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{{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1399–1402)}} {{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1399–1402)}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Jianwen
|c=建文
|p=Jiànwén
|w=Chien-wen
|l="establishing civility"
}}


'''Jianwen''' (6 February 1399 – 29 July 1402) was the ] of the ], the second emperor of the ] of China. It was used for a total of four years. The ] did not recognise the Jianwen era name after the success of the ] and changed "Jianwen 4" ("the fourth year of the Jianwen era") to "Hongwu 35" ("the thirty-fifth year of the Hongwu era").<ref name="明史卷5">{{cite wikisource|title=成祖|last=張廷玉|wslink=zh:明史/卷5}}「〔建文四年〕己巳，王謁孝陵。群臣備法駕，奉寶璽，迎呼萬歲。王升輦，詣奉天殿即皇帝位。……秋七月壬午朔，大祀天地於南郊，奉太祖配。詔：『今年以洪武三十五年為紀，明年為永樂元年。……』」</ref> The ] issued an edict in 1595 (Wanli 23) to restore the Jianwen era name.<ref>《明史》卷20。</ref> '''Jianwen''' ({{zh|c=建文|p=Jiànwén|w=Chien-wen|l=establishing civility}}; 6 February 1399 – 29 July 1402) was the ] (''nianhao'') of the ], the second emperor of the ], lasting for four years. The ] did not recognize the Jianwen era name after the success of the ] and changed Jianwen 4 to Hongwu 35.<ref name="明史卷5">{{cite wikisource|title=Chengzu|last=]|wslink=zh:明史/卷5}}{{zhi|t=〔建文四年〕己巳，王謁孝陵。群臣備法駕，奉寶璽，迎呼萬歲。王升輦，詣奉天殿即皇帝位。……秋七月壬午朔，大祀天地於南郊，奉太祖配。詔：『今年以洪武三十五年為紀，明年為永樂元年。……』}}</ref> In 1595 (Wanli 23), the ] issued an edict to restore the Jianwen era name.<ref>''History of Ming'', Volume 20</ref>


It is worth noting that the Yongle Emperor never announced the abolition of the Jianwen era name. Some scholars believe that the abolition of the era name was not Yongle's original intention but only the actions of his subordinates. Some people also believe that the Yongle Emperor recklessly tampered with the history of the Jianwen era by re-editing "Taizu Shilu" (太祖實錄) and "Fengtian Jingnan Ji" (奉天靖難記), which is actually equivalent to abolishing the Jianwen era name, but he is unwilling to personally implement it publicly and bear historical responsibility.<ref>{{cite journal|title=建文朝年号革除考述|journal=北方论丛|date=2006|author=潘忠泉,李怡|volume=|issue=3|pages=82-85}}</ref> The Yongle Emperor never announced the abolition of the Jianwen era name. Some scholars believe that the abolition of the era name was not Yongle's intention but rather the actions of his subordinates. Some people also believe that the Yongle Emperor deliberately distorted the history of the Jianwen era by heavily revising the ''Taizu Shilu'' ({{zhi|t=太祖實錄}}) and compiling the ''Fengtian Jingnan Ji'' ({{zhi|t=奉天靖難記}}), which is equivalent to abolishing the Jianwen era name, but he was unwilling to personally implement it publicly and bear the historical responsibility.<ref>{{cite journal|title=建文朝年号革除考述|journal=北方论丛|date=2006|author=潘忠泉,李怡|volume=|issue=3|pages=82–85}}</ref>


==Comparison table== ==Comparison table==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!]!!]!!Year!!1st month!!2nd month!!3rd month!!4th month!!5th month!!6th month!!7th month!!8th month!!9th month!!10th month!!11th month!!12th month!!Leap month
|- |-
!Jianwen!!1!!2!!3!!4
|1399||Jǐmǎo<br>己卯||Jianwen 1 (建文元年)||Rénshēn (Long)<br>壬申(大)<br>6 February||Rényín (Long)<br>壬寅(大)<br>8 March||Rénshēn (Short)<br>壬申(小)<br>7 April||Xīnchǒu (Long)<br>辛丑(大)<br>6 May||Xīnwèi (Short)<br>辛未(小)<br>5 June||Gēngzǐ (Short)<br>庚子(小)<br>4 July||Jǐsì (Short)<br>己巳(小)<br>2 August||Wùxū (Long)<br>戊戌(大)<br>31 August|| Wùchén (Short)<br>戊辰(小)<br>30 September||Dīngyǒu (Long)<br>丁酉(大)<br>29 October||Dīngmǎo (Long)<br>丁卯(大)<br>28 November||Dīngyǒu (Short)<br>丁酉(小)<br>28 December||—
|- |-
|]
|1400||Gēngchén<br>庚辰||Jianwen 2 (建文二年)||Bǐngyín (Long)<br>丙寅(大)<br>26 January||Bǐngshēn (Long)<br>丙申(大)<br>25 February||Bǐngyín (Long)<br>丙寅(大)<br>26 March||Bǐngshēn (Short)<br>丙申(小)<br>25 April||Yǐchǒu (Short)<br>乙丑(小)<br>24 May||Jiǎwǔ (Long)<br>甲午(大)<br>22 June||Jiǎzǐ (Short)<br>甲子(小)<br>22 July||Guǐsì (Short)<br>癸巳(小)<br>20 August||Rénxū (Long)<br>壬戌(大)<br>18 September||Rénchén (Short)<br>壬辰(小)<br>18 October||Xīnyǒu (Long)<br>辛酉(大)<br>16 November||Xīnmǎo (Long)<br>辛卯(大)<br>16 December||—
|1399||1400||1401||1402
|- |-
|]
|1401||Xīnsì<br>辛巳||Jianwen 3 (建文三年)||Xīnyǒu (Short)<br>辛酉(小)<br>15 January||Gēngyín (Long)<br>庚寅(大)<br>13 February||Gēngshēn (Short)<br>庚申(小)<br>15 March||Jǐwèi (Long)<br>己未(大)<br>13 May||Jǐchǒu (Short)<br>己丑(小)<br>12 June||Wùwǔ (Long)<br>戊午(大)<br>11 July||Wùzǐ (Short)<br>戊子(小)<br>10 August||Dīngsì (Long)<br>丁巳(大)<br>8 September||Dīnghài (Short)<br>丁亥(小)<br>8 October||Bǐngchén (Short)<br>丙辰(小)<br>6 November||Yǐyǒu (Long)<br>乙酉(大)<br>5 December||Yǐmǎo (Short)<br>乙卯(小)<br>4 January 1402||(3rd)<br>Gēngyín (Short)<br>庚寅(小)<br>14 April
|Jǐmǎo ({{zhi|c=己卯}})||Gēngchén ({{zhi|c=庚辰}})||Xīnsì ({{zhi|c=辛巳}})||Rénwǔ ({{zhi|c=壬午}})
|-
|1402||Rénwǔ<br>壬午||Jianwen 4 (建文四年)||Jiǎshēn (Long)<br>甲申(大)<br>2 February||Jiǎyín (Long)<br>甲寅(大)<br>4 March||Jiǎshēn (Short)<br>甲申(小)<br>3 April||Guǐchǒu (Long)<br>癸丑(大)<br>2 May||Guǐwèi (Long)<br>癸未(大)<br>1 June||Guǐchǒu (Short)<br>癸丑(小)<br>1 July||—||—||—||—||—||—||—
|} |}


==Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period==
==Other eras contemporaneous with Jianwen==
* Vietnam * Vietnam
** ''Kiến Tân'' (建新, 1398–1400): ] — era name of ] ** ''Kiến Tân'' ({{zhi|c=建新}}, 1398–1400): ]—era name of ]
** ''Thánh Nguyên'' (聖元, 1400): ] — era name of ] ** ''Thánh Nguyên'' ({{zhi|t=聖元}}, 1400): ]—era name of ]
** ''Thiệu Thành'' (紹成, 1401–1403): Hồ dynasty — era name of ] ** ''Thiệu Thành'' ({{zhi|t=紹成}}, 1401–1403): Hồ dynasty—era name of ]
* Japan * Japan
** '']'' (応永, 1394–1428): ] — era name of ] and ] ** '']'' ({{nihongo2|応永}}, 1394–1428): ]—era name of ] and ]


==See also== ==See also==
Line 38: Line 30:


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|30em}}
⚫ *{{Cite book|author=李崇智|title=中國歷代年號考|format=|url=|date=2004|publisher=中華書局|location=北京|id=ISBN 7101025129}}
⚫ *{{Cite book|author=鄧洪波|title=東亞歷史年表|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=2005|publisher=國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃|location=臺北|id=ISBN 9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}


==Bibliography==
{{S-start}}
⚫ * {{cite book|first=Chongzhi|last=Li|title=中國歷代年號考|trans-title=Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao|language=Chinese|date=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co.|location=Beijing|isbn=7101025129}}
{{s-bef| before = ] {{nobold|(洪武)}} }}
⚫ * {{cite book|first=Hongbo|last=Deng|title=東亞歷史年表|trans-title=Chronology of East Asian History|language=Chinese|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=March 2005|access-date=26 November 2021|archive-date=25 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|publisher=National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures|location=Taipei|isbn=9789860005189}}
{{s-ttl| title = Ming dynasty ]<br>Jianwen {{nobold|(建文)}}
| years = 6 February 1399 – 29 July 1402 }}
{{s-aft| after = ] {{nobold|(洪武)}} }}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jianwen}}

]

==Comparison table==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!]!!]!!Year!!1st month!!2nd month!!3rd month!!4th month!!5th month!!6th month!!7th month!!8th month!!9th month!!10th month!!11th month!!12th month!!Leap month
|-
|1399||Jǐmǎo<br>己卯||Jianwen 1 (建文元年)||Rénshēn (Long)<br>壬申(大)<br>6 February||Rényín (Long)<br>壬寅(大)<br>8 March||Rénshēn (Short)<br>壬申(小)<br>7 April||Xīnchǒu (Long)<br>辛丑(大)<br>6 May||Xīnwèi (Short)<br>辛未(小)<br>5 June||Gēngzǐ (Short)<br>庚子(小)<br>4 July||Jǐsì (Short)<br>己巳(小)<br>2 August||Wùxū (Long)<br>戊戌(大)<br>31 August|| Wùchén (Short)<br>戊辰(小)<br>30 September||Dīngyǒu (Long)<br>丁酉(大)<br>29 October||Dīngmǎo (Long)<br>丁卯(大)<br>28 November||Dīngyǒu (Short)<br>丁酉(小)<br>28 December||—
|-
|1400||Gēngchén<br>庚辰||Jianwen 2 (建文二年)||Bǐngyín (Long)<br>丙寅(大)<br>26 January||Bǐngshēn (Long)<br>丙申(大)<br>25 February||Bǐngyín (Long)<br>丙寅(大)<br>26 March||Bǐngshēn (Short)<br>丙申(小)<br>25 April||Yǐchǒu (Short)<br>乙丑(小)<br>24 May||Jiǎwǔ (Long)<br>甲午(大)<br>22 June||Jiǎzǐ (Short)<br>甲子(小)<br>22 July||Guǐsì (Short)<br>癸巳(小)<br>20 August||Rénxū (Long)<br>壬戌(大)<br>18 September||Rénchén (Short)<br>壬辰(小)<br>18 October||Xīnyǒu (Long)<br>辛酉(大)<br>16 November||Xīnmǎo (Long)<br>辛卯(大)<br>16 December||—
|-
|1401||Xīnsì<br>辛巳||Jianwen 3 (建文三年)||Xīnyǒu (Short)<br>辛酉(小)<br>15 January||Gēngyín (Long)<br>庚寅(大)<br>13 February||Gēngshēn (Short)<br>庚申(小)<br>15 March||Jǐwèi (Long)<br>己未(大)<br>13 May||Jǐchǒu (Short)<br>己丑(小)<br>12 June||Wùwǔ (Long)<br>戊午(大)<br>11 July||Wùzǐ (Short)<br>戊子(小)<br>10 August||Dīngsì (Long)<br>丁巳(大)<br>8 September||Dīnghài (Short)<br>丁亥(小)<br>8 October||Bǐngchén (Short)<br>丙辰(小)<br>6 November||Yǐyǒu (Long)<br>乙酉(大)<br>5 December||Yǐmǎo (Short)<br>乙卯(小)<br>4 January 1402||(3rd)<br>Gēngyín (Short)<br>庚寅(小)<br>14 April
|-
|1402||Rénwǔ<br>壬午||Jianwen 4 (建文四年)||Jiǎshēn (Long)<br>甲申(大)<br>2 February||Jiǎyín (Long)<br>甲寅(大)<br>4 March||Jiǎshēn (Short)<br>甲申(小)<br>3 April||Guǐchǒu (Long)<br>癸丑(大)<br>2 May||Guǐwèi (Long)<br>癸未(大)<br>1 June||Guǐchǒu (Short)<br>癸丑(小)<br>1 July||—||—||—||—||—||—||—
|}

==Other eras contemporaneous with Jianwen==
* Vietnam
** ''Kiến Tân'' (建新, 1398–1400): ] — era name of ]
** ''Thánh Nguyên'' (聖元, 1400): ] — era name of ]
** ''Thiệu Thành'' (紹成, 1401–1403): Hồ dynasty — era name of ]
* Japan
** '']'' (応永, 1394–1428): ] — era name of ] and ]

==See also==
* ]
* ]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Cite book|author=李崇智|title=中國歷代年號考|format=|url=|date=2004|publisher=中華書局|location=北京|id=ISBN 7101025129}}
*{{Cite book|author=鄧洪波|title=東亞歷史年表|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=2005|publisher=國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃|location=臺北|id=ISBN 9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}


{{S-start}} {{S-start}}
{{s-bef| before = ] {{nobold|(洪武)}} }} {{s-bef| before = ] }}
{{s-ttl| title = Ming dynasty ]<br>Jianwen {{nobold|(建文)}} {{s-ttl| title = ] ]
| years = 6 February 1399 – 29 July 1402 }} | years = 1399–1402 }}
{{s-aft| after = ] {{nobold|(洪武)}} }} {{s-aft| after = ] }}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jianwen}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jianwen}}


] ]
]

Latest revision as of 07:30, 29 November 2024

Ming dynasty era name (1399–1402)

Jianwen (Chinese: 建文; pinyin: Jiànwén; Wade–Giles: Chien-wen; lit. 'establishing civility'; 6 February 1399 – 29 July 1402) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jianwen Emperor, the second emperor of the Ming dynasty, lasting for four years. The Yongle Emperor did not recognize the Jianwen era name after the success of the Jingnan campaign and changed Jianwen 4 to Hongwu 35. In 1595 (Wanli 23), the Wanli Emperor issued an edict to restore the Jianwen era name.

The Yongle Emperor never announced the abolition of the Jianwen era name. Some scholars believe that the abolition of the era name was not Yongle's intention but rather the actions of his subordinates. Some people also believe that the Yongle Emperor deliberately distorted the history of the Jianwen era by heavily revising the Taizu Shilu (太祖實錄) and compiling the Fengtian Jingnan Ji (奉天靖難記), which is equivalent to abolishing the Jianwen era name, but he was unwilling to personally implement it publicly and bear the historical responsibility.

Comparison table

Jianwen 1 2 3 4
AD 1399 1400 1401 1402
Sexagenary cycle Jǐmǎo (己卯) Gēngchén (庚辰) Xīnsì (辛巳) Rénwǔ (壬午)

Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period

See also

References

  1. Zhang Tingyu. Chengzu  – via Wikisource.〔建文四年〕己巳，王謁孝陵。群臣備法駕，奉寶璽，迎呼萬歲。王升輦，詣奉天殿即皇帝位。……秋七月壬午朔，大祀天地於南郊，奉太祖配。詔：『今年以洪武三十五年為紀，明年為永樂元年。……』
  2. History of Ming, Volume 20
  3. 潘忠泉,李怡 (2006). "建文朝年号革除考述". 北方论丛 (3): 82–85.

Bibliography

  • Li, Chongzhi (December 2004). 中國歷代年號考 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. ISBN 7101025129.
  • Deng, Hongbo (March 2005). 東亞歷史年表 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures. ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
Preceded byHongwu Ming dynasty era name
1399–1402 		Succeeded byHongwu
Categories: