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	{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}		{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
	{{Infobox settlement		{{Infobox settlement
	| name = Dundee		| name = Dundee
	| official_name = Dundee City		| native_name = {{native name|gd|Dùn Dè}}
			| settlement_type = ], ] and ]
	| native_name = {{native name|gd|Dùn Dè}}
			| image_skyline = {{multiple image |border=infobox |total_width=280 |image_style=border:1; |perrow=1/2/2
	| native_name_lang =
	| other_name =		|image1 = DundeeSkyline2017.jpg
			|caption1 = Skyline of Dundee from Fife
	| settlement_type = ] and ]
			|image2 = V&A Dundee Near Completion Feb 2018 (Alex Liivet).jpg
			|caption2 = ]
			|image3 = RRS Discovery, Dundee - geograph.org.uk - 3746481.jpg
			|caption3 = '']''
			|image4 = Taybridge from law 02SEP05.jpg
			|caption4 = ]
			|image5 = McManus Galleries Dundee 2017.jpg
			|caption5 = ]
			}}
			| imagesize =
			| image_alt =
			| image_caption =
			| image_flag = Dundee City Flag.png
			| flag_alt =
			| flag_link =
			| image_shield = CoA of Dundee ext.svg
			| shield_alt =
			| shield_link =
			| image_blank_emblem =
			| blank_emblem_size =
			| blank_emblem_type =
			| blank_emblem_link =
			| etymology = {{lang|gd|Dùn Dè}} ('Tay Fort')
			| nickname =
			| motto =
			| image_map = Dundee UK location map.svg
			| map_alt =
			| map_caption = Dundee shown within ]
			| coordinates = {{coord|56.460556|-2.97|region:GB_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
			| subdivision_type = ]
			| subdivision_name = ]
			| subdivision_type1 = ]
			| subdivision_name1 = ]
			| subdivision_type2 =
			| subdivision_name2 =
			| subdivision_type3 = ]
			| subdivision_name3 =
			| subdivision_type4 =
			| subdivision_name4 =
			| established_title = Founded
			| established_date = {{Circa}} 11th century AD
			| established_title1 = ]
			| established_date1 = 1191
			| established_title2 = ]
			| established_date2 = 26 January 1889
			| established_title3 = Unitary authority
			| established_date3 = ]
			| named_for =
			| seat_type = Administrative{{nbsp}}HQ
			| seat = ]
			| parts_type =
			| parts =
			<!-- Government -->
			| government_footnotes = <ref name="Council leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/services/your-council |title=Your Council |website=Dundee City Council |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
			| government_type = ]
			| governing_body = ]
			| leader_title = ]
			| leader_name = {{UK council control|GSS=S12000042}}
			| leader_title1 =
			| leader_name1 =
			| leader_title2 =
			| leader_name2 =
			| leader_title3 = ]
			| leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title=2 MPs
			|] (])
			|] (])
			}}
			| leader_title4 = ]
			| leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list |title=2 MSPs
			|] (])
			|] (])
			}}
			<!-- Area -->
			<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
			| area_footnotes = <ref name="popstats">{{UK subdivision statistics citation}}</ref>
			| area_total_km2 = {{UK subdivision area|GSS=S12000042}}
			| area_land_km2 =
			| area_water_km2 =
			| area_rank = ]
			<!-- Population -->
			| population_footnotes = <ref name="popstats" />
			| population_as_of = {{UK subdivision statistics year}}
			| population_total = {{UK subdivision population|GSS=S12000042}}
			| population_rank = ]
			| population_density_km2 = {{UK subdivision density|GSS=S12000042}}
			| population_demonym = Dundonian
			<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
			| demographics_type1 =
			| demographics1_footnotes =
			| demographics1_title1 =
			| demographics1_info1 =
			<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
			| demographics_type2 =
			| demographics2_footnotes =
			| demographics2_title1 =
			| demographics2_info1 =
			| timezone1 = ]
			| utc_offset1 = +0
			| timezone1_DST = ]
			| utc_offset1_DST = +1
			<!-- Codes -->
			| postal_code_type = ]
			| postal_code = ]1–5
			| area_code_type = ]
			| area_code = 01382
			| iso_code = ]
			| blank1_name = ]
			| blank1_info = S12000042
			| website = {{URL|dundeecity.gov.uk}}
			}}
			'''Dundee''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=dundee.ogg|d|ʌ|n|ˈ|d|iː}}; {{langx|sco|Dundee}}; {{langx|gd|Dùn Dè}} or {{lang|gd|Dùn Dèagh}}, {{IPA-gd|t̪un ˈtʲeː|pron}}) is the ] city in ]. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Dundee}}, giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km<sup>2</sup> (6,420/mi<sup>2</sup>), the ] in Scotland. It lies within the eastern ] on the north bank of the ], which feeds into the ].
	<!-- images, nickname, motto --->| image_skyline = Dundee Picture Collage (new).jpg
	| image_caption = From top, left to right: ] across the ], ] design museum, ], ], ] and Cox's stack in ].
	| image_flag = File:Dundee City Flag.png
	| image_shield = City_of_Dundee_Coat_of_Arms.png
			Under the name of '''Dundee City''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000030215 |title=Dundee City |publisher=] |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727202028/http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000030215 |url-status=live }}</ref> it forms one of the 32 ] used for ]. Within the boundaries of the ] of ], the city developed into a ] in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdca.org.uk/Maritime_IainFlett.html |title=Dundee's Maritime History |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807135634/http://www.fdca.org.uk/Maritime_IainFlett.html |archive-date=7 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rapid expansion was brought on by the ], particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global ] industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/heritage/dundee-jute-and-empire/content-section-3.1 |title=Dundee: Jute and Empire |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075357/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/heritage/dundee-jute-and-empire/content-section-3.1 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> This, along with its other major industries, gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
	<!-- maps and coordinates ------>| nickname = "''The City of Discovery''"
	| pushpin_map = Scotland#Europe
	| pushpin_label_position = right
	| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Scotland
	| coordinates = {{coord|56.462|-2.9707|region:GB_type:city(150000)|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
	| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
	| subdivision_type = ]
	| subdivision_name = United Kingdom
	| subdivision_type2 = Country
	| subdivision_type3 = ]
	| subdivision_type4 = ]
	| subdivision_name2 = Scotland
	| subdivision_name3 = Dundee City
	| subdivision_name4 = Dundee
			With the decline of traditional industry, the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Dundee_Creative%20industries%20support%20for%20growth_13082015.pdf |title=Dundee: Creative Cities |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202723/http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Dundee_Creative%20industries%20support%20for%20growth_13082015.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In pursuit of this, a £1&nbsp;billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30-year period. The ] – the first branch of the ] to operate outside of London – is the main centrepiece of the waterfront project.<ref>{{cite news |last=Urquhart |first=Frank |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/arts/news/v-a-museum-at-dundee-could-see-2016-opening-1-3043218 |title=V&A Museum at Dundee could see 2016 opening |date=13 August 2013 |access-date=6 July 2014 |newspaper=The Scotsman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003057/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/arts/news/v-a-museum-at-dundee-could-see-2016-opening-1-3043218 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vandadundee.org/ |title=Victoria and Albert Dundee |access-date=1 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012450/https://www.vandadundee.org/ |archive-date=2 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Today, Dundee is promoted as "One City, Many Discoveries" in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the ], ]'s Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point.
	<!-- established --------------->| established_title = Founded
	| established_date = {{Circa}} 11th century AD
	| established_title1 = ]
	| established_date1 = 1191
	| established_title2 = ]
	| established_date2 = 1889
			Dundee is an international research and development hub in technology, medicine and life sciences, with technological industries having arrived since the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science in the City {{!}} Welcome to Bio-Dundee |url=https://www.biodundee.co.uk/science-city |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.biodundee.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Associate Feature: Driving growth, saving lives – the University of Dundee blueprint |url=https://www.holyrood.com/comment/view,associate-feature-driving-growth-saving-lives-the-university-of-dundee-blueprint |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Holyrood Website |language=en}}</ref><ref>"Dundee has an international research reputation in the field of biomedical lifesciences and attracts over £50 million per annum in research funding, 90% of which is directed to the biomedical area. All life science and clinical research departments are 5/5*, the highest rating available." - ''''</ref> Dundee was named as a "City of the Future" by ] in 2021, the only UK city to be featured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2021 |title=21 Places of the Future: Where is the future of work? |url=https://www.cognizant.com/en_us/insights/documents/21-places-of-the-future-where-is-the-future-of-work-codex5484.pdf |website=Cognizant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From Dundee to Outer Space: 21 places defining the future of work |url=https://www.intelligentcio.com/eu/2021/05/07/from-dundee-to-outer-space-21-places-defining-the-future-of-work/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Intelligent CIO Europe |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dundee in world's top places of the future {{!}} Digital Dundee |url=https://www.digitaldundee.com/success-story/dundee-worlds-top-places-future |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.digitaldundee.com}}</ref> Dundee has also been a leading city in ]s, having one of the largest fleets of electric vehicles in the country. The city was named as the electric vehicle capital of Europe in 2018, and it has continuously been branded as the electric vehicle capital of Scotland and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-06 |title=Dundee has become the first city in Europe to introduce retractable EV chargers |url=https://www.dundeeculture.com/post/dundee-has-become-the-first-city-in-europe-to-introduce-retractable-ev-chargers#:~:text=Dundee%20was%20named%20the%20electric,making%20it%20more%20environmentally%20friendly. |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Dundee Culture |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huband |first=Graham |date=2019-01-14 |title=Dundee Matters: City powers up as electric vehicle capital of Scotland |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/806092/dundee-matters-city-powers-up-as-electric-vehicle-capital-of-scotland/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The Courier |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=Electric vehicles will change how cities look. Just ask the Scottish city of Dundee |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/dundee-scotland-electric-vehicle-infrastruture-1.6246018 |website=CBC News}}</ref>
	<!-- government type, leaders -->| government_footnotes =
	| governing_body = ]
	| leader_title = ]
	| leader_name = Bill Campbell
	| leader_title1 = Leader of Dundee City Council
	| leader_name1 = ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/video-new-council-leader-reveals-dundee-football-team-tele-qa/|title=VIDEO: New council leader reveals the Dundee team he supports in Tele Q&A|date=n.d.|via=eveningtelegraph.co.uk|access-date=4 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063212/https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/video-new-council-leader-reveals-dundee-football-team-tele-qa/|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
	| total_type = Total
			In 2014, Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first ] City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-30275768 |title=Dundee awarded UK's first Unesco City of Design status |work=BBC News |date=December 2014 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010065358/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-30275768 |archive-date=10 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-wins-city-of-design-status-from-unesco-1.712577 |title=Dundee wins City of Design status from UNESCO |work=The Courier |date=December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203204944/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-wins-city-of-design-status-from-unesco-1.712577 |archive-date=3 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/unesco-hails-dundee-with-city-of-design-award-1-3621185 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141201193053/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/unesco-hails-dundee-with-city-of-design-award-1-3621185 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 December 2014 |title=Dundee the UK's first Unesco 'City of Design' |work=The Scotsman }}</ref> Since 2015, Dundee's international profile has risen. '']'' magazine named Dundee the "Coolest Little City in Britain" in 2015 and '']'' ranked Dundee at number 5 on its "Worldwide Hot Destinations" list for 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-41761399 |title=Dundee named worldwide 'hot destination' by Wall Street Journal |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2017 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313110548/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-41761399 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	<!-- area ---------------------->| area_footnotes = <ref name="population" />
	| area_total_km2 = 60
			==Etymology==
	<!-- elevation ----------------->| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="population" />
			The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common ] place-name element ''dun'', meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic ''dè'', meaning 'fire'.<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|1926|p=220}}; Dundee is also recorded as ''Dun-Tay'', e.g. {{harvnb|Pont|1583–1596 }}</ref>
	| elevation_m = 18
			== History ==
	<!-- population ---------------->| population_total = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Dundee}}
			{{main|History of Dundee|Timeline of Dundee history}}
	| population_as_of = {{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlement}}
			===Early history===
	| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref>
	| population_density_km2 = 2,478
	| population_rank = ]
	| population_urban = {{Scottish settlement populations|name|POP=Dundee}}
	| population_metro = 264,890<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web |url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en|title=Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas|publisher=]|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220100106/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en |archive-date=20 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
	| population_blank2_title = Language(s)
	| population_blank2 = ]<br />]
			While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant,<ref>The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from the ]: {{harvnb|Mathewson|1879}}; {{harvnb|RCAHMS Canmore database: Dundee, Stannergate }}</ref> Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of ]'s charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, ] (later ]) in the late 12th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|2003|p=266 }}</ref> The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|pp=20–21}}; {{harvnb|Turnock|1982|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=23–24 }}</ref> The earldom was passed down to David's descendants, amongst whom was ]. The town became a ] on John's coronation as king in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24">{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|p=24 }}</ref> The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the ] and recaptured by ] in early 1312.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1965|pp=272, 374 }}</ref> The original burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=30–32, 207–208 }}</ref>
	<!-- time zone(s) -------------->| population_demonym = Dundonian
	| timezone1 = ]
	| utc_offset1 = ±0
	| timezone1_DST = ]
	| utc_offset1_DST = +1
			]]]
	<!-- postal codes, area code --->| postal_code_type = ]
	| postal_code = ]
	| area_code = 01382
			The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as the ] of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of ] from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|pp=9–10}}; {{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=263, 292, 304, 360–361 }}</ref> In 1645, during the ], Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist ].<ref>{{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=27–28}}; {{harvnb|Reid|1990|pp=97–99}}; {{harvnb|Cowan|1995|pp=195–198}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=61–63 }}</ref> The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by ] in 1651.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=32–38}}; {{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=28–30}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=63–64 }}</ref> The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the ] cause when ] raised the ] standard on the ] in 1689.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|1980|p=30}}; {{harvnb|Patrick|2009|pp=85–88 }}</ref> The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715–16 rising, and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne, ] (the Old Pretender), made a public entry into the town. Many in Scotland, including many in Dundee, regarded him as the rightful king.<ref>J. Baynes, ''The Jacobite Rising of 1715'' (1970), p. 166</ref>
	<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->| website = {{URL|https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk}}
	| etymology = ] – ''{{lang|gd|Dùn Dè}}'' (Tay Fort)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=412 |title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2011 |access-date=7 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817153450/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=412 |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	| pushpin_label = Dundee
	| leader_title2 = ]
	| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title=] |]&nbsp;(SNP) |]&nbsp;(SNP)}}
	| leader_title3 = ]
	| leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title=] |]&nbsp;(SNP) |]&nbsp;(SNP)}}
			A notable resident of Dundee was Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, ] (1 July 1731 to 4 August 1804). He was born in Dundee on 1 July 1731, the son of Alexander Duncan of Lundie, Provost of Dundee. Adam was educated in Dundee and later joined the Royal Navy on board the sloop Trial. He rose to be admiral and in October 1797 defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem). This was seen as one of the most significant actions in naval history.<ref>Laughton, John Knox (1888). "Duncan, Adam". In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 159–161</ref>
	<!-- display settings --------->| blank_name = ]
	| blank_info = GB-DND
	| blank1_name = ]
	| blank1_info = S12000042
	| blank2_name = ]
	| blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|NO4030}}
	| blank3_name = ] 3
	| blank3_info = UKM21
	| blank4_name = Primary airport
	| blank4_info = ]
	<!-- website, footnotes -------->}}
	'''Dundee''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=dundee.ogg|d|ʌ|n|ˈ|d|iː}}; {{lang-sco|Dundee}}; {{lang-gd|Dùn Dè}} or {{lang|gd|Dùn Dèagh}}, {{IPA-gd|t̪un ˈtʲeː|pron}}) is Scotland's ] and the ] in the United Kingdom. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Dundee}}, giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km<sup>2</sup> or 6,420/sq mi, the ] in Scotland. It lies within the eastern ] on the north bank of the ], which feeds into the ]. Under the name of '''Dundee City''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000030215|title=Dundee City|publisher=]|access-date=24 July 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727202028/http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000030215|url-status=live}}</ref> it forms one of the 32 ] used for ].
			===18th and 19th centuries===
	Within the boundaries of the ] of ], the city developed into a ] in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdca.org.uk/Maritime_IainFlett.html |title=Dundee's Maritime History |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807135634/http://www.fdca.org.uk/Maritime_IainFlett.html |archive-date=7 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rapid expansion was brought on by the ], particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global ] industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/heritage/dundee-jute-and-empire/content-section-3.1 |title=Dundee: Jute and Empire |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075357/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/heritage/dundee-jute-and-empire/content-section-3.1 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> This, along with its other major industries, gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
			The economy of medieval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|Swinfen|Smith|1993|pp=28–30 }}</ref> Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success: the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-storey mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on ] linen produced for export.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=274}}; {{harvnb|Whatley|1992|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Durie|1979|pp=27, 52, 146–147 }}</ref> Expansion of the ] industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skill base.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=275 }}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248">{{harvnb|Smout|1998|pp=240–248 }}</ref>
	Today, Dundee is promoted as "One City, Many Discoveries" in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the ], ]'s Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's ] industry, including mobile app development and gaming. Dundee has two universities – the ] and ]. In 2014, Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first ] City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-30275768|title=Dundee awarded UK's first Unesco City of Design status|work=BBC News|date=December 2014|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010065358/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-30275768|archive-date=10 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-wins-city-of-design-status-from-unesco-1.712577|title=Dundee wins City of Design status from UNESCO|work=The Courier|date=December 2014|access-date=1 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203204944/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-wins-city-of-design-status-from-unesco-1.712577|archive-date=3 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/unesco-hails-dundee-with-city-of-design-award-1-3621185|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141201193053/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/unesco-hails-dundee-with-city-of-design-award-1-3621185|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2014|title=Dundee the UK's first Unesco 'City of Design'|work=The Scotsman}}</ref>
			The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for cheaper, tough fabrics.<ref>{{harvnb|Durie|1979|p=169 }}</ref> The discovery that the dry fibres of ] could be lubricated with ] (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax.<ref>{{harvnb|Turnock|1982|pp=60, 122}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=14}}; {{harvnb|Watson|2004|p=94 }}</ref> Interruption of ]n flax imports during the ] and of cotton during the ] resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|pp=23–24}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|p=1}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=48 }}</ref> Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, led to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|pp=117–118}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Heritage Trust|1998|pp=1–3 }}</ref> Cox Brothers, who owned the massive ] in ], were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5,000 workers.<ref name="MS6">{{cite web |title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers |url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=((text)=%27cox%20brothers%27) |work=Archive Services Online Catalogue |publisher=] |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206030933/http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=((text)=%27cox%20brothers%27) |archive-date=6 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional ] clubs, ] and ], have stadiums all but adjacent to each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dundeefc.co.uk/the-club/dens-park|title=Dens Park|publisher=Dundee Football Club|access-date=7 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715191450/http://www.dundeefc.co.uk/the-club/dens-park|archive-date=15 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries,<ref>{{harvnb|Jackson|Kinnear|1990|pp=16–22 }}</ref> and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Kenefick|2000|pp=38–50 }}</ref> At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including ]'s Antarctic research vessel, the {{ship|RRS|Discovery}}. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Huntford|1986|p=47 }}</ref> A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with ]. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.<ref name="whaling">{{harvnb|Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships }}</ref>
	With the decline of traditional industry, the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Dundee_Creative%20industries%20support%20for%20growth_13082015.pdf |title=Dundee: Creative Cities |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202723/http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Dundee_Creative%20industries%20support%20for%20growth_13082015.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In pursuit of this, a £1&nbsp;billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30-year period. The ] – the first branch of the ] to operate outside of London – is the main centre piece of the waterfront project.<ref>{{cite news|last=Urquhart|first=Frank|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/arts/news/v-a-museum-at-dundee-could-see-2016-opening-1-3043218|title=V&A Museum at Dundee could see 2016 opening|date=13 August 2013|access-date=6 July 2014|newspaper=The Scotsman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003057/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/arts/news/v-a-museum-at-dundee-could-see-2016-opening-1-3043218|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vandadundee.org/ |title=Victoria and Albert Dundee |access-date=1 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012450/https://www.vandadundee.org/ |archive-date=2 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			] (from the south) the day after the disaster. The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end.]]
			While the city's economy was dominated by the jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were ], established in 1795, which pioneered commercial ] production,<ref>{{harvnb|Mathew|1998|p=12 }}</ref> and the publishing firm ], which was founded in the city in 1905. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
	In recent years, Dundee's international profile has risen. '']'' magazine named Dundee the "Coolest Little City in Britain" in 2015 and '']'' ranked Dundee at number 5 on its "Worldwide Hot Destinations" list for 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-41761399 |title=Dundee named worldwide 'hot destination' by Wall Street Journal |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2017 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313110548/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-41761399 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the ]. The first ] was opened in 1878. It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2004|p=69 }}</ref> The ] came in 1906, reportedly sending "rivers of burning whisky" through the street.
	== History ==
	{{main|History of Dundee}}
	The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common ] place-name element ''dun'', meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic ''dè'', meaning 'fire'.<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|1926|p=220}}; Dundee is also recorded as ''Dun-Tay'', e.g. {{harvnb|Pont|1583–96}}</ref>
	]]]
	While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant,<ref>The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from the ]: {{harvnb|Mathewson|1879}}; {{harvnb|RCAHMS Canmore database: Dundee, Stannergate}}</ref> Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of ]'s charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, ] (later ]) in the late 12th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|2003|p=266}}</ref> The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|pp=20–21}}; {{harvnb|Turnock|1982|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=23–24}}</ref> The earldom was passed down to David's descendants, amongst whom was ]. The town became a ] on John's coronation as king in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24">{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|p=24}}</ref> The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the ] and recaptured by ] in early 1312.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1965|pp=272, 374}}</ref> The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=30–32, 207–208}}</ref>
	The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as the ] of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of ] from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|pp=9–10}}; {{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=263, 292, 304, 360–361}}</ref> In 1645, during the ], Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist ].<ref>{{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=27–28}}; {{harvnb|Reid|1990|pp=97–99}}; {{harvnb|Cowan|1995|pp=195–198}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=61–63}}</ref> The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by ] in 1651.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=32–38}}; {{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=28–30}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=63–64}}</ref> The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the ] cause when ] raised the ] standard on the ] in 1689.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|1980|p=30}}; {{harvnb|Patrick|2009|pp=85–88}}</ref> The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715–16 rising, and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne, ] (the Old Pretender), made a public entry into the town. Many in Scotland, including many in Dundee, regarded him as the rightful king.<ref>J. Baynes, ''The Jacobite Rising of 1715'' (1970), p. 166</ref>
	A notable resident of Dundee was Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, ] (1 July 1731 to 4 August 1804). He was born in Dundee on 1 July 1731, the son of Alexander Duncan of Lundie, Provost of Dundee. Adam was educated in Dundee and later joined the Royal Navy on board the sloop Trial. He rose to be admiral and in October 1797 defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem). This was seen as one of the most significant actions in naval history.<ref>Laughton, John Knox (1888). "Duncan, Adam". In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 159–161</ref>
	The economy of mediaeval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|Swinfen|Smith|1993|pp=28–30}}</ref> Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success: the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-storey mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on ] linen produced for export.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=274}}; {{harvnb|Whatley|1992|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Durie|1979|pp=27, 52, 146–147}}</ref> Expansion of the ] industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skill base.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=275}}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248">{{harvnb|Smout|1998|pp=240–248}}</ref>
	The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for cheaper, tough fabrics.<ref>{{harvnb|Durie|1979|p=169}}</ref> The discovery that the dry fibres of ] could be lubricated with ] (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax.<ref>{{harvnb|Turnock|1982|pp=60, 122}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=14}}; {{harvnb|Watson|2004|p=94}}</ref> Interruption of ]n flax imports during the ] and of cotton during the ] resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|pp=23–24}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|p=1}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=48}}</ref> Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, led to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|pp=117–118}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Heritage Trust|1998|pp=1–3}}</ref> Cox Brothers, who owned the massive ] in ], were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5,000 workers.<ref name="MS6">{{cite web|title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers|url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=((text)=%27cox%20brothers%27)|work=Archive Services Online Catalogue|publisher=]|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206030933/http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=((text)=%27cox%20brothers%27)|archive-date=6 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
	The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries,<ref>{{harvnb|Jackson|Kinnear|1990|pp=16–22}}</ref> and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Kenefick|2000|pp=38–50}}</ref> At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including ]'s Antarctic research vessel, the {{ship|RRS|Discovery}}. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Huntford|1986|p=47}}</ref> A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with ]. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.<ref name="whaling">{{harvnb|Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships}}</ref>
	] (from the south) the day after the disaster. The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end.]]
			===20th and 21st centuries===
	While the city's economy was dominated by the jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were ], established in 1795, which pioneered commercial ] production,<ref>{{harvnb|Mathew|1998|p=12}}</ref> and the publishing firm ], which was founded in the city in 1905. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
			The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in ].<ref>{{harvnb|Roul|2009|p=103}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|pp=16–17}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|2011|p=37 }}</ref> This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period,<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|1990|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=166 }}</ref> but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like ] and ], and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.<ref>{{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=169}}; {{harvnb|Cortada|1993|p=237}}; {{harvnb|Knox|McKinlay|2011|p=266 }}</ref>
	The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the ]. The first ] was opened in 1878. It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2004|p=69}}</ref> The ] came in 1906, reportedly sending "rivers of burning whisky" through the street.
			Dundee was the first city in Scotland to gain official ], after ] signed a patent announcing the transition of Dundee from a royal burgh into a city. Dundee would officially gain city status on 26 January 1889. The patent still exists and is kept in storage in the city archives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Milne |first=Scott |date=26 January 2024 |title=Dundee celebrates 135 years as Scotland's oldest city — and here's why |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/815091/dundee-is-scotlands-oldest-city/ |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=The Courier |language=en-GB }}</ref>
	The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in ].<ref>{{harvnb|Roul|2009|p=103}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|pp=16–17}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|2011|p=37}}</ref> This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period,<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|1990|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=166}}</ref> but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like ] and ], and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.<ref>{{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=169}}; {{harvnb|Cortada|1993|p=237}}; {{harvnb|Knox|McKinlay|2011|p=266}}</ref>
	A £1&nbsp;billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30-year period between 2001 and 2031.<ref name="Dundee Waterfront">{{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=100}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Waterfront Brochure}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001–2031}}</ref> The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; to improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree-lined boulevards; and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge. A new ] opened on 15 September 2018.		A £1&nbsp;billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30-year period between 2001 and 2031.<ref name="Dundee Waterfront">{{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=100}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Waterfront Brochure}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001–2031 }}</ref> The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; to improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree-lined boulevards; and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge. A new ] opened on 15 September 2018. A new ] attraction is also set to open in Dundee by the 2030s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2024 |title=Eden Project Dundee given the green light as planning application is approved {{!}} Eden Project |url=https://www.edenproject.com/media-relations/eden-project-dundee-given-the-green-light-as-planning-application-is-approved |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=www.edenproject.com |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812201322/https://www.edenproject.com/media-relations/eden-project-dundee-given-the-green-light-as-planning-application-is-approved |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2024 |title=£130m Dundee Eden Project set for approval |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crggpy12er9o |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812201321/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crggpy12er9o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Batchelor |first=Andrew |date=17 June 2024 |title=Eden Project has officially been given the green light |url=https://www.dundeeculture.com/post/eden-project-has-officially-been-given-the-green-light |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=Dundee Culture |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812201322/https://www.dundeeculture.com/post/eden-project-has-officially-been-given-the-green-light |url-status=live }}</ref>
	== Governance ==		== Governance ==
	{{main|Politics of Dundee}}		{{main|Politics of Dundee}}
	]		], where the city council meets]]
			=== Representation ===
	Dundee was granted ] status on the coronation of ] as King of Scotland in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24"/> The city has two mottos – {{lang-la|Dei Donum}} (''Gift of God'') and ''Prudentia et Candore'' (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.<ref>{{harvnb|Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities}}; the apocryphal toponym ''Dei Donum'' was applied by ] in the sixteenth century: {{harvnb|Ferguson|1998|pp=60–61}}</ref>
			Dundee City is one of 32 ], administered by ].<ref name="localgovact" /> The council meets at ] in City Square and has its mains offices at ] on North Lindsay Street. The civic head and chair of the council is the ]. The council area is also divided into eighteen ], three of which (], ], and ]) had community councils operating as at August 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Community Councils and Community Groups |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/service-area/neighbourhood-services/communities-safety-and-protection/community-councils-and-community-groups |website=Dundee City Council |access-date=9 August 2024 }}</ref>
			For elections to the ] at ], the city area and portions of the ] council area are divided into two ].<ref name="borders">{{harvnb|Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies }}</ref> The constituencies of ] and ] are represented by ] (]){{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} and ] (Scottish National Party), respectively, both of whom were elected and re-elected respectively at the ]. For elections to the ] at ], the city area is divided across three constituencies. The ] and the ] are entirely within the city area. The ] includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.<ref name="borders" /> All three constituencies are within the ]: ] (SNP) is the ] (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency;<ref>{{harvnb|Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East }}</ref> ] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency<ref>{{harvnb|Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West }}</ref> and ] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.<ref>{{harvnb|Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South }}</ref>
	Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the ]. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of ] (which included ]) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the ].<ref name="localgovact">{{harvnb|Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994}}</ref> This placed ] and ] in the unitary authorities of ] and ], largely reinstating the pre-1975 ] boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.<ref>{{harvnb|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan|2005}}</ref>
			] for Dundee from ] to ].
	=== Local government ===
	], where the city council meets]]
			===Administrative history===
	Dundee is one of 32 ],<ref name="localgovact" /> and is represented by the Dundee City Council – a local council composed of 29 elected ]s. Previously the city was a ] and later a ] of the ] ]. Council meetings take place in the ], which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the ], a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. The political head of the council is known as the Leader of the council or Leader of the Administration. The Leader chairs the Policy & Resources Committee. ], the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011.<ref name=DDHouse>{{harvnb|Dundee House}}</ref> This has replaced ] which was demolished in 2013 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.<ref name=DDHouse/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|title=Bye-bye Tayside House — 'Muncher' completes its work|date=12 July 2013|access-date=6 July 2014|work=The Courier|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170309/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
			]
			Dundee appears to have been made a ] sometime between 1181 and 1195.<ref name=Milne>{{cite news |last1=Milne |first1=Scott |title=Dundee celebrates 135 years as Scotland's oldest city - and here's why |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/815091/dundee-is-scotlands-oldest-city/ |access-date=6 August 2024 |work=The Courier |date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806083059/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/815091/dundee-is-scotlands-oldest-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was then raised to ] status on the coronation of ] as King of Scotland in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24"/> The city has two mottos: {{langx|la|Dei Donum}} ('Gift of God') and {{lang|la|Prudentia et Candore}} ('With Thought and Purity') although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.<ref>{{harvnb|Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities}}. The apocryphal toponym {{lang|la|Dei Donum}} was applied by ] in the 16th century: {{harvnb|Ferguson|1998|pp=60–61 }}</ref>
			Dundee was declared a city in 1889, being the first Scottish place to have the title of city explicitly conferred on it rather than assuming it by customary usage.<ref name=Milne/> In 1894, Dundee was made a ], removing it from ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Corporation Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c.lxxiv) |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/57-58/74/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=5 February 2023 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205100545/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/57-58/74/contents/enacted |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's boundaries were enlarged on numerous occasions, notably in 1913 when it absorbed the neighbouring burgh of ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Burgh Extension Act 1831 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4/1-2/46/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=6 August 2024 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806080055/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4/1-2/46/contents/enacted |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Boundaries Act 1913 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo5/3-4/80/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=6 August 2024 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806080055/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo5/3-4/80/contents/enacted |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Scottish County of City |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10262847#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=6 August 2024 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806080055/https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10262847#tab02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Elections to the council are normally on a four-year cycle. The most recent election took place on ]. Since 2007, the ] has meant that there are eight multi-member wards which elect three or four councillors by ], to produce a form of ].<ref>{{harvnb|Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004}}</ref> The ] gave the SNP overall control of the council with 16 seats. However, the 2017 contest saw the SNP lose their majority, although they remained the largest party with 14 councillors.<ref name="2017election">{{cite news|last1=Lord|first1=Dave|title=Council elections: SNP lose majority in Dundee|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/420153/council-elections-snp-lose-majority-dundee/|access-date=5 May 2017|work=The Courier|publisher=D C Thomson Co Ltd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194216/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/420153/council-elections-snp-lose-majority-dundee/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Scotland's longest-serving councillor, ], sits on the council.
			From 1975 to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council, one of three district-level authorities within the ] region. The district was created under the ] and covered a larger area than the pre-1975 city, taking in the burgh of ] and most of the ] of Monifieth (covering a number of villages north of Dundee) from Angus, and the parish of ] (which included ]) from ].<ref>{{cite legislation UK |type=act |act=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 |year=1973 |chapter=65 |access-date=6 August 2024 }}</ref> In 1996, the Dundee City council area was created under the ].<ref name="localgovact">{{harvnb|Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 }}</ref> Monifieth and the villages north of Dundee itself were transferred back to Angus, and the Longforgan area (including Invergowrie) was transferred to ], largely reinstating the pre-1975 boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.<ref>{{harvnb|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan|2005 }}</ref>
	=== Westminster and Holyrood ===
	For elections to the ] at ], the city area and portions of the ] council area are divided in two ].<ref name="borders">{{harvnb|Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies}}</ref> The constituencies of ] and ] are represented by ] (])<ref>{{harvnb|Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East}}</ref> and ] (Scottish National Party), respectively, both of whom were re-elected at the ]. For elections to the ] at ], the city area is divided between three constituencies. The ] and the ] are entirely within the city area. The ] includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.<ref name="borders" /> All three constituencies are within the ]: ] (SNP) is the ] (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency;<ref>{{harvnb|Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East}}</ref> ] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency<ref>{{harvnb|Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West}}</ref> and ] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.<ref>{{harvnb|Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South}}</ref>
			===Independence referendum===
	Dundee was also part of the pan-Scotland ] until 31 January 2020 when the U.K. left the EU. Seven ] (MEP)s were elected using the ] of ].<ref name="list of MEPs in Scotland">{{harvnb|List of MEPs in Scotland}}</ref> In the last European Election Scotland voted, it returned three ] MEPs, one Liberal Democrat MEP, one ] MEP and one Brexit Party MEP, to the ].<ref name="list of MEPs in Scotland" />
			On 18 September 2014, Dundee was one of four council areas to vote "Yes" in the ], with 57.3% voting "Yes" on a 78.8% turnout. With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland, some in the ] campaign nicknamed Dundee the "Yes City", including former First Minister ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Scotland Decides |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/live |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609121516/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/live |archive-date=9 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scottish Independence |work=The Scotsman |url=http://www.scotsman.com/scottish-independence/alex-salmond-dundee-is-scotlands-yes-city/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231234703/http://www.scotsman.com/scottish-independence/alex-salmond-dundee-is-scotlands-yes-city/ |archive-date=31 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	] for Dundee from ] to ].
	==== 2014 Scottish independence referendum ====
	On 18 September 2014, Dundee was one of four council areas to vote "Yes" in the ], with 57.3% voting "Yes" on a 78.8% turnout. With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland, some in the ] campaign nicknamed Dundee the 'Yes City', including former First Minister ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland Decides|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/live|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609121516/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/live|archive-date=9 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish Independence|work=The Scotsman|url=http://www.scotsman.com/scottish-independence/alex-salmond-dundee-is-scotlands-yes-city/|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231234703/http://www.scotsman.com/scottish-independence/alex-salmond-dundee-is-scotlands-yes-city/|archive-date=31 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	== Geography ==		== Geography ==
	]]]		]]]
	Dundee sits on the north bank of the ] on the eastern, ] Coast of Scotland. The city lies {{convert| 36.1|mi|km|0}} ] of ]<ref name="postcode">{{harvnb|UK Postcode to Postcode Calculator}}</ref> and {{convert|360.6|mi|km|0}} ] of London.<ref name="postcode"/> The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape {{convert|8.3|mi|km|0}} long by {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of {{convert|60|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=OSmap/><ref name=popdens>{{harvnb|Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority}}</ref> The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the ] (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between ] and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water ], the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the ], the most prominent hill being ] (455 m).<ref name=OSmap>{{harvnb|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007}}</ref>		Dundee sits on the north bank of the ] on the eastern, ] Coast of Scotland. The city lies {{convert| 36.1|mi|km|0}} ] of ]<ref name="postcode">{{harvnb|UK Postcode to Postcode Calculator }}</ref> and {{convert|360.6|mi|km|0}} ] of London.<ref name="postcode"/> The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape {{convert|8.3|mi|km|0}} long by {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of {{convert|60|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=OSmap/><ref name=popdens>{{harvnb|Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority }}</ref> The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the ] (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between ] and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water ], the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the ], the most prominent hill being ] (455 m).<ref name=OSmap>{{harvnb|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007 }}</ref>
			]
	The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two ] that are tributaries of the ]. On the westernmost boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the ] burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin.<ref name=OSmap/> The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of ] and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between ] and ].<ref name=OSmap/> The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been ]ed over.		The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two ] that are tributaries of the ]. On the westernmost boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the ] burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin.<ref name=OSmap/> The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of ] and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between ] and ].<ref name=OSmap/> The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been ]ed over.
	=== Geology ===		=== Geology ===
	The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil ], and the predominant bedrock type is ] of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group.<ref name=geo>{{harvnb|Bluck|2000|p=422}}; {{harvnb|GeoIndex Onshore}}</ref> ] of a series of ]s has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the ] (a late ]/early ] ] rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a ] rock intrusion of similar age).<ref name=geo/> In the east of the city, in ] and ], the bedrock geology is of ]s, including mafic ] and ].<ref name=geo/>		The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil ], and the predominant bedrock type is ] of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group.<ref name=geo>{{harvnb|Bluck|2000|p=422}}; {{harvnb|GeoIndex Onshore }}</ref> ] of a series of ]s has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the ] (a late ]/early ] ] rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a ] rock intrusion of similar age).<ref name=geo/> In the east of the city, in ] and ], the bedrock geology is of ]s, including mafic ] and ].<ref name=geo/>
	The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city, bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a ] type with some ], the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.<ref>{{harvnb|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982}}</ref>		The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city, bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a ] type with some ], the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.<ref>{{harvnb|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982 }}</ref>
	=== Location ===
	{{Adjacent communities
	| title = Destinations from Dundee
	| Northwest = ], ]
	| North = ]
	| Northeast = ], ''']'''
	| West = ''']'''
	| Centre = DUNDEE
	| East = ], ]
	| Southwest = ''']''', ''']'''
	| South = ], ]
	| Southeast = ]
	}}
	=== Urban environment ===		=== Urban environment ===
	]		]
	Very little of pre-] Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the ] being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=360–361}}</ref> The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; The progress of waterfront development can be seen in the maps of {{harvnb|Wood|1821}}, {{harvnb|Edward|1846}} and {{harvnb|Bartholomew|1912}}</ref> Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (]), Scouring Burn (]) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|p=9}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=8}}</ref> The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}</ref>		Very little of pre-] Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the ] being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=360–361 }}</ref> The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; The progress of waterfront development can be seen in the maps of {{harvnb|Wood|1821}}, {{harvnb|Edward|1846}} and {{harvnb|Bartholomew|1912 }}</ref> Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (]), Scouring Burn (]) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|p=9}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=8 }}</ref> The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296 }}</ref>
	Working-class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas.<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=26}}</ref> Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2011|pp=72–76}}</ref> While gradual improvements and ] began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking ] housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect ], whose legacy also includes the housing estate of ] and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.<ref>{{harvnb|Logie Conservation Area}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|pp=51–52}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=81}}</ref>		Working-class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas.<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=26 }}</ref> Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2011|pp=72–76 }}</ref> While gradual improvements and ] began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking ] housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect ], whose legacy also includes the housing estate of ] and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.<ref>{{harvnb|Logie Conservation Area}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|pp=51–52}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=81 }}</ref>
	Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=85}}</ref> The ], completed in 1966, had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=93}}</ref> An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs, including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=55}}</ref> These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=73–76, 103–106}}; {{harvnb|Glendinning|1997|pp=25, 56}}</ref> Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition.<ref>{{harvnb|Tenants gone, soon multi too}}; {{harvnb|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}}; {{harvnb|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}}; {{harvnb|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided}}</ref>		Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=85 }}</ref> The ], completed in 1966, had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=93 }}</ref> An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs, including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=55 }}</ref> These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=73–76, 103–106}}; {{harvnb|Glendinning|1997|pp=25, 56 }}</ref> Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition.<ref>{{harvnb|Tenants gone, soon multi too}}; {{harvnb|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}}; {{harvnb|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}}; {{harvnb|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided }}</ref>
			{{Location map+|Scotland Dundee
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			|float=right
			|width=450
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			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.46718|-2.86991}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
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			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.483809|-3.044031}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
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			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.470352|-2.928414}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.478605|-2.905886}}|position=right|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.487815|-2.993798}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.478333|-3.022222}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.489131|-2.940241}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.467545|-3.054946}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.468195|-2.975431}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.487867|-2.987304}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.469734|-2.990000}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.473299|-3.011276}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.461687|-3.002853}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.466810|-3.035449}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.489200|-2.954600}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.463190|-3.038596}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.482879|-2.935215}}|position=right|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.493034|-3.015049}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.470093|-2.962495}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.456350|-2.996222}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.488342|-2.925606}}|position=right|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.479936|-2.967615}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}}
			<!-- Nearby settlements -->
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.460303|-3.061237}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.481|-2.820}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.492695|-3.055644}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.505623|-3.013761}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.501263|-2.997399}}|position=right|label='''{{nowrap|]}}'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.485243|-3.086291}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.501913|-2.912940}}|position=top|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.507502|-2.885453}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.505988|-2.844800}}|position=bottom|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.514746|-2.877497}}|position=right|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.411|-03.043}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.424444| -2.979444}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			{{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.44017|-2.94103}}|position=left|label=''']'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}}
			}}
			Areas of Dundee:
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	=== Climate ===		=== Climate ===
	] travelling up the ] by ]|thumb|right]]		] travelling up the ] by ]|thumb|right]]
	The climate, like the rest of lowland Scotland, is ] (] classification Cfb).<ref>{{harvnb|Peel|Finlayson|McMahon|2007}}</ref> Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with the city's sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in spring and summer.<ref>{{harvnb|Regional mapped climate averages}}</ref> The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe, something compensated for by the mild winters, similar to the rest of the British Isles. The nearest official ] weather station is Mylnefield, ] which is about {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of the City Centre.		The climate, like the rest of lowland Scotland, is ] (] classification Cfb).<ref>{{harvnb|Peel|Finlayson|McMahon|2007 }}</ref> Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with the city's sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in spring and summer.<ref>{{harvnb|Regional mapped climate averages }}</ref> The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe, something compensated for by the mild winters, similar to the rest of the British Isles. The nearest official ] weather station is Mylnefield, ] which is about {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of the City Centre.
	A record high of {{convert|29.3|C|F}} was recorded in July 2013.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}} The warmest month was July 2006,<ref>{{harvnb|Jul 2006 Mean}}</ref> with an average temperature of {{convert|17.4|C|F}} (average high {{convert|22.5|C|F}}, average low {{convert|12.3|C|F}}). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach<ref>{{harvnb|1971–2000 average warmest day}}</ref> {{convert|25.2|C|F}}, and in total just 1.86 days<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org">{{cite web|url=http://climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org/listenormale-1991-2020-5-p183.php|title=Climate Data}} {{dead link|date=October 2021}}</ref> should equal or exceed a temperature of {{convert|25.0|C|F}} per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.		A record high of {{convert|29.3|C|F}} was recorded in July 2013.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}} The warmest month was July 2006,<ref>{{harvnb|Jul 2006 Mean }}</ref> with an average temperature of {{convert|17.4|C|F}} (average high {{convert|22.5|C|F}}, average low {{convert|12.3|C|F}}). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach<ref>{{harvnb|1971–2000 average warmest day }}</ref> {{convert|25.2|C|F}}, and in total just 1.86 days<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org">{{cite web |url=http://climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org/listenormale-1991-2020-5-p183.php |title=Climate Data}} {{dead link|date=October 2021 }}</ref> should equal or exceed a temperature of {{convert|25.0|C|F}} per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.
	On average, 4.73 days should record a minimum temperature at or below -5&nbsp;°C and there are 53.26 days of air frost on average. From 1991 to 2020, Mylnefield averaged 0.9 ice days, 50 days with precipitation of more than 5mm and 19.56 days with more than 10mm. The weather station is in plant hardiness zone 10a.<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org"/>		On average, 4.73 days should record a minimum temperature at or below -5&nbsp;°C and there are 53.26 days of air frost on average. From 1991 to 2020, Mylnefield averaged 0.9 ice days, 50 days with precipitation of more than 5mm and 19.56 days with more than 10mm. The weather station is in plant hardiness zone 10a.<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org"/>
	{{Weather box|location = Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1991–2020, extremes 1960–2010, sunshine 1981-2010		{{Weather box|location = Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1991–2020, extremes 1960–2010
	| collapsed =		| collapsed =
	| metric first = y		| metric first = y
Line 215:		Line 324:
	| year record high C = 29.3		| year record high C = 29.3
	| Jan high C = 6.7		| Jan high C = 6.7
	| Feb high C = 7.4		| Feb high C = 7.5
	| Mar high C = 9.6		| Mar high C = 9.5
	| Apr high C = 12.4		| Apr high C = 12.0
	| May high C = 15.4		| May high C = 14.9
	| Jun high C = 17.6		| Jun high C = 17.4
	| Jul high C = 19.5		| Jul high C = 19.4
	| Aug high C = 19.2		| Aug high C = 19.3
	| Sep high C = 17.1		| Sep high C = 16.9
	| Oct high C = 13.2		| Oct high C = 13.1
	| Nov high C = 9.6		| Nov high C = 9.4
	| Dec high C = 7.0		| Dec high C = 6.8
	| year high C =		| year high C =
	| Jan low C = 0.7		| Jan low C = 0.7
	| Feb low C = 0.9		| Feb low C = 1.1
	| Mar low C = 2.1		| Mar low C = 2.3
	| Apr low C = 4.0		| Apr low C = 4.0
	| May low C = 6.5		| May low C = 6.3
	| Jun low C = 9.4		| Jun low C = 9.2
	| Jul low C = 11.1		| Jul low C = 11.0
	| Aug low C = 10.8		| Aug low C = 10.8
	| Sep low C = 9.1		| Sep low C = 9.0
	| Oct low C = 6.5		| Oct low C = 6.2
	| Nov low C = 3.0		| Nov low C = 3.0
	| Dec low C = 0.7		| Dec low C = 0.8
	| year low C =		| year low C =
	| Jan record low C = -17.1		| Jan record low C = -17.1
Line 254:		Line 363:
	| year record low C = -17.1		| year record low C = -17.1
	| precipitation colour = green		| precipitation colour = green
	| Jan precipitation mm = 76.1		| Jan precipitation mm = 69.3
	| Feb precipitation mm = 55.3		| Feb precipitation mm = 54.0
	| Mar precipitation mm = 50.1		| Mar precipitation mm = 49.5
	| Apr precipitation mm = 40.6		| Apr precipitation mm = 45.2
	| May precipitation mm = 51.6		| May precipitation mm = 51.0
	| Jun precipitation mm = 66.8		| Jun precipitation mm = 62.5
	| Jul precipitation mm = 75.1		| Jul precipitation mm = 65.6
	| Aug precipitation mm = 86.5		| Aug precipitation mm = 74.5
	| Sep precipitation mm = 47.3		| Sep precipitation mm = 54.3
	| Oct precipitation mm = 85.5		| Oct precipitation mm = 85.1
	| Nov precipitation mm = 73.7		| Nov precipitation mm = 71.9
	| Dec precipitation mm = 59.8		| Dec precipitation mm = 65.9
	| year precipitation mm =		| year precipitation mm =
	|Jan rain days = 12.7		|unit rain days = 1 mm
			|Jan rain days = 12.1
	|Feb rain days = 9.7		|Feb rain days = 9.7
	|Mar rain days = 9.5		|Mar rain days = 9.4
	|Apr rain days = 8.3		|Apr rain days = 8.6
	|May rain days = 9.8		|May rain days = 9.7
	|Jun rain days = 10.8		|Jun rain days = 10.8
	|Jul rain days = 12.1		|Jul rain days = 11.0
	|Aug rain days = 11.7		|Aug rain days = 10.6
	|Sep rain days = 8.9		|Sep rain days = 9.4
	|Oct rain days = 11.5		|Oct rain days = 11.6
	|Nov rain days = 13.2		|Nov rain days = 12.4
	|Dec rain days = 11.5		|Dec rain days = 11.9
	|year rain days=		|year rain days=
	| Jan sun = 53.6		| Jan sun = 53.5
	| Feb sun = 77.3		| Feb sun = 83.6
	| Mar sun = 116.2		| Mar sun = 121.1
	| Apr sun = 145.9		| Apr sun = 159.9
	| May sun = 191.2		| May sun = 200.8
	| Jun sun = 166.4		| Jun sun = 163.3
	| Jul sun = 174.3		| Jul sun = 172.7
	| Aug sun = 166.3		| Aug sun = 165.0
	| Sep sun = 126.0		| Sep sun = 130.1
	| Oct sun = 95.9		| Oct sun = 96.6
	| Nov sun = 69.8		| Nov sun = 70.0
	| Dec sun = 43.1		| Dec sun = 44.0
	| year sun = 1426.3		| year sun =
			| source 1 = Met Office,(all data except extremes)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfjc4jejv |title=UK climate averages - Nearest climate station: Mylnefield (1991-2020 period) |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=metoffice.gov.uk |publisher=Met Office |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145712/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfjc4jejv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfjchqjr3 |title=Dundee climate information |publisher=Met Office |access-date=5 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222170027/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfjchqjr3 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	| source 1 = KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute<ref>{{cite web
	| url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom		| source 2 = KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom |title=Climate Normals and extremes |publisher=] |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211729/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560,420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meteoclimat<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org"/>
	| title=Climate Normals and extremes
	| publisher=]
	| access-date=22 March 2011
	| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211729/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560,420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom
	| archive-date=13 May 2012
	| url-status=live
	}}</ref>
	| source 2 = Met Office,<ref>{{cite web
	| url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfjchqjr3
	| title=Dundee climate information
	| publisher=Met Office
	| access-date=5 August 2015
	| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222170027/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfjchqjr3
	| archive-date=22 December 2015
	| url-status=live
	}}</ref> Meteoclimat<ref name="climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org"/>
	| date=August 2015}}		| date=August 2015}}
	== Demography ==		== Demography ==
	]		]
			===Population===
	{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"
	|+ '''City of Dundee compared according to the ]'''<ref name="Dundee 2011 Population">{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Census|url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/explore/snapshot|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk}}</ref><ref name="Dundee Population">{{harvnb|Comparative Population: Dundee}}</ref><ref name="Dundee Employment">{{harvnb|Comparative Employment: Dundee}}</ref>
			Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the 1971 census. According to the 2011 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 147,268.<ref name="Dundee 2011 Population" /> A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 149,680 in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dundee City Council Area Profile |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/council-area-data-sheets/dundee-city-council-profile.html |access-date=9 October 2022 |website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005231716/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/council-area-data-sheets/dundee-city-council-profile.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%).<ref name="Dundee Population" /> The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years, respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.<ref name="Dundee Population" />
			===Residents===
			The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Ireland, 1.33% from other ] (EU) countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75&nbsp;years old.
			{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
			|+ '''City of Dundee compared according to the ]'''<ref name="Dundee 2011 Population">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/explore/snapshot |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514142653/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/explore/snapshot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Dundee Population">{{harvnb|Comparative Population: Dundee }}</ref><ref name="Dundee Employment">{{harvnb|Comparative Employment: Dundee }}</ref>
	|-		|-
	!		!
Line 336:		Line 438:
	|}		|}
			Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of ] as well as their ], which most noticeably substitutes the ] /ɛ/ (pronounced "eh") in place of the ] /aj/ (pronounced "ai").<ref>{{harvnb|McCluskey|1991}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Scots }}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248"/> Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|p=117}}; {{harvnb|Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee }}</ref>
	Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the 1971 census. According to the 2011 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 147,268.<ref name="Dundee 2011 Population" /> A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 149,680 in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dundee City Council Area Profile|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/council-area-data-sheets/dundee-city-council-profile.html|access-date=9 October 2022|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk}}</ref> The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%).<ref name="Dundee Population" /> The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years, respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.<ref name="Dundee Population" />
	The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Ireland, 1.33% from other ] (EU) countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75&nbsp;years old.
	Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of ] as well as their ], which most noticeably substitutes the ] /ɛ/ (pronounced "eh") in place of the ] /aj/ (pronounced "ai").<ref>{{harvnb|McCluskey|1991}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Scots}}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248"/> Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|p=117}}; {{harvnb|Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee}}</ref>
	The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, in the 19th century Jews, fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned Poland and from German occupation in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ] population, and has around 4,000 Asian residents which is the fourth-largest Asian community in Scotland. The city also has 1.0% of residents from a Black/African/Caribbean background.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure4.pdf |title=Figure 4: Minority ethnic groups by council area, Scotland, 2011 |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022230302/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure4.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>		The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, in the 19th century Jews, fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned Poland and from German occupation in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ] population, and has around 4,000 Asian residents which is the fourth-largest Asian community in Scotland. The city also has 1.0% of residents from a Black/African/Caribbean background.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure4.pdf |title=Figure 4: Minority ethnic groups by council area, Scotland, 2011 |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022230302/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure4.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			===Students===
	Dundee has a higher proportion of university students – one in seven of the population – than any other town in Europe, except ].<ref name="Dundee Student Population">{{cite web|title=History of Dundee|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/scotland/central-scotland/dundee/history|website=Lonely Planet|access-date=28 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205082656/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/scotland/central-scotland/dundee/history|archive-date=5 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The 14.2% come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges. Dundee is a major attraction for Northern Irish students who make up 5% of the total student population. The city's universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of Northern Ireland and have a big impact on the local economy and culture. However, this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK. Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad, mostly from the Republic of Ireland and other ] but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and ].<ref name="population">{{harvnb|Population Matters}}</ref>
			Dundee has a higher proportion of university students – one in seven of the population – than any other town in Europe, except ].<ref name="Dundee Student Population">{{cite web |title=History of Dundee |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/scotland/central-scotland/dundee/history |website=Lonely Planet |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205082656/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/scotland/central-scotland/dundee/history |archive-date=5 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 14.2% come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges. Dundee is a major attraction for Northern Irish students who make up 5% of the total student population. The city's universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of Northern Ireland and have a big impact on the local economy and culture. However, this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK. Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad, mostly from the Republic of Ireland and other ] but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and ].<ref name="population">{{harvnb|Population Matters }}</ref>
	=== Ethnicity ===		=== Ethnicity ===
	{| class="wikitable sortable"		{| class="wikitable sortable"
	! rowspan="2" |Ethnic Group		! rowspan="2" |Ethnic Group
	! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>		! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2 |last1=Equality |first1=Commission for Racial |access-date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513060235/https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">As UK Census data post 2001 is unavailable through the ONS website, it has been to use archival census collection websites to obtain data. Data is taken from United Kingdom of the United Kingdom (Table 6)</ref><ref name=":422">Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; General Register Office for Scotland; Registrar General for Northern Ireland (1997): 1991 Census aggregate data. UK Data Service (Edition: 1997). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/census/aggregate-1991-1 This information is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence</ref>		! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">As UK Census data post 2001 is unavailable through the ONS website, it has been {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602152933/https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/2011census/2011censusdata/censusdata18011991 |date=2 June 2022 }} to use archival census collection websites to obtain data. Data is taken from United Kingdom {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215152146/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm |date=15 December 2021 }} of the United Kingdom {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)</ref><ref name=":422">Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; General Register Office for Scotland; Registrar General for Northern Ireland (1997): 1991 Census aggregate data. UK Data Service (Edition: 1997). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/census/aggregate-1991-1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827072513/https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=22001 |date=27 August 2022 }} This information is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence</ref>
	! colspan="2" |2001<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Census Dissemination Unit |first=Mimas |date=2011-05-05 |title=InFuse |url=https://infuse2011gf.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=infuse2011gf.ukdataservice.ac.uk |language=English}}</ref>		! colspan="2" |2001<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Census Dissemination Unit |first=Mimas |date=5 May 2011 |title=InFuse |url=https://infuse2011gf.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=infuse2011gf.ukdataservice.ac.uk |language=English |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717045206/https://infuse2011gf.ukdataservice.ac.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011&nbsp;– Table KS201SC |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/standard-outputs.html |publisher=scotlandscensus.gov.uk |access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref>		! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011&nbsp;– Table KS201SC |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/standard-outputs.html |publisher=scotlandscensus.gov.uk |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107044126/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/standard-outputs.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{cite web |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=] |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521173147/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514142653/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by |date=14 May 2021 }} 'Search data by location' > 'Local Authority (CA2019)' > 'Dundee City' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Ethnic Group'</ref>
	|-		|-
			!Number
			!%
	!Number		!Number
	!%		!%
Line 363:		Line 466:
	!%		!%
	|-		|-
			|
			|
	|		|
	|		|
Line 382:		Line 487:
	!138,460		!138,460
	!94%		!94%
			!133,621
			!89.9%
	|-		|-
	|White: ]		|White: ]
Line 392:		Line 499:
	|123,827		|123,827
	|84.08%		|84.08%
			|114,803
			|77.21%
	|-		|-
	|White: ]		|White: ]
Line 402:		Line 511:
	|7,783		|7,783
	|5.28%		|5.28%
			|9,119
			|6.13%
	|-		|-
	|White: ]		|White: ]
Line 411:		Line 522:
	|1%		|1%
	|1,369		|1,369
			|0.93%
	|
			|1,342
			|0.90%
	|-		|-
	|White: ]<ref group="note" name="auto">New category created for the 2011 census</ref>		|White: ]{{efn|name=auto|New category created for the 2011 census}}
	|–		|–
	|–		|–
Line 421:		Line 534:
	| –		| –
	|98		|98
			| –
	|
			|87
			| –
	|-		|-
	|White: ]<ref name="auto" group="note" />		|White: ]{{efn|name=auto}}
	|–		|–
	|–		|–
Line 431:		Line 546:
	| –		| –
	|1,990		|1,990
			|1.35%
	|
			|3,153
			|2.12%
	|-		|-
	|White: ]		|White: ]
Line 441:		Line 558:
	|1.73%		|1.73%
	|3,393		|3,393
			|2.30%
	|
			|5,117
			|3.44%
	|-		|-
	!], ] or ]: Total		!], ] or ]: Total
Line 452:		Line 571:
	!5,838		!5,838
	!3.96%		!3.96%
			!8,806
			!5.92%
	|-		|-
	|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]		|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]
Line 457:		Line 578:
	|–		|–
	|628		|628
			|0.37%
	|
	|1,023		|1,023
			|0.70%
	|
	|1,417		|1,417
			|0.96%
	|
			|2,068
			|1.39%
	|-		|-
	|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]		|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]
Line 469:		Line 592:
	|0.69%		|0.69%
	|1,723		|1,723
			|1.18%
	|
	|2,047		|2,047
			|1.39%
	|
			|3,395
			|2.28%
	|-		|-
	|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]		|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]
Line 477:		Line 602:
	|–		|–
	|119		|119
			| –
	|
	|233		|233
			|0.16%
	|
	|310		|310
			|0.21%
	|
			|696
			|0.47%
	|-		|-
	|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]		|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]
Line 487:		Line 614:
	|–		|–
	|398		|398
			|0.24%
	|
	|699		|699
			|0.48%
	|
	|1,274		|1,274
			|0.87%
	|
			|1,342
			|0.90%
	|-		|-
	|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]		|Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: ]
Line 497:		Line 626:
	|–		|–
	|271		|271
			|0.16%
	|
	|416		|416
			|0.29%
	|
	|790		|790
			|0.54%
	|
			|1,309
			|0.88%
	|-		|-
	!], ] or ]<ref group="note">Category restructured for the 2011 census</ref>		!], ] or ]{{efn|Category restructured for the 2011 census}}
	!–		!–
	!–		!–
Line 509:		Line 640:
	!0.15%		!0.15%
	!35		!35
			!–
			!–
	!–		!–
	!–		!–
Line 522:		Line 655:
	!1,170		!1,170
	!0.79%		!0.79%
			!2,090
			!1.41%
	|-		|-
	|African: ], ] or ]		|African: ], ] or ]
Line 531:		Line 666:
	|0.19%		|0.19%
	|1,163		|1,163
			|0.79%
	|
			|108
			| –
	|-		|-
	|African: ]		|African: ]
Line 541:		Line 678:
	| –		| –
	|7		|7
			| –
	|
			|1,982
			|1.33%
	|-		|-
	!] or ]: Total		!] or ]: Total
Line 552:		Line 691:
	!269		!269
	!0.18%		!0.18%
			!187
			!0.13%
	|-		|-
	|]		|]
Line 559:		Line 700:
	| –		| –
	|60		|60
			| –
	|
	|167		|167
			|0.11%
	|
			|62
			| –
	|-		|-
	|]		|]
Line 571:		Line 714:
	| –		| –
	|66		|66
			| –
	|
			|18
			| –
	|-		|-
	|Caribbean or Black: ]		|Caribbean or Black: ]
Line 581:		Line 726:
	| –		| –
	|36		|36
			| –
	|
			|110
			| –
	|-		|-
	!]: Total		!]: Total
Line 592:		Line 739:
	!685		!685
	!0.46%		!0.46%
			!1,970
			!1.32%
	|-		|-
	!Other: Total		!Other: Total
Line 602:		Line 751:
	!846		!846
	!0.57%		!0.57%
			!2,023
			!1.36%
	|-		|-
	|Other: ]<ref group="note" name="auto"/>		|Other: ]{{efn|name=auto}}
	|–		|–
	|–		|–
Line 611:		Line 762:
	| –		| –
	|693		|693
			|0.47%
	|
			|1,244
			|0.84%
	|-		|-
	|Other: Any other ethnic group		|Other: Any other ethnic group
Line 621:		Line 774:
	|0.31%		|0.31%
	|153		|153
			|0.1%
	|
			|779
			|0.52%
	|-		|-
			|
			|
	|		|
	|		|
Line 642:		Line 799:
	!8,808		!8,808
	!6%		!6%
			!15,076
			!10.1%
	|-		|-
			|
			|
	|		|
	|		|
Line 661:		Line 822:
	!100%		!100%
	!147,268		!147,268
			!100%
			!148,697
	!100%		!100%
	|}		|}
			The proportion of people residing in Dundee born outside the UK was 12.9% in 2022, compared with 9.0% in 2011 and 4.9% in 2001. Below are the fifteen largest overseas-born groups in Dundee according to the 2022 census, alongside the two previous censuses.<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |access-date=24 May 2024 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514142653/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |url-status=live }} > 'Dundee City' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref>
	== Economy ==
	] jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became ] of the city.]]
	In 1911 40% of the city were employed in the jute industry. By 1951 this had dropped to 20%, and now is effectively zero.<ref>The Dundee Book, Billy Kay</ref>
			{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
	The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. ] selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,<ref name="ncr">{{harvnb|NCR Cash Advance}}</ref> primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced.
			|-
			! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;"|Country of birth
			! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;"|2022
			! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;"|2011
			! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;"|2001
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Poland}}
			|align="right"|2,616
			|align="right"|1,807
			|align="right"|127
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|India}}
			|align="right"|1,449
			|align="right"|986
			|align="right"|599
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Pakistan}}
			|align="right"|1,364
			|align="right"|862
			|align="right"|701
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Nigeria}}
			|align="right"|1,186
			|align="right"|601
			|align="right"|66
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Germany}}
			|align="right"|775
			|align="right"|899
			|align="right"|696
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|United States}}
			|align="right"|602
			|align="right"|314
			|align="right"|209
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|China}}
			|align="right"|553
			|align="right"|730
			|align="right"|298
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Ireland}}
			|align="right"|529
			|align="right"|572
			|align="right"|625
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Italy}}
			|align="right"|474
			|align="right"|199
			|align="right"|197
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Romania}}
			|align="right"|435
			|align="right"|95
			|align="right"|11
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
			|align="right"|434
			|align="right"|201
			|align="right"|125
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Spain}}
			|align="right"|362
			|align="right"|166
			|align="right"|114
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Latvia}}
			|align="right"|355
			|align="right"|211
			|align="right"|0
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
			|align="right"|309
			|align="right"|246
			|align="right"|201
			|-
			|border = "1"|{{flag|Malaysia}}
			|align="right"|299
			|align="right"|291
			|align="right"|155
			|-
			!border = "1"|Overall – all overseas-born
			!align="right"|19,194
			!align="right"|13,253
			!align="right"|7,198
			|-
			|}
			===Religion===
	By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing ]s, and later ], at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.<ref>{{harvnb|First Dundee computer next year}}</ref> Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold ] and ] was merged into ] and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a ] ]-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the ] on 30 April 1969.<ref>{{harvnb|General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969}}</ref>
			]
	Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an ] in January 1984. In 1983, the first ] ] were produced in Dundee by ]. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a ] by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month ].<ref>{{harvnb|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=163–165}}</ref> The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020, with the loss of 850 jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michelin's Dundee factory closes gates for final time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |work=BBC News |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002190324/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			The ] ] of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.<ref>{{harvnb|Presbytery of Dundee }}</ref> Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, ] and the ], are the most prominent ] buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of ], of which only the 15th-century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|p=5 }}</ref>
	=== Modern day ===
	]
			Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to ], has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=52 }}</ref> Other presbyterian groups include the Free Church which meet at St. Peters (the historic church of ]).<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Peter's Free Church, Dundee |url=https://stpeters-dundee.org.uk/ |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628060251/https://stpeters-dundee.org.uk/ |archive-date=28 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |title=Dundee Economic Profile – Sep 2016 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101814/https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many people from ], Angus and ] commute to the city.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile">{{harvnb|Dundee Economic Profile}}</ref> As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011–2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> The largest employers in the city are ], Dundee City Council, ], Tayside Contracts, ], ] and ].<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />
			In the ] Dundee was also the site of houses of the ] (Blackfriars), and ] (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the ], in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street (also referred to as the Dek-tarn street) and ] burial ground, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Foggie|2003|p=35 }}</ref>
	Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee, such as the ], the ] and ].
			{{bar box
	Other employers include limited and private companies such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], C J Lang & Son (]), Joinery and Timber Creations, ], and ]. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />
			|title=Religion of Dundee residents, 2022
			|caption= Source: 2022 census<ref name="Religion_22">{{cite web |title=Council Area 2019 by Religion by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnic%20group,%20national%20identity,%20language%20and%20religion&categoryId=1 |publisher=] |access-date=24 May 2024 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514142653/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnic%20group,%20national%20identity,%20language%20and%20religion&categoryId=1 |url-status=live }} Dundee City > Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion > Religion UV205</ref>
			|titlebar=#ccc
			|float=left
			|bars=
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|54.6}}
			{{bar percent|Christian|#ccf|33.2}}
			{{bar percent|Religion not stated|#ccf|6.0}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|4.2}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|0.8}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|0.5}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|0.5}}
			{{bar percent|Other religion|#ccf|0.2}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|0.1}}
			{{bar percent|]|#ccf|0.07}}
			}}
			] is the seat of the ] ]. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city, as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. Since 2018 the diocese has been led by ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org/about/whos-who |title=Who's who - Officers &#124; the Diocese of Brechin }}</ref> ] is the seat of the ] ], led by Bishop ]. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area, including ] in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|The Diocese of Dunkeld }}</ref>
	The ] and ] sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and ] have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873|title=How Dundee became a computer games centre|work=BBC News|date=9 September 2014|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928225927/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ], developer of '']'' and the '']'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by ]; an undergraduate of the ].<ref>{{harvnb|The Complete History of DMA Design}}</ref> Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form ]. Other game development studios in Dundee include ], ], ] and Outplay Entertainment, among others.
			There are ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Methodist Church }}</ref> ],<ref>{{harvnb|Trinity Baptist Church }}</ref> ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Congregational Church }}</ref> ]<ref>{{harvnb|Assemblies of God Scotland }}</ref> and ]<ref>{{harvnb|Salvation Army Dundee}}; {{harvnb|Salvation Army Menzieshill }}</ref> churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee }}</ref> the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Quaker Meeting }}</ref> the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Jehovah's Witnesses – Dundee }}</ref> ]s, ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{harvnb|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints }}</ref>
	]
			]s are served by the ], built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown.<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque }}</ref> There are three other mosques in the city including Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road, Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie's Lane. Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the ] campus.<ref>{{harvnb|UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee }}</ref>
	Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail">{{harvnb|Discover Dundee Retail}}</ref> The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as ], ].<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the {{convert|420000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Overgate Centre which is anchored by ], ], ], Argos, and ] and the {{convert|310000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Wellgate Centre by ], ], B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric,<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022.<ref> https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/dundee-retail-park-launches-after-ps6m-expansion </ref>
			The ] community is served by the Guru Nanak ] on Victoria Road, which serves its community in Dundee.<ref>{{harvnb|Gurudwaras in Scotland }}</ref>
	== Landmarks ==
	]
			A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Abrams|2009|pp=65–94 }}</ref> There is a small ] ] at Dudhope Park<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Hebrew Congregation }}</ref> which was built in the 1960s,<ref>{{harvnb|Scotland's Jewish Community }}</ref> with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}} to the east.<ref>{{harvnb|International Jewish Cemetery Project – Scotland }}</ref> Dundee Buddhist Group is a ] Temple based in Reform Street.<ref>{{harvnb|Nilupul Foundation }}</ref> There is also a ] ] in Taylor's Lane, situated in the ] of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Hindu Council UK }}</ref>
	The city and its landscape are dominated by ] and the ]. The Law, a large hill to the north of the ] was the site of an ] ], upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of ].<ref>{{harvnb|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing}}</ref> The waterfront, much altered by ] in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks.<ref>{{harvnb|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing}}</ref> The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate ] and the ], while ]'s ] occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to ] once sailed.
			== Economy ==
	The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54}}</ref> This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by ], and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54}}</ref> Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival ], built by ] in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street,<ref>{{harvnb|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57}}</ref> and the Catholic ], built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.<ref>{{harvnb|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57}}</ref>
			{{see|Economy of Scotland}}
			] jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became ] of the city.]]
			In 1911 40% of the city's population was employed in the jute industry. By 1951 this had dropped to 20%, and now is effectively zero.<ref>The Dundee Book, Billy Kay</ref> The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. ] selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,<ref name="ncr">{{harvnb|NCR Cash Advance }}</ref> primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing ]s, and later ], at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.<ref>{{harvnb|First Dundee computer next year }}</ref> Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold ] and ] was merged into ] and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a ] ]-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the ] on 30 April 1969.<ref>{{harvnb|General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969 }}</ref>
	As a result of the destruction suffered during the ], little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the ]. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant ] ], who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544.<ref>{{harvnb|Historic Environment Scotland|SM164}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=32–33}}</ref> Another is the building complex on the High Street known as ], parts of which date from around 1560.<ref>{{harvnb|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Dragging a building into the 21st century}}; {{harvnb|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards}}</ref> ] burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a ] abbey.<ref>{{harvnb|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=50–51}}</ref>
			Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an ] in January 1984. In 1983, the first ] ] were produced in Dundee by ]. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a ] by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month ].<ref>{{harvnb|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=163–165 }}</ref> The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020, with the loss of 850 jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michelin's Dundee factory closes gates for final time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |work=BBC News |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002190324/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	]
			Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |title=Dundee Economic Profile – Sep 2016 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101814/https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many people from ], Angus and ] commute to the city.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile">{{harvnb|Dundee Economic Profile }}</ref> As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011–2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> The largest employers in the city are ], Dundee City Council, ], Tayside Contracts, ], ] and ].<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee, such as the ], the ] and ].
	Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of ] in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=120}}</ref> ], originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=74–75}}</ref> ], a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588.<ref>{{harvnb|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=103}}</ref> In 1495 ] was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the ] and the ]. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of ], north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north.{{clarify|date=November 2014}}<ref>{{harvnb|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall}}</ref>
			]
	North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the ], built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style.<ref>{{harvnb|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=47}}</ref> Another school building of note is ] on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by ] in a Dutch Gothic style.<ref>{{harvnb|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=97}}</ref>
			Other employers include limited and private companies such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Rochen Limited, C J Lang & Son (]), Joinery and Timber Creations, ], and ]. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />
	Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers c.1850–1865,<ref>{{harvnb|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=85}}</ref> ] in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849,<ref>{{harvnb|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=89}}</ref><ref name="Cox Bros">{{cite web|title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers|url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27)|work=Archive Services Online Catalogue|publisher=]|access-date=9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215193736/http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27)|archive-date=15 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=30–32}}</ref>
	]
	A more recent landmark is the {{convert|140|ft|m|adj=mid}} Tower Building of the ] built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site.<ref name=Tower>{{cite journal|title=From the Archives: Fifty years since the Tower's foundation stone was laid|journal=Contact|date=October 2009|pages=24–25|publisher=University of Dundee}}</ref><ref name="Tower News">{{cite news|title=Dundee University's Tower Building needing facelift to address safety concerns|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518|access-date=22 October 2013|newspaper=The Courier|date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031024458/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518|archive-date=31 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.<ref name="Tower Building">{{cite web|title=Tower Building|url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/|publisher=University of Dundee|access-date=22 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023063616/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/|archive-date=23 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
			The ] and ] sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and ] have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873 |title=How Dundee became a computer games centre |work=BBC News |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928225927/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ]], developer of '']'' and the '']'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by ]; an undergraduate of the ].<ref>{{harvnb|The Complete History of DMA Design }}</ref> Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form ]. Other game development studios in Dundee include ], ], ] and Outplay Entertainment, among others.
	Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s. The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program.<ref name="Muncher">{{cite news|title=Bye-bye Tayside House — 'Muncher' completes its work|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|access-date=2 March 2016|work=The Courier|publisher=D C Thomson & Co, Ltd.|date=12 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081304/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> According to the architectural historian ] and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen.<ref name="LostTayHouse">{{cite book|last1=McKean|first1=Charles|last2=Whatley|first2=Patricia|last3=with Baxter|first3=Kenneth|title=Lost Dundee. Dundee's Lost Architectural Heritage|date=2013|publisher=Birlinn|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-78027-106-4|page=248|edition=2nd}}</ref>
			Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail">{{harvnb|Discover Dundee Retail }}</ref> The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as ], ].<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the {{convert|420000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Overgate Centre which is anchored by ], ], ], Argos, and ] and the {{convert|310000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Wellgate Centre by ], ], B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric,<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/dundee-retail-park-launches-after-ps6m-expansion |title=Dundee retail park launches after £6m expansion |date=22 September 2022 |access-date=2 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602161359/https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/dundee-retail-park-launches-after-ps6m-expansion |url-status=live }}</ref>
	== Transport ==		== Transport ==
Line 720:		Line 984:
	Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the ] Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The ] Dundee to ] road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the ] links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.		Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the ] Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The ] Dundee to ] road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the ] links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.
	===Buses===		===Bus===
			Dundee has an extensive network of bus routes. The ] is the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. ] operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by ] and Moffat & Williamson.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bustimes.org/localities/dundee-city-centre |title=Dundee City Centre – Bus Times |access-date=2 August 2023 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802170630/https://bustimes.org/localities/dundee-city-centre |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's two railway stations are the main ], near the waterfront, which has now finished re-construction as part of the waterfront re-development programme and the much smaller ] at the eastern end of the city.
	]
			] after its 2018 reopening]]
	Dundee has an extensive network of bus routes. The ] is the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. ] operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by ]. The city's two railway stations are the main ], near the waterfront, which has now finished re-construction as part of the waterfront re-development programme and the much smaller ] at the eastern end of the city.
	There are also many inter-city bus services offered by ], ] and ].		There are also many inter-city bus services offered by ], ] and ].
	===Rail===		===Rail, air and sea===
			Passenger services at Dundee are provided by ], ], ] and ]. There are other nearby stations at ], ] and ]. No freight trains have served the city since the ] terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
	] after its 2018 reopening]]
			] in 2021]]
	Passenger services at Dundee are provided by ], ], ] and ]. There are other nearby stations at ], ] and ].
			] offers commercial flights to ], ], and ] by ]. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located {{convert|3|km}} west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is ], {{convert|59.2|mi|km}} to the south.
	No freight trains have served the city since the ] terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
			The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by ]. Seafarers arriving at the port are offered welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity ]. The seaport in recent years has saw a significant increase in cruises arriving at port. In 2023, ] made Dundee a port call following the launch of their second ship '']''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Cruise Line launches Ambition cruise ship |url=https://www.travelwires.com/ambassador-cruise-line-launches-ambition-cruise-ship |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=TravelWires }}</ref> Cruises from Dundee depart to ], ], France, Spain, Sweden, ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cruises from Dundee - Ambassador Cruise Line |url=https://www.ambassadorcruiseline.com/no-fly-cruises/cruises-from-dundee/ |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=www.ambassadorcruiseline.com |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812200802/https://www.ambassadorcruiseline.com/no-fly-cruises/cruises-from-dundee/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	===Airport===
	] offers commercial flights to ], ], ], and ] by ]. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located {{convert|3|km}} west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay.
	]
	The nearest major international airport is ], {{convert|59.2|mi|km}} to the south.
	===Seaport===
	The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by ]. Seafarers arriving at the port are offered welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity ].
	== Education ==		== Education ==
	=== Colleges and universities ===
	]
	Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/registry/main/statistics/14-15_fst_dpt.xlsx |title=Academic Year:2014/5 (Starts 01-August) |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926225005/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/registry/main/statistics/14-15_fst_dpt.xlsx |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/the-university/|title=The University|date=11 January 2017|website=abertay.ac.uk|access-date=28 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002143651/http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/the-university/|archive-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
	The ] became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the ]. It was founded in 1881 by ] and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College, Dundee, and teaching began in 1883. It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen's College, Dundee in 1954.<ref name="Records of the University">{{cite web|title=Records of the University of Dundee and its Predecessors |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm#Uni |work=Archival Sources for Local and Scottish History |publisher=] |access-date=27 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808121954/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm |archive-date=8 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="A Dundee Celebration">{{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Kenneth|title=A Dundee Celebration|year=2007|publisher=]|location=Dundee|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Significant research in ] fields is carried out in the ].<ref name="College of Life Sciences">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212043705/http://www.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/|url-status=dead|title=School of Life Sciences|archive-date=12 December 2018|access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> The university is also home to ],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/24/law-at-dundee-takes-top-spot-in-guardian-university-guide-2017/ | location=Dundee | work=Scottish Legal News | title=Law | date=12 September 2016 | access-date=3 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005105715/http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/24/law-at-dundee-takes-top-spot-in-guardian-university-guide-2017/ | archive-date=5 October 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and the ], based at the city's ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2011/may/17/university-guide-medicine | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Medicine | date=17 May 2011 | access-date=11 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510215122/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2011/may/17/university-guide-medicine | archive-date=10 May 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> The university also incorporates the ] and the teacher training college.
	] was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. Previously, the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College, a further education college. It was granted university status in 1994 under the ]. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in the fields of ] technology and ].<ref name="money for computer games centre">{{harvnb|money for computer games centre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-16|title=£5.5m gaming and cyber-security centre opens|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-50808198|access-date=2020-05-19|archive-date=28 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131910/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-50808198|url-status=live}}</ref> Notable alumni include ], founder of DMA Design (now known as ]), Sir ], founder of ], and Lord ], former ].
	] is the city's umbrella ] college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training. As of 2013, it merged with ] in ], to become ] (D&A College).
	The Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002. It is a research-led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by ] in the study of ] and ]s, Arabic language and Islamic Economics and Finance. It is an independent institution. It is named after its patron, ].<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Maktoum Institute}}</ref>
	=== Schools ===
	{{see also|List of schools in Dundee}}		{{see also|List of schools in Dundee}}
	]		]
	Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and 8 secondary state schools in the city. There are 11 primary and 2 secondary Roman Catholic denominational schools which, as in the rest of Scotland, are open to children of all denominations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/parentzone/myschool/choosingaschool/denominationaleducation/index.asp|title=Denominational education – Choosing a school -|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210034630/http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/parentzone/myschool/choosingaschool/denominationaleducation/index.asp|archive-date=10 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The remainder are non-denominational.<ref>{{harvnb|Primary Schools}}; {{harvnb|Secondary Schools}}</ref> There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref>{{harvnb|Kingspark School}}</ref>
			Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/registry/main/statistics/14-15_fst_dpt.xlsx |title=Academic Year:2014/5 (Starts 01-August) |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926225005/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/registry/main/statistics/14-15_fst_dpt.xlsx |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/the-university/ |title=The University |date=11 January 2017 |website=abertay.ac.uk |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002143651/http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/the-university/ |archive-date=2 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ] became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the ]. It was founded in 1881 by ] and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College, Dundee, and teaching began in 1883. It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen's College, Dundee in 1954.<ref name="Records of the University">{{cite web |title=Records of the University of Dundee and its Predecessors |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm#Uni |work=Archival Sources for Local and Scottish History |publisher=] |access-date=27 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808121954/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref><ref name="A Dundee Celebration">{{cite book |last=Baxter |first=Kenneth |title=A Dundee Celebration |year=2007 |publisher=] |location=Dundee |display-authors=etal }}</ref> Significant research in ] fields is carried out in the ].<ref name="College of Life Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212043705/http://www.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/ |url-status=dead |title=School of Life Sciences |archive-date=12 December 2018 |access-date=22 October 2021 }}</ref> The university is also home to ],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/24/law-at-dundee-takes-top-spot-in-guardian-university-guide-2017/ |location=Dundee |work=Scottish Legal News |title=Law |date=12 September 2016 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005105715/http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/24/law-at-dundee-takes-top-spot-in-guardian-university-guide-2017/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and the ], based at the city's ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2011/may/17/university-guide-medicine |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=Medicine |date=17 May 2011 |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510215122/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2011/may/17/university-guide-medicine |archive-date=10 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The university also incorporates the ] and the teacher training college.
	Dundee has one independent school, the ], which was founded in the 13th century by the ] and ]s of ].<ref>{{harvnb|Strong|1909|p=19}}</ref> The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832–34.<ref>{{harvnb|Colvin|2008|p=xx}}</ref> Notable students in the early modern period included ], ],<ref>{{harvnb|Kerr|1913|p=13}}</ref> and the brothers ] who were the authors of '']'', used early in the ] as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology.<ref>{{harvnb|Dawson|2007|p=159}}</ref> According to ]'s largely apocryphal work '']'', ] was also educated in Dundee.
			] was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. Previously, the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College, a further education college. It was granted university status in 1994 under the ]. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in the fields of ] technology and ].<ref name="money for computer games centre">{{harvnb|money for computer games centre }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2019 |title=£5.5m gaming and cyber-security centre opens |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-50808198 |access-date=19 May 2020 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131910/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-50808198 |url-status=live }}</ref> Notable alumni include ], founder of DMA Design (now known as ]), Sir ], founder of ], and Lord ], former ].
	== Religious sites ==
	=== Christian groups ===
	]
			] is the city's umbrella ] college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training. As of 2013, it merged with ] in ], to become ] (D&A college). The Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002. It is a research-led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by ] in the study of ] and ]s, Arabic language and Islamic Economics and Finance. It is an independent institution. It is named after its patron, ].<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Maktoum Institute }}</ref>
	The ] ] of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.<ref>{{harvnb|Presbytery of Dundee}}</ref> Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, ] and the ], are the most prominent ] buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of ], of which only the 15th-century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|p=5}}</ref>
			]
	Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to ], has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=52}}</ref> Other presbyterian groups include the Free Church which meet at St. Peters (the historic church of ]) where prominent theologians ] and ] regularly preach.<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Peter's Free Church, Dundee|url=https://stpeters-dundee.org.uk/|access-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628060251/https://stpeters-dundee.org.uk/|archive-date=28 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and 8 secondary state schools in the city. There are 11 primary and 2 secondary Roman Catholic denominational schools which, as in the rest of Scotland, are open to children of all denominations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/parentzone/myschool/choosingaschool/denominationaleducation/index.asp |title=Denominational education – Choosing a school - |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210034630/http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/parentzone/myschool/choosingaschool/denominationaleducation/index.asp |archive-date=10 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The remainder are non-denominational.<ref>{{harvnb|Primary Schools}}; {{harvnb|Secondary Schools }}</ref> There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref>{{harvnb|Kingspark School }}</ref>
			Dundee has one independent school, the ], which was founded in the 13th century by the ] and ]s of ].<ref>{{harvnb|Strong|1909|p=19 }}</ref> The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832–34.<ref>{{harvnb|Colvin|2008|p=xx }}</ref> Notable students in the early modern period included ], ],<ref>{{harvnb|Kerr|1913|p=13 }}</ref> and the brothers ] who were the authors of '']'', used early in the ] as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology.<ref>{{harvnb|Dawson|2007|p=159 }}</ref> According to ]'s largely apocryphal work '']'', ] was also educated in Dundee.
	In the ] Dundee was also the site of houses of the ] (Blackfriars), and ] (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the ], in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street (also referred to as the Dek-tarn street) and ] burial ground, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Foggie|2003|p=35}}</ref>
	] is the seat of the ] ]. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city, as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. Since 2018 the diocese has been led by ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org/about/whos-who | title=Who's who - Officers &#124; the Diocese of Brechin }}</ref> ] is the seat of the ] ], led by Bishop ]. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area, including ] in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|The Diocese of Dunkeld}}</ref>
	There are ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Methodist Church}}</ref> ],<ref>{{harvnb|Trinity Baptist Church}}</ref> ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Congregational Church}}</ref> ]<ref>{{harvnb|Assemblies of God Scotland}}</ref> and ]<ref>{{harvnb|Salvation Army Dundee}}; {{harvnb|Salvation Army Menzieshill}}</ref> churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee}}</ref> the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Quaker Meeting}}</ref> the ],<ref>{{harvnb|Jehovah's Witnesses – Dundee}}</ref> ]s, ],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia}}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{harvnb|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}</ref>
	=== Other religious communities ===
	]s are served by the ] built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown.<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque}}</ref> There are three other mosques in the city including;
	Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road, Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie's Lane. Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the ] campus.<ref>{{harvnb|UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee}}</ref>
	The ] community is served by the Guru Nanak ] on Victoria Road, which serves its community in Dundee.<ref>{{harvnb|Gurudwaras in Scotland}}</ref>
	A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Abrams|2009|pp=65–94}}</ref> There is a small ] ] at Dudhope Park<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Hebrew Congregation}}</ref> that was built in the 1960s,<ref>{{harvnb|Scotland's Jewish Community}}</ref> with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}} to the east.<ref>{{harvnb|International Jewish Cemetery Project – Scotland}}</ref> Dundee Buddhist Group is a ] Temple based in Reform Street.<ref>{{harvnb|Nilupul Foundation}}</ref> There is also a ] ] in Taylor's Lane situated in the ] of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Hindu Council UK}}</ref>
	== Culture ==		== Culture ==
	Dundee made a bid to be named the 2017 ], and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short-listed cities alongside ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=UK City of Culture 2017 shortlist of four announced|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259|work=BBC News|access-date=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620015412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259|archive-date=20 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Ultimately, Dundee's bid was unsuccessful, with Hull winning the contest.<ref name="TelegraphCultureBid">{{cite news|last1=Cramb|first1=Auslan|title=Dundee loses City of Culture bid, but presses ahead with events|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10462917/Dundee-loses-City-of-Culture-bid-but-presses-ahead-with-events.html|access-date=27 September 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010080319/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10462917/Dundee-loses-City-of-Culture-bid-but-presses-ahead-with-events.html|archive-date=10 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dundee came in fifth place in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom, ahead of other Scottish cities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-crowned-scotland-s-most-cultural-city-and-we-beat-hull-too-1.619566|title=Dundee crowned Scotland's most cultural city (and we beat Hull too!)|work=eveningtelegraph.co.uk|date=10 October 2014|access-date=11 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414225112/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-crowned-scotland-s-most-cultural-city-and-we-beat-hull-too-1.619566|archive-date=14 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dundee.stv.tv/articles/295051-dundee-is-the-fifth-most-cultural-city-in-the-uk-according-to-new-survey/|title=Dundee is the fifth most cultural city in the UK according to new survey – STV Dundee – Dundee|author=Joe Birchenall|work=STV Dundee|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224847/http://dundee.stv.tv/articles/295051-dundee-is-the-fifth-most-cultural-city-in-the-uk-according-to-new-survey/|archive-date=20 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>		Dundee made a bid to be named the 2017 ], and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short-listed cities alongside ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=UK City of Culture 2017 shortlist of four announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259 |work=BBC News |access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620015412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259 |archive-date=20 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, Dundee's bid was unsuccessful, with Hull winning the contest.<ref name="TelegraphCultureBid">{{cite news |last1=Cramb |first1=Auslan |title=Dundee loses City of Culture bid, but presses ahead with events |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10462917/Dundee-loses-City-of-Culture-bid-but-presses-ahead-with-events.html |access-date=27 September 2016 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010080319/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10462917/Dundee-loses-City-of-Culture-bid-but-presses-ahead-with-events.html |archive-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dundee came in fifth place in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom, ahead of other Scottish cities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-crowned-scotland-s-most-cultural-city-and-we-beat-hull-too-1.619566 |title=Dundee crowned Scotland's most cultural city (and we beat Hull too!) |work=eveningtelegraph.co.uk |date=10 October 2014 |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414225112/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-crowned-scotland-s-most-cultural-city-and-we-beat-hull-too-1.619566 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dundee.stv.tv/articles/295051-dundee-is-the-fifth-most-cultural-city-in-the-uk-according-to-new-survey/ |title=Dundee is the fifth most cultural city in the UK according to new survey – STV Dundee – Dundee |author=Joe Birchenall |work=STV Dundee |access-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224847/http://dundee.stv.tv/articles/295051-dundee-is-the-fifth-most-cultural-city-in-the-uk-according-to-new-survey/ |archive-date=20 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	In August 2021, Dundee made a joint bid with ], ] and ] for the UK City of Culture again in 2025 under the title of 'Tay Cities'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rae|first=Steven|title=UK City of Culture 2025: Tay Cities unite in first joint title bid|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/perth-kinross/2469964/uk-city-of-culture-2025-tay-cities-unite-in-first-joint-title-bid/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=The Courier|language=en-GB}}</ref>		In August 2021, Dundee made a joint bid with ], ] and ] for the UK City of Culture again in 2025 under the title of 'Tay Cities'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rae |first=Steven |title=UK City of Culture 2025: Tay Cities unite in first joint title bid |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/perth-kinross/2469964/uk-city-of-culture-2025-tay-cities-unite-in-first-joint-title-bid/ |access-date=21 August 2021 |website=The Courier |date=20 August 2021 |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821010236/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/perth-kinross/2469964/uk-city-of-culture-2025-tay-cities-unite-in-first-joint-title-bid/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Dundee also went to bid to become the ] in 2023 but due to ] in June 2016, Dundee's bid, along with those of other British cities submitting bids, was discontinued by the ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477|title=Brexit blow to Dundee's 2023 culture bid|date=23 November 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326214722/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477|archive-date=26 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/dundee-formally-withdraws-capital-culture-bid-due-brexit/|title=Dundee formally withdraws Capital of Culture bid due to Brexit|work=Evening Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2018|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045507/https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/dundee-formally-withdraws-capital-culture-bid-due-brexit/|archive-date=25 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>		Dundee also went to bid to become the ] in 2023 but due to ] in June 2016, Dundee's bid, along with those of other British cities submitting bids, was discontinued by the ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477 |title=Brexit blow to Dundee's 2023 culture bid |date=23 November 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326214722/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477 |archive-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/dundee-formally-withdraws-capital-culture-bid-due-brexit/ |title=Dundee formally withdraws Capital of Culture bid due to Brexit |work=Evening Telegraph |access-date=24 March 2018 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045507/https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/dundee-formally-withdraws-capital-culture-bid-due-brexit/ |archive-date=25 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	===Museums and galleries===		===Museums and galleries===
	] in the city's Albert Square]]		] in the city's Albert Square]]
			The city's main museum and art gallery, ], is in Albert Square.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=30 }}</ref> The exhibits include work by ], ] and ] amongst the collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. ] (abbreviated DCA) opened in 1999 is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep, which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen arthouse cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar.<ref>{{harvnb|Jarron|2011|p=183 }}</ref> Britain's only full-time public ], ] at the summit of the city's ] Hill, was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=47 }}</ref> ] in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=20 }}</ref> ] is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill.<ref>Gale & Kaur (2002) p. 187; Dundee Heritage Trust (1998) pp. 1-3</ref>
	]
			The ] also runs several public museums and galleries, including the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum and the Tayside Medical History Museum. The university, through ] also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art, and its archives including: the abcD (artists' books collection Dundee); the REWIND Archive (video art collection); and the ] Digital Archive.
	The city's main museum and art gallery, ], is in Albert Square.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=30}}</ref> The exhibits include work by ], ] and ] amongst the collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts.
			The ] Museum of Design opened in September 2018 and is built south of Craig Harbour onto the ] in a building designed by ]. It was officially opened by the ] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dingwall |first1=Blair |title=William and Kate will officially open V&A on royal visit to Dundee on Tuesday |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/816641/william-and-kate-will-officially-open-va-on-royal-visit-to-dundee-on-tuesday/ |website=Dundee Courier |date=28 January 2019 |access-date=28 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129010544/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/816641/william-and-kate-will-officially-open-va-on-royal-visit-to-dundee-on-tuesday/ |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the centrepiece of the city's waterfront redevelopment. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs.<ref name="V&A Museum of Design, Dundee">{{harvnb|Dundee to get its own V&A museum }}</ref>
	] (abbreviated DCA) opened in 1999 is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep, which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen arthouse cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar.<ref>{{harvnb|Jarron|2011|p=183}}</ref>
	Britain's only full-time public ], ] at the summit of the city's ] Hill, was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=47}}</ref>
	] in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=20}}</ref> ] is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill.<ref>Gale & Kaur (2002) p. 187; Dundee Heritage Trust (1998) pp. 1-3</ref>
	The ] also runs several public museums and galleries, including the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum and the Tayside Medical History Museum. The university, through ] also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art, and its archives including: the abcD (artists' books collection Dundee); the REWIND Archive (video art collection); and the ] Digital Archive.
			]
	The ] Museum of Design opened in September 2018 and is built south of Craig Harbour onto the ] in a building designed by ]. It was officially opened by the ] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dingwall |first1=Blair |title=William and Kate will officially open V&A on royal visit to Dundee on Tuesday |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/816641/william-and-kate-will-officially-open-va-on-royal-visit-to-dundee-on-tuesday/ |website=Dundee Courier |access-date=28 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129010544/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/dundee/816641/william-and-kate-will-officially-open-va-on-royal-visit-to-dundee-on-tuesday/ |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the centrepiece of the city's waterfront redevelopment. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs.<ref name="V&A Museum of Design, Dundee">{{harvnb|Dundee to get its own V&A museum}}</ref>
	The city's archival records are mostly kept by two archives: Dundee City Archives, operated by ] and the ]'s Archive Services.		The city's archival records are mostly kept by two archives: Dundee City Archives, operated by ] and the ]'s Archive Services.
	Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former ].<ref name="City Archives">{{cite web|title=Archives|url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/|publisher=]|access-date=17 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105064700/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/|archive-date=5 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The archive also holds the records of various people, groups and organisations connected to the city. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university, such as ]. Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals, businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services">{{cite web|title=University of Dundee Archives Services|url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives|publisher=University of Dundee|access-date=2 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614032353/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/|archive-date=14 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee; records of other businesses including the archives of the ] and the department store G. L. Wilson; the records of the Brechin Diocese of the ]; and the ] Archive.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services2">{{cite web|title=University of Dundee Archives Services the Collections |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/archman.htm |publisher=University of Dundee |access-date=2 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023152251/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/archman.htm |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Archives, Records and Artefacts">{{cite web|title=Business Archives|date=27 January 2011|url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/business-archives.html|publisher=Archives, Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315133547/http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/business-archives.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The same archive also holds the ] collection which includes thousands of the ]'s photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services Peto"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315060307/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/peto/ |date=15 March 2016 }}, University of Dundee. Retrieved 26 May 2011.</ref>		Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former ].<ref name="City Archives">{{cite web |title=Archives |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/ |publisher=] |access-date=17 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105064700/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/ |archive-date=5 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The archive also holds the records of various people, groups and organisations connected to the city. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university, such as ]. Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals, businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services">{{cite web |title=University of Dundee Archives Services |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives |publisher=University of Dundee |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614032353/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/ |archive-date=14 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee; records of other businesses including the archives of the ] and the department store G. L. Wilson; the records of the Brechin Diocese of the ]; and the ] Archive.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services2">{{cite web |title=University of Dundee Archives Services the Collections |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/archman.htm |publisher=University of Dundee |access-date=2 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023152251/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/archman.htm |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Archives, Records and Artefacts">{{cite web |title=Business Archives |date=27 January 2011 |url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/business-archives.html |publisher=Archives, Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315133547/http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/business-archives.html |archive-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same archive also holds the ] collection which includes thousands of the ]'s photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services Peto"> {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315060307/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/peto/ |date=15 March 2016 }}, University of Dundee. Retrieved 26 May 2011.</ref>
	===Literature===		===Literature===
	Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include ], ], ], ], ], Mick McCluskey, ] and ]. The ] is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included: Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. ], regularly cited as the "world's worst poet",<ref name="World's Worst Poet">{{harvnb|McGonagall|1992}}</ref> worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work ''The Tay Bridge Disaster''.		Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include ], ], ], ], ], Mick McCluskey, ] and ]. The ] is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included: Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. ], regularly cited as the "world's worst poet",<ref name="World's Worst Poet">{{harvnb|McGonagall|1992 }}</ref> worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work ''The Tay Bridge Disaster''.
	Dundee's poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology ''Whaleback City'' edited by W. N. Herbert and Andy Jackson (Dundee University Press) containing poems by McGonagall, Don Paterson, Douglas Dunn, John Burnside and many others. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofrecovery.com|title=cityofrecovery.com|access-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216222315/http://cityofrecovery.com/|archive-date=16 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Dundee's poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology ''Whaleback City'' edited by W. N. Herbert and Andy Jackson (Dundee University Press) containing poems by McGonagall, Don Paterson, Douglas Dunn, John Burnside and many others. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofrecovery.com |title=cityofrecovery.com |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216222315/http://cityofrecovery.com/ |archive-date=16 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	=== Cinema ===		=== Cinema ===
	The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.<ref name="Dundee festival">{{harvnb|Dundee Mountain Film Festival}}</ref> DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF)<ref name="International Alliance">{{harvnb|International Alliance for Mountain Film}}</ref> among other important international ] festivals.		The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.<ref name="Dundee festival">{{harvnb|Dundee Mountain Film Festival }}</ref> DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF)<ref name="International Alliance">{{harvnb|International Alliance for Mountain Film }}</ref> among other important international ] festivals.
	] hosts an annual horror film festival called ''Dundead'', which started in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zcint.co.uk/article/dca-unveil-dundead-ii-festival-lineup|title=DCA Unveil Dundead II Festival Line-Up|date=5 March 2012|access-date=15 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718061619/http://zcint.co.uk/article/dca-unveil-dundead-ii-festival-lineup|archive-date=18 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It also hosts the Discovery Film Festival, an international film festival targeted for young audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.discoveryfilmfestival.org.uk/about |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Discovery Film Festival |language=en}}</ref>		] hosts an annual horror film festival called ''Dundead'', which started in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zcint.co.uk/article/dca-unveil-dundead-ii-festival-lineup |title=DCA Unveil Dundead II Festival Line-Up |date=5 March 2012 |access-date=15 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718061619/http://zcint.co.uk/article/dca-unveil-dundead-ii-festival-lineup |archive-date=18 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also hosts the Discovery Film Festival, an international film festival targeted for young audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.discoveryfilmfestival.org.uk/about |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=Discovery Film Festival |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011907/https://www.discoveryfilmfestival.org.uk/about |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	The city also has two ] cinemas, ] and ].		The city also has two ] cinemas, ] and ].
	=== Theatre, drama, dance ===		=== Theatre, drama, dance ===
	Dundee is home to a full-time ] ensemble, which originated in 1939. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor ], is a native of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Cox may be ambassador for Dundee}}</ref> The ], built in 1982, is also the base for the ] company.		Dundee is home to a full-time ] ensemble, which originated in 1939. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor ], is a native of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Cox may be ambassador for Dundee }}</ref> The ], built in 1982, is also the base for the ] company.
	The Whitehall Theatre opened in 1969.<ref> https://whitehalltheatre.com/about-us/</ref>		The Whitehall Theatre opened in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whitehalltheatre.com/about-us/ |title=About Us - the Whitehall Theatre |date=13 July 2021 |access-date=2 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602163822/https://whitehalltheatre.com/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	The Little Theatre at the foot of the Hilltown is home to and maintained by Dundee Dramatic Society.<ref> http://dundeeds.co.uk/</ref>		The Little Theatre at the foot of the Hilltown is home to and maintained by Dundee Dramatic Society.<ref>http://dundeeds.co.uk/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602163823/http://dundeeds.co.uk/ |date=2 June 2023 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024 }}</ref>
	=== Music ===		=== Music ===
	Dundee's principal concert ], the ] (named after its benefactor, the jute baron ]) in the City Square regularly hosts the ].<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=78}}</ref> Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual ], Guitar and ] Festivals.		Dundee's principal concert ], the ] (named after its benefactor, the jute baron ]) in the City Square regularly hosts the ].<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=78 }}</ref> Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual ], Guitar and ] Festivals.
	Dundee has hosted the ] a number of times – 1902, 1913, 1937, 1959 and 1974.<ref name=SMO> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115062253/http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/mod/ |date=15 January 2013 }} for each year on ] website</ref>		Dundee has hosted the ] a number of times – 1902, 1913, 1937, 1959 and 1974.<ref name=SMO> {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115062253/http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/mod/ |date=15 January 2013 }} for each year on ] website</ref>
	Dundee also hosted ] back in 2006 and was due to host for a second time in 2020 but it was cancelled due to the ]. Dundee hosted the event again on 26th-28th May 2023 at Camperdown Park in the north-west of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Radio 1's Big Weekend 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/ed8wxj |website=BBC Events}}</ref>		Dundee also hosted ] back in 2006 and was due to host for a second time in 2020 but it was cancelled due to the ]. Dundee hosted the event again on 26th-28 May 2023 at Camperdown Park in the north-west of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Radio 1's Big Weekend 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/ed8wxj |website=BBC Events |access-date=12 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416112732/https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/ed8wxj |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Popular music groups such as the 1970s ] outfit ], the ], the band ], ], ], and the ] bands ] and ] are from Dundee. Musician, songwriter and performer ] was born and raised in Dundee. ] of ] and singer-songwriter ] are former pupils of the ], although Tunstall is not a native of the city.<ref name="Almost Famous">{{harvnb|Almost Famous}}</ref> The Northern Irish indie rock band ] was formed by students at the ].<ref name="Snow Patrol">{{harvnb|Snow Patrol}}</ref> ], lead singer of ], grew up in the city<ref name="NME Interview">{{harvnb|NME Interview with Placebo}}</ref> as did ], singer of ]. At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual ] festival known as the ''Dundee Blues Bonanza''.<ref name="Dundee Blues Bonanza">{{harvnb|Dundee Blues Bonanza}}</ref>		Popular music groups such as the 1970s ] outfit ], the ], the band ], ], ], and the ] bands ] and ] are from Dundee. Musician, songwriter and performer ] was born and raised in Dundee. ] of ] and singer-songwriter ] are former pupils of the ], although Tunstall is not a native of the city.<ref name="Almost Famous">{{harvnb|Almost Famous }}</ref> The Northern Irish indie rock band ] was formed by students at the ].<ref name="Snow Patrol">{{harvnb|Snow Patrol }}</ref> ], lead singer of ], grew up in the city<ref name="NME Interview">{{harvnb|NME Interview with Placebo }}</ref> as did ], singer of ]. At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual ] festival known as the ''Dundee Blues Bonanza''.<ref name="Dundee Blues Bonanza">{{harvnb|Dundee Blues Bonanza }}</ref>
	=== Media ===		=== Media ===
	] & Co.]]		] & Co.]]
	Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Son Ltd, established in 1905, which produces over 200&nbsp;million magazines, newspapers and comics every year; these include '']'', '']'' and '']''.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" />		Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Co. Ltd, established in 1905, which produces over 200&nbsp;million magazines, newspapers and comics every year; these include '']'', '']'' and '']''.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" />
	Dundee is home to one of eleven ] broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.<ref name="Contact numbers for BBC Scotland">{{harvnb|Contact numbers for BBC Scotland}}</ref> ]'s Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an ''STV News Tayside'' opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, '']''. The city also had a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.		Dundee is home to one of eleven ] broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.<ref name="Contact numbers for BBC Scotland">{{harvnb|Contact numbers for BBC Scotland }}</ref> ]'s Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an ''STV News Tayside'' opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, '']''. The city also had a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.
	The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.<ref name="Radio Tay's first day">{{harvnb|Radio Tay's first day}}</ref> The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching ] for a younger audience and Tay 2 playing classic hits (now called ]). In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed ] following a claim by ] that the station could mistakenly be linked to its brand.		Dundee formerly had three local radio stations that were based in the city. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.<ref name="Radio Tay's first day">{{harvnb|Radio Tay's first day }}</ref> The station split frequencies in January 1995, launching ] for a younger audience and Tay AM playing classic hits (now called ]). Neither Tay FM or Greatest Hits Radio are based within the city of Dundee, with their only locally targeted show (Tay FM breakfast) being broadcast from a Bauer studio in Edinburgh. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed ] following a claim by ] that the station could mistakenly be linked to its brand. The station was further rebranded to Wave FM and Pure Radio. The 102FM frequency now carries a relay of Aberdeen-based radio station ] which features news and commercials exclusively for Tayside.
			=== Landmarks ===
			]
			The city and its landscape are dominated by ] and the ]. The Law, a large hill to the north of the ] was the site of an ] ], upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of ].<ref>{{harvnb|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing }}</ref> The waterfront, much altered by ] in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks.<ref>{{harvnb|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing }}</ref> The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate ] and the ], while ]'s ] occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to ] once sailed.
			The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54 }}</ref> This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by ], and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54 }}</ref> Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival ], built by ] in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street,<ref>{{harvnb|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57 }}</ref> and the Catholic ], built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.<ref>{{harvnb|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57 }}</ref>
			As a result of the destruction suffered during the ], little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the ]. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant ] ], who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544.<ref>{{harvnb|Historic Environment Scotland|SM164}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=32–33 }}</ref> Another is the building complex on the High Street known as ], parts of which date from around 1560.<ref>{{harvnb|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Dragging a building into the 21st century}}; {{harvnb|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards }}</ref> ] burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a ] abbey.<ref>{{harvnb|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=50–51 }}</ref>
			]
			Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of ] in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=120 }}</ref> ], originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=74–75 }}</ref> ], a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588.<ref>{{harvnb|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=103 }}</ref> In 1495 ] was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the ] and the ]. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of ], north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north.{{clarify|date=November 2014}}<ref>{{harvnb|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall }}</ref>
			North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the ], built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style.<ref>{{harvnb|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=47 }}</ref> Another school building of note is ] on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by ] in a Dutch Gothic style.<ref>{{harvnb|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=97 }}</ref>
			Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers {{circa|1850}}–1865,<ref>{{harvnb|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=85 }}</ref> ] in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849,<ref>{{harvnb|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=89 }}</ref><ref name="Cox Bros">{{cite web |title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers |url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27) |work=Archive Services Online Catalogue |publisher=] |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215193736/http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27) |archive-date=15 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=30–32 }}</ref>
			]
			A more recent landmark is the {{convert|140|ft|m|adj=mid}} Tower Building of the ] built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site.<ref name=Tower>{{cite journal |title=From the Archives: Fifty years since the Tower's foundation stone was laid |journal=Contact |date=October 2009 |pages=24–25 |publisher=University of Dundee }}</ref><ref name="Tower News">{{cite news |title=Dundee University's Tower Building needing facelift to address safety concerns |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518 |access-date=22 October 2013 |newspaper=The Courier |date=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031024458/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.<ref name="Tower Building">{{cite web |title=Tower Building |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/ |publisher=University of Dundee |access-date=22 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023063616/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/ |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s. The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program.<ref name="Muncher">{{cite news |title=Bye-bye Tayside House — 'Muncher' completes its work |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722 |access-date=2 March 2016 |work=The Courier |publisher=D C Thomson & Co, Ltd. |date=12 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081304/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> According to the architectural historian ] and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen.<ref name="LostTayHouse">{{cite book |last1=McKean |first1=Charles |last2=Whatley |first2=Patricia |last3=with Baxter |first3=Kenneth |title=Lost Dundee. Dundee's Lost Architectural Heritage |date=2013 |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-78027-106-4 |page=248 |edition=2nd }}</ref>
	== Sport and recreation ==		== Sport and recreation ==
	=== Football ===		=== Football ===
	] and ]]]		] and ]]]
	Dundee has two professional ] clubs: ], founded in 1893, and ], founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian. Dundee FC currently plays in the ] and Dundee United currently play in the ]. Their grounds ] and ] are just 100 metres apart, closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK. The ] is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football.		Dundee has two professional ] clubs: ], founded in 1893, and ], founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian. Dundee FC and Dundee United currently play in the ]. Their grounds ] and ] are just 100 metres apart, closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK. The ] is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football.
	Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two ] semi-finalists. Dundee lost to ] in ]<ref name="Dundee, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1962–1963}}</ref> and Dundee United lost to ] in ].<ref name="Dundee United, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1983–1984}}</ref> Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in ] and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in ].<ref name="Dundee United, UEFA Cup History">{{harvnb|UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987}}</ref> There are also seven junior football teams in the area: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K">{{harvnb|Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K}}</ref>		Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two ] semi-finalists. Dundee lost to ] in ]<ref name="Dundee, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1962–1963 }}</ref> and Dundee United lost to ] in ].<ref name="Dundee United, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1983–1984 }}</ref> Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in ] and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in ].<ref name="Dundee United, UEFA Cup History">{{harvnb|UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987 }}</ref> There are also seven junior football teams in the area: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K">{{harvnb|Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K }}</ref>
	=== Ice hockey ===		=== Ice hockey ===
	], the main ] team, play at the ]. The team joined the ] in the 2010/2011 season.<ref name="Dundee Stars join Elite">{{harvnb|Dundee Stars join Elite}}</ref> They are one of three professional ice hockey teams in Scotland, and play against teams from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in the Elite League. In the 2013/2014 season, Dundee Stars won the Gardiner Conference trophy, their only one to date. The majority of the players are from Canada and the United States. Omar Pacha is the current head coach and general manager of the Dundee Stars. There are also two amateur ice hockey teams, ] and ], who both play in the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://siha-uk.co.uk/scottish-national-league-structure-confirmed-for-2022-23-season/|title=Scottish National League structure confirmed for 2022/23 season|newspaper=Scottish Ice Hocky Association|date=1 August 2022|access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref>		], the main ] team, play at the ]. The team joined the ] in the ].<ref name="Dundee Stars join Elite">{{harvnb|Dundee Stars join Elite }}</ref> They are one of three professional ice hockey teams in Scotland, and play against teams from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in the Elite League. In the 2013/2014 season, Dundee Stars won the Gardiner Conference trophy, their only one to date. The majority of the players are from Canada and the United States. Marc LeFebvre is the current head coach and general manager of the Dundee Stars.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
			There also is an amateur ice hockey team, ], who play in the ].
	=== Rugby ===		=== Rugby ===
	The city is also home to six ] teams. ] play in ],<ref name="Dundee HSFP">{{harvnb|Dundee HSFP}}</ref> the second tier of Scottish club rugby. The remainder of the teams compete in the ] – ] play in Caledonia Division One,<ref name="Harris Academy">{{harvnb|Harris Academy}}</ref> ] and ] in Caledonia Division Two Midlands,<ref name="Morgan Academy">{{harvnb|Morgan Academy}}</ref> Dundee University Medics and Stobswell in Caledonia Division Three Midlands.<ref name="Panmure and Stobswell">{{harvnb|Panmure and Stobswell}}</ref>		The city is also home to six ] teams. ] play in ],<ref name="Dundee HSFP">{{harvnb|Dundee HSFP }}</ref> the second tier of Scottish club rugby. The remainder of the teams compete in the ] – ] play in Caledonia Division One,<ref name="Harris Academy">{{harvnb|Harris Academy }}</ref> ] and ] in Caledonia Division Two Midlands,<ref name="Morgan Academy">{{harvnb|Morgan Academy }}</ref> Dundee University Medics and Stobswell in Caledonia Division Three Midlands.<ref name="Panmure and Stobswell">{{harvnb|Panmure and Stobswell }}</ref>
	=== Athletics ===		=== Athletics ===
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	=== Other sports ===		=== Other sports ===
	Local sports clubs include ], Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club, Dundee Volleyball Club,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeevolleyballclub.com/ |title=Dundee Volleyball Club |access-date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225154549/http://www.dundeevolleyballclub.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dundee Northern Lights ] Club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics, ] and Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK).		Local sports clubs include ], Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club, Dundee Volleyball Club,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeevolleyballclub.com/ |title=Dundee Volleyball Club |access-date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225154549/http://www.dundeevolleyballclub.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dundee Northern Lights ] Club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics, ], ] and Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK).
	The ], opened in 2013, has a swimming pool.		The ], opened in 2013, has a swimming pool.
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	]		]
	Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by ]. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and ] reservoirs in ].<ref>{{harvnb|Scrimgeour|1968|pp=278–283}}</ref> Electricity distribution is by ] plc, part of the ] group.		Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by ]. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and ] reservoirs in ].<ref>{{harvnb|Scrimgeour|1968|pp=278–283 }}</ref> Electricity distribution is by ] plc, part of the ] group.
	Waste management is handled by ]. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme}}</ref> ] material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.<ref name="kerbside">{{harvnb|Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection}}</ref> Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Blue Bin Paper Collections}}</ref>		Waste management is handled by ]. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme }}</ref> ] material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.<ref name="kerbside">{{harvnb|Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection }}</ref> Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Blue Bin Paper Collections }}</ref>
	Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee.<ref name="Recycling Centres in Dundee">{{harvnb|Recycling Centres}}; {{harvnb|Recycling Points}}</ref> Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. Recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.<ref name="Waste Aware Tayside">{{harvnb|Waste Aware Tayside}}</ref>		Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee.<ref name="Recycling Centres in Dundee">{{harvnb|Recycling Centres}}; {{harvnb|Recycling Points }}</ref> Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. Recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.<ref name="Waste Aware Tayside">{{harvnb|Waste Aware Tayside }}</ref>
	Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street.<ref name="Policing in Dundee">{{harvnb|Policing in Dundee}}</ref> There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.<ref name="Policing in Dundee" />		Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street.<ref name="Policing in Dundee">{{harvnb|Policing in Dundee }}</ref> There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.<ref name="Policing in Dundee" />
	] is supplied in the area by ]. ], is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the ] which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife.<ref name="Scottish Ambulance Service">{{harvnb|Scottish Ambulance Service}}</ref> There is one ambulance station for the city; on West School Road.<ref name="Ambulance Stations in Scotland">{{harvnb|Ambulance Stations in Scotland}}</ref>		] is supplied in the area by ]. ], is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the ] which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife.<ref name="Scottish Ambulance Service">{{harvnb|Scottish Ambulance Service }}</ref> There is one ambulance station for the city; on West School Road.<ref name="Ambulance Stations in Scotland">{{harvnb|Ambulance Stations in Scotland }}</ref>
	The ] operate three fire stations, covering the city and surrounding villages. The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station.		The ] operate three fire stations, covering the city and surrounding villages. The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station.
Line 896:		Line 1,140:
	Chronologically:		Chronologically:
	* {{flagicon|FRA}} ], France (1946)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=Twin towns - Complete France |website=www.completefrance.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>		* ], France (1946)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=Twin towns - Complete France |website=www.completefrance.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* {{flagicon|CRO}} ], Croatia (1959)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities">{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins |title=Dundee's Twins |access-date=24 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725125917/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ |archive-date=25 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>		* ], Croatia (1959)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities">{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins |title=Dundee's Twins |access-date=24 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725125917/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ |archive-date=25 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	* {{flagicon|USA}} ], United States (1962)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/twinned-towns-dundee-and-alexandria-virginia-1-4021290 |title=Twinned Towns: Dundee and Alexandria, Virginia - the Scotsman |website=www.scotsman.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228132413/http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/twinned-towns-dundee-and-alexandria-virginia-1-4021290 |archive-date=28 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>		* ], United States (1962)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/twinned-towns-dundee-and-alexandria-virginia-1-4021290 |title=Twinned Towns: Dundee and Alexandria, Virginia - the Scotsman |website=www.scotsman.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228132413/http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/twinned-towns-dundee-and-alexandria-virginia-1-4021290 |archive-date=28 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* {{flagicon|DEU}} ], Germany (1962)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities" />		* ], Germany (1962)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities" />
	* {{flagicon|Palestine}} ], Palestine (1980)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities" />		* ], Palestine (1980)<ref name="Dundee's Sister Cities" />
	* {{flagicon|UAE}} ], United Arab Emirates (2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stv.tv/news/tayside/110625-scotlands-links-with-uae-celebrated-in-dundee/ |title=Scotland&#039;s links with UAE celebrated in Dundee |website=stv.tv |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325201716/https://stv.tv/news/tayside/110625-scotlands-links-with-uae-celebrated-in-dundee/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>		* ], United Arab Emirates (2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stv.tv/news/tayside/110625-scotlands-links-with-uae-celebrated-in-dundee/ |title=Scotland's links with UAE celebrated in Dundee |website=stv.tv |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325201716/https://stv.tv/news/tayside/110625-scotlands-links-with-uae-celebrated-in-dundee/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* {{flagicon|USA}} ], United States (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130624/news/706249932/ |title=West Dundee partners with its Scottish namesake |website=www.dailyherald.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325201447/https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130624/news/706249932/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>		* ], United States (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130624/news/706249932/ |title=West Dundee partners with its Scottish namesake |website=www.dailyherald.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325201447/https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130624/news/706249932/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	==Freedom of the City==		==Freedom of the City==
	The following people and military units have received the ] of Dundee.		The following people and military units have received the ] of Dundee.
	{{Incomplete list|date=November 2021}}		{{Incomplete list|date=November 2021}}
Line 917:		Line 1,160:
	* ]: 1954.		* ]: 1954.
	* ]: 1981.		* ]: 1981.
	* ]: 9 October 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/education/higher-education/1689274/crowds-chanted-on-historic-night-as-dundee-gave-nelson-mandela-the-city-keys/ |title=Crowds chanted on historic night as Dundee gave Nelson Mandela the city keys |last=Strachan |first=Graeme |date=31 October 2021 |website=The Courier |publisher= |access-date=3 November 2021 |quote=}}</ref>		* ]: 9 October 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/education/higher-education/1689274/crowds-chanted-on-historic-night-as-dundee-gave-nelson-mandela-the-city-keys/ |title=Crowds chanted on historic night as Dundee gave Nelson Mandela the city keys |last=Strachan |first=Graeme |date=31 October 2021 |website=The Courier |publisher= |access-date=3 November 2021 |quote= |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003023/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/education/higher-education/1689274/crowds-chanted-on-historic-night-as-dundee-gave-nelson-mandela-the-city-keys/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* Rev. William Macmillan		* Rev. William Macmillan
	* ]		* ]
	===Military units===		===Military units===
	* The ]: 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEefkpZE2cw|title=Queen Mother Accepts Freedom for Black Watch – 1954|last=British Movietone|date=21 July 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref>		* The ]: 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEefkpZE2cw |title=Queen Mother Accepts Freedom for Black Watch – 1954 |last=British Movietone |date=21 July 2015 |via=YouTube |access-date=4 November 2021 |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003020/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEefkpZE2cw |url-status=live }}</ref>
	== See also ==		== See also ==
Line 933:		Line 1,176:
	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
			{{notelist}}
	{{reflist|group=note}}
	== References ==		== References ==
Line 941:		Line 1,184:
	{{refbegin|40em}}		{{refbegin|40em}}
	* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic|2005}} |url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm |title=Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic |work=] |date=28 February 2005 |access-date=3 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606133942/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm |archive-date=6 June 2011 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic|2005}} |url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm |title=Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic |work=] |date=28 February 2005 |access-date=3 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606133942/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm |archive-date=6 June 2011 }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Almost Famous}} | last = Didcock | first = Barry | title = Almost Famous | newspaper = ] | date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | access-date = 6 September 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | archive-date = 27 April 2006 }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Almost Famous}} |last=Didcock |first=Barry |title=Almost Famous |newspaper=] |date=1 May 2005 |url=http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 |archive-date=27 April 2006 }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|City promotes Emirates connection}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm | title = City promotes Emirates connection | work = BBC News | date = 21 July 2009 | access-date = 5 May 2011 }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|City promotes Emirates connection}} |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm |title=City promotes Emirates connection |work=BBC News |date=21 July 2009 |access-date=5 May 2011 }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Stars join Elite}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm | title = Dundee Stars join top UK league | work = BBC Sport | date = 28 April 2010 | access-date = 7 August 2011 }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Dundee Stars join Elite}} |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm |title=Dundee Stars join top UK league |work=BBC Sport |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=7 August 2011 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120124427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm |url-status=live }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dragging a building into the 21st century}} | title = Dragging a building into the 21st Century | work = Scottish Planner | page = 11 | date = July 2010}}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dragging a building into the 21st century}} |title=Dragging a building into the 21st Century |work=Scottish Planner |page=11 |date=July 2010}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan|2005}} | title = Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | url = http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | access-date = 3 May 2011 | date = 19 February 2005 | work = The Scotsman | location = Edinburgh | first = Peter | last = Macmahon | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131909/https://www.scotsman.com/news | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan|2005}} |title=Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan |url=http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp |access-date=3 May 2011 |date=19 February 2005 |work=The Scotsman |location=Edinburgh |first=Peter |last=Macmahon |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131909/https://www.scotsman.com/news |url-status=live }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dundee House}} | title = Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | access-date = 18 August 2011 | date = 17 August 2011 | work = The Courier | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111118012314/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | archive-date = 18 November 2011 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dundee House}} |title=Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html |access-date=18 August 2011 |date=17 August 2011 |work=The Courier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118012314/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html |archive-date=18 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided}} | title = Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided | work = The Courier | date = 4 May 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html | access-date = 16 May 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided}} |title=Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided |work=The Courier |date=4 May 2011 |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html |access-date=16 May 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|First Dundee computer next year}} | date = 7 December 1966 | title = First Dundee computer next year | work = The Courier}}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|First Dundee computer next year}} |date=7 December 1966 |title=First Dundee computer next year |work=The Courier}}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}} | title = Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down | work = The Courier | date = 14 September 2010 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | access-date = 16 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110816132746/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | archive-date = 16 August 2011 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}} |title=Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down |work=The Courier |date=14 September 2010 |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html |access-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816132746/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html |archive-date=16 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}
	* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards}} |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm |title=Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards |publisher=University of Dundee |year=2009 |access-date=4 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226072532/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm |archive-date=26 February 2011 }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards}} |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm |title=Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards |publisher=University of Dundee |year=2009 |access-date=4 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226072532/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm |archive-date=26 February 2011 }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}} | title = Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week | work = The Courier | date = 5 March 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html | access-date = 16 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110309235616/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html | archive-date = 9 March 2011 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}} |title=Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week |work=The Courier |date=5 March 2011 |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html |access-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309235616/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html |archive-date=9 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Tenants gone, soon multi too}} | title = Tenants gone, soon multi too | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 2 March 2007 | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | access-date = 16 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316001602/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | archive-date = 16 March 2012 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Tenants gone, soon multi too}} |title=Tenants gone, soon multi too |work=Evening Telegraph |date=2 March 2007 |url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm |access-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316001602/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}
	* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}} | url = http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title = Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work = The Scotsman | date = 29 August 1993 | access-date = 8 July 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | archive-date = 14 June 2006 }}		* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}} |url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 |title=Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant |work=The Scotsman |date=29 August 1993 |access-date=8 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=14 June 2006 }}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}
	=== Websites ===		=== Websites ===
	{{refbegin|30em}}		{{refbegin|30em}}
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	* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}} |url=http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/ |title=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search |publisher=www.lds.org.uk |access-date=April 20, 2011 }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}} |url=http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/ |title=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search |publisher=www.lds.org.uk |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719234146/http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/ |url-status=live }}
	* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|College of Life Sciences}} |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ |title=College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre |publisher=] |access-date=26 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225212828/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ |archive-date=25 February 2006 }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|College of Life Sciences}} |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ |title=College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre |publisher=] |access-date=26 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225212828/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ |archive-date=25 February 2006 }}
	* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Comparative Employment: Dundee}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | access-date = 18 April 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162718/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | archive-date = 4 April 2012 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Comparative Employment: Dundee}} |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |title=Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland |publisher=Scotland's Census Results Online |year=2001 |access-date=18 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162718/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |archive-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}
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	* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dundee City Council Political Make-up}} |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm |title=Dundee City Council Political Make-up |work=Dundee City Council website |access-date=3 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408034440/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm |archive-date=8 April 2007 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dundee City Council Political Make-up}} |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm |title=Dundee City Council Political Make-up |work=Dundee City Council website |access-date=3 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408034440/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm |archive-date=8 April 2007 }}
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	* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Congregational Church}} | title = Dundee Congregational Church | url = http://www.dundeecongregationalchurch.org.uk/ | access-date = 29 March 2012 | archive-date = 7 May 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130507020815/http://dundeecongregationalchurch.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Dundee Congregational Church}} |title=Dundee Congregational Church |url=http://www.dundeecongregationalchurch.org.uk/ |access-date=29 March 2012 |archive-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507020815/http://dundeecongregationalchurch.org.uk/ |url-status=live }}
	* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Hebrew Congregation}} | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = scojec.org | access-date = 28 January 2009 | archive-date = 3 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081203162709/http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | url-status = live }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Dundee Hebrew Congregation}} |url=http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html |title=Dundee Hebrew Congregation |publisher=scojec.org |access-date=28 January 2009 |archive-date=3 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203162709/http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html |url-status=live }}
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	* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Waste Aware Tayside}} | publisher = Waste Aware Tayside | access-date = 3 June 2011 | title = Facts and Figures | url = http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131913/https://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Waste Aware Tayside}} |publisher=Waste Aware Tayside |access-date=3 June 2011 |title=Facts and Figures |url=http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131913/https://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/ |url-status=live }}
	* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee}} | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = dundee-unitarians.org.uk | access-date = 30 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090228073944/http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk/ | archive-date = 28 February 2009 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}		* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee}} |url=http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk |title=Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee |publisher=dundee-unitarians.org.uk |access-date=30 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228073944/http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk/ |archive-date=28 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Aug 1995 Maximum}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title = Aug 1995 Maximum | access-date = 22 March 2011 | archive-date = 13 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211916/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Aug 1995 Maximum}} |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 |title=Aug 1995 Maximum |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211916/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 |url-status=live }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Jul 2006 Mean}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 | title = Jul 2006 Mean | access-date = 22 March 2011 | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131920/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Jul 2006 Mean}} |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 |title=Jul 2006 Mean |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131920/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 |url-status=live }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|1971–2000 average warmest day}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title = 1971–2000 average warmest day | access-date = 22 March 2011 | archive-date = 13 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211938/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|1971–2000 average warmest day}} |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 |title=1971–2000 average warmest day |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211938/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 |url-status=live }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|1971–2000 >25c days}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 | title = 1971–2000 >25c days | access-date = 22 March 2011 | archive-date = 13 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211949/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|1971–2000 >25c days}} |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 |title=1971–2000 >25c days |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513211949/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 |url-status=live }}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}
	=== Maps ===		=== Maps ===
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007}} | title = Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath | work = ] Landranger Map | edition = B2 | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-319-22980-4| last1 = Ordnance Survey | first1 = Great Britain }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007}} |title=Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath |work=] Landranger Map |edition=B2 |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-319-22980-4 |last1=Ordnance Survey |first1=Great Britain}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982}} | work = Soil Survey of Scotland | publisher = Macaulay Institute for Soil Research | location = Aberdeen | year = 1982 | title = Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982}} |work=Soil Survey of Scotland |publisher=Macaulay Institute for Soil Research |location=Aberdeen |year=1982 |title=Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}}
	* {{citation | title = Plan of Dundee | work = Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland | year = 1912 | last = Bartholomew | first = John G. | location = Edinburgh | publisher = The Edinburgh Geographical Institute | url = http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/bartholomew/page.cfm?id=1208 | access-date =21 April 2011}}		* {{citation |title=Plan of Dundee |work=Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland |year=1912 |last=Bartholomew |first=John G. |location=Edinburgh |publisher=The Edinburgh Geographical Institute |url=http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/bartholomew/page.cfm?id=1208 |access-date=21 April 2011}}
	* {{citation | title = Plan of the town of Dundee, with the improvements now in progress | last = Edward | first = Charles | year = 1846 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = W. & A.K. Johnston | url = http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=411 | access-date =21 April 2011}}		* {{citation |title=Plan of the town of Dundee, with the improvements now in progress |last=Edward |first=Charles |year=1846 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=W. & A.K. Johnston |url=http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=411 |access-date=21 April 2011}}
	* {{citation | last = Pont | first = T. | title = Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher = nls.uk | date = 1583–96 | url = http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | archive-url = https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20130415182116/http://maps.nls.uk/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 15 April 2013 | access-date = 22 April 2011 }}		* {{citation |last=Pont |first=Thomas |title=Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. |publisher=nls.uk |date=1583–1596 |url=http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113204841/http://maps.nls.uk/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2011 |access-date=22 April 2011}}
	* {{citation | title = Plan of the Town of Dundee from actual survey | last = Wood | first = John | year = 1821 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = Ballantyne | url = http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=331 | access-date =21 April 2011}}		* {{citation |title=Plan of the Town of Dundee from actual survey |last=Wood |first=John |year=1821 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Ballantyne |url=http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=331 |access-date=21 April 2011}}
	=== Listed building reports ===		=== Listed building reports ===
	{{refbegin|40em}}		{{refbegin|40em}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}} | title = 150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25455 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25455 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}} |title=150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25455 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25455 |url-status=live}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}} | title = 2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25030 | date = 4 February 1965 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131933/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25030 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}} |title=2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25030 |date=4 February 1965 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131933/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25030 |url-status=live}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}} | title = 2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25101 | date = 4 February 1965 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25101 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}} |title=2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25101 |date=4 February 1965 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25101 |url-status=live}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing}} | title = 27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25140 | date = 18 May 1987 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing}} |title=27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25140 |date=18 May 1987 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}} | title = 70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25239 | date = 4 February 1965 | work = Historic Scotland | access-date = 28 March 2012 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}} |title=70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25239 |date=4 February 1965 |work=Historic Scotland |access-date=28 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25066 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}} |title=Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25066 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}} | title = Camperdown Dock, Category A listing | date = 12 March 1993 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24923 | access-date = 27 March 2012 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}} |title=Camperdown Dock, Category A listing |date=12 March 1993 |work=Historic Scotland |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24923 |access-date=27 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}} | title = Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24997 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}} |title=Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24997 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Claypotts Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25913 | date = 8 May 1975 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland | archive-date = 28 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25913 | url-status = live }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}} |title=Claypotts Castle, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25913 |date=8 May 1975 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131939/http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB25913 |url-status=live}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Dudhope Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25195 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}} |title=Dudhope Castle, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25195 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{Historic Environment Scotland|desc=Wishart Arch, gateway 50m E of 15 Cowgate, Dundee|num=SM164|mode=cs2 |access-date=31 March 2019}}		* {{Historic Environment Scotland|desc=Wishart Arch, gateway 50m E of 15 Cowgate, Dundee|num=SM164|mode=cs2 |access-date=31 March 2019}}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}} | title = Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25177 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}} |title=Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25177 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}} | title = Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25288 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}} |title=Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25288 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing}} | title = Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing | date = 12 March 1993 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25409 | access-date = 27 March 2012 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing}} |title=Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing |date=12 March 1993 |work=Historic Scotland |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25409 |access-date=27 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}} | title = Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing | date = 12 July 1963 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25312 | access-date = 28 March 2012 }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}} |title=Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing |date=12 July 1963 |work=Historic Scotland |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25312 |access-date=28 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}} | title = Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25041 | date = 4 February 1965 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}} |title=Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25041 |date=4 February 1965 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25378 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}} |title=Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25378 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25374 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}} |title=Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25374 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25382 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}} |title=Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25382 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25370 | date = 12 July 1963 | access-date = 27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}} |title=Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25370 |date=12 July 1963 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall}} | title = Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=19018 | date = 11 June 1971 | access-date = 28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland }}		* {{citation |ref={{harvid|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall}} |title=Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=19018 |date=11 June 1971 |access-date=28 March 2012 |work=Historic Scotland}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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	{{refend}}		{{refend}}
	=== Bibliography ===		=== Bibliography ===
	{{refbegin|30em}}		{{refbegin|30em}}
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	{{refend}}		{{refend}}
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	* {{wikivoyage inline}}		* {{wikivoyage inline}}
	* {{Curlie|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Dundee,_City_of}}
	*
	* (selection of archive films about Dundee)		* (selection of archive films about Dundee)
	{{Dundee}}		{{Dundee}}
			{{Areas of Dundee}}
			{{Adjacent communities
			| title = Destinations from Dundee
			| Northwest = ], ]
			| North = ]
			| Northeast = ], ''']'''
			| West = ''']'''
			| Centre = DUNDEE
			| East = ], ]
			| Southwest = ''']''', ''']'''
			| South = ], ]
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	{{Scotland subdivisions}}		{{Scotland subdivisions}}
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Latest revision as of 14:22, 22 December 2024

City and council area in Scotland This article is about the city in Scotland. For other uses, see Dundee (disambiguation).

Place in Scotland

Dundee Dùn Dè (Scottish Gaelic)
City, lieutenancy and council area
Skyline of Dundee from FifeV&A DundeeRRS DiscoveryTay BridgeMcManus Galleries
FlagCoat of arms
Etymology: Dùn Dè ('Tay Fort')
Dundee shown within Scotland
Coordinates: 56°27′38″N 2°58′12″W / 56.460556°N 2.97°W / 56.460556; -2.97
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	Scotland
Founded	c. 11th century AD
Burgh charter	1191
City status	26 January 1889
Unitary authority	1 April 1996
Administrative HQ	Dundee City Chambers
Government
• Type	Council
• Body	Dundee City Council
• Control	Scottish National Party
• MPs	2 MPs Stephen Gethins (SNP) Chris Law (SNP)
• MSPs	2 MSPs Joe FitzPatrick (SNP) Shona Robison (SNP)
Area
• Total	20 sq mi (60 km)
• Rank	32nd
Population
• Total	148,350
• Rank	13th
• Density	6,430/sq mi (2,481/km)
Demonym	Dundonian
Time zone	UTC+0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode areas	DD1–5
Dialling codes	01382
ISO 3166 code	GB-DND
GSS code	S12000042
Website	dundeecity.gov.uk

Dundee (/dʌnˈdiː/ ; Scots: Dundee; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dè or Dùn Dèagh, pronounced [t̪un ˈtʲeː]) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was 148,210, giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km (6,420/mi), the second-highest in Scotland. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea.

Under the name of Dundee City, it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Angus, the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port. Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry. This, along with its other major industries, gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".

With the decline of traditional industry, the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre. In pursuit of this, a £1 billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30-year period. The V&A Dundee – the first branch of the V&A to operate outside of London – is the main centrepiece of the waterfront project. Today, Dundee is promoted as "One City, Many Discoveries" in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point.

Dundee is an international research and development hub in technology, medicine and life sciences, with technological industries having arrived since the 1980s. Dundee was named as a "City of the Future" by Cognizant in 2021, the only UK city to be featured. Dundee has also been a leading city in electric vehicles, having one of the largest fleets of electric vehicles in the country. The city was named as the electric vehicle capital of Europe in 2018, and it has continuously been branded as the electric vehicle capital of Scotland and the United Kingdom.

In 2014, Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games. Since 2015, Dundee's international profile has risen. GQ magazine named Dundee the "Coolest Little City in Britain" in 2015 and The Wall Street Journal ranked Dundee at number 5 on its "Worldwide Hot Destinations" list for 2018.

Etymology

The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common Celtic place-name element dun, meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic dè, meaning 'fire'.

History

Main articles: History of Dundee and Timeline of Dundee history

Early history

While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant, Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century. The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth. The earldom was passed down to David's descendants, amongst whom was John Balliol. The town became a Royal Burgh on John's coronation as king in 1292. The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312. The original burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.

The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground. In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose. The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by George Monck in 1651. The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on the Dundee Law in 1689. The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715–16 rising, and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne, James VIII and III (the Old Pretender), made a public entry into the town. Many in Scotland, including many in Dundee, regarded him as the rightful king.

A notable resident of Dundee was Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, Baron of Lundie (1 July 1731 to 4 August 1804). He was born in Dundee on 1 July 1731, the son of Alexander Duncan of Lundie, Provost of Dundee. Adam was educated in Dundee and later joined the Royal Navy on board the sloop Trial. He rose to be admiral and in October 1797 defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem). This was seen as one of the most significant actions in naval history.

18th and 19th centuries

The economy of medieval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century. Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success: the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-storey mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on Osnaburg linen produced for export. Expansion of the whaling industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skill base. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.

The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for cheaper, tough fabrics. The discovery that the dry fibres of jute could be lubricated with whale oil (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax. Interruption of Prussian flax imports during the Crimean War and of cotton during the American Civil War resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, led to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers. Cox Brothers, who owned the massive Camperdown Works in Lochee, were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5,000 workers.

The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries, and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity. At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic research vessel, the RRS Discovery. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city. A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.

While the city's economy was dominated by the jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were James Keiller's and Sons, established in 1795, which pioneered commercial marmalade production, and the publishing firm DC Thomson, which was founded in the city in 1905. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.

The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster. The first Tay Rail Bridge was opened in 1878. It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives. The most destructive fire in the city's history came in 1906, reportedly sending "rivers of burning whisky" through the street.

20th and 21st centuries

The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta. This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period, but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR, and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.

Dundee was the first city in Scotland to gain official city status, after Queen Victoria signed a patent announcing the transition of Dundee from a royal burgh into a city. Dundee would officially gain city status on 26 January 1889. The patent still exists and is kept in storage in the city archives.

A £1 billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30-year period between 2001 and 2031. The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; to improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree-lined boulevards; and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge. A new Victoria and Albert Museum opened on 15 September 2018. A new Eden Project attraction is also set to open in Dundee by the 2030s.

Governance

Main article: Politics of Dundee

Representation

Dundee City is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, administered by Dundee City Council. The council meets at Dundee City Chambers in City Square and has its mains offices at Dundee House on North Lindsay Street. The civic head and chair of the council is the Lord Provost. The council area is also divided into eighteen community council areas, three of which (Broughty Ferry, City Centre and Harbour, and West End) had community councils operating as at August 2024.

For elections to the House of Commons at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus council area are divided into two constituencies. The constituencies of Arbroath and Broughty Ferry and Dundee West are represented by Stephen Gethins (Scottish National Party) and Chris Law (Scottish National Party), respectively, both of whom were elected and re-elected respectively at the 2024 general election. For elections to the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, the city area is divided across three constituencies. The Dundee City East constituency and the Dundee City West constituency are entirely within the city area. The Angus South (Holyrood) constituency includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area. All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region: Shona Robison (SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency; Joe Fitzpatrick (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency and Graeme Dey (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.

Winston Churchill served as one of two MPs for Dundee from 1908 to 1922.

Administrative history

Dundee appears to have been made a burgh sometime between 1181 and 1195. It was then raised to royal burgh status on the coronation of John Balliol as King of Scotland in 1292. The city has two mottos: Latin: Dei Donum ('Gift of God') and Prudentia et Candore ('With Thought and Purity') although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.

Dundee was declared a city in 1889, being the first Scottish place to have the title of city explicitly conferred on it rather than assuming it by customary usage. In 1894, Dundee was made a county of itself, removing it from Angus. The city's boundaries were enlarged on numerous occasions, notably in 1913 when it absorbed the neighbouring burgh of Broughty Ferry.

From 1975 to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council, one of three district-level authorities within the Tayside region. The district was created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and covered a larger area than the pre-1975 city, taking in the burgh of Monifieth and most of the landward district of Monifieth (covering a number of villages north of Dundee) from Angus, and the parish of Longforgan (which included Invergowrie) from Perthshire. In 1996, the Dundee City council area was created under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. Monifieth and the villages north of Dundee itself were transferred back to Angus, and the Longforgan area (including Invergowrie) was transferred to Perth and Kinross, largely reinstating the pre-1975 boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.

Independence referendum

On 18 September 2014, Dundee was one of four council areas to vote "Yes" in the Scottish independence referendum, with 57.3% voting "Yes" on a 78.8% turnout. With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland, some in the Yes Scotland campaign nicknamed Dundee the "Yes City", including former First Minister Alex Salmond.

Geography

Dundee sits on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the eastern, North Sea Coast of Scotland. The city lies 36.1 miles (58 km) NNE of Edinburgh and 360.6 miles (580 km) NNW of London. The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 8.3 miles (13 km) long by 2.5 miles (4 km) wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the Dundee Law (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn, the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills, the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill (455 m).

The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay. On the westernmost boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the Invergowrie burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin. The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between Barnhill and Monifieth. The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been culverted over.

Geology

The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil anticline, and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group. Differential weathering of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the Dundee Law (a late Silurian/early Devonian Mafic rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a Felsic rock intrusion of similar age). In the east of the city, in Craigie and Broughty Ferry, the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks, including mafic lava and tuff.

The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city, bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying, the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.

Urban environment

Very little of pre-Reformation Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining. The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation. Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (Lochee), Scouring Burn (Blackness) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills. The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.

Working-class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas. Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population. While gradual improvements and slum clearance began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking Logie housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect James Thomson, whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.

Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre. The Tay Road Bridge, completed in 1966, had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river. An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs, including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s. These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s. Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition.

123456789 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031InvergowrieMonifiethBirkhillBridgefootStrathmartineLiffBurnside of DuntruneKellasKingennieBucklerheadsBalmerinoWormitNewport-on-Tayclass=notpageimage| Areas of Dundee and nearby settlements

Areas of Dundee:

1. Ardler
2. Balgay
3. Balgowan
4. Ballumbie
5. Blackness
6. Broughty Ferry
7. Barnhill
8. Camperdown
9. Charleston
10. City Centre
11. Claverhouse
12. Craigiebank
13. Douglas
14. Downfield
15. Dryburgh
16. Fintry
17. Gowrie Park
18. Hilltown
19. Kirkton
20. Dundee Law
21. Lochee
22. Logie
23. Menzieshill
24. Mill of Mains
25. Ninewells
26. Pitkerro
27. St Marys
28. Stobswell
29. West End
30. Whitfield
31. Woodside

Climate

The climate, like the rest of lowland Scotland, is Oceanic (Köppen-Geiger classification Cfb). Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with the city's sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in spring and summer. The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe, something compensated for by the mild winters, similar to the rest of the British Isles. The nearest official Met Office weather station is Mylnefield, Invergowrie which is about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the City Centre.

A record high of 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) was recorded in July 2013. The warmest month was July 2006, with an average temperature of 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) (average high 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), average low 12.3 °C (54.1 °F)). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach 25.2 °C (77.4 °F), and in total just 1.86 days should equal or exceed a temperature of 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.

On average, 4.73 days should record a minimum temperature at or below -5 °C and there are 53.26 days of air frost on average. From 1991 to 2020, Mylnefield averaged 0.9 ice days, 50 days with precipitation of more than 5mm and 19.56 days with more than 10mm. The weather station is in plant hardiness zone 10a.

Climate data for Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1991–2020, extremes 1960–2010
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.6 (58.3)	15.2 (59.4)	21.6 (70.9)	22.9 (73.2)	23.7 (74.7)	27.8 (82.0)	29.3 (84.7)	28.7 (83.7)	25.0 (77.0)	22.8 (73.0)	16.7 (62.1)	14.5 (58.1)	29.3 (84.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	6.7 (44.1)	7.5 (45.5)	9.5 (49.1)	12.0 (53.6)	14.9 (58.8)	17.4 (63.3)	19.4 (66.9)	19.3 (66.7)	16.9 (62.4)	13.1 (55.6)	9.4 (48.9)	6.8 (44.2)	12.7 (54.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	0.7 (33.3)	1.1 (34.0)	2.3 (36.1)	4.0 (39.2)	6.3 (43.3)	9.2 (48.6)	11.0 (51.8)	10.8 (51.4)	9.0 (48.2)	6.2 (43.2)	3.0 (37.4)	0.8 (33.4)	5.4 (41.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−17.1 (1.2)	−11.2 (11.8)	−10.0 (14.0)	−4.4 (24.1)	−2.3 (27.9)	−0.7 (30.7)	2.8 (37.0)	1.7 (35.1)	−0.6 (30.9)	−3.4 (25.9)	−10.4 (13.3)	−12.7 (9.1)	−17.1 (1.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	69.3 (2.73)	54.0 (2.13)	49.5 (1.95)	45.2 (1.78)	51.0 (2.01)	62.5 (2.46)	65.6 (2.58)	74.5 (2.93)	54.3 (2.14)	85.1 (3.35)	71.9 (2.83)	65.9 (2.59)	748.8 (29.48)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm)	12.1	9.7	9.4	8.6	9.7	10.8	11.0	10.6	9.4	11.6	12.4	11.9	127.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours	53.5	83.6	121.1	159.9	200.8	163.3	172.7	165.0	130.1	96.6	70.0	44.0	1,460.6
Source 1: Met Office,(all data except extremes)
Source 2: KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Meteoclimat

Demography

Population

Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the 1971 census. According to the 2011 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 147,268. A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 149,680 in 2020. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%). The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years, respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.

Residents

The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union (EU) countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old.

City of Dundee compared according to the 2011 UK census

	City of Dundee	Scotland	United Kingdom
Total population	147,268	5,295,403	63,182,000
Foreign born	9%	7%	12.7%
Over 75 years old	8.3%	7.7%	7.9%
Unemployed	5.7%	4.8%	7.4%

Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent, which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong /ɛ/ (pronounced "eh") in place of the diphthong /aj/ (pronounced "ai"). Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821. Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.

The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, in the 19th century Jews, fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned Poland and from German occupation in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has around 4,000 Asian residents which is the fourth-largest Asian community in Scotland. The city also has 1.0% of residents from a Black/African/Caribbean background.

Students

Dundee has a higher proportion of university students – one in seven of the population – than any other town in Europe, except Heidelberg. The 14.2% come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges. Dundee is a major attraction for Northern Irish students who make up 5% of the total student population. The city's universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of Northern Ireland and have a big impact on the local economy and culture. However, this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK. Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad, mostly from the Republic of Ireland and other EU countries but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and Nigeria.

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group	1981 estimations		1991		2001		2011		2022
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
White: Total	172,162	98.6%	162,630	98%	140,330	96.31%	138,460	94%	133,621	89.9%
White: Scottish	–	–	–	–	128,507	88.22%	123,827	84.08%	114,803	77.21%
White: Other British	–	–	–	–	7,822	5.36%	7,783	5.28%	9,119	6.13%
White: Irish	–	–	1,167	0.7%	1,470	1%	1,369	0.93%	1,342	0.90%
White: Gypsy/Traveller	–	–	–	–	–	–	98	–	87	–
White: Polish	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,990	1.35%	3,153	2.12%
White: Other	–	–	–	–	2,531	1.73%	3,393	2.30%	5,117	3.44%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Total	–	–	2,573	1.55%	4,094	2.81%	5,838	3.96%	8,806	5.92%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Indian	–	–	628	0.37%	1,023	0.70%	1,417	0.96%	2,068	1.39%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Pakistani	–	–	1,157	0.69%	1,723	1.18%	2,047	1.39%	3,395	2.28%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Bangladeshi	–	–	119	–	233	0.16%	310	0.21%	696	0.47%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Chinese	–	–	398	0.24%	699	0.48%	1,274	0.87%	1,342	0.90%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Asian Other	–	–	271	0.16%	416	0.29%	790	0.54%	1,309	0.88%
Black, Black Scottish or Black British	–	–	254	0.15%	35	–	–	–	–	–
African: Total	–	–	–	–	288	0.19%	1,170	0.79%	2,090	1.41%
African: African, African Scottish or African British	–	–	–	–	288	0.19%	1,163	0.79%	108	–
African: Other African	–	–	–	–	–	–	7	–	1,982	1.33%
Caribbean or Black: Total	–	–	-	-	60	-	269	0.18%	187	0.13%
Caribbean	–	–	–	–	60	–	167	0.11%	62	–
Black	–	–	–	–	–	–	66	–	18	–
Caribbean or Black: Other	–	–	–	–	–	–	36	–	110	–
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: Total	–	–	–	–	395	0.27%	685	0.46%	1,970	1.32%
Other: Total	–	–	416	0.25%	461	0.31%	846	0.57%	2,023	1.36%
Other: Arab	–	–	–	–	–	–	693	0.47%	1,244	0.84%
Other: Any other ethnic group			416	0.25%	461	0.31%	153	0.1%	779	0.52%
Non-White: Total	2,475	1.4%	3,243	2%	5,333	3.6%	8,808	6%	15,076	10.1%
Total:	174,637	100%	165,873	100%	145,663	100%	147,268	100%	148,697	100%

The proportion of people residing in Dundee born outside the UK was 12.9% in 2022, compared with 9.0% in 2011 and 4.9% in 2001. Below are the fifteen largest overseas-born groups in Dundee according to the 2022 census, alongside the two previous censuses.

Country of birth	2022	2011	2001
Poland	2,616	1,807	127
India	1,449	986	599
Pakistan	1,364	862	701
Nigeria	1,186	601	66
Germany	775	899	696
United States	602	314	209
China	553	730	298
Ireland	529	572	625
Italy	474	199	197
Romania	435	95	11
Bangladesh	434	201	125
Spain	362	166	114
Latvia	355	211	0
Hong Kong	309	246	201
Malaysia	299	291	155
Overall – all overseas-born	19,194	13,253	7,198

Religion

The Church of Scotland Presbytery of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges. Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's) and the Steeple Church, are the most prominent Church of Scotland buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th-century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.

Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square. Other presbyterian groups include the Free Church which meet at St. Peters (the historic church of Robert Murray M'Cheyne).

In the Middle Ages Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans (Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street (also referred to as the Dek-tarn street) and The Howff burial ground, respectively.

Religion of Dundee residents, 2022
No religion			54.6%
Christian			33.2%
Religion not stated			6.0%
Muslim			4.2%
Hindu			0.8%
Buddhist			0.5%
Pagan			0.5%
Other religion			0.2%
Sikh			0.1%
Jewish			0.07%
Source: 2022 census

St. Paul's Cathedral is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city, as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. Since 2018 the diocese has been led by Bishop Andrew Swift. St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, led by Bishop Stephen Robson. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area, including St Mary, Our Lady of Victories Church in the city.

There are Methodist, Baptist, Congregationalist, Pentecostal and Salvation Army churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Unitarians, the Society of Friends, the Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, Christadelphians, and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Muslims are served by the Dundee Central Mosque, built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown. There are three other mosques in the city including Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road, Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie's Lane. Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the University of Dundee campus.

The Sikh community is served by the Guru Nanak Gurdwara on Victoria Road, which serves its community in Dundee.

A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century. There is a small Orthodox synagogue at Dudhope Park which was built in the 1960s, with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (4.8 km) to the east. Dundee Buddhist Group is a Buddhist Temple based in Reform Street. There is also a Hindu mandir in Taylor's Lane, situated in the West End of the city.

Economy

Further information: Economy of Scotland

In 1911 40% of the city's population was employed in the jute industry. By 1951 this had dropped to 20%, and now is effectively zero. The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. NCR Corporation selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945, primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash registers, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers. Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers was merged into Morphy Richards and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a Michelin tyre-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade on 30 April 1969.

Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month industrial dispute. The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020, with the loss of 850 jobs.

Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour. Many people from North East Fife, Angus and Perth and Kinross commute to the city. As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011–2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210. The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside, Dundee City Council, University of Dundee, Tayside Contracts, Tesco, D. C. Thomson & Co and BT. Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee, such as the Care Inspectorate (Scotland), the Scottish Social Services Council and Social Security Scotland.

Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR, Michelin, Alliance Trust, Aviva, Royal Bank of Scotland, Asda, Stagecoach Strathtay, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink, Rochen Limited, C J Lang & Son (SPAR Scotland), Joinery and Timber Creations, Xplore Dundee, and W. L. Gore and Associates. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period. Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80. Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.

The biomedical and biotechnology sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and video game development have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.

Rockstar North, developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the Abertay University. Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form Rockstar Dundee. Other game development studios in Dundee include Denki, Dynamo Games, 4J Studios and Outplay Entertainment, among others.

Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland. The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer, Accessorise. The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the 420,000-square-foot (39,000-square-metre) Overgate Centre which is anchored by Primark, H&M, Next, Argos, and The Perfume Shop and the 310,000-square-foot (29,000-square-metre) Wellgate Centre by Home Bargains, T. J. Hughes, B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric, Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park. The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022.

Transport

Road

Dundee is served by the A90 road, which connects the city to the M90 and Perth in the west with Forfar and Aberdeen in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway. East of the A90's Forfar Road junction, the Kingsway East continues as the A972 and meets the A92 at the Scott Fyffe roundabout. Travelling east, the A92 connects the city to Arbroath and Montrose and to the south with Fife, via the Tay Road Bridge.

The A930 links the city with coastal settlements to the east, including Monifieth and Carnoustie. Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout, the A85 follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout. The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth.

Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the A991 Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The A923 Dundee to Dunkeld road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the A929 links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.

Bus

Dundee has an extensive network of bus routes. The Seagate bus station is the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. Xplore Dundee operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay and Moffat & Williamson. The city's two railway stations are the main Dundee station, near the waterfront, which has now finished re-construction as part of the waterfront re-development programme and the much smaller Broughty Ferry station at the eastern end of the city.

There are also many inter-city bus services offered by Megabus, Citylink and National Express.

Rail, air and sea

Passenger services at Dundee are provided by ScotRail, CrossCountry, Caledonian Sleeper and London North Eastern Railway. There are other nearby stations at Invergowrie, Balmossie and Monifieth. No freight trains have served the city since the Freightliner terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.

Dundee Airport offers commercial flights to Heathrow Airport, Kirkwall Airport, and Sumburgh (Shetland) by Loganair. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport, 59.2 miles (95.3 km) to the south.

The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by Forth Ports. Seafarers arriving at the port are offered welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity Apostleship of the Sea. The seaport in recent years has saw a significant increase in cruises arriving at port. In 2023, Ambassador Cruise Line made Dundee a port call following the launch of their second ship Ambition. Cruises from Dundee depart to Norway, Denmark, France, Spain, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Education

See also: List of schools in Dundee

Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20,000. The University of Dundee became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews. It was founded in 1881 by Mary Ann Baxter and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College, Dundee, and teaching began in 1883. It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen's College, Dundee in 1954. Significant research in biomedical fields is carried out in the School of Life Sciences. The university is also home to Dundee Law School, situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and the School of Medicine, based at the city's Ninewells Hospital. The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design and the teacher training college.

Abertay University was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. Previously, the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College, a further education college. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in the fields of computer games technology and cyber-security. Notable alumni include David Jones, founder of DMA Design (now known as Rockstar North), Sir Brian Souter, founder of Stagecoach, and Lord Iain McNicol, former General Secretary of the Labour Party.

Dundee College is the city's umbrella further education college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training. As of 2013, it merged with Angus College in Arbroath, to become Dundee and Angus College (D&A college). The Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002. It is a research-led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by SQA in the study of Islam and Muslims, Arabic language and Islamic Economics and Finance. It is an independent institution. It is named after its patron, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and 8 secondary state schools in the city. There are 11 primary and 2 secondary Roman Catholic denominational schools which, as in the rest of Scotland, are open to children of all denominations. The remainder are non-denominational. There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.

Dundee has one independent school, the High School of Dundee, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot and monks of Lindores Abbey. The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832–34. Notable students in the early modern period included Thomas Thomson, Hector Boece, and the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, used early in the Scottish Reformation as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology. According to Blind Harry's largely apocryphal work The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, William Wallace was also educated in Dundee.

Culture

Dundee made a bid to be named the 2017 UK City of Culture, and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short-listed cities alongside Hull, Leicester and Swansea Bay. Ultimately, Dundee's bid was unsuccessful, with Hull winning the contest. Dundee came in fifth place in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom, ahead of other Scottish cities.

In August 2021, Dundee made a joint bid with Perth and Kinross, Angus and Fife for the UK City of Culture again in 2025 under the title of 'Tay Cities'.

Dundee also went to bid to become the European Capital of Culture in 2023 but due to the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union in June 2016, Dundee's bid, along with those of other British cities submitting bids, was discontinued by the European Commission.

Museums and galleries

The city's main museum and art gallery, McManus Galleries, is in Albert Square. The exhibits include work by James McIntosh Patrick, Alberto Morrocco and David McClure amongst the collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Dundee Contemporary Arts (abbreviated DCA) opened in 1999 is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep, which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen arthouse cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar. Britain's only full-time public observatory, Mills Observatory at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill, was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935. Dundee Science Centre in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits. Verdant Works is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill.

The University of Dundee also runs several public museums and galleries, including the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum and the Tayside Medical History Museum. The university, through Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art, and its archives including: the abcD (artists' books collection Dundee); the REWIND Archive (video art collection); and the Richard Demarco Digital Archive.

The V&A Dundee Museum of Design opened in September 2018 and is built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay in a building designed by Kengo Kuma. It was officially opened by the Earl and Countess of Strathearn in 2019. It is the centrepiece of the city's waterfront redevelopment. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs.

The city's archival records are mostly kept by two archives: Dundee City Archives, operated by Dundee City Council and the University of Dundee's Archive Services. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former Tayside Regional Council. The archive also holds the records of various people, groups and organisations connected to the city. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university, such as D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals, businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area. The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee; records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust and the department store G. L. Wilson; the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church; and the NHS Tayside Archive. The same archive also holds the Michael Peto collection which includes thousands of the photojournalist's photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.

Literature

Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy, Rosamunde Pilcher, Kate Atkinson, Thomas Dick, Mary Shelley, Mick McCluskey, John Burnside and Neil Forsyth. The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included: Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "world's worst poet", worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster.

Dundee's poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology Whaleback City edited by W. N. Herbert and Andy Jackson (Dundee University Press) containing poems by McGonagall, Don Paterson, Douglas Dunn, John Burnside and many others. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.

Cinema

The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition. DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF) among other important international mountain film festivals.

Dundee Contemporary Arts hosts an annual horror film festival called Dundead, which started in 2011. It also hosts the Discovery Film Festival, an international film festival targeted for young audiences.

The city also has two Multiplex cinemas, Odeon and Cineworld.

Theatre, drama, dance

Dundee is home to a full-time repertory ensemble, which originated in 1939. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox, is a native of the city. The Dundee Repertory Theatre, built in 1982, is also the base for the Scottish Dance Theatre company.

The Whitehall Theatre opened in 1969.

The Little Theatre at the foot of the Hilltown is home to and maintained by Dundee Dramatic Society.

Music

Dundee's principal concert auditorium, the Caird Hall (named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird) in the City Square regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz, Guitar and Blues Festivals.

Dundee has hosted the National Mod a number of times – 1902, 1913, 1937, 1959 and 1974.

Dundee also hosted BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend back in 2006 and was due to host for a second time in 2020 but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Dundee hosted the event again on 26th-28 May 2023 at Camperdown Park in the north-west of the city.

Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul-funk outfit Average White Band, the Associates, the band Spare Snare, Danny Wilson, the Hazey Janes, and the Indie rock bands the View and the Law are from Dundee. Musician, songwriter and performer Michael Marra was born and raised in Dundee. Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue and singer-songwriter KT Tunstall are former pupils of the High School of Dundee, although Tunstall is not a native of the city. The Northern Irish indie rock band Snow Patrol was formed by students at the University of Dundee. Brian Molko, lead singer of Placebo, grew up in the city as did Ian Cussick, singer of Lake. At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza.

Media

Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Co. Ltd, established in 1905, which produces over 200 million magazines, newspapers and comics every year; these include The Beano, The Dandy and The Press and Journal.

Dundee is home to one of eleven BBC Scotland broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre. STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an STV News Tayside opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, STV News at Six. The city also had a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.

Dundee formerly had three local radio stations that were based in the city. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980. The station split frequencies in January 1995, launching Tay FM for a younger audience and Tay AM playing classic hits (now called Greatest Hits Radio Tayside & Fife). Neither Tay FM or Greatest Hits Radio are based within the city of Dundee, with their only locally targeted show (Tay FM breakfast) being broadcast from a Bauer studio in Edinburgh. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102 following a claim by The Discovery Channel that the station could mistakenly be linked to its brand. The station was further rebranded to Wave FM and Pure Radio. The 102FM frequency now carries a relay of Aberdeen-based radio station Original 106 (Scotland) which features news and commercials exclusively for Tayside.

Landmarks

The city and its landscape are dominated by The Law and the Firth of Tay. The Law, a large hill to the north of the City Centre was the site of an Iron Age Hill Fort, upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of World War I. The waterfront, much altered by reclamation in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks. The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate HMS Unicorn and the North Carr Lightship, while Captain Scott's RRS Discovery occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to Fife once sailed.

The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century. This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by William Burn, and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire. Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, built by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street, and the Catholic St. Andrew's Cathedral, built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.

As a result of the destruction suffered during the Rough Wooing, little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the Early Modern Era. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant martyr George Wishart, who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544. Another is the building complex on the High Street known as Gardyne's Land, parts of which date from around 1560. The Howff burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a Franciscan abbey.

Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of Mains Castle in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460. Dudhope Castle, originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460. Claypotts Castle, a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588. In 1495 Broughty Castle was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the Anglo-Scottish Wars and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of Powrie Castle, north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north.

North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the High School of Dundee, built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style. Another school building of note is Morgan Academy on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by John Dick Peddie in a Dutch Gothic style.

Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers c. 1850–1865, Camperdown Works in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849, and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.

A more recent landmark is the 140-foot (43 m) Tower Building of the University of Dundee built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site. The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.

Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s. The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program. According to the architectural historian Charles McKean and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen.

Sport and recreation

Football

Dundee has two professional football clubs: Dundee, founded in 1893, and Dundee United, founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian. Dundee FC and Dundee United currently play in the Scottish Premiership. Their grounds the ScotFoam Stadium and Tannadice Park are just 100 metres apart, closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK. The Dundee derby is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football.

Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two European Cup semi-finalists. Dundee lost to A.C. Milan in 1963 and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma in 1984. Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987. There are also seven junior football teams in the area: Dundee North End, East Craigie, Lochee Harp, Lochee United, Dundee Violet, Broughty Athletic and Downfield.

Ice hockey

Dundee Stars, the main ice hockey team, play at the Dundee Ice Arena. The team joined the Elite League in the 2010/2011 season. They are one of three professional ice hockey teams in Scotland, and play against teams from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in the Elite League. In the 2013/2014 season, Dundee Stars won the Gardiner Conference trophy, their only one to date. The majority of the players are from Canada and the United States. Marc LeFebvre is the current head coach and general manager of the Dundee Stars.

There also is an amateur ice hockey team, Dundee Rockets, who play in the Scottish National League.

Rugby

The city is also home to six rugby union teams. Dundee High School Former Pupils play in Scottish National League Division One, the second tier of Scottish club rugby. The remainder of the teams compete in the Caledonia Regional League – Harris Academy FP play in Caledonia Division One, Morgan Academy FP and Panmure in Caledonia Division Two Midlands, Dundee University Medics and Stobswell in Caledonia Division Three Midlands.

Athletics

Liz McColgan and Eilish McColgan both hail from Dundee and have been members of the Dundee Hawkhill Harriers athletics club.

Other sports

Local sports clubs include Dundee Handball Club, Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club, Dundee Volleyball Club, Dundee Northern Lights Floorball Club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics, Dundee Hurricanes, Dundee Roller Derby and Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK).

The Olympia Leisure Centre, opened in 2013, has a swimming pool.

There is a velodrome, Caird Park Velodrome.

Public services

Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.

Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis. Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks. Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.

Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee. Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. Recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.

Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street. There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.

Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside. Ninewells Hospital, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife. There is one ambulance station for the city; on West School Road.

The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service operate three fire stations, covering the city and surrounding villages. The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station.

Sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland

Chronologically:

• Orléans, France (1946)
• Zadar, Croatia (1959)
• Alexandria, United States (1962)
• Würzburg, Germany (1962)
• Nablus, Palestine (1980)
• Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2004)
• West Dundee, United States (2013)

Freedom of the City

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Dundee.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2021)

Individuals

• Sir John Leng: 1902.
• Whitelaw Reid: 1906.
• H. H. Asquith: October 1912.
• Emma Grace Marryat: 1918.
• Thomas Johnston: 1947.
• Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: 1954.
• Maurice McManus: 1981.
• Nelson Mandela: 9 October 1993.
• Ramsay MacDonald
• Stanley Baldwin
• Rev. William Macmillan
• James McLean

Military units

• The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment): 1954.

See also

• Brittle Bone Society, a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee
• Dundee Museum of Transport
• History of Dundee#Notable Dundonians and people associated with Dundee
• Alexander C. Lamb and references to the Lamb Collection, which is held in the City Museum and the Local History Centre of Dundee Central Library

Notes

1. ^ New category created for the 2011 census
2. Category restructured for the 2011 census

References

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26. ^ Barrow 1990, p. 24
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• "Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
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• Historic Environment Scotland, "Wishart Arch, gateway 50m E of 15 Cowgate, Dundee (SM164)", retrieved 31 March 2019
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• "Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
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• "Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
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• "Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
• "Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
• "Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
• "Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
• "Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall", Historic Scotland, 11 June 1971, retrieved 28 March 2012
• "Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, retrieved 28 March 2012
• "Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 2 February 1989, retrieved 27 March 2012

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External links

• Dundee travel guide from Wikivoyage
• National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (selection of archive films about Dundee)

v t e Dundee
History	1906 Dundee fire 2022 Kirkton riot Abertay Historical Society Barony of Craigie Camperdown Works Castles Broughty Castle Dundee Castle The Dandy Dundee Corporation Tramways Dundee, Broughty Ferry and District Tramways Dundee and District Tramways Dundee Museum of Transport Dundee and Newtyle Railway Dundee Royal Infirmary Dundee Stock Exchange Dundee West railway station Dundee Whaling Expedition Dundee Island John Glas Glasite HMS Ambrose HMS Unicorn The Howff Jute Barons The Mona Disaster Keiller's marmalade List of listed buildings in Dundee Royal Arch Royal Dundee Liff Hospital RRS Discovery Tay Bridge disaster Tay Whale Tayside House Timeline of Dundee history Timex strike Verdant Works
Politics	Dundee City Council Dundee House Provosts and Lord Provosts
Geography	DD postcode area City centre Dundee Law List of places in Dundee List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Angus and Dundee River Tay
Media	DC Thomson The Courier Evening Telegraph The Sunday Post My Weekly The People's Friend The Beano Wave FM Radio Tay Tay FM Greatest Hits Radio Tayside & Fife Bridge FM
Transport	Broughty Ferry railway station Dundee Airport Tayside Aviation Dundee Railway Station Forth Ports National Cycle Route 77 Seagate bus station Stagecoach East Scotland Tay Rail Bridge Tay Road Bridge Xplore Dundee
Education	Abertay University University of Dundee Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design Dundee and Angus College Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education List of schools in Dundee Scottish School of Contemporary Dance
Religion	Diocese of Brechin (Episcopal) St Paul's Cathedral Diocese of Dunkeld St Andrew's Cathedral Dundee Presbytery Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's) Dundee Central Mosque Dundee Synagogue
Culture	Baxter Park Caird Hall Camperdown Park Dundee Contemporary Arts Dundee Derby Dundee International Book Prize Dundee Repertory Theatre Dundee Science Centre LiveHouse Dundee Mills Observatory The McManus Public art V&A Dundee
Sport clubs	Dundee Comets Dundee F.C. Dundee Futsal Club Dundee HSFP Dundee Hurricanes Dundee Rockets Dundee Roller Derby Dundee Stars Dundee Tigers Dundee United F.C. Harris Academicals RFC Morgan Academy RFC Other football clubs Panmure RFC Tayside Musketeers
Sport venues	Caird Park Velodrome Dens Park Dundee Ice Arena Dundee International Sports Centre Forthill Cricket Ground Mayfield Playing Fields Olympia Leisure Centre (1974) Olympia Leisure Centre (2013) Tannadice Park
Health	Dundee Dental Hospital King's Cross Hospital Ninewells Hospital Tayside Children's Hospital Royal Victoria Hospital NHS Tayside
Category

v t e Areas of Dundee
Ardler Balgay Balgowan Ballumbie Blackness Broughty Ferry Barnhill Camperdown Charleston City Centre Claverhouse Craigiebank Douglas Downfield Dryburgh Fintry Gowrie Park Hilltown Kirkton Law Lochee Logie Menzieshill Mill of Mains Ninewells Pitkerro St Marys Stobswell West End Whitfield Woodside
See also: List of places in Dundee

v t e Destinations from Dundee
Pitlochry, Coupar Angus Forfar Montrose, Aberdeen Perth DUNDEE Carnoustie, Arbroath Fife, Stirling Newport-on-Tay, Cupar St Andrews

v t e Local government of Scotland
Council areas	Aberdeen City Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll and Bute Clackmannanshire Dumfries and Galloway Dundee City East Ayrshire East Dunbartonshire East Lothian East Renfrewshire City of Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow City Highland Inverclyde Midlothian Moray Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles) North Ayrshire North Lanarkshire Orkney Perth and Kinross Renfrewshire Scottish Borders Shetland South Ayrshire South Lanarkshire Stirling West Dunbartonshire West Lothian
Councils	Aberdeen City Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll and Bute Clackmannanshire Dumfries and Galloway Dundee City East Ayrshire East Dunbartonshire East Lothian East Renfrewshire City of Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow City Highland Inverclyde Midlothian Moray Comhairle nan Eilean Siar North Ayrshire North Lanarkshire Orkney Islands Perth and Kinross Renfrewshire Scottish Borders Shetland Islands South Ayrshire South Lanarkshire Stirling West Dunbartonshire West Lothian
List by area, population, density

v t e Cities of the United Kingdom and overseas territories
England	Bath Birmingham Bradford Brighton and Hove Bristol Cambridge Canterbury Carlisle Chelmsford Chester Chichester Colchester Coventry Derby Doncaster Durham Ely Exeter Gloucester Hereford Kingston upon Hull Lancaster Leeds Leicester Lichfield Lincoln Liverpool City of London Manchester Milton Keynes Newcastle upon Tyne Norwich Nottingham Oxford Peterborough Plymouth Portsmouth Preston Ripon St Albans Salford Salisbury Sheffield Southampton Southend-on-Sea Stoke-on-Trent Sunderland Truro Wakefield Wells Westminster Winchester Wolverhampton Worcester York
Scotland	Aberdeen Dundee Dunfermline Edinburgh Glasgow Inverness Perth Stirling
Wales	Bangor Cardiff Newport St Asaph St Davids Swansea Wrexham
Northern Ireland	Armagh Bangor Belfast Derry Lisburn Newry
Dependent territories	British overseas cities British Overseas Territories Gibraltar Hamilton Jamestown Stanley Crown Dependencies Douglas

Categories:

• Dundee
• Port cities and towns in Scotland
• Port cities and towns of the North Sea
• Lieutenancy areas of Scotland
• Council areas of Scotland
• Cities in Scotland
• Civil parishes of Scotland
• Populated places in Dundee
• Districts of Scotland