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{{Short description|Dutch States Army officer and nobleman}}
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'''Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG}}, and lord of De Voorst in ] (Gelderland) ({{IPA-nl|ˈɑrnɔl coːst fɑŋ ˈkɛpəl|lang}};<ref>In isolation, ''Arnold'', ''Joost'' and ''van'' are pronounced {{IPA-nl|ˈɑrnɔlt|}}, {{IPA-nl|joːst|}} and {{IPA-nl|vɑn|}}, respectively.</ref> baptised 30 January 1670{{snd}}30 May 1718), was a Dutch military leader who fought for King ] and became the first ]. He was the son of Oswald van Keppel and his wife Anna Geertruid van Lintelo.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} De Voorst is a large country house near ], financed by William III, and not unlike the royal palace ] in ]. '''Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG}} (January 1670{{snd}}30 May 1718) was a ] officer and nobleman who fought for ] and became the first ]. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} He had a very close relationship with William and proved a capable cavalry commander. In the latter stages of the ] he sometimes assumed Dutch supreme command in absence of ].


==Life== ==Life==

Arnold Joost van Keppel was born in Zutphen in the ] about 1670 and was the heir of a junior branch of an ancient and noble family in ]. He achieved fame and wealth as the right-hand man of ]. He became the page of honour to William III in his mid-teens, possibly as early as 1685.<ref>Fifty years of my life By George Thomas Keppel Albemarle (Earl of); p. 303.</ref><ref>Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter By Diana Souham; p. 19.</ref> It has been claimed that he was William's lover, but no conclusive evidence has been discovered.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Keppel accompanied William to England in the ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} Arnold Joost van Keppel was born in the De Voorst country house near ] in the ]. Born in 1670 and was the heir of a junior branch of an ancient and noble family in ]; the son of Oswald van Keppel and his wife Anna Geertruid van Lintelo. De Voorst is a large country house near Zutphen, financed by William III, and not unlike the royal palace ] in ]. He achieved fame and wealth as the right-hand man of ]. He became the page of honour to William III in his mid-teens, possibly as early as 1685.<ref>Fifty years of my life By George Thomas Keppel Albemarle (Earl of); p. 303.</ref><ref>Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter By Diana Souham; p. 19.</ref> It has been claimed that he was William's lover, but no conclusive evidence has been discovered.{{sfn|Falkner|2014|p=85}} Keppel accompanied William to England in the ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}}


While some have suggested their association began when Keppel was only 16, others argue a later date, possibly at the time of a hunting accident when he is said to have attracted the king's attention by his uncomplaining demeanour upon breaking a leg.<ref>Royal mistresses By Charles Carlton; p. 93.</ref><ref>The Anglo-Dutch favourite By David Onnekink: p. 229.</ref> Public commentary on the relationship intensified in 1692 when Keppel began to receive grants of land from the king.<ref>Perilous enlightenment By George Sebastian Rousseau; p. 24.</ref> He became ] and ] in 1695. In 1696, he was created the ] in ], and the ] of ]. On 10 February 1697, William made Van Keppel the ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} In 1699, he was awarded the command of the First Life Guards.<ref name=jesse>Memoirs of the court of England from ... 1688 to the death of George the second By John Heneage Jesse; p. 235.</ref> While some have suggested their association began when Keppel was only 16, others argue a later date, possibly at the time of a hunting accident when he is said to have attracted the king's attention by his uncomplaining demeanour upon breaking a leg.<ref>Royal mistresses By Charles Carlton; p. 93.</ref><ref>The Anglo-Dutch favourite By David Onnekink: p. 229.</ref> Public commentary on the relationship intensified in 1692 when Keppel began to receive grants of land from the king.<ref>Perilous enlightenment By George Sebastian Rousseau; p. 24.</ref> He became ] and ] in 1695. In 1696, he was created the ] in ], and the ] of ]. On 10 February 1697, William made Van Keppel the ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} In 1699, he was awarded the command of the First Life Guards.<ref name=jesse>Memoirs of the court of England from ... 1688 to the death of George the second By John Heneage Jesse; p. 235.</ref>
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Handsome and engaging, he rivalled ] (whose jealousy he aroused in the royal favour), possessed William's full confidence, and accompanied him everywhere. In February 1702 William, then prostrated with his last illness, sent Albemarle to the Netherlands to arrange the coming campaign, and he only returned in time to receive William's last commissions on his deathbed,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=492–493}} including being entrusted with the king's private papers.<ref name=jesse/> Handsome and engaging, he rivalled ] (whose jealousy he aroused in the royal favour), possessed William's full confidence, and accompanied him everywhere. In February 1702 William, then prostrated with his last illness, sent Albemarle to the Netherlands to arrange the coming campaign, and he only returned in time to receive William's last commissions on his deathbed,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=492–493}} including being entrusted with the king's private papers.<ref name=jesse/>


After the death of William III, who bequeathed to him ]200,000 and the lordship of ],<ref>Ada Peele, Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam: De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III en een consequentie daarvan: Pruisisch heerlijk gezag in Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 1702-1754 (Hilversum: Verloren, 2013), pp. 53–54.</ref> Albemarle returned to the Netherlands, took his seat as a noble in the ], and became a general of ] in the Dutch army. He joined the forces of the allies in 1703 in the ], was present at the ] in 1706, and at ] in 1708, and distinguished himself at the siege of ]. He commanded at the siege of ] in 1710, led ]'s second line in 1711, and was general of the Dutch forces in 1712. As commander of the Dutch forces he successfully bombarded Arras and destroyed much of the French supplies there, but he was defeated at ] after the withdrawal of ] and the English forces and taken prisoner. He died on 30 May 1718, at the age of forty-eight.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=493}} After the death of William III, who bequeathed to him ]200,000 and the lordship of ],<ref>Ada Peele, Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam: De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III en een consequentie daarvan: Pruisisch heerlijk gezag in Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 1702-1754 (Hilversum: Verloren, 2013), pp. 53–54.</ref> Albemarle returned to the Netherlands, took his seat as a noble in the ], and became a general of ] in the Dutch army. He joined the forces of the allies in 1703 in the ], was present at the ] in 1706, and at ] in 1708, and distinguished himself at the ]. He commanded at the siege of ] in 1710, led ]'s second line in 1711, and was general of the Dutch forces in early 1712. As commander of the Dutch forces he successfully ] and destroyed much of the French supplies there, but he was defeated at ] after the withdrawal of ] and the English forces and taken prisoner. He died on 30 May 1718, at the age of forty-eight.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=493}}


==Family== ==Family==
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* {{EB1911|wstitle=Albemarle, Earls and Dukes of|volume=1|pages=492–493}} * {{EB1911|wstitle=Albemarle, Earls and Dukes of|volume=1|pages=492–493}}
* ] ''The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage'', 1859. * ] ''The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage'', 1859.

==Sources==
* {{Cite book|last=Falkner|first=James|year=2014|title=Marlborough's War Machine, 1702–1711|publisher=
Pen & Sword Military|isbn=9781473842953}}


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Latest revision as of 17:20, 11 August 2024

Dutch States Army officer and nobleman

  • The Right Honourable
  • The Earl of Albemarle
The Earl c. 1700.
Earl of Albemarle
Tenure1697–1718
PredecessorNew creation
SuccessorWilliam van Keppel
Full nameArnold Joost van Keppel
Baptised30 January 1670
Zutphen, Dutch Republic
Died30 May 1718(1718-05-30) (aged 48)
Noble familyDe Voorst
Spouse(s)Geertruid Johanna Quirina van der Duyn
Issue
Detail
FatherOswald van Keppel
MotherAnna Geertruid van Lintelo
Military career
Allegiance Dutch Republic
Years of service1703–1718
Battles / wars

Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle, KG (January 1670 – 30 May 1718) was a Dutch States Army officer and nobleman who fought for William III of England and became the first Earl of Albemarle. He had a very close relationship with William and proved a capable cavalry commander. In the latter stages of the War of the Spanish Succession he sometimes assumed Dutch supreme command in absence of Claude Frédéric t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly.

Life

Arnold Joost van Keppel was born in the De Voorst country house near Zutphen in the Dutch Republic. Born in 1670 and was the heir of a junior branch of an ancient and noble family in Gelderland; the son of Oswald van Keppel and his wife Anna Geertruid van Lintelo. De Voorst is a large country house near Zutphen, financed by William III, and not unlike the royal palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn. He achieved fame and wealth as the right-hand man of William III of Orange. He became the page of honour to William III in his mid-teens, possibly as early as 1685. It has been claimed that he was William's lover, but no conclusive evidence has been discovered. Keppel accompanied William to England in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

While some have suggested their association began when Keppel was only 16, others argue a later date, possibly at the time of a hunting accident when he is said to have attracted the king's attention by his uncomplaining demeanour upon breaking a leg. Public commentary on the relationship intensified in 1692 when Keppel began to receive grants of land from the king. He became Groom of the Bedchamber and Master of the Robes in 1695. In 1696, he was created the Viscount Bury in Lancashire, and the Baron Ashford of Ashford, Kent. On 10 February 1697, William made Van Keppel the Earl of Albemarle. In 1699, he was awarded the command of the First Life Guards.

Arnold van Keppel in 1698

In 1700, William gave Albemarle extensive lands in Ireland, but Parliament obliged the king to cancel this grant. William instead granted him £50,000. The same year he was created a Knight of the Garter. He served both with the English and Dutch troops, was a major-general in 1697, colonel of several regiments and governor of 's-Hertogenbosch.

Handsome and engaging, he rivalled Portland (whose jealousy he aroused in the royal favour), possessed William's full confidence, and accompanied him everywhere. In February 1702 William, then prostrated with his last illness, sent Albemarle to the Netherlands to arrange the coming campaign, and he only returned in time to receive William's last commissions on his deathbed, including being entrusted with the king's private papers.

After the death of William III, who bequeathed to him ƒ200,000 and the lordship of Bredevoort, Albemarle returned to the Netherlands, took his seat as a noble in the States-General, and became a general of cavalry in the Dutch army. He joined the forces of the allies in 1703 in the War of Spanish Succession, was present at the Battle of Ramillies in 1706, and at Oudenaarde in 1708, and distinguished himself at the Siege of Lille. He commanded at the siege of Aire in 1710, led Marlborough's second line in 1711, and was general of the Dutch forces in early 1712. As commander of the Dutch forces he successfully bombarded Arras and destroyed much of the French supplies there, but he was defeated at Denain after the withdrawal of Ormonde and the English forces and taken prisoner. He died on 30 May 1718, at the age of forty-eight.

Family

Arms of the Earl of Albemarle (1697 creation) Arms of van Keppel

Albemarle married Geertruid Johanna Quirina van der Duyn, daughter of Major General Scravenmore (an anglicisation of 's Gravenmoer) who served as an officer in the Danish Auxiliary Corps in the Williamite War in Ireland.

  • William Anne, who succeeded him as 2nd Earl of Albemarle. He married the granddaughter of Charles II of England.
  • Sophia (1716–1773), who married General John Thomas (son of Sir Edmond Thomas, 2nd Bt.). They had at least two sons. The younger son, Colonel Charles Nassau Thomas, became Vice-Chamberlain to George IV, when he was Prince of Wales and Prince Regent.

References

  1. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 492.
  2. Fifty years of my life By George Thomas Keppel Albemarle (Earl of); p. 303.
  3. Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter By Diana Souham; p. 19.
  4. Falkner 2014, p. 85.
  5. Royal mistresses By Charles Carlton; p. 93.
  6. The Anglo-Dutch favourite By David Onnekink: p. 229.
  7. Perilous enlightenment By George Sebastian Rousseau; p. 24.
  8. ^ Memoirs of the court of England from ... 1688 to the death of George the second By John Heneage Jesse; p. 235.
  9. Chisholm 1911, pp. 492–493.
  10. Ada Peele, Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam: De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III en een consequentie daarvan: Pruisisch heerlijk gezag in Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 1702-1754 (Hilversum: Verloren, 2013), pp. 53–54.
  11. Chisholm 1911, p. 493.
  12. "De Nederlandsche Leeuw, jaargang 4 (1886)". Koninklijk Nederlandsch Genootschap voor Geslacht- en Wapenkunde (in Dutch). Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  13. The Correspondence of Horace Walpole by Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford; p. 131.

Attribution:

Sources

  • Falkner, James (2014). Marlborough's War Machine, 1702–1711. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781473842953.
Military offices
Preceded byThe Earl of Scarbrough Captain and Colonel of
His Majesty's Own Troop of Horse Guards
1699–1710 		Succeeded byThe Earl of Portland
Court offices
Preceded byWilliam Nassau de Zuylestein Master of the Robes
1695–1701 		Succeeded byCornelius Nassau
Peerage of England
New creation Earl of Albemarle
1697–1718 		Succeeded byWilliam van Keppel
Categories: