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{{Short description|Azerbaijani historian and academic (1923–1997)}} | |||
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{{Infobox military person | |||
'''Ziya Musa oglu Bunyadov''' (]: ''Ziya Bünyadov'') (] ], ] – ] ], ]) was an Azerbaijani ], ], and Vice-President of the ]. As a historian, he also headed the Institute of History of the Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences for many years. Bunyadov was a ] veteran and ]. | |||
|name = Ziya Bunyadov | |||
|image =Ziya Bunyadov.jpg | |||
|caption = | |||
|birth_date = 21 December 1921 | |||
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1997|2|21|1921|12|24}} | |||
|birth_place = ], ], ] | |||
|death_place = ], ] | |||
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|allegiance = {{USSR}} | |||
|branch = | |||
|serviceyears = 1942–1945 | |||
|rank = | |||
|unit = | |||
|commands = | |||
|battles = | |||
|awards = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |||
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}} | |||
'''Ziya Musa oglu Bunyadov''' ({{langx|az|Ziya Musa oğlu Bünyadov}}, sometimes spelled in English as Zia Buniatov or Bunyatov; 21 December 1921 in ] – 21 February 1997) was an Azerbaijani ], ], and Vice-President of the ]. As a historian, he also headed the Institute of History of the Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences for many years. Bunyadov was a ] veteran and ], which was the highest distinction in the ]. | |||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Ziya Bunyatov was born on December 21, 1923 in the town of ]. After finishing the secondary school, he joined Baku military school. In 1942, he was sent to World War II to fight on the Caucasus front, near the town of ]. Ziya Bunyadov showed heroic effort in the battle over Pilitsa bridge in ] on ], ], resulting in 100 ] fatalities and 45 Nazi prisoners taken. For this deed, on ], ], by the decree of the Supreme Soviet (parliament) of the Soviet Union, Ziya Bunyadov was awarded the honorary title of the ]. Besides this highest title, for his participation and heroism in World War II, Ziya Bunyadov was also awarded the honorary ], ], ], and 2-nd degree ] Soviet orders and honorary Soviet medals "For the Defense of Caucasus", "For liberation of Warsaw", "For liberation of Berlin" and "]". For a year after the end of war, Lieutenant Ziya Bunyadov was the deputy military commendant of the ] district of ]. | |||
Ziya Bunyadov was born on 21 December 1921 in the town of ] in ]. His father, originally from Bibiheybat village of Baku, was a customs officer and, due to his work, the Bunyadov family changed their residence several times. After finishing secondary school in ] in 1939, he joined ]. In 1942 he was sent to World War II to fight on the Caucasus Front, near the town of ]. '']'' (Red Star), the official newspaper of the Soviet Army, wrote about Bunyadov in 1942: "sly, swift as a tiger, the intelligence officer Ziya Bunyadov, who under improbable conditions, in the most complex situation could clearly orient himself, bring precise data about the number, armament and location of the enemy. He was valued in the battalion for his romantic soul and literary erudition" . He went on to fight on the European Front and participated in the Soviet capture of Warsaw and Berlin. | |||
After the war, Ziya Bunyadov completed the Moscow Institute of Orientalism and in ] defended his doctorate dissertation. Dr. Bunyadov returned to Baku and started working at the Institute of the History of the Academy of Sciences of ]. Here he grew from a position of a research associate to become a chief scientist, head of the Insitute of History, academician and vice-president of the National Academy of Sciences. | |||
Ziya Bunyadov was awarded the Soviet Union's highest military honor, ], for his actions in the battle over a bridge on ] river in ] on 14 January 1945, resulting in 100 enemy fatalities and 45 enemy prisoners taken. As well as this medal, for his participation and heroism in World War II Bunyadov was also awarded the honors ], ], ], and 2nd degree ]. For a year after the end of war, he was deputy military commandant of the ] district of ]. | |||
==Academic career== | |||
After the war, Bunyadov graduated from the ] and in 1954 defended his doctorate dissertation. He returned to Baku and started working at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the ]. Here he progressed from the position of research associate to chief scientist, head of the Institute of History, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and then finally full academician and vice-president of the Academy of Sciences. He was the author and editor of numerous monographs, books, and articles on the history of Caucasus. | |||
Soviet ] and journalist Farid Seyful-Mulukov noted regarding Bunyadov's translation of the Quran: "He was an outstanding scholar. Quran translation requires excellent knowledge of the Arabic language and few dare to embark upon that job. Ziya Bunyadov managed to do excellent translation of the Holy Book."<ref>Zerkalo, Baku, 14 March 2007</ref> | |||
==Death== | |||
] | |||
On 21 February 1997, Bunyadov was assassinated at the entrance to his apartment in Baku. Though the official state investigation placed the responsibility on a group of Islamic extremists, many of whom received life sentences, the culprits and circumstances of Bunyadov's murder remained mysterious. According to John W. Parker, ] within the U.S. State Department, Bunyadov's murderers were trained in Iran.<ref>John W. Parker, ''Persian Dreams: Moscow and Tehran Since the Fall of the Shah'', (Potomac Books, Inc, 2009), 54. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731183635/http://www.potomacbooksinc.com/Books/AuthorDetail.aspx?id=14549|date=2013-07-31}}</ref> He was buried at the ]. | |||
==Critics== | |||
Bunyadov researched ancient and medieval Azerbaijani historiography, specializing in ] and Azerbaijan during the ] rule, concentrating on events from the 7th{{En dash}}19th centuries AD. In different areas, Bunyadov's work has met severe criticism. According to journalist Thomas de Waal: | |||
<blockquote> | |||
Buniatov's academy reissued thirty thousand copies of a forgotten racist tract by the turn of the century Russian polemicist ]; later Buniatov began a poisonous quarrel for which Caucasian Albanians themselves should take none of them blame. Buniatov’s scholarly credentials were dubious. It later transpired that the two articles he published in 1960 and 1965 on Caucasian Albania were direct ]. Under his own name, he had simply published, unattributed, translations of two articles, originally written in English by Western scholars ] and Robert Hewsen.<ref>''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War,'' by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004), pages 152-153, 143</ref> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
Bunyadov is also known for his article, "Why Sumgait?",<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702093919/http://www.irs-az.com/gen/n5/n5_6.htm |date=July 2, 2007 }} January 1989</ref> on the 1988 pogrom against Armenians in the town of ]. Thomas de Waal calls Bunyadov "Azerbaijan’s foremost Armenophobe," and says, "Buniatov concluded that the ]s had been planned by the Armenians themselves in order to discredit Azerbaijan and boost the Armenian nationalist cause."<ref>''Black Garden,'' by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004), page 42</ref> (See ].) | |||
According to Russian historian ], Bunyadov "purposefully tried 'to clear' the territories of modern Azerbaijan from the presence of Armenian history". "Another way is to underestimate the presence of Armenians in ancient and medieval Transcaucasia and to belittle their role by reprinting antique and medieval sources with denominations and replacements of the 'Armenian state' term to 'the Albanian state' or with other distortions of original texts. In the 1960s to 1990s there were many such reprintings of primary sources in Baku, where academician Z. M. Bunyadov was actively engaged".<ref></ref> | |||
Soviet academic ] wrote that Bunyadov become infamous for a scientific edition of "a historical source from where all mentions on Armenians have been carefully eliminated".<ref></ref> | |||
Historians ] and Hasan Javadi charged Bunyadov for making "an incomplete and defective Russian translation of ]'s text ]'']. Not only has he not translated any of the poems in the text, but he does not even mention that he has not done so, while he does not translate certain other prose parts of the text without indicating this and why. This is in particular disturbing because he suppresses, for example, the mention of territory inhabited by Armenians, thus not only falsifying history, but also not respecting Bakikhanov's dictum that a historian should write without prejudice, whether religious, ethnic, political or otherwise".<ref>''The Heavenly Rose-Garden: A History of Shirvan & Daghestan. Abbas-Kuli-Aga Bakikhanov'', Willem Floor, Hasan Javadi. - Mage Publishers, 2009 - {{ISBN|1-933823-27-5}}. p. xvi</ref> | |||
Some of Bunyadov's research is discussed by Western journalist and author Yo'av Karny.<ref>Yo'av Karny, ''Highlanders: A Journey to the Caucasus in Quest of Memory,'' NY: ], 2001</ref> | |||
On ], ], Ziya Bunyadov was murdered at the entrance to his flat in ]. Though the official state investigation placed the resposibility on a group of Islamic extremists, many of whom received life sentences, the culprits and circumstances of Bunyadov's murder remained mysterious. | |||
As part of the Soviet Union's nation-building efforts, the ] ], who followed the teaching of the Iranian Zoroastrian priest ] with its pseudo-Communist and socialist themes, was proclaimed a national hero in the ]; Bunyadov, within this context, claimed that "Babak was a national hero of Azerbaijani people".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |author1-link=Ludwig W. Adamec |title=Historical Dictionary of Islam |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |pages=70–71 |edition=3}}</ref> The Russian ethnologist, historian and anthropologist Victor Schnirelmann dismisses Bunyadov's theory, criticizing Bunyadov for not mentioning that Babak spoke ], and ignoring the witness accounts of Babak's contemporaries who call him ].<ref>Shnirelman, V. A. (2001), ''The value of the Past: Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia'', Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology. pp 123: "Having claimed that, Buniiatov failed to mention that Babek spoke Persian, and ignored the witnesses of contemporaries who called him the 'Persian{{'"}}.</ref> | |||
==Academic Career== | |||
Bunyadov studied ancient Azerbaijani historiography. He led research on ], an ancient state that existed on the territory of modern Azerbaijan before 5th century A.D., and along with his student Dr. ], published several books on the history of ].<ref> Bunyadov's research on Caucasian Albania is discussed in details in the following texts: Yo'av Karny. Highlanders: A Journey to the Caucasus in Quest of Memory, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001; Thomas De Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, New York University Press, 2004; George A. Bournoutian. "Rewriting History: Recent Azeri Alterations of Primary Sources Dealing with Karabakh" ," Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies (1992,1993), Volume 6.</ref> | |||
==Honours and awards== | |||
In Soviet times, Bunyadov's research discussed an alleged centuries-long Armenian plot to dominate Caucasian Albania and the Caucasus. That is how Yo’av Karny describes what he heard from Bunyadov: "It took a while to expose the conspiracy..." notes Karny sardonically... "Under Arab auspices, in the Middle Ages, monks and priests of the Armenian national church had translated the entire body of Albanian literature Armenian, destroyed the Albanian original, then integrated it into the Armenian Church." <ref>Yo'av Karny. Highlanders: A Journey to the Caucasus in Quest of Memory, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001. p. 319</ref> | |||
*] | |||
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*] 1st class | |||
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==Selected publications== | |||
Bunyadov is also known for his article ''Why Sumgait?'' published shortly after anti-Armenian pogroms in Azerbaijan's town of ], which resulted in 26 fatalities. | |||
*(1965) ''Azerbaydzhan v VII-IX vekakh'' ({{Lang|ru|Азербайджан в VII-IX веках}} (Azerbaijan in the 7th–9th centuries)), Baku: Izdatelstvo AN Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR | |||
{{cquote|Buniatov began a poisonous quarrel for which Caucasian Albanians themselves should take none of them blame. (Their true history has not become any clearer as a result). Buniatov’s scholarly credentials were dubious. It later transpired that the two articles he published in 1960 and 1965 on Caucasian Albania were direct plagiarism. Under his own name, he had simply published, unattributed, translations of two articles, originally written in English by Western scholars C.F.J. Dowsett and Robert Hensen. <ref> Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004) , pages 152-153 </ref>}} | |||
*(1978) ''Gosudarstvo atabekov Azerbaydzhana, 1136-1225'' ({{Lang|ru|Государство атабеков Азербайджана, 1136-1225}} (The atabeks' state of Azerbaijan, 1136-1225)), Baku: Elm | |||
*(1986) ''Gosudarstvo Khorezmshakhov-anushteginidov, 1097-1231'' ({{Lang|ru|Государство Хорезмшахов-ануштегинидов, 1097-1231}} (The state of the Khwarazmshahs-Anushteginids)), Moscow: Nauka | |||
*(1987) ''Istoricheskaya geografiya Azerbaydzhana'' ({{Lang|ru|Историческая география Азербайджана}} (Historical geography of Azerbaijan)), Baku: Elm | |||
*(1990) ''Ot Kavkaza do Berlina'' ({{Lang|ru|От Кавказа до Берлина}} (From the Caucasus to Berlin)), Baku: Azerbaydzhanskoye gos. izdatelstvo. Co-authored with Rizvan Zeynalov | |||
*(1999) ''Izbrannye sochineniya v tryokh tomakh'' ({{Lang|ru|Избранные сочинения в трёх томах}} (Selected works in three volumes)), Baku: Elm | |||
== |
==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|2}} | ||
==External links== | |||
== Selected Publications == | |||
{{Commons category|Ziya Bunyadov}} | |||
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{{Authority control}} | |||
*З. Буниятов. «Азербайджан в VII-IX веках». 1973. Баку | |||
*З. Буниятов. «Государство атабеков Азербайджана: 1136-1225». 1984. Баку | |||
*Yo'av Karny. Highlanders: A Journey to the Caucasus in Quest of Memory, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001 | |||
*Thomas De Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, New York University Press, 2004 | |||
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Latest revision as of 11:48, 6 December 2024
Azerbaijani historian and academic (1923–1997)Ziya Bunyadov | |
---|---|
Born | 21 December 1921 Astara, Transcaucasian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Died | 21 February 1997(1997-02-21) (aged 75) Baku, Azerbaijan |
Allegiance | Soviet Union |
Years of service | 1942–1945 |
Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union Order of Lenin Order of the October Revolution Order of the Red Banner Order of the Patriotic War Medal "For Courage" |
Ziya Musa oglu Bunyadov (Azerbaijani: Ziya Musa oğlu Bünyadov, sometimes spelled in English as Zia Buniatov or Bunyatov; 21 December 1921 in Astara – 21 February 1997) was an Azerbaijani historian, academician, and Vice-President of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. As a historian, he also headed the Institute of History of the Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences for many years. Bunyadov was a World War II veteran and Hero of the Soviet Union, which was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union.
Life
Ziya Bunyadov was born on 21 December 1921 in the town of Astara in Azerbaijan. His father, originally from Bibiheybat village of Baku, was a customs officer and, due to his work, the Bunyadov family changed their residence several times. After finishing secondary school in Goychay in 1939, he joined Baku Military School. In 1942 he was sent to World War II to fight on the Caucasus Front, near the town of Mozdok. Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star), the official newspaper of the Soviet Army, wrote about Bunyadov in 1942: "sly, swift as a tiger, the intelligence officer Ziya Bunyadov, who under improbable conditions, in the most complex situation could clearly orient himself, bring precise data about the number, armament and location of the enemy. He was valued in the battalion for his romantic soul and literary erudition" . He went on to fight on the European Front and participated in the Soviet capture of Warsaw and Berlin.
Ziya Bunyadov was awarded the Soviet Union's highest military honor, Hero of the Soviet Union, for his actions in the battle over a bridge on Pilica river in Poland on 14 January 1945, resulting in 100 enemy fatalities and 45 enemy prisoners taken. As well as this medal, for his participation and heroism in World War II Bunyadov was also awarded the honors Red Banner, Red Star, Alexander Nevsky, and 2nd degree Patriotic War. For a year after the end of war, he was deputy military commandant of the Pankow district of Berlin.
Academic career
After the war, Bunyadov graduated from the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies and in 1954 defended his doctorate dissertation. He returned to Baku and started working at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. Here he progressed from the position of research associate to chief scientist, head of the Institute of History, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and then finally full academician and vice-president of the Academy of Sciences. He was the author and editor of numerous monographs, books, and articles on the history of Caucasus.
Soviet orientalist and journalist Farid Seyful-Mulukov noted regarding Bunyadov's translation of the Quran: "He was an outstanding scholar. Quran translation requires excellent knowledge of the Arabic language and few dare to embark upon that job. Ziya Bunyadov managed to do excellent translation of the Holy Book."
Death
On 21 February 1997, Bunyadov was assassinated at the entrance to his apartment in Baku. Though the official state investigation placed the responsibility on a group of Islamic extremists, many of whom received life sentences, the culprits and circumstances of Bunyadov's murder remained mysterious. According to John W. Parker, chief of the Division for Caucasus and Central Asia within the U.S. State Department, Bunyadov's murderers were trained in Iran. He was buried at the Alley of Honor.
Critics
Bunyadov researched ancient and medieval Azerbaijani historiography, specializing in Caucasian Albania and Azerbaijan during the Arab caliphate rule, concentrating on events from the 7th–19th centuries AD. In different areas, Bunyadov's work has met severe criticism. According to journalist Thomas de Waal:
Buniatov's academy reissued thirty thousand copies of a forgotten racist tract by the turn of the century Russian polemicist Vasil Velichko; later Buniatov began a poisonous quarrel for which Caucasian Albanians themselves should take none of them blame. Buniatov’s scholarly credentials were dubious. It later transpired that the two articles he published in 1960 and 1965 on Caucasian Albania were direct plagiarism. Under his own name, he had simply published, unattributed, translations of two articles, originally written in English by Western scholars C.F.J. Dowsett and Robert Hewsen.
Bunyadov is also known for his article, "Why Sumgait?", on the 1988 pogrom against Armenians in the town of Sumgait. Thomas de Waal calls Bunyadov "Azerbaijan’s foremost Armenophobe," and says, "Buniatov concluded that the Sumgait pogroms had been planned by the Armenians themselves in order to discredit Azerbaijan and boost the Armenian nationalist cause." (See Sumgait pogrom#Conspiracy theories in Azerbaijan.)
According to Russian historian Victor Schnirelmann, Bunyadov "purposefully tried 'to clear' the territories of modern Azerbaijan from the presence of Armenian history". "Another way is to underestimate the presence of Armenians in ancient and medieval Transcaucasia and to belittle their role by reprinting antique and medieval sources with denominations and replacements of the 'Armenian state' term to 'the Albanian state' or with other distortions of original texts. In the 1960s to 1990s there were many such reprintings of primary sources in Baku, where academician Z. M. Bunyadov was actively engaged".
Soviet academic Igor Diakonoff wrote that Bunyadov become infamous for a scientific edition of "a historical source from where all mentions on Armenians have been carefully eliminated".
Historians Willem Floor and Hasan Javadi charged Bunyadov for making "an incomplete and defective Russian translation of Bakikhanov's text . Not only has he not translated any of the poems in the text, but he does not even mention that he has not done so, while he does not translate certain other prose parts of the text without indicating this and why. This is in particular disturbing because he suppresses, for example, the mention of territory inhabited by Armenians, thus not only falsifying history, but also not respecting Bakikhanov's dictum that a historian should write without prejudice, whether religious, ethnic, political or otherwise".
Some of Bunyadov's research is discussed by Western journalist and author Yo'av Karny.
As part of the Soviet Union's nation-building efforts, the Iranian Babak Khorramdin, who followed the teaching of the Iranian Zoroastrian priest Mazdak with its pseudo-Communist and socialist themes, was proclaimed a national hero in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic; Bunyadov, within this context, claimed that "Babak was a national hero of Azerbaijani people". The Russian ethnologist, historian and anthropologist Victor Schnirelmann dismisses Bunyadov's theory, criticizing Bunyadov for not mentioning that Babak spoke Persian, and ignoring the witness accounts of Babak's contemporaries who call him Persian.
Honours and awards
- Hero of the Soviet Union
- Order of Lenin
- Order of the Red Banner
- Order of the Red Star
- Order of the Patriotic War 1st class
- Order of the October Revolution
Selected publications
- (1965) Azerbaydzhan v VII-IX vekakh (Азербайджан в VII-IX веках (Azerbaijan in the 7th–9th centuries)), Baku: Izdatelstvo AN Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR
- (1978) Gosudarstvo atabekov Azerbaydzhana, 1136-1225 (Государство атабеков Азербайджана, 1136-1225 (The atabeks' state of Azerbaijan, 1136-1225)), Baku: Elm
- (1986) Gosudarstvo Khorezmshakhov-anushteginidov, 1097-1231 (Государство Хорезмшахов-ануштегинидов, 1097-1231 (The state of the Khwarazmshahs-Anushteginids)), Moscow: Nauka
- (1987) Istoricheskaya geografiya Azerbaydzhana (Историческая география Азербайджана (Historical geography of Azerbaijan)), Baku: Elm
- (1990) Ot Kavkaza do Berlina (От Кавказа до Берлина (From the Caucasus to Berlin)), Baku: Azerbaydzhanskoye gos. izdatelstvo. Co-authored with Rizvan Zeynalov
- (1999) Izbrannye sochineniya v tryokh tomakh (Избранные сочинения в трёх томах (Selected works in three volumes)), Baku: Elm
References
- Zerkalo, Baku, 14 March 2007
- John W. Parker, Persian Dreams: Moscow and Tehran Since the Fall of the Shah, (Potomac Books, Inc, 2009), 54. Archived 2013-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
- Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004), pages 152-153, 143
- "Why Sumgayit? (situational analysis)" Archived July 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine January 1989
- Black Garden, by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004), page 42
- "Albanian Myth" (in Russian) / V.A. Shnirelman, "Voyni pamyati. Mifi, identichnost i politika v Zakavkazye", Moscow, Academkniga, 2003
- И. М. Дьяконов. Книга воспоминаний
- The Heavenly Rose-Garden: A History of Shirvan & Daghestan. Abbas-Kuli-Aga Bakikhanov, Willem Floor, Hasan Javadi. - Mage Publishers, 2009 - ISBN 1-933823-27-5. p. xvi
- Yo'av Karny, Highlanders: A Journey to the Caucasus in Quest of Memory, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001
- Adamec, Ludwig W. (2017). Historical Dictionary of Islam (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 70–71.
- Shnirelman, V. A. (2001), The value of the Past: Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia, Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology. pp 123: "Having claimed that, Buniiatov failed to mention that Babek spoke Persian, and ignored the witnesses of contemporaries who called him the 'Persian'".
External links
- Short biography in Azerbaijani
- In memoriam book by Buniyadov's wife
- More on Tahira Bunyadova's book
- Arif Yunusov, "Islam in Azerbaijan", 2004
- Full biography in Russian
- Ziya Bunyadov about participation in World War II
- 1923 births
- 1997 deaths
- People from Astara District
- 20th-century Azerbaijani historians
- Azerbaijani orientalists
- Azerbaijani academics
- Heroes of the Soviet Union
- Deaths by firearm in Azerbaijan
- People murdered in Azerbaijan
- Burials at Alley of Honor
- Recipients of the Istiglal Order
- Translators of the Quran into Azerbaijani
- 20th-century translators
- Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
- Recipients of the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union), 3rd class
- Soviet military personnel of World War II from Azerbaijan
- Soviet historians
- Historical negationism
- Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies alumni