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{{Short description|Sindhi people from Balochistan}}{{For|other Sindhis living in different regions|Sindhis|Sindhis in Afghanistan|Sindhis in India|Sindhis in Sri Lanka}} {{Short description|Indigenous Sindhi people of Balochistan.}}
{{Notability|date=July 2024}}

{{More references|date=July 2024}}
The ] people of ] are the original ] inhabitants of Balochistan, before the migration of ] from east ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Spooner |first=Brian |title=Baluchistan: Geogr Baluchistan: Geography, History, and Ethnogr , and Ethnography. |year=1988 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Baluchistan – Geography, History and Ethnography |first=Brian |last=Spooner |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=anthro_papers |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=repository.upenn.edu/}}</ref> There is still a major population of Sindhi people in Pakistani province of ], and a very few in Iranian provinces of ] and ].
The '''Sindhis of Balochistan''' are an ] ] population living in ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baloch and Sindhis share historic ties |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/9580/baloch-and-sindhis-share-historic-ties/ |website=dailytimes.com}}</ref>


== History == == History ==
The true Balochs along with ] were natives of northwestern Iran, near ],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kreyenbroek |first=Philip G |title=Oral Literature of Iranian Languages: Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Ossetic, Persian and Tajik: Companion Volume II: History of Persian Literature A, Volume 18. |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-0857732651 |publication-date=2010}}</ref>{{pn|date=July 2024}} their language also supports this, which is based on one of the ],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref> the balochs first migrated to eastern Iran like ], ] during late ]. The ] writers also mentioned them living in eastern regions of Iran around 9th century, from eastern Iran later migrated to southeast of Iran, while some also migrated to ] and ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Spooner |first=Brian |title=Baluchistan: Geogr Baluchistan: Geography, History, and Ethnogr , and Ethnography. |year=1988 |language=English}}</ref>
Before the ] migration from ], Pakistani Balochistan was mostly inhabited by Sindhis in ], ], and the ]. The ] people in the Central region of ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balochistan {{!}} province, Pakistan {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> and ] in the north, ] was populated with a small minority of ] and ] communities along with ], ], ], and Pashtuns. At that time the word Balochistan did not exist; the word Balochistan was first used by ]. Before that, Balochistan was divided into different regions ruled by local rulers: the ], Siwistan modern ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BHC :: Sibi > History of District |url=https://bhc.gov.pk/district-judiciary/sibi/introduction/history |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=bhc.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Syed |first=Syed Abdul Quddus |title=The tribal Baluchistan |pages=49 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Sarah F. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Sufi_Saints_and_State_Power.html?id=_kC421xzMKsC#v=snippet&q=kalhora&f=false |title=Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947 |date=1992-01-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-40530-0 |language=en}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Majeed |first=Gulshan |date=2015-06-30 |title=Land of Balochistan: A Historical Perspective |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=19941080&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA423506524&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=Journal of Political Studies |language=English}}</ref> In 635 or 636 CE, the Sindhi Hindu ] of Sindh ruled parts of Balochistan under ]. Later in rule of ], ], ], ], and ] many areas of balochistan were under Sindh Country.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Skutsch |editor-first=Carl |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-468-3 |location=New York |pages=178 |language=English}}</ref> In the 9th century, ] writers mentioned that Balochs were living in the area between ], ], ] which is now eastern Iran.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />


The second eastward migration of balochs took place in 971–972, when they were pushed eastwards by Persian, Turkic and Arab dynasties like ], ] and ], who were fed up of acts of plundering and looting of caravans in those routes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brian |first=Spooner |title="BALUCHISTAN i. Geography, History and Ethnography" |url=https://iranicaonline.org/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫ The Balochs were engaged in plundering travellers on the desert routes, and stealing, which angered the ], later ] and ], and ] of the Buyid dynasty, who launched a campaign against them in 971–972 and kicked them out from Kerman, ], Sistan, and Baluchistan of Iran, but few still remained there. They first migrated to the Pakistani province of Balochistan, specifically into the Makran region. Over the time, Balochs started to call the local people by different names of their area of living or by the language they speak, for example, the ]s of ], and the ] of ]. The Buledi and Kolachi are now tribes of Balochistan, which probably can also be Jats originally.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dames |first=Mansel Longworth |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Baloch_Race.html?id=Kf0RAAAAYAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Baloch Race: A Historical and Ethnological Sketch |date=1904 |publisher=Royal Asiatic society |language=en}}</ref> For others, the Balochs called them by their language, like ] for Sindhi-speaking people,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delforooz |first=Behrooz Barjasteh |title=A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden: |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |pages=23–44 |language=English}}</ref> ] for Sindhi/] speaking, and Kurdgali for ] speaking.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bkbaluch |date=2015-10-25 |title=Kurd and Baloch |url=https://bkbezanjo.wordpress.com/2015/10/25/kurd-and-baloch/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Mankind |language=en}}</ref>


The Balochs called all the Indigenous Sindhis they interacted with as "]" which is an umbrella term for all Sindhi communities, including Jats, Meds, ] and Gurjars. Historically Jadgal term was used by balochs to distinguish between a Sindhi and pure baloch.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
⚫ Over the time, Sindhis of Balochistan divided into different regional communities, the ] of Makran speak the ] dialect of Sindhi; the ] of Lasbela speak ] dialect of Sindhi; the ] and ] of Kachhi Plain speak ] or Siraiki dialects, also other jat/jutt people scattered all over Balochistan. The Sindhi jats were mentioned as "Zutts" in early ] writings and "Jat-an" in ], In the 7th century, when Arabs came to Sindh,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dashti |first=Naseer |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Baloch_and_Balochistan.html?id=xIjyLNpusbAC#v=snippet&q=Zatt&f=false |title=The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State |date=October 2012 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4669-5896-8 |language=en}}</ref> they found Sindhi jats living in the lower ] and ], which at that time were all part of Sindh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wikeley |first=Lt. Col. J.M. |title=Punjabi Musalmans |publisher=The Book House |location= Lahore |year=1970 |edition=Second |pages=8–9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Al_Hind_the_Making_of_the_Indo_Islamic_W.html?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC#v=onepage&q=zutt%20bahram%20v&f=false |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |date=2002 |publisher=Brill|isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Biladuri |first=Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Jabir Al |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Origins_of_the_Islamic_State.html?id=bcWtttJL3WEC#v=onepage&q=sayabijah&f=false |title=The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan |date=2011-03-01 |publisher=Cosimo |isbn=978-1-61640-534-2 |language=en}}</ref>


⚫ Over the time, Balochs started to call the local people by different names of their area of living or by the language they speak, for example, the ]s of ], and the ] of ]. The Buledi and Kolachi are now tribes of Balochistan, which probably can also be ] originally.{{cn|date=July 2024}} For others, the Balochs called them by their language, like ] for ]-speaking people,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delforooz |first=Behrooz Barjasteh |title=A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |pages=23–44 |publisher=Reichert Verlag |language=English}}</ref> ] for Sindhi and ] speaking, and Kurdgali for ] speaking.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
⚫ These regional Sindhi people of Balochistan have many tribes/Castes and clans of their own. Most of them are Sindhi Muslim ], ]s, ], <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyagi |first=Vidya Prakash |url=https://www.amazon.in/Martial-Races-Undivided-India-Prakash/dp/8178357755 |title=Martial races of undivided India |date=2009 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-775-1 |pages=225 |language=en |quote="The Jhalwan Gujjars speak both Balochi and Sindhi languages and claim to be natives of these regions without having ancestry of any foreign element in so far as their ethnic traditions are concerned. In the region the Zamindars (landlords) are called Baloch. The other Pakistani Blauch and adjoining Irani Bluches are of one ancestry but against this we hail from separate Gujjar community. As per one tradition they have come from Delhi to this area and speak Sindhi language. In Markan, near border of Iran, the Gujjars are Ziki by faith and claim to have come from Mewar during the time of Akbar, the elderly Gujjars added."}}</ref> Hindu/Muslim ], ], ]s, ], ]s, other trading Hindu tribes, ], and other tribal Hindu Sindhi tribes like ], ], etc. Many Hindu tribes are ], the remaining ] migrated to first Sindh and then after partition into ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindu Castes and Sects of Shahdadkot Sindh 2014 - (PDF) |url=https://vdocuments.mx/hindu-castes-and-sects-of-shahdadkot-sindh-2014.html |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=vdocuments.mx |language=en}}</ref> but there is still a small minority of Hindu Sindhis living in Balochistan, and there are also some Arab and ] origin Sindhi tribes of Balochistan.


The fourth migration of balochs happened in 13th–14th into present day ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael |first=Mann |title=Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change |url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/littleiceage.pdf |access-date=2024-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124223238/http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/littleiceage.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-27 |title=From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/688234/from-zardaris-to-makranis-how-the-baloch-came-to-sindh |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
== List of Sindhi tribes in Balochistan ==
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In 635 or 636 CE, the Sindhi Hindu ] of Sindh ruled parts of balochistan under ]. Later in the rule of ], ], ], ], and ] many areas of Balochistan were under Sindh province.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-468-3 |editor-last=Skutsch |editor-first=Carl |location=New York |pages=178 |language=English}}</ref>
== Notable people ==


⚫ Over the time, Sindhis of Balochistan divided into different regional communities, the ] of Makran speak the ] dialect of Sindhi language; the ] of ] speak the ] dialect of Sindhi; the ] and Jats of ] speak ] or ] dialects, the ] and Jaffars of ] speak ] and Jaffarki language of ] origin, there are also other ] people scattered all over Balochistan. They were mentioned as "Zutts" in early ] writings and "Jat-an" in ], In the 7th century, when Arabs came to Sindh,{{cn|date=July 2024}} they found Sindhi Jats living in the lower ] and Makran region, which at that time were all part of Sindh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&q=zutt+bahram+v |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |date=2002 |publisher=Brill|isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |language=en}}</ref>{{pn|date=July 2024}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biladuri |first=Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Jabir Al |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcWtttJL3WEC&q=sayabijah |title=The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan |date=2011-03-01 |publisher=Cosimo |isbn=978-1-61640-534-2 |language=en}}</ref>{{pn|date=July 2024}}
* ], pakistani politician

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⚫ These regional Sindhi people of Balochistan have many tribes/Castes and clans of their own. Most of them are Sindhi Muslim ]/], ], ], ], Rajputs, ], ] etc,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyagi |first=Vidya Prakash |title=Martial races of undivided India |date=2009 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-775-1 |pages=225 |language=en |quote="The Jhalwan Gujjars speak both Balochi and Sindhi languages and claim to be natives of these regions without having ancestry of any foreign element in so far as their ethnic traditions are concerned. In the region the Zamindars (landlords) are called Baloch. The other Pakistani Blauch and adjoining Irani Bluches are of one ancestry but against this we hail from separate Gujjar community. As per one tradition they have come from Delhi to this area and speak Sindhi language. In Markan, near border of Iran, the Gujjars are Ziki by faith and claim to have come from Mewar during the time of Akbar, the elderly Gujjars added."}}</ref> Hindu/Muslim ], ], ]s, ], ]s, other trading Hindu tribes, ], and other tribal Hindu Sindhi tribes like ], ], etc. Many Hindu tribes ], the remaining ] migrated first to Sindh and then after ] into ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindu Castes and Sects of Shahdadkot Sindh 2014 - (PDF) |url=https://vdocuments.mx/hindu-castes-and-sects-of-shahdadkot-sindh-2014.html |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=vdocuments.mx |language=en}}</ref> but there is still a small minority of ], and there are also some Arab, ] and ] origin Sindhi tribes of Balochistan.
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== See also == == See also ==
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== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}




] ]

Latest revision as of 16:20, 25 November 2024

Indigenous Sindhi people of Balochistan.
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The Sindhis of Balochistan are an indigenous Sindhi population living in Balochistan, Pakistan.

History

The true Balochs along with Kurds were natives of northwestern Iran, near caspian sea, their language also supports this, which is based on one of the Western Iranian languages, the balochs first migrated to eastern Iran like Kerman, Khorasan during late Sasanian period. The Arab writers also mentioned them living in eastern regions of Iran around 9th century, from eastern Iran later migrated to southeast of Iran, while some also migrated to Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.

The second eastward migration of balochs took place in 971–972, when they were pushed eastwards by Persian, Turkic and Arab dynasties like Buyids, Ghaznavids and Seljuqs, who were fed up of acts of plundering and looting of caravans in those routes.

The Balochs called all the Indigenous Sindhis they interacted with as "Jadgals" which is an umbrella term for all Sindhi communities, including Jats, Meds, Sammats and Gurjars. Historically Jadgal term was used by balochs to distinguish between a Sindhi and pure baloch.

Over the time, Balochs started to call the local people by different names of their area of living or by the language they speak, for example, the Buledis of Buleda, and the Kolachis of Kulanch. The Buledi and Kolachi are now tribes of Balochistan, which probably can also be Jats originally. For others, the Balochs called them by their language, like Jadgali for Sindhi-speaking people, Jatki for Sindhi and Saraiki speaking, and Kurdgali for Brahui speaking.

The fourth migration of balochs happened in 13th–14th into present day Sindh and south Punjab.

In 635 or 636 CE, the Sindhi Hindu Brahman dynasty of Sindh ruled parts of balochistan under Chach of Aror. Later in the rule of Kalhoras, Arghuns, Sammas, Soomras, and Talpurs many areas of Balochistan were under Sindh province.

Over the time, Sindhis of Balochistan divided into different regional communities, the Jadgals of Makran speak the Jadgali dialect of Sindhi language; the Lasis of Lasbela speak the Lasi dialect of Sindhi; the Jamotes and Jats of Kachhi Plain speak Firaqi Sindhi or Siraiki dialects, the Khetrans and Jaffars of Kohe Sulaiman speak Khetrani and Jaffarki language of Sindhi origin, there are also other Jat/Jutt people scattered all over Balochistan. They were mentioned as "Zutts" in early Arab writings and "Jat-an" in Persian, In the 7th century, when Arabs came to Sindh, they found Sindhi Jats living in the lower Indus valley and Makran region, which at that time were all part of Sindh.

These regional Sindhi people of Balochistan have many tribes/Castes and clans of their own. Most of them are Sindhi Muslim Sammat/Jamote, Jats, Jadgals, Meds, Rajputs, Gurjar, Khojas etc, Hindu/Muslim Lohana, Bhatia, Brahmins, Kshtriyas, Shudras, other trading Hindu tribes, Rabari, and other tribal Hindu Sindhi tribes like Bheel, Meghwar, etc. Many Hindu tribes converted to Islam, the remaining Hindus migrated first to Sindh and then after partition into India, but there is still a small minority of Hindu Sindhis living in Balochistan, and there are also some Arab, Mughal and Sheedi origin Sindhi tribes of Balochistan.

See also

References

  1. "Baloch and Sindhis share historic ties". dailytimes.com.
  2. Kreyenbroek, Philip G (2010). Oral Literature of Iranian Languages: Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Ossetic, Persian and Tajik: Companion Volume II: History of Persian Literature A, Volume 18. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0857732651.
  3. Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  4. Spooner, Brian (1988). Baluchistan: Geogr Baluchistan: Geography, History, and Ethnogr , and Ethnography.
  5. Brian, Spooner. ""BALUCHISTAN i. Geography, History and Ethnography"". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  6. Delforooz, Behrooz Barjasteh (2008). A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden. Reichert Verlag. pp. 23–44. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
  7. Michael, Mann. "Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  8. "From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh". The Express Tribune. 2014-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  9. Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. New York: Routledge. p. 178. ISBN 1-57958-468-3.
  10. Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries. Brill. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8.
  11. Biladuri, Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Jabir Al (2011-03-01). The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan. Cosimo. ISBN 978-1-61640-534-2.
  12. Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India. Gyan Publishing House. p. 225. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1. The Jhalwan Gujjars speak both Balochi and Sindhi languages and claim to be natives of these regions without having ancestry of any foreign element in so far as their ethnic traditions are concerned. In the region the Zamindars (landlords) are called Baloch. The other Pakistani Blauch and adjoining Irani Bluches are of one ancestry but against this we hail from separate Gujjar community. As per one tradition they have come from Delhi to this area and speak Sindhi language. In Markan, near border of Iran, the Gujjars are Ziki by faith and claim to have come from Mewar during the time of Akbar, the elderly Gujjars added.
  13. "Hindu Castes and Sects of Shahdadkot Sindh 2014 - (PDF)". vdocuments.mx. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
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