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| {{short description|Last stand of the Maratha rearguard against the Adil Shahi forces following the Siege of Panhala}} | {{short description|Last stand of the Maratha rearguard against the Adil Shahi forces following the Siege of Panhala}} | ||
| {{pp-semi-indef}} | {{pp-semi-indef}} | ||
| {{More citations needed|date= |
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
| {{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| | conflict |
| conflict = Battle of Päwan Khind | ||
| | width |
| width = | ||
| | partof |
| partof = | ||
| | image = | |||
| | image = Shivaji Maharaj and Baji Prabhu at Pawan Khind.jpg | |||
| | caption = | |||
| | caption = A 20th century depiction by painter ] of ] and ] at Pawan Khind | |||
| | date |
| date = 13 July 1660 | ||
| | place |
| place = Pavan Khind, ], ], India | ||
| | coordinates |
| coordinates = | ||
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| | territory |
| territory = | ||
| | result |
| result = Inconclusive | ||
| | combatants_header = | | combatants_header = | ||
| | combatant1 |
| combatant1 = ] ] | ||
| | combatant2 |
| combatant2 = ] | ||
| | commander1 |
| commander1 = ]{{KIA}}<br />Fulaji Prabhu Deshpande{{KIA}}<br />Rayaji Bandal {{KIA}}<br />Shambu Singh Jadhav{{KIA}} | ||
| | commander2 |
| commander2 = ]<br>Siddi Jauhar | ||
| | strength1 |
| strength1 = | ||
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| | casualties1 |
| casualties1 = | ||
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| | notes |
| notes = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The ''' |
The '''battle of Pavan Khind''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aː|v|ʌ|n|x|ɪ|n|d|audio=Paawankhind.ogg}} {{Respell|PAAVANKHIND}}) was a rearguard ] that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort ], near the city of ] by the ] general ] and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against ] of the ]. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} | ||
| ==Prelude== | |||
| {{Uncited section|date=March 2022}} | |||
| In 1660, ] was trapped in the fort of ], under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshah army led by an ] General called ]. ] planned to escape to the Maratha fort of Vishalgad. Two Maratha sardars under the Adilshahi General Siddi Jouhar, namely Suryarao Surve and Jaswantrao Dalvi had also encircled the fort of Vishalgad simultaneously. ] waited for months, planning and depleting the Adilshah's food source. | |||
| ], Baji Prabhu, and around 600 of their best troops, would dash through the Adilshahi force at night. A man named ], who resembled ] in appearance, had volunteered to dress like the king and get captured. This bought some additional time due to the confusion over identity, before Siddi Masud realised the error and gave chase. | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ==In popular culture== | ||
| ] made his escape on the dark night of 13 July, with his troops and the Adilshah army was in pursuit with an army of 10,000. It was clear that there was no way to shake off the enemy, and that the Marathas would not simultaneously prevail over both the Moghul garrison at Vishalgad and the chasing Adilshahi army. | |||
| The only option was for a section of the Marathas to stay back and fight the larger Adilshahi forces in a rearguard action, while the rest of the Marathas would carry on to their destination. ] decided to split his forces. Baji Prabhu agreed to face the troops of Bijapur with 300 soldiers. ] told Baji Prabhu that he would hear cannons being fired 5 times from Vishalgad, signaling ]’s safety. The strategic position of Ghod Khind (Horse Pass) was chosen for the defence, as it was very narrow and only a few soldiers could pass at any one time. | |||
| ==Battle== | |||
| {{Story|section|date=February 2020}} | |||
| Baji Prabhu occupied Ghod Khind, blocking the path of the Adilshah troops. His brother Fulaji Prabhu as well as sardars such as Shambusing Jadhav were present with him. Fulaji Prabhu and Shambusing were killed after a gallant and fierce fight. Baji Prabhu was severely wounded but carried on fighting at his station. The Adilshahi army repeatedly tried to break through the defenses of the pass, but were repeatedly repulsed. The unequal battle raged for hours, with the defenders maintaining their positions, but with rapidly depleting numbers. Only a handful of Marathas survived, and around a thousand soldiers of the Adilshahi army became casualties in attempting to take the pass. | |||
| Five hours after the battle started, the cannon fire announcing Shivaji’s safe return to Vishalgad was heard. Almost three hundred Marathas had been killed. Legend has it that a gravely injured Baji Prabhu continued engaging the enemy and held the pass, only laying down his life once he heard the sound of cannon fire. The handful surviving Marathas then retreated and disappeared in the forest as per the plan. | |||
| Shivaji and his 300 soldiers had to break through the encirclement of Suryarao and Jaswantrao at Vishalgadh. A fierce battle ensued in which Shivaji himself fought wearing ] in his both hands. Seeing this fight, the commander of Vishalgadh fort sent help to Shivaji enabling him and his troops to reach the fort safely. Shivaji then fired cannons as a signal for Baji Prabhu to retreat.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sawant|first=Indrajit|title=Parnalparvat Panhalgad}}</ref><ref>(Tarikh-i-Ali, 82-93 ; B. S. 353-357 ; F. R. Rajapur, Kolhapur to Sural, dated 5 June. 1660. Chit. 64 ; Dig. 175-176 ; T. S. I8b-19a.)</ref><ref>"</ref> | |||
| ==Aftermath== | |||
| ] | |||
| The pass, Ghod Khind (Horse Pass) was renamed Pavan Khind (Sacred Pass) in honour of the sacrifice of the 300 Maratha troops and the rest of Shivaji's army was able to escape | |||
| ⚫ | In popular culture | ||
| * The battle was depicted in episodes of ] |
* The battle was depicted in episodes of '']'' | ||
| * In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle titled |
* In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle is titled '']'' directed by Digpal Lanjekar starring ] as ] and Ajay Purkar as ] released on 21 January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/these-character-posters-of-digpal-lanjekars-pawankhind-will-get-you-all-excited-for-the-film/articleshow/88539211.cms|title=THESE character posters of Digpal Lanjekar's 'Pawankhind' will get you all excited for the film|date=28 December 2021|publisher=Times of India|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] | ||
| * ] (1761), A massive historic battle between Maratha empire and ] of ] at ]. ] of Durrani empire ] led the invasion, ] led Maratha army. | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| {{portal bar|war|military}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:21, 12 October 2024
Last stand of the Maratha rearguard against the Adil Shahi forces following the Siege of Panhala
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Battle of Pavan Khind" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Battle of Päwan Khind | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Maratha Army | Bijapur Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Baji Prabhu Deshpande † Fulaji Prabhu Deshpande † Rayaji Bandal † Shambu Singh Jadhav † |
Siddi Masud Siddi Jauhar | ||||||
The battle of Pavan Khind (/pɑːvʌnxɪnd/ PAAVANKHIND) was a rearguard last stand that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur by the Maratha general Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.
In popular culture
- The battle was depicted in episodes of Raja Shivchatrapati
- In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle is titled Pawankhind directed by Digpal Lanjekar starring Chinmay Mandlekar as Shivaji and Ajay Purkar as Baji Prabhu Deshpande released on 21 January.
See also
References
- "THESE character posters of Digpal Lanjekar's 'Pawankhind' will get you all excited for the film". Times of India. 28 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
16°52′N 73°50′E / 16.867°N 73.833°E / 16.867; 73.833
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