William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington: Difference between revisions

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	{{Use British English\|date=October 2012}}		{{Use British English\|date=October 2012}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = ]		\| honorific-prefix = ]
	\| name = Marquess of Hartington		\| name = Marquess of Hartington
	\| image = ~~Lord Cavendish (cropped).jpg~~		\| image =
	\| caption = Lord Hartington in 1944		\| caption = Lord Hartington in 1944
	\| birth_name = William John Robert Cavendish		\| birth_name = William John Robert Cavendish
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	==Second World War and death==		==Second World War and death==
	He received a commission as an officer into the ]'s ] regiment during the ]. In August 1944, during the liberation of Europe in the West from ], Hartington's unit, the 5th Battalion Coldstream Guards, as a part of the ], was engaged in heavy fighting in ]. In early September 1944, it crossed the ] and pushed Eastward towards ], where it was one of the first to liberate the city. Of the townsfolk and villagers who turned out and cheered the ] and, in some cases, decorated their tanks, Hartington wrote to his wife of feeling "so unworthy of it all living as I have in reasonable safety and comfort during these years..... I have a permanent lump in my throat and long for you to be here as it is an experience which few can have and which I would love to share with you."<ref>Bailey, C. (2007). ''Black Diamonds: The Rise and Fall of an English Dynasty'', p. 375. London: Penguin. {{ISBN\|978-0-670-91542-2}}.</ref>		He received a commission as an officer into the ]'s ] regiment during the ]. In August 1944, during the liberation of Europe in the West from ], Hartington's unit, the 5th Battalion Coldstream Guards, as a part of the ], was engaged in heavy fighting in ]. In early September 1944, it crossed the ] and pushed Eastward towards ], where it was one of the first to liberate the city. Of the townsfolk and villagers who turned out and cheered the ] and, in some cases, decorated their tanks, Hartington wrote to his wife of feeling "so unworthy of it all living as I have in reasonable safety and comfort during these years..... I have a permanent lump in my throat and long for you to be here as it is an experience which few can have and which I would love to share with you."<ref>Bailey, C. (2007). ''Black Diamonds: The Rise and Fall of an English Dynasty'', p. 375. London: Penguin. {{ISBN\|978-0-670-91542-2}}.</ref>

	On 9 September 1944, Hartington was shot dead at the age of 26 by a ] whilst leading a company trying to capture the town of ] in ] from troops of the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cheshirenow.co.uk/cavendish_family.html\|title=The Cavendish Family- Dukes of Devonshire\|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref>'HARTINGTON, Marquess of', '']'', A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 ; online edn, April 2014 </ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.geni.com/people/William-Cavendish-Marquess-of-Hartington/6000000003098252985\|title=William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944) - Genealogy\|publisher=Geni}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mitford\|first1=Deborah\|title=The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth\|date=1982\|publisher=Macmillan\|page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Spencer Churchill\|first1=Randolph\|last2=Gilbert\|first2=Martin\|title=Winston S. Churchill, Volume 5\|date=1977\|publisher=Houghton Mifflin\|page=583}}</ref>		On 9 September 1944, Hartington was shot dead at the age of 26 by a ] whilst leading a company trying to capture the town of ] in ] from troops of the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cheshirenow.co.uk/cavendish_family.html\|title=The Cavendish Family- Dukes of Devonshire\|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref>'HARTINGTON, Marquess of', '']'', A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 </ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.geni.com/people/William-Cavendish-Marquess-of-Hartington/6000000003098252985\|title=William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944) - Genealogy\|date=30 April 2022 \|publisher=Geni}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mitford\|first1=Deborah\|title=The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth\|date=1982\|publisher=Macmillan\|page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Spencer Churchill\|first1=Randolph\|last2=Gilbert\|first2=Martin\|title=Winston S. Churchill, Volume 5\|date=1977\|publisher=Houghton Mifflin\|page=583}}</ref> He is buried at the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2109501/william-john-robert-cavendish/\|title=Major William John Robert Cavendish - War Casualty Details\|publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission\|date=10 July 2024}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	He married American ] ] on 6 May 1944 at the ] in ] on ] in ]. She was the daughter of former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom ],<ref name="times"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.politico.com/gallery/2012/05/the-kennedy-family/000141-001731.html\|title=The Kennedy family - Photos - 8 of 20 - POLITICO.com\|website=]\|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> and the sister of ], ], and ]. The Duke of Devonshire and the bride's eldest brother ], then a lieutenant in the United States Navy, signed the marriage register, and the ] served as best man.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Marriages: Captain the Lord Hartington and K. Kennedy \|work=] \|page=6 \|date=8 May 1944 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=The Cavendishes & the Kennedys\|date=15 May 1944\|magazine=] \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850493-2,00.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408184639/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850493-2,00.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=8 April 2008\|access-date=10 August 2008}}</ref> Her mother, ], disapproved of the union because the Kennedy family were ] and the Dukes of Devonshire were ], and neither would be married in the other's faith.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19700804&id=p4o0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1385,847764\|date=4 August 1970\|title=Kathleen put love before religion\|work=The Montreal Gazette}}</ref><ref name="VanityFair05202013">{{cite news \|first=Charles \|last=Spencer \|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2010/01/english-aristocracy-201001 \|title=Enemies of the Estate \|work=] \|date=January 2010 \|access-date=2013-05-20}}</ref>		He married American ] ] on 6 May 1944 at the ] in ] on ] in ]. She was the daughter of former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom ],<ref name="times"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.politico.com/gallery/2012/05/the-kennedy-family/000141-001731.html\|title=The Kennedy family - Photos - 8 of 20 - POLITICO.com\|website=]\|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> and the sister of ], ], and ]. The Duke of Devonshire and the bride's eldest brother ], then a lieutenant in the United States Navy, signed the marriage register, and the ] served as best man.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Marriages: Captain the Lord Hartington and K. Kennedy \|work=] \|page=6 \|date=8 May 1944 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=The Cavendishes & the Kennedys\|date=15 May 1944\|magazine=] \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850493-2,00.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408184639/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850493-2,00.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=8 April 2008\|access-date=10 August 2008}}</ref> Her mother, ], disapproved of the union because the Kennedy family were ] and the Dukes of Devonshire were ], and neither would be married in the other's faith.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19700804&id=p4o0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1385,847764\|date=4 August 1970\|title=Kathleen put love before religion\|work=The Montreal Gazette}}</ref><ref name="VanityFair05202013">{{cite news \|first=Charles \|last=Spencer \|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2010/01/english-aristocracy-201001 \|title=Enemies of the Estate \|work=] \|date=January 2010 \|access-date=2013-05-20}}</ref>

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	==External links==		==External links==
	*{{~~findagrave~~\|14039483}}		*{{find a Grave\|14039483}}

	{{Kennedy family}}		{{Kennedy family}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Hartington, William ~~John Robert~~ Cavendish, Marquess Of}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Hartington, William Cavendish, Marquess of}}
	]		]
	]		]

Latest revision as of 16:28, 9 October 2024

British politician and soldier (1917–1944)

MajorMarquess of Hartington
Personal details
Born	William John Robert Cavendish (1917-12-10)10 December 1917 London, England
Died	9 September 1944(1944-09-09) (aged 26) Heppen, Belgium
Cause of death	Killed in action
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	Kathleen Agnes Kennedy (m. 1944)
Parents	Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire Mary Gascoyne-Cecil
Relatives	Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (brother)
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Military service
Branch/service	British Army
Rank	Major
Unit	Coldstream Guards, Guards Armoured Division
Battles/wars	Second World War Western Front †

William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (10 December 1917 – 9 September 1944) was a British politician and British Army officer. He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and therefore the heir to the dukedom. He was killed in action in the Second World War during fighting in the Low Countries in September 1944 whilst leading a company of the Coldstream Guards.

Early life

Lord Hartington was born on 10 December 1917 in London, England. He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and his wife, Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge.

He was a member of the Conservative Party, and was selected as the official candidate of the Wartime Coalition for the West Derbyshire by-election on 18 February 1944, in the constituency local to Chatsworth. He was faced by Charles Frederick White, Jr., who resigned from the Labour Party to run as an Independent candidate, evading the Wartime Coalition's ban on partisan campaigning. West Derbyshire had been held by Conservatives since 1923 (Hartington's father and then his uncle by marriage). In a contentious campaign, White solidly defeated Hartington with 57.7% of the vote to 41.5%.

Second World War and death

He received a commission as an officer into the British Army's Coldstream Guards regiment during the Second World War. In August 1944, during the liberation of Europe in the West from Nazi Germany, Hartington's unit, the 5th Battalion Coldstream Guards, as a part of the Guards Armoured Division, was engaged in heavy fighting in France. In early September 1944, it crossed the River Somme and pushed Eastward towards Brussels, where it was one of the first to liberate the city. Of the townsfolk and villagers who turned out and cheered the Allies and, in some cases, decorated their tanks, Hartington wrote to his wife of feeling "so unworthy of it all living as I have in reasonable safety and comfort during these years..... I have a permanent lump in my throat and long for you to be here as it is an experience which few can have and which I would love to share with you."

On 9 September 1944, Hartington was shot dead at the age of 26 by a sniper whilst leading a company trying to capture the town of Heppen in Belgium from troops of the German Waffen-SS. He is buried at the Leopoldsburg War Cemetery.

Personal life

He married American socialite Kathleen Kennedy on 6 May 1944 at the Register Office in Chelsea Town Hall on King's Road in London. She was the daughter of former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom Joseph Kennedy Sr, and the sister of John, Robert, and Ted Kennedy. The Duke of Devonshire and the bride's eldest brother Joseph P. Kennedy Jr, then a lieutenant in the United States Navy, signed the marriage register, and the Duke of Rutland served as best man. Her mother, Rose, disapproved of the union because the Kennedy family were Roman Catholic and the Dukes of Devonshire were Anglican, and neither would be married in the other's faith.

References

^ "Obituary: Major Lord Hartington". The Times. 19 September 1944. p. 6.
LIFE, 13 March 1944, pp 28–29.
Bailey, C. (2007). Black Diamonds: The Rise and Fall of an English Dynasty, p. 375. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-91542-2.
"The Cavendish Family- Dukes of Devonshire". Retrieved 13 September 2016.
'HARTINGTON, Marquess of', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 26 Aug 2015
"William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944) - Genealogy". Geni. 30 April 2022.
Mitford, Deborah (1982). The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth. Macmillan. p. 73.
Spencer Churchill, Randolph; Gilbert, Martin (1977). Winston S. Churchill, Volume 5. Houghton Mifflin. p. 583.
"Major William John Robert Cavendish - War Casualty Details". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 10 July 2024.
"The Kennedy family - Photos - 8 of 20 - POLITICO.com". Politico. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
"Marriages: Captain the Lord Hartington and K. Kennedy". The Times. 8 May 1944. p. 6.
"The Cavendishes & the Kennedys". Time. 15 May 1944. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
"Kathleen put love before religion". The Montreal Gazette. 4 August 1970.
Spencer, Charles (January 2010). "Enemies of the Estate". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

External links

William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington at Find a Grave

Kennedy family

P. J. Kennedy (1858–1929)	Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (m.) Rose Fitzgerald

II.

Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (1888–1969)	Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. John F. Kennedy (m.) Jacqueline Bouvier Rosemary Kennedy Kathleen Kennedy (m.) William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington Eunice Kennedy (m.) Sargent Shriver Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) Peter Lawford Robert F. Kennedy (m.) Ethel Skakel Jean Kennedy (m.) Stephen Edward Smith Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy (m./div. 1st) Joan Bennett; (m. 2nd) Victoria Reggie

III.

John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)	Caroline Kennedy (m.) Edwin Schlossberg John F. Kennedy Jr. (m.) Carolyn Bessette Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009)	Bobby Shriver Maria Shriver (m./div.) Arnold Schwarzenegger Timothy Shriver Mark Shriver Anthony Shriver
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006)	Christopher Lawford
Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968)	Kathleen Kennedy Townsend Joseph P. Kennedy II Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (m./sep.) Mary Richardson (m. 3rd) Cheryl Hines Michael LeMoyne Kennedy Kerry Kennedy (m./div.) Andrew Cuomo Christopher G. Kennedy Max Kennedy Douglas Harriman Kennedy Rory Kennedy (m.) Mark Bailey
Jean Kennedy Smith (1928–2020)	William Kennedy Smith
Ted Kennedy (1932–2009)	Kara Kennedy Edward M. Kennedy Jr. Patrick J. Kennedy (m.) Amy Savell

IV.