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{{Misplaced Pages subcat guideline|naming conventions|Mongolian|] ]}} {{Subcat guideline|naming convention|Mongolian|WP:MON|WP:RMN|WP:NCMON}}
{{Naming conventions}}
{{Style}}

This page documents the current usage of ] names, and romanization of those names in Misplaced Pages. It complements the general guidelines given by ] and more specifically ], as well as subject specific naming conventions This page documents the current usage of ] names, and romanization of those names in Misplaced Pages. It complements the general guidelines given by ] and more specifically ], as well as subject specific naming conventions


Line 11: Line 10:
* ] (= ruler) instead of ''Khaan'' * ] (= ruler) instead of ''Khaan''
* ] instead of ''Chingis Khaan'' * ] instead of ''Chingis Khaan''
* Gobi (]) instead of ''Govi''. * Gobi (]) instead of ''Govi''.
* ] instead of ''Ulaanbaatar''
* Urga (old name of Ulaanbaatar) instead of ''Örgöö'' (depending on historical time and context) * Urga (old name of Ulaanbaatar) instead of ''Örgöö'' (depending on historical time and context)
* Any person of Mongolian origin who became famous in a different country under a local spelling. * Any person of Mongolian origin who became famous in a different country under a local spelling.


If a name is a composite where one part has a common english version, then all parts get transliterated anyway to maintain consistency (eg. ''Dundgovi'' or ''Govi-Altai''). If a name is a composite where one part has a common English version, then all parts get transliterated anyway to maintain consistency (e.g. ] or ] instead of ''Dundgobi'' or ''Gobi-Altai'').


== Names of Tibetan origin == == Names of Tibetan origin ==
Line 23: Line 21:
== Historic names == == Historic names ==


For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical ], or from other languages (], ], ], ], etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe. For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern Cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical ], or from other languages (], ], ], ], etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe.


== People == == People ==


There are no family names in Mongolia. In conversation, a person is addressed by the given name. Today, the full name consists of the father's name and the given name, in that sequence. The father's name is in genitive form, usually ending in -iin or -yn (eg. Peljid'''iin''' Genden). There are no family names in Mongolia. In conversation, a person is addressed by the given name. Today, the full name consists of the father's name and the given name, in that sequence. The father's name is in genitive form, usually ending in -iin or -yn (e.g. Peljid'''iin''' Genden). In cases where readers are likely to find this confusing (e.g. with sportspeople), the template {{Tl|Family name hatnote}} can be placed at the top of the article to explain the system.


For historic figures (before the 20th century), only the given name is common, for rulers usually with the title Khan. For historic figures (before the 20th century), only the given name is common, for rulers usually with the title Khan.


There are also "clan names" (eg. Borjigin for Genghis Khan), but those have only symbolic significance and are not used to address or name a person. There are also "clan names" (e.g. Borjigin for Genghis Khan), but those have only symbolic significance and are not used to address or name a person.


== Modified BGN/PCGN romanization == == Modified BGN/PCGN romanization ==
The following table describes a method to derive romanization of Mongolian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers. The following table describes a method to derive romanization of Mongolian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers.


We use a modification of the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Mongolian. The modifications have been chosen to make it simpler and more intuitive for native english speakers, and to match ] as closely as reasonable. We use a modification of the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Mongolian. The modifications have been chosen to make it simpler and more intuitive for native English speakers, and to match ] as closely as reasonable.

The result is very similar to the Mongolian national standard MNS 5217:2012.


=== Differences to BGN/PCGN === === Differences to BGN/PCGN ===


* Ё (ё) becomes Yo (yo) * Е (е) becomes Ye (ye)
* З (з) becomes Z (z) * З (з) becomes Z (z)
* Й (й) becomes I (i) * Й (й) becomes I (i)
Line 46: Line 46:
* hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted * hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted
* Ы (ы) becomes Y (y) * Ы (ы) becomes Y (y)
* soft sign Ь (ь) becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative) * soft sign Ь (ь) becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)
* Ю (ю) becomes Yu (yu) * Ю (ю) becomes Yu (yu)


Line 52: Line 52:


* Extra characters Ө (ө) and Ү (ү) * Extra characters Ө (ө) and Ү (ү)
* Е (е) always becomes Ye (ye) * Е (е) always becomes Ye (ye), except for foreign loanwords (e.g. Суп'''е'''рмарк'''е'''т)
* Й (й) becomes I (i) * Й (й) becomes I (i)
* Ж (ж) becomes J (j), following BGN/PCGN * Ж (ж) becomes J (j), following BGN/PCGN
* soft sign Ь (ь) always becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative) * soft sign Ь (ь) always becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)

=== Differences to MNS 5217:2012 ===

* Щ (щ) becomes Shch (shch)
* hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted
* soft sign Ь (ь) remains I (i), but (') is also given as an alternative


===Romanization table=== ===Romanization table===
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #efefef;" |- style="background: #efefef;"
! Russian<br />spelling ! Mongolian<br />spelling
! English<br />romanization ! English<br />romanization
! Examples ! Examples
Line 68: Line 74:
| Б (б) || B (b) || Нацагийн '''Б'''ага'''б'''анди = Natsagiin '''B'''ag'''a'''bandi | Б (б) || B (b) || Нацагийн '''Б'''ага'''б'''анди = Natsagiin '''B'''ag'''a'''bandi
|- |-
| В (б) || V (v) || У'''в'''с аймаг = U'''v'''s province (''aimag'') | В (в) || V (v) || У'''в'''с аймаг = U'''v'''s province (''aimag'')
|- |-
| Г (г) || G (g) || Пэлжидийн '''Г'''эндэн = Peljidiin '''G'''enden | Г (г) || G (g) || Пэлжидийн '''Г'''эндэн = Peljidiin '''G'''enden
Line 78: Line 84:
| Ё (ё) || Yo (yo) || Со'''ё'''мбо бичиг = So'''yo'''mbo script (''bichig'') | Ё (ё) || Yo (yo) || Со'''ё'''мбо бичиг = So'''yo'''mbo script (''bichig'')
|- |-
| Ж (ж) || J (j) || '''Ж'''анлавын Наранцацаралт = '''J'''anlavyn Narantsatsralt | Ж (ж) || J (j) || '''Ж'''анлавын Наранцацаралт = '''J'''anlavyn Narantsatsaralt
|- |-
| З (з) || Z (z) || Баян'''з'''үрх = Bayan'''z'''ürkh | З (з) || Z (z) || Баян'''з'''үрх = Bayan'''z'''ürkh
Line 84: Line 90:
| И (и) || I (i) || Нацаг'''и'''йн Багабанд'''и''' = Natsag'''i'''in Bagaband'''i''' | И (и) || I (i) || Нацаг'''и'''йн Багабанд'''и''' = Natsag'''i'''in Bagaband'''i'''
|- |-
| Й (й) || I (i ) || А'''й'''маг = A'''i'''mag, Хэнти'''й''' = Khenti'''i''' | Й (й) || I (i) || А'''й'''маг = A'''i'''mag, Хэнти'''й''' = Khenti'''i'''
|- |-
| К (к) || K (k) || (only in foreign loan-words) | К (к) || K (k) || (only in foreign loan-words)
Line 96: Line 102:
| О (о) || O (o) || '''О'''рх'''о'''н = '''O'''rkh'''o'''n | О (о) || O (o) || '''О'''рх'''о'''н = '''O'''rkh'''o'''n
|- |-
| Ө (ө) || Ö (Ö) || '''Ө'''рг'''өө''' = '''Ö'''rg'''öö''' | Ө (ө) || Ö (ö) || '''Ө'''рг'''өө''' = '''Ö'''rg'''öö'''
|- |-
| П (п) || P (p) || '''П'''элжидийн Гэндэн = '''P'''eljidiin Genden | П (п) || P (p) || '''П'''элжидийн Гэндэн = '''P'''eljidiin Genden
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| Т (т) || T (t) || Ням-осорын '''т'''уяa = Nyam-Osoryn '''T'''uyaa | Т (т) || T (t) || Ням-осорын '''т'''уяa = Nyam-Osoryn '''T'''uyaa
|- |-
| У (у) || U ( u) || '''У'''лаангом = '''U'''laangom | У (у) || U (u) || '''У'''лаангом = '''U'''laangom
|- |-
| Ү (ү) || Ü (Ü) || Дамдины С'''ү'''хбаатар = Damdiny S'''ü'''khbaatar | Ү (ү) || Ü (ü) || Дамдины С'''ү'''хбаатар = Damdiny S'''ü'''khbaatar
|- |-
| Ф (ф) || F (f) || (only in foreign loan-words) | Ф (ф) || F (f) || (only in foreign loan-words)
Line 126: Line 132:
| Ы (ы) || Y (y) || Ананд'''ы'''н Амар = Anand'''y'''n Amar | Ы (ы) || Y (y) || Ананд'''ы'''н Амар = Anand'''y'''n Amar
|- |-
| Ь (ь) || I (i) / (')|| Дар'''ь'''ганга = Dar'''i'''ganga (also Dar'ganga) | Ь (ь) || I (i) / (&#x27;)|| Дар'''ь'''ганга = Dar'''i'''ganga (also Dar&#x27;ganga)
|- |-
| Э (э) || E (e) || Цахиагийн '''Э'''лб'''э'''гдорж = Tsakhiagiin '''E'''lb'''e'''gdorj, '''Э'''рд'''э'''н'''э'''т = '''E'''rd'''e'''n'''e'''t | Э (э) || E (e) || Цахиагийн '''Э'''лб'''э'''гдорж = Tsakhiagiin '''E'''lb'''e'''gdorj, '''Э'''рд'''э'''н'''э'''т = '''E'''rd'''e'''n'''e'''t
Line 138: Line 144:
Remarks: Remarks:
* The ъ (hard-sign) is rarely used in Mongolian. Sometimes it is incorrectly written as a ь (soft-sign) instead. * The ъ (hard-sign) is rarely used in Mongolian. Sometimes it is incorrectly written as a ь (soft-sign) instead.
* The ь (soft-sign) only appears after consonants at the end of the word (or between two consonants in composite words). It palatalizes the preceding consonant, and is not pronounced itself. For the article name it gets transliterated with an i, the transliteration with an apostrophe should be given as an alternative. * The ь (soft-sign) only appears after consonants at the end of a syllable. It palatalizes the preceding consonant, and is not pronounced itself. For the article name it gets transliterated with an i, the transliteration with an apostrophe should be given as an alternative (use '''&amp;#x27;''' to avoid conflicts with wiki formatting).
* The ь and ъ only appear as lower case characters in normal Text. The uppercase forms are given here for reference, eg. when comparing all-caps text. * The ь and ъ only appear as lower case characters in normal Text. The uppercase forms are given here for reference, e.g. when comparing all-caps text.


== Typography == == Typography ==
As generally with Cyrillic, original language text is ''not'' writen in italics, but enclosed in the ] or ] templates (the latter includes a ]: prefix). As generally with Cyrillic, original language text is ''not'' written in italics, but enclosed in the ] or ] templates (the latter includes a ]: prefix).


Examples: Examples:
:The '''Soyombo script''' ({{lang-mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')... :The '''Soyombo script''' ({{langx|mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')...


:'''Dariganga''' ({{lang-mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar'ganga''')... :'''Dariganga''' ({{langx|mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar&#x27;ganga''')...


Syntax: Syntax:
:<nowiki>The '''Soyombo script''' ({{lang-mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')... </nowiki> :<nowiki>The '''Soyombo script''' ({{langx|mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')... </nowiki>

⚫ :<nowiki>'''Dariganga''' ({{langx|mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar&amp;#x27;ganga''')...</nowiki>


As a side effect, use of those two templates will place the article in the ] ], which is useful for maintenance purposes.
⚫ :<nowiki>'''Dariganga''' ({{lang-mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar'ganga''')...</nowiki>


== See also == == See also ==

Latest revision as of 22:44, 16 October 2024

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    This page documents the current usage of Mongolian language names, and romanization of those names in Misplaced Pages. It complements the general guidelines given by Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions and more specifically Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Cyrillic), as well as subject specific naming conventions

    Discuss proposed changes at Misplaced Pages talk:Naming conventions (Mongolian).

    Use conventional names

    When something has a conventional name in English, use that name instead of transliterating. The most prominent examples include:

    • Khan (= ruler) instead of Khaan
    • Genghis Khan instead of Chingis Khaan
    • Gobi (Gobi Desert) instead of Govi.
    • Urga (old name of Ulaanbaatar) instead of Örgöö (depending on historical time and context)
    • Any person of Mongolian origin who became famous in a different country under a local spelling.

    If a name is a composite where one part has a common English version, then all parts get transliterated anyway to maintain consistency (e.g. Dundgovi or Govi-Altai instead of Dundgobi or Gobi-Altai).

    Names of Tibetan origin

    Some Mongolian names, especially in a religious context, are originally Tibetan. Those may need a case-by-case decision about which original language to use as a basis for romanization.

    Historic names

    For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern Cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical Mongolian script, or from other languages (Turkic, Tungusic, Persian, Chinese, etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe.

    People

    There are no family names in Mongolia. In conversation, a person is addressed by the given name. Today, the full name consists of the father's name and the given name, in that sequence. The father's name is in genitive form, usually ending in -iin or -yn (e.g. Peljidiin Genden). In cases where readers are likely to find this confusing (e.g. with sportspeople), the template {{Family name hatnote}} can be placed at the top of the article to explain the system.

    For historic figures (before the 20th century), only the given name is common, for rulers usually with the title Khan.

    There are also "clan names" (e.g. Borjigin for Genghis Khan), but those have only symbolic significance and are not used to address or name a person.

    Modified BGN/PCGN romanization

    The following table describes a method to derive romanization of Mongolian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers.

    We use a modification of the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Mongolian. The modifications have been chosen to make it simpler and more intuitive for native English speakers, and to match Misplaced Pages:Romanization_of_Russian as closely as reasonable.

    The result is very similar to the Mongolian national standard MNS 5217:2012.

    Differences to BGN/PCGN

    • Е (е) becomes Ye (ye)
    • З (з) becomes Z (z)
    • Й (й) becomes I (i)
    • Х (х) becomes Kh (kh)
    • hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted
    • Ы (ы) becomes Y (y)
    • soft sign Ь (ь) becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)
    • Ю (ю) becomes Yu (yu)

    Differences from Romanization of Russian

    • Extra characters Ө (ө) and Ү (ү)
    • Е (е) always becomes Ye (ye), except for foreign loanwords (e.g. Супермаркет)
    • Й (й) becomes I (i)
    • Ж (ж) becomes J (j), following BGN/PCGN
    • soft sign Ь (ь) always becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)

    Differences to MNS 5217:2012

    • Щ (щ) becomes Shch (shch)
    • hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted
    • soft sign Ь (ь) remains I (i), but (') is also given as an alternative

    Romanization table

    Mongolian
    spelling     		English
    romanization     		Examples
    А (а) A (a) Анандын Амар = Anandyn Amar
    Б (б) B (b) Нацагийн Багабанди = Natsagiin Bagabandi
    В (в) V (v) Увс аймаг = Uvs province (aimag)
    Г (г) G (g) Пэлжидийн Гэндэн = Peljidiin Genden
    Д (д) D (d) Дорнод аймаг = Dornod province (aimag)
    Е (е) Ye (ye) Еэвэн = Yeeven
    Ё (ё) Yo (yo) Соёмбо бичиг = Soyombo script (bichig)
    Ж (ж) J (j) Жанлавын Наранцацаралт = Janlavyn Narantsatsaralt
    З (з) Z (z) Баянзүрх = Bayanzürkh
    И (и) I (i) Нацагийн Багабанди = Natsagiin Bagabandi
    Й (й) I (i) Аймаг = Aimag, Хэнтий = Khentii
    К (к) K (k) (only in foreign loan-words)
    Л (л) L (l) Сэлэнгэ = Selenge
    М (м) M (m) Монгол = Mongol
    Н (н) N (n) Наадам = Naadam
    О (о) O (o) Орхон = Orkhon
    Ө (ө) Ö (ö) Өргөө = Örgöö
    П (п) P (p) Пэлжидийн Гэндэн = Peljidiin Genden
    Р (р) R (r) Ринчиннямын Амаржаргал = Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
    С (с) S (s) Сэлэнгэ = Selenge
    Т (т) T (t) Ням-осорын туяa = Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa
    У (у) U (u) Улаангом = Ulaangom
    Ү (ү) Ü (ü) Дамдины Сүхбаатар = Damdiny Sükhbaatar
    Ф (ф) F (f) (only in foreign loan-words)
    Х (х) Kh (kh) Халх = Khalkh
    Ц (ц) Ts (ts) Цагаан сар = Tsagaan sar
    Ч (ч) Ch (ch) Чойбалсан = Choibalsan
    Ш (ш) Sh (sh) Мишигийн Сономпил = Mishigiin Sonompil
    Щ (щ) Shch (shch) (only in foreign loan-words)
    Ъ (ъ) (omitted) (only rarely used in Mongolian words)
    Ы (ы) Y (y) Анандын Амар = Anandyn Amar
    Ь (ь) I (i) / (') Дарьганга = Dariganga (also Dar'ganga)
    Э (э) E (e) Цахиагийн Элбэгдорж = Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Эрдэнэт = Erdenet
    Ю (ю) Yu (yu) Юмжаагийн Цэдэнбал = Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
    Я (я) Ya (ya) Сүхбаатарын Янжмаа = Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa

    Remarks:

    • The ъ (hard-sign) is rarely used in Mongolian. Sometimes it is incorrectly written as a ь (soft-sign) instead.
    • The ь (soft-sign) only appears after consonants at the end of a syllable. It palatalizes the preceding consonant, and is not pronounced itself. For the article name it gets transliterated with an i, the transliteration with an apostrophe should be given as an alternative (use &#x27; to avoid conflicts with wiki formatting).
    • The ь and ъ only appear as lower case characters in normal Text. The uppercase forms are given here for reference, e.g. when comparing all-caps text.

    Typography

    As generally with Cyrillic, original language text is not written in italics, but enclosed in the {{lang|mn|...}} or {{langx|mn|...}} templates (the latter includes a Mongolian: prefix).

    Examples:

    The Soyombo script (Mongolian: Соёмбо бичиг, soyombo bichig)...
    Dariganga (Mongolian: Дарьганга; also: Dar'ganga)...

    Syntax:

    The '''Soyombo script''' ({{langx|mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')...
    '''Dariganga''' ({{langx|mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar&#x27;ganga''')...

    As a side effect, use of those two templates will place the article in the hidden category Articles containing Mongolian language text, which is useful for maintenance purposes.

    See also

    Category: