=Tropical Disturbance 05 Warning Number (3/5/20222023) |date=17 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118002606/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301171934.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2023|accessdate=18 January 2023}}</ref> By late the next day, the system had intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Cheneso,<ref name="Warning Cheneso">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181323.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (6/5/20222023) |date=18 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060156/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181323.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2023 |accessdate=18 January 2023}}</ref> and the JTWC classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 08S''.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=17 January 2023|type=warn|category=tc|designation=08S|no=1|name=Eight|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-01-17-1950-sh0823web.txt|}}</ref> Satellite imagery showed that a ] (CDO) was obscuring the low-level circulation center (LLCC),<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=18 January 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=08S|no=03|name=Cheneso|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119072924/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823prog.txt|archive-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> and Cheneso intensified further into a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181924.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (7/5/20222023) |date=18 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060531/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181924.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2023 |accessdate=18 January 2023}}</ref> The cyclone moved ashore in northeastern Madagascar on 17&nbsp;January and quickly weakened as it crossed the country.<ref name="JTWC">{{Cite JTWC|date=17 January 2023|type=warn||category=tc|no=4|designation=08S|name=Cheneso|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119105118/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt}}</ref><ref name="Overland depression">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301201302.pdf |title=Overland Depression 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (14/5/20222023) |date=20 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121041346/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301201302.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2023 |accessdate=20 January 2023}}</ref> It emerged into the ] as a weak tropical disturbance.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301230724.pdf |title=Overland Depression 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (15/5/20222023) |date=23 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123092522/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301230724.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2023 |accessdate=23 January 2023}}</ref> The storm again reached open waters, and briefly re-intensified into a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301251341.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone Cheneso 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (24/5/20222023) |date=25 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125140229/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301251341.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2023 |accessdate=24 January 2023}}</ref> By 06:00 UTC on 29 January, Cheneso's structure became poorly organized, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301290718.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 05 (Ex-Cheneso) Warning Number (39/5/20222023) |date=29 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129075657/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301290718.pdf |archive-date=29 January 2023 |accessdate=29 January 2023}}</ref> Cheneso formed on 16 January to the south of Diego Garcia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Track Data on Tropical Cyclone Cheneso (05) |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE05.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202101759/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE05.html |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website= |publisher=]}}</ref> The system meandered southwestward, becoming a tropical disturbance on 18 January.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301171934.pdf |title=Tropical Disturbance 05 Warning Number (3/5/20222023) |date=17 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118002606/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301171934.pdf|archive-date=18 January 2023|access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> By late the next day, the system had intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Cheneso, and the JTWC classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 08S''.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=17 January 2023|type=warn|category=tc|designation=08S|no=1|name=Eight|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117210124/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-01-17|}} </ref><ref name="Warning Cheneso">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181323.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (6/5/20222023) |date=18 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060156/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181323.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> Satellite imagery showed that a ] (CDO) was obscuring the low-level circulation center (LLCC), and Cheneso intensified further into a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181924.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (7/5/20222023) |date=18 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060531/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301181924.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=18 January 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=08S|no=03|name=Cheneso|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0522prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119072924/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823prog.txt|archive-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> The cyclone moved ashore in northern Madagascar on 17 January and quickly weakened as it crossed the country.<ref name="JTWC">{{Cite JTWC|date=17 January 2023|type=warn||category=tc|no=4|designation=08S|name=Cheneso|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119105118/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-date=2023-01-19}}</ref><ref name="Overland depression">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301201302.pdf |title=Overland Depression 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (14/5/20222023) |date=20 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121041346/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301201302.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref> It emerged into the ] as a weak tropical disturbance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301230724.pdf |title=Overland Depression 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (15/5/20222023) |date=23 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123092522/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301230724.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=23 January 2023}}</ref> Cheneso again reached open waters, and briefly re-intensified into a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301251341.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone Cheneso 05 (Cheneso) Warning Number (24/5/20222023) |date=25 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125140229/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301251341.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref> By 06:00 UTC on 29 January, Cheneso structure became poorly organized, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301290718.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 05 (Ex-Cheneso) Warning Number (39/5/20222023) |date=29 January 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129075657/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202301290718.pdf |archive-date=29 January 2023 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> The JTWC discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 30 January.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=30 January 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=08S|no=17|name=Cheneso|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130054750/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0823web.txt|archive-date=30 January 2023}}</ref>


The National Bureau of Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) reported 90,870 affected people, and 34,100 were displaced.<ref name="Cheneso Update (3)" /> At least 33 people were killed on the onslaught of Cheneso and 20 others missing.<ref name="Cheneso Update (3)">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone CHENESO, update (GDACS, BNGRCMID, MeteoMadagascar, EMSR645) (ECHO Daily Flash of 01 February 2023) - Madagascar {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-bngrcmid-meteomadagascar-emsr645-echo-daily-flash-01-february-2023 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Authorities issued an alert of heavy rain in the country, posing an imminent risk of flooding and landslides.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=23 January 2023 |title=Storm Cheneso picks up in Madagascar, more flooding to come |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/storm-cheneso-picks-madagascar-flooding-96712995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131095847/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/storm-cheneso-picks-madagascar-flooding-96712995 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> The National Bureau of Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) reported 90,870 affected people, and 34,100 were displaced.<ref name="Cheneso Update (3)">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone CHENESO, update (GDACS, BNGRCMID, MeteoMadagascar, EMSR645) (ECHO Daily Flash of 01 February 2023) - Madagascar {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-bngrcmid-meteomadagascar-emsr645-echo-daily-flash-01-february-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201134256/https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-bngrcmid-meteomadagascar-emsr645-echo-daily-flash-01-february-2023 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=reliefweb.int |date=February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Overall, the cyclone was responsible for 33 deaths and 20 others missing.<ref name="Cheneso Update (3)" /> Damage from the storm is estimated to exceed $20 million.<ref name="damages">{{cite web |title=Global Catastrophe Recap First Half of 2023 |url=https://assets.aon.com/-/media/files/aon/capabilities/reinsurance/global-catastrophe-recap-1h-2023.pdf |access-date=2 September 2023 |publisher=Aon Benfield Analytics}}</ref>{{clear}}
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===Tropical Cyclone Dingani=== ===Tropical Cyclone Dingani===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small {{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Dingani 2023-02-12 0840Z.jpg |Image=Dingani 2023-02-12 0840Z.jpg
|Track=Dingani 2023 track.png |Track=Dingani 2023 path.png
|Formed=9 February (]) |Formed=9 February (])
|Dissipated=15 February |Dissipated=15 February
Line 201: Line 230:
}} }}


On 9 February, ] from the Australian region entered the basin and was designated as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302090706.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (1/6/20222023) |date=9 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209073013/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302090706.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2023 |accessdate=9 February 2023}}</ref> By 03:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA, after noting persistent deep convection within its southern quadrant.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=tcfa|designation=94S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9423web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209073525/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9423web.txt}}</ref> Later that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 13S''.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085339/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt}}</ref> The storm had a broad and fully exposed LCC, but was struggling due to northeasterly vertical windshear.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302091929.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 05 (Dingani) Warning Number (3/6/20222023) |date=9 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210014146/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302091929.pdf|archive-date=10 February 2023 |accessdate=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=2|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210034107/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323prog.txt}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 11 February, as convection maintained near the center, the MFR upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302110117.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (3/6/20222023) |date=11 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101330/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302110117.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |accessdate=11 February 2023}}</ref> Later the next day, Dingani had rapidly consolidated as it formed a {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} diameter eye, including a significant improved convective structure; the JTWC's assessed the storm to have strengthened into {{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} of winds.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=7|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.md/AVOsW}}</ref> Dingani continued to intensify and soon became a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302121304.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (14/6/20222023) |date=12 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101331/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302121304.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref> Twelve hours later, the cyclone maintained a well defined-eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=8|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213053656/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323prog.txt}}</ref> However, shear began impacting the storm, causing the eye to dissappear.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302131908.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (19/6/20222023) |date=13 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214110842/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302131908.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |accessdate=13 February 2023}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 14 February, Dingani weakened back into a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302140110.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (20/6/20222023) |date=14 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215113307/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302140110.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |accessdate=14 February 2023}}</ref> The JTWC also reported that Dingani's weakened into a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=14 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=11|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-14-0840-sh1323prog.txt}}</ref> Later the next day, Dingani later transitioned into a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302150744.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 06 (Ex-Dingani) Warning Number (25/6/20222023) |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215105204/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302150744.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |accessdate=15 February 2023}}</ref> On 9 February, ] from the Australian region entered the basin and was designated as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302090706.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (1/6/20222023) |date=9 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209073013/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302090706.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> By 03:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA, after noting persistent deep convection within its southern quadrant.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=tcfa|designation=94S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9423web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209073525/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9423web.txt}}</ref> Later that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 13S''.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085339/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt}}</ref> The storm had a broad and fully exposed LCC, but was struggling due to northeasterly vertical windshear.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302091929.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 05 (Dingani) Warning Number (3/6/20222023) |date=9 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210014146/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302091929.pdf|archive-date=10 February 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=9 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=2|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210034107/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323prog.txt|archive-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 11 February, as convection maintained near the center, the MFR upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302110117.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (3/6/20222023) |date=11 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101330/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302110117.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> Later the next day, Dingani had rapidly consolidated as it formed a {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} diameter eye, including a significant improved convective structure; the JTWC's assessed the storm to have strengthened into {{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} of winds.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=7|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230212095625/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323prog.txt}}</ref> Dingani continued to intensify and soon became a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302121304.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (14/6/20222023) |date=12 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214101331/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302121304.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> Twelve hours later, the cyclone maintained a well defined-eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=8|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213053656/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323prog.txt|archive-date=2023-02-13}}</ref> However, shear began impacting the storm, causing the eye to disappear.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302131908.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (19/6/20222023) |date=13 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214110842/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302131908.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> By 00:00 UTC on 14 February, Dingani weakened back into a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302140110.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 06 (Dingani) Warning Number (20/6/20222023) |date=14 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215113307/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302140110.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> The JTWC also reported that Dingani's weakened into a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=14 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=11|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085339/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt}} </ref> Later the next day, Dingani later transitioned into a post-tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302150744.pdf |title=Post-Tropical Depression 06 (Ex-Dingani) Warning Number (25/6/20222023) |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215105204/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302150744.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> The system was poorly organized, with a high wind shear environment, and the JTWC issued a final warning on the system on 16 February.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=16 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=13S|name=Dingani|no=15|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085339/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt}} </ref>
{{clear}} {{clear}}


===Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy=== ===Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy===
<!--{{Infobox tropical cyclone small {{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=SWI |Basin=SWI
|Image=Freddy 2023-02-15 0730Z.jpg |Image=Freddy 2023-02-19 0900Z.jpg
|Track=Freddy 2023 track.png |Track=Freddy 2023 path.png
|Formed=14 February (]) |Formed=14 February (])
|Dissipated=Present |Dissipated=14 March
|10-min winds=115 |10-min winds=125
|1-min winds=145 |1-min winds=140
|Pressure=937 |Pressure=927
}}-->
{{Infobox tropical cyclone current
|name= Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy
|MFRcategory=ITC
|MFRtype=ITC
|category=cat4
|type=tropical cyclone
|time=18:00 ], 15 February
|image=2023 JTWC 11S IR satellite imagery.jpg
|track=2023 JTWC 11S forecast map.sh1123.gif
|lat=-15.1
|lon=79.1
|within_units=20 ]
|distance_from=About {{convert|2445|km|abbr=on}} E of ] <br /> About {{convert|3560|km|abbr=on}} E of ]
|gusts-position=10sustained
|1sustained={{convert|120|knot|round=5}}
|10sustained={{convert|105|knot|round=5}}
|gusts={{convert|160|knot|round=5}}
|pressure={{convert|940|hPa|inHg|comma=off|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
|movement=] at {{cvt|15|kn}}
}} }}
{{main|Cyclone Freddy}}
{{see also|Meteorological history of Cyclone Freddy|Humanitarian response to Cyclone Freddy}}
On 14 February, ] moved into the basin from the Australian region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141406.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (1/7/20222023) |date=14 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215115559/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141406.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> On 15 February, the system reached Category 5-equivalent intensity, with 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|145|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=Jeff |date=16 February 2023 |title=Cyclone Freddy, the year's first category 5 storm, heads toward vulnerable Madagascar » Yale Climate Connections |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/02/first-cat-5-of-2023-cyclone-freddy-weakens-to-cat-4-and-heads-toward-madagascar/ |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 February, the MFR upgraded Freddy to a very intense tropical cyclone estimated a minimum ] of {{convert|931|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} and 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|120|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref name=":Freddy (report)">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302190145.pdf |title=Very Intense Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (19/7/20222023) |date=19 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219045438/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302190145.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2023 |accessdate=19 February 2023}}</ref> However, the MFR later revised these figures, concluding a peak wind speed of {{convert|125|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}, and minimum central pressure of {{convert|927|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}.<ref name=":Freddy (Best track)">{{Cite web |title=Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy (07) |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/saisons_archivees/20222023/2022RE07.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313015452/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE07.html |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref> Freddy's eye pattern quickly deteriorated as the cloud tops warmed on 20 February, while it was traversing north of the ].<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=20 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=11S|no=36|name=Freddy|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-20-1450-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref> The cyclone developed a pinhole eye while approaching Madagascar as a compact tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=21 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=11S|no=38|name=Freddy|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-21-1400-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref> Freddy made ] as a strong Category 2-equivalent intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|95|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} near ], Madagascar on 21 February.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=Jeff |date=21 February 2023 |title=Category 3 Cyclone Freddy hits Madagascar » Yale Climate Connections |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/02/category-3-cyclone-freddy-hits-madagascar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726164121/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/02/category-3-cyclone-freddy-hits-madagascar/ |archive-date=26 July 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US}}</ref> It then rapidly weakened upon encountering the mountainous terrain of the island nation and was downgraded to overland depression status.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302211905.pdf |title=Overland Depression 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (30/7/20222023) |date=21 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222114957/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302211905.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=21 February 2023}}</ref> Freddy emerged over the Mozambique Channel on 23 February.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=22 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=11S|no=39|name=Freddy|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-22-0240-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref>


The cyclone moved westward and quickly intensified into a severe tropical storm around 12:00 UTC that day, with convection wrapping around its center.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240138.pdf |title=Severe Tropical Storm 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (39/7/20222023) |date=24 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224044045/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240138.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=24 February 2023}}</ref> Around 12:00 UTC on 24 February, the storm made landfall in Mozambique south of ], with winds about {{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}, just below severe tropical storm strength.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302241339.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (41/7/20222023) |date=24 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224141719/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302241339.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=24 February 2023}}</ref> Freddy rapidly weakened as it moved westward and further inland,<ref name=":Freddy (17)">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302261154.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=26 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726164601/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302261154.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2024 |url-status=live |accessdate=26 February 2023}}</ref> eventually downgrading to an overland depression around 18:00 UTC that day,<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302241851.pdf |title=Overland Depression 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (42/7/20222023) |date=24 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224231538/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302241851.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=24 February 2023}}</ref> before its remnant low continued into Zimbabwe late on 26 February, where it persisted for a couple of days.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302250620.pdf |title=Overland Depression 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (44/7/20222023) |date=25 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225074309/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302250620.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=25 February 2023}}</ref> Freddy entered the channel early on 1 March and continued to intensify, reaching tropical cyclone status as it accelerated eastward towards the coast of Madagascar on 5 March,<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303071314.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (64/7/20222023) |date=7 March 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133132/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303071314.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> but then weakened to just below minimal tropical storm strength due to increased wind shear and dry air intrusion.<ref name=":Freddy (13)3">{{cite JTWC|date=9 March 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=11S|no=54|name=Freddy|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1123prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309055154/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1123prog.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> Freddy rapidly intensified once more and made its final landfall near ], Mozambique, with the JTWC estimated winds of about {{convert|95|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} on 11 March;<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303111941.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (81/7/20222023) |date=11 March 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312003403/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303111941.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> however, the storm's circulation dissipated shortly thereafter, marking the end of Freddy's time as a tropical cyclone on 14 March.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy (07) |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE07.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313015452/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE07.html |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref> Freddy was the longest-lasting tropical cyclone and the second-farthest traveling tropical cyclone globally in recorded history.<ref name=":199">{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=Jeff |date=2023-05-05 |title=Five of Africa's top 30 deadliest weather disasters have occurred since 2022 » Yale Climate Connections |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/05/five-of-africas-top-30-deadliest-weather-disasters-have-occurred-since-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505110025/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/05/five-of-africas-top-30-deadliest-weather-disasters-have-occurred-since-2022/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US}}</ref> Overall, the cyclone killed at least 1,434 people—making it the third deadliest tropical cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere—and inflicted $1.53 billion in damage.<ref name="GFDRRDamage">{{cite news|url=https://www.gfdrr.org/en/feature-story/supporting-resilient-recovery-mozambique|title=Supporting resilient recovery in Mozambique|work=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery|date=26 January 2024|access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wulfeck |first=Andrew |date=2024-07-10 |title=Ferocious Freddy: Meet the longest-lived tropical cyclone in history |url=https://www.foxweather.com/extreme-weather/tracking-tropical-cyclone-freddy |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=FOX Weather |language=en-US}}</ref>{{clear}}
On 14 February, ] moved into the basin from the Australian region and was classified as a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141406.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (1/7/20222023) |date=14 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215115559/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141406.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |accessdate=14 February 2023}}</ref> The agency later upgraded the system to a intense tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141918.pdf |title=Intense Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (2/7/20222023) |date=14 February 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215120339/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302141918.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2023 |accessdate=14 February 2023}}</ref> Freddy's structure began to improve as a eye feature was becoming visible in a small central dense overcast,<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=14 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=11S|name=Freddy|no=24|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-14-1420-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref> Freddy then began to exhibit some annular characteristics, before re-intensifying and reaching 1-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|120|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} around 03:00 UTC on 15 February.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=11S|name=Freddy|no=25|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-15-0300-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref> The JTWC noted that Freddy had a small symmetric {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=12 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=11S|name=Freddy|no=27|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-02-16-0230-sh1123prog.txt}}</ref>


===Tropical Cyclone Enala===
==== Current storm information ====
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
As of&nbsp;12:00&nbsp;UTC 16&nbsp;February, Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy is located within 20 nautical miles of {{Coord|14.9|S|79.6|E|name=Freddy|dim:5000km}} or about {{convert|2600|km|abbr=on}} east of ] and about {{convert|3720|km|abbr=on}} east of ]. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at {{convert|120|kn|round=5}}, with gusts up to {{convert|160|kn|round=5}} while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at {{convert|135|kn|round=5}}. The minimum central barometric pressure is {{convert|940|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|comma=off|abbr=on}}, and the system is moving west at {{cvt|14|kn}}.
|Basin=SWI
|Image=Enala 2023-02-23 0830Z.jpg
|Track=Enala 2023 track.png
|Formed=19 February
|Dissipated=28 February
|10-min winds=65
|1-min winds=75
|Pressure=980
}}
On 18 February, the MFR began monitoring a ] circulation located in the far northeastern corner of the basin, west-northwest of the ].<ref>{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302181205.pdf|date=18 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224071939/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302181205.pdf}}</ref> On the following day, it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather by the MFR.<ref>{{cite report|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302191217.pdf|date=19 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023|publisher=]|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224071957/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202302191217.pdf}}</ref> Convection had accelerated and was near to the circulation's center.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302211419.pdf|title=Zone of Disturbed Weather 8 Warning Number (1/8/20222023)|date=19 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=22 February 2023|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224071942/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302211419.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During 22 February, the system began to show signs of organization, and the system gained sufficient organization, noted by curved cloud bands, to be classified as a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302220150.pdf|title=Tropical Depression 8 Warning Number (3/8/20222023)|date=22 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=22 February 2023|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224052329/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302220150.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=22 February 2023|type=tcfa|designation=93S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9522web.txt}}{{dead link|date=August 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref> By 09:00 UTC that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 14S''.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=22 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=14S|name=Fourteen|no=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107012708/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt}} </ref> The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm with the name ''Enala'' from the MMS.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302221406.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (5/8/20222023)|date=22 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=22 February 2023|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224075718/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302221406.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Enala's cloud pattern slightly changed in the southwestern semicircle of the system.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302230149.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (7/8/20222023)|date=23 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=23 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224104425/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302230149.pdf}}</ref> Enala strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on 23 February.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=23 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=14S|name=Enala|no=4|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107012708/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt}} </ref>


MFR also upgraded the system into a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302230718.pdf|title=Severe Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (8/8/20222023)|date=23 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=23 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224132414/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302230718.pdf}}</ref> The cyclone began to show an eye that was visible on satellite imagery.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302231245.pdf|title=Severe Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (9/8/20222023)|date=23 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=23 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224132414/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302231245.pdf}}</ref> Enala intensified into tropical cyclone at 00:00 UTC on 24 February.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240201.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclone 8 (Enala) Warning Number (11/8/20222023)|date=24 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=24 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224132414/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240201.pdf}}</ref> Enala significantly weakened due to strong northwesterly wind shear, prompting the MFR to downgrade the system back to {{convert|60|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240828.pdf|title=Severe Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (12/8/20222023)|date=24 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=24 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226035317/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302240828.pdf}}</ref> Later that next day, the JTWC also reported that Enala had weakened into a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=25 February 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=14S|name=Enala|no=7|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107012708/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt}} </ref> Returning to vertical wind shear with winds of {{convert|20|-|25|km/h|abbr=on|mph|}}, Enala was downgraded to moderate tropical storm status by the MFR.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302270656.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 8 (Enala) Warning Number (24/8/20222023)|date=27 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=27 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307112912/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302270656.pdf}}</ref> During 28 February, while continuing to weaken, both the MFR and JTWC ceased issuing advisories due to it initiating subtropical transition.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302280118.pdf|title= Remnant Low 8 (Enala) Warning Number (27/8/20222023)|date=28 February 2023|publisher=]|access-date=28 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228222201/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202302280118.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date= 28 February 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=14S|name=Enala|no=14|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt|archive-date=28 February 2023|access-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228222245/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230228/210000/A_WTXS32PGTW282100_C_RJTD_20230228190917_2.txt}}</ref>{{clear}}
For the latest official information, see:

* MFR's
===Moderate Tropical Storm 09===
* JTWC'S
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=SWI
|Image=09 2023-03-26 0850Z.jpg
|Track=09R 2023 track.png
|Formed=25 March
|Dissipated=28 March
|10-min winds=40
|1-min winds=
|Pressure=997
}}
On 21 March, a weak low-pressure developed over the central Indian Ocean, MFR initially estimated a "very low" chance of a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303211249.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=21 March 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327123705/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303211249.pdf }}</ref> During 25 March, organization ensued with deep convection wrapping into its near center in the western and southern quadrants.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303251259.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=21 March 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327124624/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303251259.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The system began moving southwards, and on the next day it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303261135.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=26 March 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327125350/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202303261135.pdf }}</ref> After meandering for several days, the system began to take a more southerly track, and at 06:00 UTC on 27 March, it was upgraded to a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303270725.pdf|title=Tropical Depression 09 Warning Number (01/9/20222023)|date=27 March 2023|publisher=]|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327130450/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303270725.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Convective activity associated with the system eventually became limited and the system degenerated into a remnant low by 06:00 UTC on 28 March.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303280745.pdf|title=Remnant Low 09 Warning Number (05/9/20222023)|date=28 March 2023|publisher=]|access-date=28 March 2023|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328135338/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202303280745.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During post-storm analysis from the MFR, the system was upgraded into a moderate tropical storm on 26 March, although it remained unnamed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Track Data on Moderate Tropical Storm (09) |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE09.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511152905/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20222023/2022RE09.html |archive-date=11 May 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref>
{{clear}} {{clear}}

===Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=SWI
|Image=Fabien 2023-05-17 0200Z colored.jpg
|Track=Fabien 2023 path.png
|Formed=12 May
|Dissipated=25 May
|10-min winds=95
|1-min winds=105
|Pressure=958
}}
{{see also|List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones|Lu Peng Yuan Yu sinking|List of tropical cyclones near the Equator}}
The active phase of the ] (MJO) led to the MFR forecasting that a cyclonic circulation would form in the Indonesian region to the east of its area of responsibility (AoR).<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305061153.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=6 May 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513105052/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305061153.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> This also aided the development of ] north of the equator.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for North Indian Ocean issued at 0600 UTC of 02.05.2023 based on 0300 UTC of 02.05.2023.|publisher=India Meteorological Department|location=New Delhi, India|date=2 May 2023|access-date=9 May 2023|archive-date=9 May 2023|url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtin20.dems..txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230509233349/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230502/071000/A_WTIN20DEMS020710_C_RJTD_20230502071517_26.txt}}</ref> Long-range ensemble forecast guidance from the ] (GFS) and the ] (IFS) suggested the possibility of a storm forming.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305071040.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=7 May 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513105559/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305071040.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> A low-pressure developed within the western part, extending across the equator on 8 May.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305081145.pdf|title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=8 May 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=13 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305111238.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=11 May 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110339/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305111238.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305121116.pdf |title=Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean |date=12 May 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110624/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202305121116.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> The system began to organize with deep convection obscuring its LLCC.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=13 May 2023|time=14Z|type=abio|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2018-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213123248/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt}} </ref> During 13 May, the system had consolidated into a tropical disturbance.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305130745.pdf |title=Tropical Disturbance 10 Warning Number (01/10/20222023) |date=13 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513104334/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305130745.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> Later the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=13 May 2023|type=tcfa|designation=92S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9222web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513230708/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9223web.txt}}</ref> Later the next day, cloud pattern continued to improve with its CDO, and the system organized into a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305140056.pdf |title=Tropical Depression 10 Warning Number (04/10/20222023) (Corrective) |date=14 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514032513/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305140056.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2023}}</ref> The depression strengthened and became a Moderate Tropical Storm, assigning the name Fabien.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305140659.pdf |title=Moderate Tropical Storm 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (05/10/20222023) |date=14 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514073022/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305140659.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2023}}</ref> The JTWC subsequently classified it as ''Tropical Cyclone 19S.''<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=14 May 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=19S|name=Fabien|no=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt|archive-date=14 May 2023|access-date=14 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514123142/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1923web.txt}}</ref> Operationally, the MFR estimated winds of {{convert|40|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}, but reevaluation of ASCAT, the MFR revised the estimated to {{convert|50|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}, causing the system to become a severe tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305150114.pdf|title=Severe Tropical Storm 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (08/10/20222023) |date=15 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515040301/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305150114.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref> The storm had an intense band of intense deep convection wrapping over the LLCC, and as a result, Fabien strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=14 May 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=19S|name=Fabien|no=4|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt|archive-date=15 May 2023|access-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1923prog.txt}}</ref>

Fabien began showing an eye structure seen in microwave imaging, with Fabien later becoming a tropical cyclone.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305151233.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (10/10/20222023) |date=15 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515135022/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305151233.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref> With a solid eyewall of deep convection surrounding an eye, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 2-equivalent cyclone at 15:00 UTC on 15 May, estimating that the storm possessed 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=15 May 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=19S|name=Fabien|no=6|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt|archive-date=15 May 2023|access-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt}} </ref> Fabien organized into a very symmetric cyclone with an eye about {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} eye in diameter.<ref name="CAT 3" /> As a result, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone.<ref name="CAT 3">{{cite JTWC|date=16 May 2023|type=prog|category=TC|designation=19S|name=Fabien|no=10|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1423web.txt|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516143440/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1923prog.txt}}</ref> The MFR later upgraded Fabien into an intense tropical cyclone, becoming the latest cyclone of that intensity in the satellite era, surpassing ] of 1986 by six days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulletin du 16 mai à 22h26 locales de La Réunion (21h26 locales de Mayotte)|trans-title=Bulletin of May 16 at 10:26 p.m. local time in Reunion (9.26 p.m. local time in Mayotte|url=https://meteofrance.re/fr/cyclone|publisher=Meteo-France|date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516192437/https://meteofrance.re/fr/cyclone|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305161943.pdf|title=Intense Tropical Storm 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (15/10/20222023) |date=15 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517043652/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305161943.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref> Moderate wind shear started to affect the west and southwest parts of Fabien, and its ] began to erode.<ref name="tropical cyclone">{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305170734.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (17/10/20222023) |date=17 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520095451/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305170734.pdf|archive-date=20 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> Fabien weakened to tropical cyclone strength by 06:00 UTC on 17 May.<ref name="tropical cyclone" /> Convection increased again, and after the storm acquired a warm core, MFR reported that Fabien's winds weakened to {{convert|60|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305180036.pdf|title=Severe Tropical Storm 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (20/10/20222023) |date=18 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521082709/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305180036.pdf|archive-date=21 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> Fabien steadily weakened as it began to advect dry air into its circulation, deteriorating into a moderate tropical storm.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305180713.pdf|title=Moderate Tropical Storm 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (21/10/20222023) |date=18 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521113314/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305180713.pdf|archive-date=21 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> The MFR and JTWC determined Fabien degenerated into a ], and the last advisory was issued on 21 May.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305211222.pdf|title=Filling Up 10 (Fabien) Warning Number (34/10/20222023) |date=21 May 2023 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523035953/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202305211222.pdf|archive-date=23 May 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=21 May 2023|type=warn|category=TC|designation=19S|name=Fabien|no=27|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085339/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1323web.txt}} </ref> Around 19:00 UTC on 15 May,<ref>{{cite news |title=Rescue efforts under way with more than 35 missing after Chinese fishing vessel capsizes |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20230517-chinese-fishing-vessel-capsizes-in-indian-ocean-with-dozens-missing |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=France 24 |date=17 May 2023}}</ref> a Chinese ], the ''Lu Pen Yuan Yu'', ] as {{cvt|7|m|ft|abbr=on}} waves battered the vessel. At the time of the sinking, 39 people were on the boat: 17 Chinese nationals, 17 Indonesian nationals, and 5 Filipino nationals. So far, 16 dead bodies have been recovered.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two bodies found in Chinese fishing vessel crew search in the Indian Ocean |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-18/two-bodies-found-in-chinese-fishing-vessel-crew-search/102365632?sf266800977=1 |access-date=27 May 2023 |publisher=ABC News |date=18 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519122458/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-18/two-bodies-found-in-chinese-fishing-vessel-crew-search/102365632?utm_medium=social&utm_content=sf266800977&utm_campaign=tw_abc_news&utm_source=t.co&sf266800977=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="news.navy.lk">{{Cite web|url=https://news.navy.lk/lead-story/2023/05/23/202305231830/|title=Sri Lanka Navy conducts risky diving operation at overturned Chinese fishing vessel in high seas|access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>{{clear}}


==Storm names== ==Storm names==
Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65&nbsp;km/h (40&nbsp;mph) by the ] on ] island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm if it intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between ] and ]. If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between ] and ] then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Meteo Madagascar) in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2025–26 season, while the unused names will remain on the list.<ref name="TCOP-SWIO">{{cite web |author=Regional Association I Tropical Cyclone Committee |year=2021 |title=Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-West Indian Ocean |url=https://wmoomm.sharepoint.com/sites/wmocpdb/eve_activityarea/Tropical%20Cyclone%20Programme%20(TCP)_73452102-7575-e911-a98e-000d3a44bd9c/Operational%20Plans/01_RAI-TropicalCycloneCommittee-RA%20I%20TCC/2021_RAI_TCC-24/RAI_TCC-24_OperationalPlan_WMO-Nr1178_EN_2021.pdf |url-status=live |accessdate=14 February 2022}}</ref> New names this season are: Ashley, Balita, Cheneso, Dingani, Enali, Fabien, Gezani, Horacio, Indusa and Juluka. They replaced Ambali, Belna, Calvinia, Diane, Esami, Francisco, Gabekile, Herold, Irondro and Jeruto during the ].<ref name="TCOP-SWIO" /> Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65&nbsp;km/h (40&nbsp;mph) by the ] on ] island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm if it intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between ] and ]. If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between ] and ] then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Meteo Madagascar) in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2025–26 season, while the unused names will remain on the list.{{RA I Tropical cyclone operational plan}} New names this season are: Ashley, Balita, Cheneso, Dingani, Enala, Fabien, Gezani, Horacio, Indusa and Juluka. They replaced Ambali, Belna, Calvinia, Diane, Esami, Francisco, Gabekile, Herold, Irondro and Jeruto during the ].{{RA I Tropical cyclone operational plan}} The name ''Enala'' was misspelled by ] (MFR).
{| width="90%" {| width="90%"
| |
Line 254: Line 303:
*] *]
*Dingani *Dingani
*{{tcname unused|Enala}} *Enala
*{{tcname unused|Fabien}} *Fabien
*{{tcname unused|Gezani}} *{{tcname unused|Gezani}}
*{{tcname unused|Horacio}} *{{tcname unused|Horacio}}
Line 277: Line 326:
*{{tcname unused|Xila}} *{{tcname unused|Xila}}
*{{tcname unused|Yekela}} *{{tcname unused|Yekela}}
*{{tcname unused|Zania}} *{{tcname unused|Zaina}}
|} |}


If a tropical cyclone enters the South-West Indian basin from the ] (west of 90°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the ] (BoM). The following storms were named in this manner.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |title=Tropical cyclone names |date= |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226050506/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |accessdate=December 26, 2022}}</ref> If a tropical cyclone enters the South-West Indian basin from the ] (west of 90°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the ] (BoM). The following storms were named in this manner.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |title=Tropical cyclone names |date= |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226050506/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |archive-date=26 December 2022 |access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref>
*Darian *Darian
*{{tcname active|Freddy}} *]

After the season, the six names used were automatically retired and replaced with ''Awo'', ''Blossom'', ''Chenge'', ''Dudzai'', ''Ewetse'', and ''Fytia'', respectively for the 2025–26 season.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://community.wmo.int/en/tropical-cyclone-operational-plans |title= Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-West Indian Ocean |date= |publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref> As a result of the major loss of life and damage in Malawi and surrounding countries, the name ''Freddy'' was removed from the rotating lists of ] and will never be used to name a storm in that basin again. A replacement name is yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |title=Tropical cyclone names |date= |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028092851/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>
{{clear}}


==Season effects== ==Season effects==
Line 290: Line 342:
| {{Sort|01|Ashley}} || {{Sort|220923|23 – 28 September}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{Sort|3|Moderate tropical storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|40|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|1000|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|01|Ashley}} || {{Sort|220923|23 – 28 September}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{Sort|3|Moderate tropical storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|40|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|1000|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|- |-
| {{Sort|02|Balita}} || {{Sort|220926|3 – 9 October }} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{Sort|4|Moderate tropical storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|35|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|996|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|02|Balita}} || {{Sort|220926|3 – 9 October }} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{Sort|3|Moderate tropical storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|35|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|996|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|-
| {{Sort|03|03}} || {{Sort|220926|5 – 6 November}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|2|Tropical depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{convert|1008|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|-
| {{Sort|04|Darian}} || {{Sort|221221|21 – 30 December}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{Sort|7|Very intense tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|120|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|-
| {{Sort|05|]}} || {{Sort|230116|16 – 29 January}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{Sort|5|Tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || ] ||{{sort|0|$20&nbsp;million}} || {{sort|33|33}} || <ref name="Cheneso Update (3)" />
|- |-
| {{Sort|03|03}} || {{Sort|220926|56 November}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|4|Tropical depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{convert|1008|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|06|Dingani}} || {{Sort|230209|915 February}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{Sort|5|Tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|971|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|- |-
| {{Sort|04|Darian}} || {{Sort|221221|2130 December}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{Sort|4|Very intense tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|120|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|07|]}} || {{Sort|230214|14 February14 March}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{Sort|7|Very intense tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|125|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VITC}}|{{convert|927|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || ], ], ], ], ] ||{{sort|0|$1.53&nbsp;billion}} || {{sort|>1,434|1,434}} || <ref name=":199" /><ref name="GFDRRDamage" />
|- |-
| {{Sort|05|]}} || {{Sort|230116|1629 January}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{Sort|4|Tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|80|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|959|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || ] ||{{sort|0|Unknown}} || {{sort|33|33}} <!--If death toll increased, update Template:Deadliest meteorological events in 2023.--> || <ref name="Cheneso Update (3)" /> | {{Sort|08|Enala}} || {{Sort|230219|1928 February}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{Sort|5|Tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None || {{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|- |-
| {{Sort|06|Dingani}} || {{Sort|230209|915 February}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{Sort|4|Tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TC}}|{{convert|971|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|09|09}} || {{Sort|230325|2528 March}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{Sort|3|Moderate tropical storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|40|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|MTS}}|{{convert|997|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} ||
|- |-
| {{Sort|07|Freddy}} || {{Sort|230214|14 FebruaryPresent}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{Sort|4|Intense tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{convert|115|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{convert|937|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || None ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|None}} || | {{Sort|10|Fabien}} || {{Sort|230512|1225 May}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{Sort|6|Intense tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{convert|95|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|ITC}}|{{convert|958|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on|comma=off}} || ] ||{{sort|0|None}} || {{sort|0|16}} ||<ref name="news.navy.lk"/>
|- |-
{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=7 systems|dates=23 September 2022 Season ongoing|winds={{convert|120|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5}}|pres={{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|damage=Unknown|deaths=33|Refs=}} {{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=10 systems|dates=23&nbsp;September 2022&nbsp;25&nbsp;May 2023|winds={{convert|125|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5}}|pres={{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|damage=$1.55&nbsp;billion|deaths=>1,483|Refs=}}


==See also== ==See also==
Line 332: Line 390:
{{TC Decades|Year=2020|basin=South-West Indian Ocean|type=cyclone|shem=yes}} {{TC Decades|Year=2020|basin=South-West Indian Ocean|type=cyclone|shem=yes}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|2022|split-year=yes}} {{Tropical cyclone season|2022|split-year=yes}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season}} {{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season}}

Latest revision as of 14:20, 24 December 2024

Tropical cyclone season

2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed23 September 2022
Last system dissipated25 May 2023
Strongest storm
By maximum sustained windsFreddy
 • Maximum winds230 km/h (145 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure927 hPa (mbar)
By central pressureDarian
 • Maximum winds220 km/h (140 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total disturbances10
Total depressions10
Total storms9
Tropical cyclones6
Intense tropical cyclones3
Very intense tropical cyclones2
Total fatalities>1,483 total
(Second-deadliest South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season on record)
Total damage$1.55 billion (2023 USD)
(Third-costliest South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season on record)
Related articles
South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25

The 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was one of the deadliest South-West Indian cyclone seasons on record, mostly due to Cyclone Freddy. It officially began on 15 November 2022, and ended on 30 April 2023, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on 15 May 2023. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that form between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 will be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion and unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The season was average in terms of the number of systems that formed, with nine systems becoming at least moderate tropical storms, and six reaching tropical cyclone strength. Activity began early, with the first two systems (Ashley and Balita) developing in September and October, and ended late with Fabien in May.

The season featured Cyclone Freddy, which became the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record, beating the previous record of Hurricane John in 1994, and also had the highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of any tropical cyclone on record worldwide, surpassing Hurricane Ioke in 2006. In addition, Freddy is the only known tropical cyclone to achieve seven separate rapid intensification cycles. Additionally, Freddy was the second farthest-traveling tropical cyclone ever observed worldwide, only with 1994's John's. The most intense system of the season was Cyclone Darian.

In the month of January, Cyclone Cheneso brought flooding and strong winds to Madagascar. In May, Cyclone Fabien formed close to the equator and became the latest intense tropical cyclone in the satellite era, surpassing Cyclone Billy-Lila of 1986 by six days. Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused at least 1,483 deaths and more than $501 million in damage.

Seasonal forecasts

Source/Record Moderate Tropical
Storm
Very/Intense
Tropical Cyclone
Record high: 15 9
Record low: 3 0
Forecast
Center
Systems
Mauritius Meteorological Services 11–9 tropical cyclones
Météo-France 6–10 tropical cyclones
Forecast
Center
Chance of
above average
Météo-France 30% 60% 10%
Source: Seasonal Outlook for Tropical Cyclones.

In October 2022, Météo-France issued its seasonal forecast of cyclone activity for the basin. The MFR predicted a season that was slightly below average to average, citing the effects of a La Niña event. The MFR placed chances of a below-average season at 60%. Average cyclone activity was given a 30% chance, and an above-average level of activity was given a 10% chance. The season in the South-West Indian Ocean was expected to be near- to below-average, with 6–10 systems of moderate tropical storm intensity or higher.

The Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) released their summer 2022–23 outlooks. An average season, with around eleven to nine cyclones forming, was expected. The MMS indicated that the eastern part of the basin would present more favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the first half of summer, and the western part of the basin would become more conducive to storm formation during the second half of summer.

Seasonal summary

Cyclone FreddyCyclone ChenesoTropical cyclone scales#Comparisons across basins
Cyclone Freddy (left) nearing Madagascar and the tropical depression which later developed into Cyclone Enala (right) over the open Indian Ocean on 21 February.

The season began early, with a weak tropical low being produced on 22 September. Improving conditions over the next three days allowed the development of the system, which strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley on 27 September. The system slowly moved westward and weakened into a remnant low on 30 September. Pre-season activity continued, with a disturbance being produced as a result of a westerly wind burst. Another storm formed on 6 October, and was named Balita on 8 October. In November 2022, Tropical Low 02U (reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03) entered the basin and degenerated into a remnant low by the next day. In December, Cyclone Darian (classified as a very intense tropical cyclone) entered the basin, before gradually weakening.

In January 2023, a new disturbance became a tropical depression and was later named Cheneso. The cyclone strengthened to severe tropical storm status before making landfall over Madagascar on 19 January. It re-intensified to Cyclone Cheneso after moving southwestwards as an overland depression status. It was last noted as a subtropical depression on 29 January. In February 2023, Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region moved into this basin, where it was classified as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. Although initially struggling to intensify due to wind shear, it gradually intensified and eventually reached tropical cyclone status, before moving southwestwards and dissipated.

Cyclone Freddy moved the Australian area and reached this region, where MFR immediately classed it as a tropical cyclone status. It subsequently strengthened into a very intense tropical cyclone status. Freddy later intensified into a Category 5 tropical cyclone before making landfall over Madagascar. It weakened as it crossed the Mozambique Channel, but it re-intensified to severe tropical storm status before making landfall in Mozambique, it unexpectedly reappeared in the Mozambique Channel. It was upgraded to tropical cyclone status. It weakened but began to re-strengthen when it approached Mozambique, the storm gradually deteriorated and last noted on 14 March. Another tropical depression formed and strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Enala, which subsequently evolved into a tropical cyclone and last occurred on 28 February. Another period of inactivity then ensued, until a Moderate Tropical Storm 09 formed and dissipated quickly. In May, Fabien formed close to the equator and became an intense tropical cyclone, which was unusually strong this late in the season before encountering increasing wind shear.

The ACE index for the 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season as calculated by Colorado State University was 197.7 units.

Systems

Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration23 September – 28 September
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones

On 22 September, a near-equatorial trough produced a weak tropical low in the Indian Ocean, initially expected by MFR to not form due to upper wind shear. Environmental conditions improved over the next 3 days, and the low organized enough to become the first tropical depression of the season by 26 September. Early the next day, the JTWC subsequently designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 02S, citing a scatterometer pass indicating tropical storm-force winds in its western and eastern semicircles. The MFR also upgraded the system into a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) named it Ashley. The system then reached peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph), before succumbing to strong northeasterly shear and significant dry air intrusions late on the same day, prompting the JTWC to issue their final advisory on Ashley. The MFR terminated advisories by 06:00 UTC on 28 September as Ashley weakened into a remnant low, but continued to track the storm until it was last noted on 30 September as a dissipating low.

Moderate Tropical Storm Balita

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration3 October – 9 October
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
996 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones

On 2 October, the MFR began to monitor a disturbance associated with the convergence of the westerly wind burst. However, convective activity was located in the low-level convergences. Later the next day, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection. Satellite images indicated that the low-level cloud lines wrapping into the low-level center. Early on 5 October, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system. The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 03S at 03:00 UTC on 6 October. By 06:00 UTC, the MFR upgraded it to a tropical depression. An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its southern quadrant. Despite moderate northeasterly wind shear, convection increased around the system.

The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 8 October with the name Balita from the MMS. Microwave imagery revealed that Balita had improved its convective structure. At 06:00 UTC on 9 October, Balita's structure became elongated and asymmetrical, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression. Later that same day, the MFR ceased advisories, and the JTWC followed suit. The remnants fully dissipated on 13 October.

Tropical Depression 03

Tropical depression (MFR)
 
Duration5 November (Entered basin) – 6 November
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1008 hPa (mbar)

On 5 November, Tropical Low 02U that was being monitored by the MFR crossed into the South-West Indian Ocean basin from the Australian region. At the time, there was no more convection associated, only a low-level vortex. Thunderstorm activity has resumed in the southern part of the system in the last few hours. Upon entering the basin, the JTWC ceased advisories by 09:00 UTC that day. The MFR's reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03. Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for tropical cyclogenesis, with low vertical wind shear and moderate equatorial outflow. At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the MFR's issued their last warning as the system degenerated into a remnant low.

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Darian

Very intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration21 December (Entered basin) – 30 December
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (10-min);
920 hPa (mbar)

On 21 December, Severe Tropical Cyclone Darian moved into the basin from the Australian region, and was immediately classified as a very intense tropical cyclone by MFR. Darian exhibited a highly symmetrical cloud structure around a well-defined eye. Shortly afterward, Darian's cloud pattern deteriorated and its eye started to become less defined, causing the cyclone to weaken to an intense tropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC. Darian weakened to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone the next day, as the convective cloud tops had warmed slightly. Darian's then weakened due to strong wind shear, and was downgraded into a tropical cyclone. With a well-defined eye and impressive appearance on satellite imagery, Darian re-intensified, reaching 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) around 06:00 UTC on 23 December. The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye surrounded by cold cloud tops. Around the same time, the JTWC's also assessed Darian as having 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), making the storm a Category 4-equivalent cyclone again on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). Darian became quasi-stationary due to the presence of two main flows. The cyclone's eye can be seen from satellite imagery, and its cloud tops warmed to −99 to −108 °F (−73 to −78 °C). Steady weakening occurred thereafter as it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle.

Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) surrounded eye around deep convection as a result, the cyclone weakened to Category 2-equivalent cyclone. Further weakening occurred as the MFR assessed that Darian's winds bottomed out at 155 km/h (100 mph). At 03:00 UTC on 26 December, the JTWC reported that Darian had re-strengthened to 205 km/h (125 mph) with a warm 14 °F (−10 °C), a wide eye 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi), and was surrounded by cold, −98 to −116 °F (−72 to −82 °C) cloud tops. Using the Dvorak technique, MFR estimated winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). Due to moderate east-northeasterly vertical wind shear, Darian fell to 155 km/h (100 mph) winds, according to MFR. Just six hours later, the eye feature persisted, consisting of a warm area within the cooling eyewall. At 15:00 UTC on 27 December, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone. Satellite imagery showed that the cloud pattern began to rapidly deteriorate, and MFR followed suit and declared it a severe tropical storm. The JTWC also reported that Darian's weakened into a tropical storm. By 00:00 UTC on 29 December, Darian weakened into a moderate tropical storm, after the convection diminished around the center. MFR issued its last advisory on the storm on 30 December as it transitioned into a post-tropical depression. The JTWC also discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 31 December.

Tropical Cyclone Cheneso

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration16 January – 29 January
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
965 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Cheneso

Cheneso formed on 16 January to the south of Diego Garcia. The system meandered southwestward, becoming a tropical disturbance on 18 January. By late the next day, the system had intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Cheneso, and the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 08S. Satellite imagery showed that a central dense overcast (CDO) was obscuring the low-level circulation center (LLCC), and Cheneso intensified further into a severe tropical storm. The cyclone moved ashore in northern Madagascar on 17 January and quickly weakened as it crossed the country. It emerged into the Mozambique Channel as a weak tropical disturbance. Cheneso again reached open waters, and briefly re-intensified into a tropical cyclone. By 06:00 UTC on 29 January, Cheneso structure became poorly organized, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression. The JTWC discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 30 January.

Authorities issued an alert of heavy rain in the country, posing an imminent risk of flooding and landslides. The National Bureau of Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) reported 90,870 affected people, and 34,100 were displaced. Overall, the cyclone was responsible for 33 deaths and 20 others missing. Damage from the storm is estimated to exceed $20 million.

Tropical Cyclone Dingani

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration9 February (Entered basin) – 15 February
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
971 hPa (mbar)

On 9 February, Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region entered the basin and was designated as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. By 03:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA, after noting persistent deep convection within its southern quadrant. Later that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 13S. The storm had a broad and fully exposed LCC, but was struggling due to northeasterly vertical windshear. By 00:00 UTC on 11 February, as convection maintained near the center, the MFR upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. Later the next day, Dingani had rapidly consolidated as it formed a 20 km (12 mi) diameter eye, including a significant improved convective structure; the JTWC's assessed the storm to have strengthened into 140 km/h (85 mph) of winds. Dingani continued to intensify and soon became a tropical cyclone. Twelve hours later, the cyclone maintained a well defined-eye. However, shear began impacting the storm, causing the eye to disappear. By 00:00 UTC on 14 February, Dingani weakened back into a severe tropical storm. The JTWC also reported that Dingani's weakened into a tropical storm. Later the next day, Dingani later transitioned into a post-tropical depression. The system was poorly organized, with a high wind shear environment, and the JTWC issued a final warning on the system on 16 February.

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy

Very intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration14 February (Entered basin) – 14 March
Peak intensity230 km/h (145 mph) (10-min);
927 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Freddy See also: Meteorological history of Cyclone Freddy and Humanitarian response to Cyclone Freddy

On 14 February, Severe Tropical Cyclone Freddy moved into the basin from the Australian region. On 15 February, the system reached Category 5-equivalent intensity, with 1-minute sustained winds of 270 km/h (165 mph). On 19 February, the MFR upgraded Freddy to a very intense tropical cyclone estimated a minimum barometric pressure of 931 hPa (27.49 inHg) and 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph). However, the MFR later revised these figures, concluding a peak wind speed of 230 km/h (145 mph), and minimum central pressure of 927 hPa (27.37 inHg). Freddy's eye pattern quickly deteriorated as the cloud tops warmed on 20 February, while it was traversing north of the Mascarene Islands. The cyclone developed a pinhole eye while approaching Madagascar as a compact tropical cyclone. Freddy made landfall as a strong Category 2-equivalent intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) near Mananjary, Madagascar on 21 February. It then rapidly weakened upon encountering the mountainous terrain of the island nation and was downgraded to overland depression status. Freddy emerged over the Mozambique Channel on 23 February.

The cyclone moved westward and quickly intensified into a severe tropical storm around 12:00 UTC that day, with convection wrapping around its center. Around 12:00 UTC on 24 February, the storm made landfall in Mozambique south of Vilankulos, with winds about 85 km/h (50 mph), just below severe tropical storm strength. Freddy rapidly weakened as it moved westward and further inland, eventually downgrading to an overland depression around 18:00 UTC that day, before its remnant low continued into Zimbabwe late on 26 February, where it persisted for a couple of days. Freddy entered the channel early on 1 March and continued to intensify, reaching tropical cyclone status as it accelerated eastward towards the coast of Madagascar on 5 March, but then weakened to just below minimal tropical storm strength due to increased wind shear and dry air intrusion. Freddy rapidly intensified once more and made its final landfall near Quelimane, Mozambique, with the JTWC estimated winds of about 175 km/h (110 mph) on 11 March; however, the storm's circulation dissipated shortly thereafter, marking the end of Freddy's time as a tropical cyclone on 14 March. Freddy was the longest-lasting tropical cyclone and the second-farthest traveling tropical cyclone globally in recorded history. Overall, the cyclone killed at least 1,434 people—making it the third deadliest tropical cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere—and inflicted $1.53 billion in damage.

Tropical Cyclone Enala

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration19 February – 28 February
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On 18 February, the MFR began monitoring a clockwise circulation located in the far northeastern corner of the basin, west-northwest of the Cocos Islands. On the following day, it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather by the MFR. Convection had accelerated and was near to the circulation's center. During 22 February, the system began to show signs of organization, and the system gained sufficient organization, noted by curved cloud bands, to be classified as a tropical depression. Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system. By 09:00 UTC that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 14S. The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm with the name Enala from the MMS. Enala's cloud pattern slightly changed in the southwestern semicircle of the system. Enala strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on 23 February.

MFR also upgraded the system into a severe tropical storm. The cyclone began to show an eye that was visible on satellite imagery. Enala intensified into tropical cyclone at 00:00 UTC on 24 February. Enala significantly weakened due to strong northwesterly wind shear, prompting the MFR to downgrade the system back to 110 km/h (70 mph). Later that next day, the JTWC also reported that Enala had weakened into a tropical storm. Returning to vertical wind shear with winds of 20–25 km/h (12–16 mph), Enala was downgraded to moderate tropical storm status by the MFR. During 28 February, while continuing to weaken, both the MFR and JTWC ceased issuing advisories due to it initiating subtropical transition.

Moderate Tropical Storm 09

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
 
Duration25 March – 28 March
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
997 hPa (mbar)

On 21 March, a weak low-pressure developed over the central Indian Ocean, MFR initially estimated a "very low" chance of a tropical cyclone. During 25 March, organization ensued with deep convection wrapping into its near center in the western and southern quadrants. The system began moving southwards, and on the next day it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather. After meandering for several days, the system began to take a more southerly track, and at 06:00 UTC on 27 March, it was upgraded to a tropical depression. Convective activity associated with the system eventually became limited and the system degenerated into a remnant low by 06:00 UTC on 28 March. During post-storm analysis from the MFR, the system was upgraded into a moderate tropical storm on 26 March, although it remained unnamed.

Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration12 May – 25 May
Peak intensity175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min);
958 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones, Lu Peng Yuan Yu sinking, and List of tropical cyclones near the Equator

The active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) led to the MFR forecasting that a cyclonic circulation would form in the Indonesian region to the east of its area of responsibility (AoR). This also aided the development of Cyclone Mocha north of the equator. Long-range ensemble forecast guidance from the Global Forecast System (GFS) and the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) suggested the possibility of a storm forming. A low-pressure developed within the western part, extending across the equator on 8 May. The system began to organize with deep convection obscuring its LLCC. During 13 May, the system had consolidated into a tropical disturbance. Later the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system. Later the next day, cloud pattern continued to improve with its CDO, and the system organized into a tropical depression. The depression strengthened and became a Moderate Tropical Storm, assigning the name Fabien. The JTWC subsequently classified it as Tropical Cyclone 19S. Operationally, the MFR estimated winds of 75 km/h (45 mph), but reevaluation of ASCAT, the MFR revised the estimated to 95 km/h (60 mph), causing the system to become a severe tropical storm. The storm had an intense band of intense deep convection wrapping over the LLCC, and as a result, Fabien strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone.

Fabien began showing an eye structure seen in microwave imaging, with Fabien later becoming a tropical cyclone. With a solid eyewall of deep convection surrounding an eye, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 2-equivalent cyclone at 15:00 UTC on 15 May, estimating that the storm possessed 1-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph). Fabien organized into a very symmetric cyclone with an eye about 13 km (8.1 mi) eye in diameter. As a result, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone. The MFR later upgraded Fabien into an intense tropical cyclone, becoming the latest cyclone of that intensity in the satellite era, surpassing Cyclone Billy-Lila of 1986 by six days. Moderate wind shear started to affect the west and southwest parts of Fabien, and its eyewall began to erode. Fabien weakened to tropical cyclone strength by 06:00 UTC on 17 May. Convection increased again, and after the storm acquired a warm core, MFR reported that Fabien's winds weakened to 110 km/h (70 mph). Fabien steadily weakened as it began to advect dry air into its circulation, deteriorating into a moderate tropical storm. The MFR and JTWC determined Fabien degenerated into a remnant low, and the last advisory was issued on 21 May. Around 19:00 UTC on 15 May, a Chinese fishing boat, the Lu Pen Yuan Yu, capsized as 7 m (23 ft) waves battered the vessel. At the time of the sinking, 39 people were on the boat: 17 Chinese nationals, 17 Indonesian nationals, and 5 Filipino nationals. So far, 16 dead bodies have been recovered.

Storm names

Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center on Réunion island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm if it intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 55°E and 90°E. If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 30°E and 55°E then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Meteo Madagascar) in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2025–26 season, while the unused names will remain on the list. New names this season are: Ashley, Balita, Cheneso, Dingani, Enala, Fabien, Gezani, Horacio, Indusa and Juluka. They replaced Ambali, Belna, Calvinia, Diane, Esami, Francisco, Gabekile, Herold, Irondro and Jeruto during the 2019–20 season. The name Enala was misspelled by Météo-France (MFR).

  • Ashley
  • Balita
  • Cheneso
  • Dingani
  • Enala
  • Fabien
  • Gezani (unused)
  • Horacio (unused)
  • Indusa (unused)
  • Juluka (unused)
  • Kundai (unused)
  • Lisebo (unused)
  • Michel (unused)
  • Nousra (unused)
  • Olivier (unused)
  • Pokera (unused)
  • Quincy (unused)
  • Rebaone (unused)
  • Salama (unused)
  • Tristan (unused)
  • Ursula (unused)
  • Violet (unused)
  • Wilson (unused)
  • Xila (unused)
  • Yekela (unused)
  • Zaina (unused)

If a tropical cyclone enters the South-West Indian basin from the Australian region basin (west of 90°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). The following storms were named in this manner.

After the season, the six names used were automatically retired and replaced with Awo, Blossom, Chenge, Dudzai, Ewetse, and Fytia, respectively for the 2025–26 season. As a result of the major loss of life and damage in Malawi and surrounding countries, the name Freddy was removed from the rotating lists of Australian region cyclone names and will never be used to name a storm in that basin again. A replacement name is yet to be announced.

Season effects

This table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2022–2023 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Information on their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, primarily comes from RSMC La Réunion. Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2022 or 2023 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ashley 23 – 28 September Moderate tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None None None
Balita 3 – 9 October Moderate tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None None None
03 5 – 6 November Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) None None None
Darian 21 – 30 December Very intense tropical cyclone 220 km/h (140 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) None None None
Cheneso 16 – 29 January Tropical cyclone 140 km/h (85 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Madagascar $20 million 33
Dingani 9 – 15 February Tropical cyclone 140 km/h (85 mph) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) None None None
Freddy 14 February – 14 March Very intense tropical cyclone 230 km/h (145 mph) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) Mascarene Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi $1.53 billion 1,434
Enala 19 – 28 February Tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None None None
09 25 – 28 March Moderate tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) None None None
Fabien 12 – 25 May Intense tropical cyclone 175 km/h (110 mph) 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) Diego Garcia None 16
Season aggregates
10 systems 23 September 2022 – 25 May 2023 230 km/h (145 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) $1.55 billion >1,483

See also

References

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External links

Tropical cyclones of the 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
MTSAshley MTSBalita TD03 VITCDarian TCCheneso TCDingani VITCFreddy (history) TCEnala MTS09 ITCFabien
2020–2029 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
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