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9×19mm Parabellum
Left to right; 9×19mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, 10mm Auto, .45 ACP
Type	Pistol
Place of origin	German Empire
Service history
Used by	Most military and civilian agencies around the world
Wars	World War I – present
Production history
Designer	Georg Luger
Designed	1901
Produced	1902–present
Variants	9×19mm Parabellum +P
Specifications
Parent case	7.65×21mm Parabellum
Case type	Rimless, tapered
Bullet diameter	9.01 mm (0.355 in)
Land diameter	8.82 mm (0.347 in)
Neck diameter	9.65 mm (0.380 in)
Base diameter	9.93 mm (0.391 in)
Rim diameter	9.96 mm (0.392 in)
Rim thickness	1.27 mm (0.050 in)
Case length	19.15 mm (0.754 in)
Overall length	29.69 mm (1.169 in)
Case capacity	0.862 cm (13.30 gr H2O)
Rifling twist	250 mm (1-9.84in)
Primer type	Berdan or boxer small pistol
Maximum pressure (CIP)	235.00 MPa (34,084 psi)
Maximum pressure (SAAMI)	241.3165 MPa (35,000.00 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 7.45 g (115 gr) Federal FMJ 1,180 ft/s (360 m/s) 355 ft⋅lbf (481 J) 8.04 g (124 gr) Federal FMJ 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s) 364 ft⋅lbf (494 J) 8.04 g (124 gr) Norma ENVY FMJ 1,345 ft/s (410 m/s) 498 ft⋅lbf (675 J) 7.45 g (115 gr) Underwood JHP +P+ 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) 501 ft⋅lbf (679 J) 3.9 g (60 gr) RBCD TFSP 2,010 ft/s (610 m/s) 538 ft⋅lbf (729 J)
Test barrel length: 118 mm (4.65 in) Source(s): Sellier & Bellot, CIP, Norma Ammunition, Underwood Ammunition, RBCD Performance Plus Ammunition

The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm " and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.

Origins

The cartridge was developed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901. The cartridge was derived from an earlier round designed by Luger (7.65×21mm Parabellum), which itself was derived from a cartridge used in the Borchardt C-93 pistol (7.65×25mm Borchardt). Shortening the length of the cartridge case used in the Borchardt pistol allowed Luger to improve the design of the toggle lock and to incorporate a smaller, angled grip.

Luger's work on the Borchardt design evolved into the Luger pistol, which was first patented in 1898 and chambered in 7.65×21mm Parabellum. Demand from Germany for a larger caliber in their military sidearm led Luger to develop the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge for the eventual P08 pistol. This was achieved by removing the bottleneck shape of the 7.65×21mm Parabellum case, resulting in a tapered rimless cartridge encasing a bullet that was 9 millimeters in diameter.

In 1902, Luger presented the new round to the British Small Arms Committee, as well as three prototype versions to the US Army for testing at the Springfield Arsenal in mid-1903. The Imperial German Navy adopted the cartridge in 1904, and in 1908, the German Army adopted it as well.

To conserve lead during World War II in Germany, the lead core was replaced by an iron core encased with lead. This bullet, identified by a black bullet jacket, was designated as the 08 mE (mit Eisenkern—'with an iron core'). By 1944, the black jacket of the 08 mE bullet was dropped, and these bullets were produced with normal copper-colored jackets. Another wartime variation was designated the 08 sE bullet and can be identified by its dark gray jacket and was created by compressing iron powder at high temperature into a solid material (Sintereisen—'sintered iron').

The name "Parabellum" is derived from the Latin motto of Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken (DWM), Si vis pacem, para bellum ('If you want peace, prepare for war').

Popularity

After the end of World War I, the popularity of the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge increased with the vast number of semi-automatic pistols and submachine guns being adopted by many militaries and law enforcement agencies around the world.

From the 1980s to the 1990s, a sharp increase in popularity occurred with semi-automatic pistols in the United States by both law enforcement and military personnel, a trend foreshadowed by the adoption of the Smith & Wesson Model 39 by the Illinois State Police in 1968. In addition, the Beretta M9 (a military version of the Beretta Model 92) was adopted by the US Army in 1985. Previously, most American police departments issued .38 Special and .357 Magnum caliber revolvers with a five- or six-round capacity. The .38 Special was preferred to other weapons, such as variants of the M1911, because it offered low recoil, was small and light enough to accommodate different shooters, and was inexpensive. The 9×19mm cartridge is ballistically superior to the .38 Special revolver cartridge, is shorter overall, and being an autoloader cartridge, it is stored in flat magazines, as opposed to cylindrical speedloaders. This, coupled with the advent of the so-called "wonder nines", led to many US police departments exchanging their revolvers for some form of 9mm semiautomatic pistols by the late twentieth century. The 9×19mm Parabellum has become the most common caliber used by US law enforcement agencies, primarily due to the availability of controllable compact pistols with large magazine capacities that use the cartridge.

In 2013, a chart of popular calibers that was released by the website Luckygunner.com showed 9×19mm Parabellum as having 21.4% of the entire cartridge market, followed by the .223 Remington at 10.2% (with 5.56 mm included this is 15.7%). The next most popular caliber was .45 ACP.

Cartridge dimensions

The 9×19mm Parabellum has 0.86 ml (13.3 grains H₂O) of cartridge case capacity.

The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 250 mm (1 in 9.84 in), six grooves, ø lands = 8.82 mm, ø grooves = 9.02 mm, land width = 2.49 mm and the primer type is small pistol.

According to CIP rulings, the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge case can handle up to 235.00 MPa (34,084 psi) P_max piezo pressure. In CIP-regulated countries, every pistol cartridge combination has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that 9×19mm Parabellum chambered arms in CIP-regulated countries are currently (2014) proof tested at 305.50 MPa (44,309 psi) PE piezo pressure.

The SAAMI pressure limit for the 9×19mm Parabellum is set at 241.32 MPa (35,001 psi) piezo pressure.

Performance

The round was originally designed to be lethal to 50 metres (160 ft), but is still lethal at longer ranges. The 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge combines a flat trajectory with moderate recoil. According to the 1986 book Handloading, "the modern science of wound ballistics has established beyond reasonable doubt that the 9 mm cartridge is highly effective."

In 2014, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a report detailing the potential combat effectiveness of the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge when compared to other calibers such as the .40 S&W and the .45 ACP cartridges that were specifically developed for use by the FBI. The report indicated that the new powders and more advanced bullet designs used in current 9×19mm Parabellum defensive loads allowed for the caliber to deliver adequate performance compared to other calibers, like the .40 S&W and .45 ACP. In addition to this, the lower recoil, less wear, cheaper ammunition, and higher capacity were all reasons that the report cited for the recent surge in orders of the ammunition from various police agencies. With a wider selection of officers able to shoot handguns chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, many departments chose this caliber to standardize a single firearm and loading, making logistics and supply easier. Due to all these factors, law enforcement orders of 9×19mm Parabellum ammunition from all major ammunition manufacturers have risen significantly.

Improvements and variations

NATO standard

The round is also known as "9mm NATO" because it has become a standard pistol caliber for NATO forces. The cartridge has been manufactured by, or for, more than 70 countries.

9mm NATO can be considered an overpressure variant of 9×19mm Parabellum that is defined by NATO standards. The proof pressure is 3,150 bars (45,700 psi), corresponding to a maximum service pressure of 2,520 bars (36,500 psi) (both using CIP methodology).

While the NATO standards do not specify the type of bullet to be used, Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899 prohibits the use of expanding ammunition in warfare by signatories, so official NATO 9 mm ammunition is FMJ "ball" bullets. Declaration III does not apply in conflicts involving non-signatories to the Hague Convention, including paramilitary and other nongovernmental fighting forces.

In 2021, with the standardization of STANAG-4509, NATO adopted the 5.7×28mm SMG/pistol cartridge for the PDW program. It is in the same power range as 9×19mm Parabellum but has a few additional advantages such as a larger magazine capacity and improved armor penetration.

Swedish m/39

9mm Parabellum entered Swedish service as m/39 with the import of the Kulsprutepistol m/39 from Austria, with a bullet weight of 7.5 grams (116 gr). During the Congo Crisis, the Swedish UN-contingent issued complaints about the performance of the m/39 cartridge (regular 9mm Parabellum) used. This resulted in a commission of the Swedish Army establishing in 1962 that a new round was needed for the Carl Gustav m/45. The resulting m/39B had a tombac-plated steel jacket surrounding the lead core. While the lands of the barrel can cut into the tombac, the steel jacket resists deformation, thus causing the gas pressure to rise higher than the previous soft-jacketed m/39, giving the 7.0 grams (108 gr) bullet a V_o of 420 m/s (1,378 ft/s) and an impact energy of 600 joules. The mantle also acts like a penetrator when striking a target, going through up to 50 layers of kevlar, 7 cm of bricks, or 25 cm of wood, allowing the bullet to defeat body armor up to Type IIIA.

+P variant

Attempts to improve the cartridge's ballistics came in the early 1990s with the widespread availability of high-pressure loadings of the 9mm cartridge. Such overpressure cartridges are labeled "+P" (38,500 psi) or in the case of very high-pressure loadings, "+P+" (42,000 psi). Velocity of these rounds is improved over standard loadings. In addition, improvements in jacketed hollow-point bullet technology have produced bullet designs that are more likely to expand and less likely to fragment than earlier iterations, giving a 9mm bullet better terminal effectiveness.

Russian military overpressure variants

The Russian military has developed specialized 9×19mm cartridges that use relatively light bullets at high muzzle velocities for both pistols and submachine guns to defeat body armor.

Besides enhanced penetration capabilities, these overpressure variants offer a flatter trajectory and lessened recoil. The increase in service pressure causes a rise in bolt thrust, so this overpressure ammunition induces more stress on critical weapon parts during firing. After initial research conducted in the late 1980s under the codename "Grach", the Russian armed forces adopted two specialized 9×19mm variants.

• R₅₀ at 25 m (27 yd) means the closest 50 percent of the shot group will all be within a circle of 25 mm (1.0 in) radius at 25 m (27 yd).

The 7N21 (Cyrillic: 7Н21) 9×19mm overpressure variant features an armor-piercing bullet and generates a peak pressure of 280 MPa (41,000 psi). The 7N21 bullet features a hardened (sub-caliber) steel penetrator core, enclosed by a bimetal jacket. The space between the core and jacket is filled with polyethylene, and the tip of the penetrator is exposed at the front of the bullet to achieve better penetration. The penetration range for body armor is specified at up to 40 m (130 ft). The MP-443 Grach and GSh-18 pistols and PP-19 Vityaz, PP-90M1 and PP-2000 submachine guns were designed for use with this overpressure cartridge. Jane's Infantry Weapons stated in 2003 that the 7N21 cartridge combined the 9×19mm Parabellum dimensions with a 9×21mm Gyurza bullet design and was developed specifically for the penetration of body armor and for the MP-443 Grach pistol, the latest Russian service pistol.

The 7N31 (Cyrillic: 7Н31) / PBP 9×19mm overpressure variant uses the same concept with a similar but lighter bullet that achieves higher muzzle velocity. The penetration of an 8 mm (0.31 in)-thick St3 steel plate is specified at up to 10 m (33 ft). The 7N31 cartridge was developed in the late 1990s for the GSh-18 pistol. The 7N31 was adopted for the PP-90M1 and PP-2000 submachine guns. Its maximum service pressure remains unclear.

The construction of the two rounds allows them to be effective against both unarmored and armored targets. If the bullet strikes an unarmored target, it holds together to produce a wide wound channel. If the bullet strikes an armored target, the sleeve is stripped away, and the core penetrates alone. The disadvantage of the rounds is that high impact velocities are needed to work effectively, so the bullets are relatively light to maximize their muzzle velocity. This means they lose velocity relatively quickly, limiting their effective range.

The 7N30 (Cyrillic: 7Н30) or RG057 consists of hardened steel core tension-fitted into a metal sheath.

The 7N35 (Cyrillic: 7Н35) consists of lead core in a metal sheath. It was never accepted into service.

Other variants

9mm Parabellum ammunition is offered in a wide array of types and variations, designed to meet the specific needs and preferences of its users. This diversity in 9mm ammunition encompasses multiple standard categories, such as full metal jacket (FMJ), jacketed and unjacketed hollow point (JHP), frangible ammunition, soft point, tracer and other specialized variants tailored for competitive shooting or law enforcement applications. VBR-B produces specialized bullets for this cartridge, a two-part controlled fragmenting projectile and an armor-piercing bullet that features a brass sabot and a hardened steel penetrator. These are designed to increase the content of the permanent wound cavity and double the chance of hitting a vital organ.

US data

The energy delivered by most 9mm loads allows for significant expansion and penetration with premium hollow-point bullets. Illinois State Police, border patrol, Federal Air Marshals, and United States Secret Service favored and used 115 gr (7.5 g) +P+ 9mm loads at 1,300 ft/s (400 m/s) for years with excellent results. Massad Ayoob has stated that the "Tried, Tested, and True" 115 gr (7.5 g) +P or +P+ is the best self-defense load in this caliber.

Key:

• Expansion: expanded bullet diameter (ballistic gelatin)
• Penetration: penetration depth (ballistic gelatin)
• PC: permanent cavity volume (ballistic gelatin, FBI method)
• TSC: temporary stretch cavity volume (ballistic gelatin)

See also

• 9 mm caliber
• 9mm Major
• List of firearms
• List of handgun cartridges
• List of rifle cartridges
• Table of handgun and rifle cartridges

References

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External links

• Article on 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge collecting including history with photos and descriptions of variations including headstamps
• Ballistics By The Inch 9×19mm Parabellum Results.
• Data on the Russian ammo (in Russian)
• DIRECT FIRE AMMUNITION Handbook 2021, Project Manager Maneuver Ammunition Systems
• 9x19mm Parabellum Article and History

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v t e Cartridges derived from the 7.65×25mm Borchardt or its derivatives First generation 7.63×25mm Mauser 7.65×21mm Parabellum Second generation Based on 7.63×25mm Mauser 7.62×25mm Tokarev 9×25mm Mauser Based on 7.65×21mm Parabellum 9×19mm Parabellum Third generation Based on 9×19mm Parabellum .224 Boz 6.5×25mm CBJ 7×33mm Sako 9mm Glisenti 9mm Major 9mm P.A.K.(non-lethal) 9×21mm .356 TSW 9×18mm Ultra 9×30mm Grom Based on 7.62x25mm Tokarev .224 Voboril Fourth generation Based on 9×18mm Ultra 9×18mm Makarov Based on 9×21mm 9×21mm Gyurza Related .22 TCM 9R v t e German firearms and light weapons of World War II Sidearms Mauser C96 Luger Walther P38 Walther PP and PPK Sauer 38H Mauser HSc Sturmpistole Dreyse M1907 Pistol Volkspistole Rifles and carbines FG 42 G 98/40 Gewehr 41 Gewehr 43/Karabiner 43 Grossfuss Sturmgewehr Karabinek wz. 1929 Karabiner 98k M30 Luftwaffe drilling MKb 42(W) / MKb 42(H) Spz MP 43/MP 44/StG 44 StG 45(M) VG 1-5 Submachine guns MP 18/MP 28 MP 34 MP35 MP 38/MP 40 MP 41 MP 3008 Erma EMP EMP 44 Machine guns and other larger weapons MG 08 Schwarzlose MG M.07/12 MG 13 MG 15 MG 17 MG 26 MG 30 MG 34 MG 39 Rh MG 42 MG 45 MG 81 MG 131 IMG 28 MG 35/36A Faustpatrone Raketen-Panzerbüchse 43 Panzerfaust Panzerschreck Fliegerfaust/Luftfaust Flammenwerfer 35 Flammenwerfer 41 Einstossflammenwerfer 46 Panzerbüchse 39 Solothurn S-18/1000 VMG 1927 Zf.Ger.38 Infantry mortars 5 cm leGrW 36 8 cm GrW 34 kz 8 cm GrW 42 12 cm GrW 42 Grenade launchers Kampfpistole Leuchtpistole 34 Leuchtpistole 42 Schiessbecher Sturmpistole Grenades Blendkörper 1H Blendkörper 2H Fallschirm Leuchtpatrone Gewehr-Panzergranate Gross Gewehr-Panzergranate Gewehr-Granatpatrone 40 Gross Panzergranate 46 & 61 Gewehr-Sprenggranate Hafthohlladung Model 1924 Stielhandgranate Model 1939 Eihandgranate Model 1943 Stielhandgranate Multi-Star Signal Cartridge Nebelpatrone Panzerwurfkörper 42 Panzerwurfmine Propaganda-Gewehrgranate Shaving Stick Grenade Splitterring Sprengpatrone Wurfgranate Patrone 326 Wurfkörper 361 Notable foreign-made weapons Modele 1935A as Pistole 625(f) Kongsberg Colt as Pistole 657(n) Browning Hi-Power as Pistole 640(b) M1911 as Pistole 660(a) PPSh-41 as MP 717(r) Radom wz. 35 Vis as Pistole 645(p) Puška vz. 24 as Gewehr 24(t) Puška vz. 33 as Gewehr 33/40(t) Lewis gun as leMG 137(e) Bren light machine gun as leMG 138(e) Kulomet vz. 37 as leMG 148(j)/MG 37(t) Browning wz. 1928 (BAR) as leMG 154/2(p) Beretta Model 38/42 as MP 738(i) ZB vz. 26 as leMG 146/1(j) Sten MK I-III as MP 748-750(e) PPS-43 submachine gun as MP 719(r) SVT-40 as Sl.-Gewehr 259(r) M1 Garand as Sl.-Gewehr 251(a) Kb ppanc wz. 35 as PzB 770(p) Bazooka as RPzB 788(a) M1917 Enfield as Gewehr 250(a) M1903 Enfield as Gewehr 249(a) M1 carbine as Karabiner 455(a) Thompson Model 1928 as MP 760/2(r) German cartridges of the Wehrmacht 7.63×25mm Mauser 7.65×17mmSR Browning 7.65×21mm Parabellum 7.92×33mm Kurz 7.92×57mm Mauser 7.92×94mm Patronen 9×19mm Parabellum 13.2×92mmSR 20×138mmB v t e British Commonwealth small arms of World War II and Korea Sidearms Webley Mk IV & Mk VI Revolvers Enfield No. 2 Mk I Revolver Browning P-35 "Hi-Power" pistol M1911/M1911A1 pistol Smith & Wesson "Victory" revolver Welrod Rifles & submachine guns SMLE No. 1 Mk III* & Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk.I Pattern 1914 Enfield Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I "jungle carbine" Ross Rifle Mk.III De Lisle Commando carbine Sten Lanchester Sterling Austen Kokoda Owen gun Welgun M1921/M1928/M1 Thompson Bayonets Pattern 1907 bayonet Pattern 1913 bayonet No. 4 bayonet No. 5 bayonet Machine-guns & other larger weapons Besa machine gun Bren gun Charlton Automatic Rifle Lewis gun Vickers MG Vickers–Berthier LMG Vickers K gun PIAT Rifle, anti-tank, .55 in, Boys 29 mm spigot mortar "Blacker Bombard" SBML 2-inch mortar Projector, 2½-inch Mk. II "Northover" ML 3-inch mortar ML 4.2-inch mortar 3-inch Mk. I OSB gun "Smith gun" No. 2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower Grenades British grenades of WWI and WW2 Mills bomb Small arms cartridges .303 British 9mm Parabellum .45 ACP .455 Webley .38/200 .38 Special .50 BMG .55 Boys 15×104mm Brno v t e Chinese infantry weapons of the Second Sino-Japanese War Swords Dadao Miaodao Bayonets HY1935 bayonet Pistols FN M1900 Mauser C96 M1932 Astra Model 900 TT-33 M1911 Browning Hi-Power Smith & Wesson Model 10 Luger Rifles and carbines Hanyang 88 Type 1 Type 21 and Type 77 Chiang Kai-shek rifle vz. 24 vz. 98/22 Karabinek wz. 1929 Gewehr 98 Standardmodell Karabiner 98k Lee–Enfield Mosin–Nagant M1903 Springfield M1917 Enfield M1941 Johnson rifle BAR Lebel 1886 Type 38 Carcano Submachine guns MP 18 Thompson M3 PPD-40 Sten United Defense M42 MP 28 MP 34 EMP Light machine guns MG 34 ZB vz. 26 ZB vz. 30 DP Bren Hotchkiss M1922 Maxim–Tokarev Madsen Lahti-Saloranta M/26 SIG KE7 Medium machine guns Schwarzlose Hotchkiss M1914 M1919 Browning ZB-53 Heavy machine guns Type 24 Type 30 PM M1910 M2 Browning Hand grenades Type 23 Flamethrowers M2 flamethrower M1A1 flamethrower Rocket launchers and anti-tank rifles Bazooka Boys anti-tank rifle Cartridges Pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev 7.63×25mm Mauser 7.65×17mmSR Browning 9×19mm Parabellum 9×20mmR S&W 11.43×23mm ACP Rifle 7.62×54mmR 7.62×63mm Springfield 7.7×56mmR British 7.92×57mm Mauser 12.7×99mm 13.9×99mmB Boys 14.5×114mm v t e Italian firearms and light weapons of World War II Side arms Beretta M1923 Beretta M1934 Beretta M1935 Roth–Steyr M1907 Steyr M1912 Glisenti M1910 Bodeo Model 1889 Rifles and carbines (fucili e moschetti) Fucile da Fanteria Mod. 1891 Moschetto Mod. 91 da Cavalleria Moschetto per Truppe Speciali Mod. 91 Fucile Mod. 1938 Armaguerra Mod. 39 rifle Moschetto Automatico Revelli-Beretta Mod. 1915 Submachine guns MAB 38 Onorati Carabinetta Automatica O.V.P FNAB-43 OG-43 TZ-45 Machine guns and other larger weapons Fiat-Revelli Mod. 1914 Fiat Revelli Mod. 1935 SAFAT M1926 Breda-SAFAT Breda Mod. 1930 Breda Mod. 5C Breda Mod. 1937 Breda Mod. 1938 Solothurn S-18/1000 Fucile Controcarro 35(P) Grenades OTO Mod. 35 OTO Mod. 42 SRCM Mod. 35 Breda Mod. 35 Breda Mod. 42 L Type P Bomb Mortars (mortai) Brixia Model 35 81/14 Model 35 Mortar Cartridge .32 ACP .380 ACP 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano 7.35×51mm Carcano 8×57mm IS 8×59mm Rb Breda 9×19mm Glisenti 9×19mm Parabellum 20×138mmB v t e British Armed Forces individual weapons and cartridges, with L numbering Pistols L131A1 (Glock 17) Assault rifles carbines Designated marksman rifles L85A3 (SA80) L22A2 L129A1 L129A2 (Sharpshooter) L119A1 (C8 Carbine) L403A1 (KS-1) Sniper rifles Arctic Warfare Covert L115A3, L115A4 L121A1 (AW50) L82A1 (Barrett .50 Cal) Submachine guns L80A1 (MP5K), L90A1 (MP5K A1) L91A1 (MP5 A2/A3), L92A1 (MP5 SD2/SD3) Special Forces UCIW Shotguns L74A1 (Remington 870) L128A1 (Benelli M4) Machine guns L7A2 (GPMG) L2A1 (M2HB), L111A1 (M2HB-QCB) Grenade launchers L17A1/A2 (UGL) L67A1 L134A1 (GMG) Rocket launchers MATADOR Carl Gustaf M4 L142A1 (AT4CS HP) Missiles NLAW Javelin Starstreak Lightweight Multirole Missile (Martlet) Mortars L16A2 81mm mortar Modern cartridges used 5.56×45mm NATO 6.5mm Creedmoor 7.62×51mm NATO 12.7×99mm NATO .338 Lapua 9×19mm Parabellum 12 gauge v t e Current U.S. infantry service weapons and cartridges Handguns M1911 M9 M11 P229R DAK M17 – M18 MHS MK 23 MK 24 MK 25 MK 26 MK 27 Rifles Assault, battle M16 M4 XM7 MK 18 CQBR XM177 GAU-5/A M231 FPW M27 IAR HK416 MK 16 MK 17 MK 14 EBR M14 Designated marksman Mk 14 EBR M39 EMR M14 M21 SWS M25 SWS M38 DMR M110A1 SDMR SDM-R MK 12 SPR SEAL Recon Rifle Sniper, anti-materiel M110 SASS MK 11 M110A1 CSASS MK 20 SSR M107 M40 M2010 ESR M24 SWS MK 21 PSR MK 22 ASR – PSR MK 13 MK 15 Shotguns M870 M590 M26 MASS M1014 Submachine guns MP5 MP7 Colt 9mm SMG MPX SCW Machine guns M2 M249 SAW (MK 46) XM250 M27 IAR M240 MK 48 M60 (MK 43) Ordnance Grenade launchers M203 M320 GLM MK 13 EGLM M79 M32 MGL MK 19 MK 47 Mortars M224 LWCMS M252 M120 Recoilless rifle M3A1 MAAWS M136 AT4 Rockets M72 LAW MK 153 SMAW M141 BDM M202 FLASH Missiles BGM-71 TOW FGM-148 Javelin FIM-92 Stinger Cartridges 12 Gauge 9×19mm NATO .45 ACP 5.56×45mm NATO 6.5mm Creedmoor 6.8×51mm 7.62×51mm NATO .300 Norma Magnum .300 Winchester Magnum .338 Norma Magnum .50 BMG 40×46mm–40x51mm–40x53mm v t e Current French infantry weapons and cartridges Handguns PAMAS MAC Mle 1950 Glock 17 Rifles Assault rifles FAMAS SIG SG 550 (and variants) HK 416 Sniper rifle FR F2 FR F1 FN SCAR Anti-materiel rifle PGM Hécate II Shotguns Benelli M4 Submachine guns MP5 P90 Machine guns M2HB AA52 Minimi Grenade launchers M203 LGI Mle F1 Mortars LGI Mle F1 LLR 81mm MO-120-RT-61 Rockets LRAC F1 ABL Missiles MILAN Eryx Mistral FGM-148 Javelin Akeron MP Cartridges 12-gauge 5.7×28mm 9×19mm NATO 5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×51mm NATO 12.7×99mm NATO v t e Current German infantry weapons and cartridges Handguns P7 P8/P12 P30 Rifles Assault rifles and battle rifles G3 G27 G36 G38/G95 Designated marksman and sniper rifles G22 G28 G29 Anti-materiel rifle G82 Shotguns Remington 870 FP6 Submachine guns MP2 MP5 MP7 Machine guns MG3 MG4 MG5 M2 Browning Grenade launchers AG36 Granatpistole GMG Mortars Soltam K6 Rockets Panzerfaust 3 MATADOR Missiles MILAN Spike Cartridges HK 4.6×30mm 9×19mm NATO 11.43×23mm 5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×51mm NATO 8.6x70mm 12.7×99mm NATO 12-gauge 40×46mm/40×53mm v t e Current Indian Armed Forces infantry weapons and cartridges Handguns Pistol AUTO 9 mm 1A Glock 17 SIG P226 Rifles Assault rifles INSAS 1A SLR AKM AK-103 MPi-KM-72 Arsenal Co. AR Vz. 58 IMI Tavor TAR-21 Carbine M4A1 carbine Zittara AKS-74U Designated Marksman Dragunov SVD59 Sniper Mauser SP66 IMI Galil 7.62 Sniper Heckler & Koch MSG-90 Vidhwansak Denel NTW-20 Gepárd GM6 Lynx OSV-96 Submachine guns SAF Carbine 1A Heckler & Koch MP5 Heckler & Koch MP5K Uzi Machine guns MG 1B INSAS LMG IWI Negev PKM MG 2A1 M2 Browning NSV KPV Grenade launchers GP-25 MKEK T-40 Multi Grenade Launcher 40mm AGS-17 Plamya Mortars E1 51mm Mortar E1 81mm Mortar E1 120mm Mortar Rockets RPG-7 RCL Mk II RCL Mk III Shipon Missiles MILAN 9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan) 9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) 9M111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot) SA-16 Gimlet SA-7 Grail Cartridges 9×19mm NATO 5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×39mm 7.62×51mm NATO 7.62×54mmR .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO) 12.7×108mm 14.5×114mm 40×46mm v t e Current Australian Defence Force individual weapons and cartridges Pistols GP-35 Mk.III Hi-Power HK USP Glock 19 Assault rifles carbines F88 M4A5 HK416 Sniper rifles SR-98 SR-25 HK417 Mk 14 EBR Blaser 93 Tactical 2 AW50F Submachine guns MP5 Shotguns Remington 870 Machine guns F89 Minimi 7.62 TR MAG 58 M2HB-QCB Grenades Grenade launchers F1 M203 Mk19 Rockets M72A6 M3 Carl Gustaf Missiles FGM-148 Javelin Mortars F2 81mm Modern cartridges used 5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×51mm NATO 12.7×99mm NATO .338 Lapua Magnum 9×19mm Parabellum 12 gauge 40mm grenade v t e Modern personal defense weapons (PDWs) and cartridges Personal defense weapons AO-46 AAC Honey Badger AKS-74U Brügger & Thomet MP9 Bushmaster Arm Pistol CF-05 ČZW-438 Floro PDW FN P90 FN SCAR PDW & FN SCAR SC GA Personal Defense Weapon GAU-5A Aircrew Self Defense Weapon Gepard (submachine gun) Heckler & Koch G11 PDW Heckler & Koch MP5K-PDW Heckler & Koch MP7 Interdynamics MKR Knight's Armament Company PDW Magpul PDR MARS Interdynamics MKS Joint Venture Protective Carbine PP-19 Vityaz PP-2000 PP-90M1 QCW-05 Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ-MS SR-2 Veresk ST Kinetics CPW SIG MCX Rattler PDW-caliber pistols FN Five-seven FK BRNO Field Pistol, PSD GSh-18 Heckler & Koch UCP Kel-Tec P50 MP-443 M&P 5.7 Pindad PS-01 PSA 5.7 Rock QSW-06 QSZ-92 QSZ-11 Ruger-57 SR-1 Vektor PDW cartridges 4.38×30mm Libra 4.5×26mm MKR HK 4.6×30mm 5.56×21mm PINDAD 5.56×30mm MINSAS .224 Boz FN 5.7×28mm 5.8×21mm DAP92 6.5×25 CBJ-MS 7.5 FK 9×19 mm 7N31 9×21mm Gyurza 9×39mm

• Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1902
• 9mm Parabellum firearms
• Pistol and rifle cartridges
• Military cartridges
• NATO cartridges
• German inventions
• 1902 establishments in Germany