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{{Short description|1934 Laurel and Hardy film}} {{Short description|1934 musical film by Gus Meins, Charles Rogers}}
{{Infobox film {{Infobox film
| name = Babes in Toyland | name = Babes in Toyland
| image = L&H_Babes_in_Toyland_1934.jpg | image = L&H_Babes_in_Toyland_1934.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster (1934) | caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = ]<br>] | director = ]<br>]
| producer = ] | producer = ]
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| studio = ]<br>] | studio = ]<br>]
| distributor = ] | distributor = ]
| released = November 30, 1934<ref>{{cite journal |date=December 25, 1934 |title=Calendar of Current Releases |journal=] |page=25 }}</ref> | released = {{Film date|1934|11|30}}<ref>{{cite journal |date=December 25, 1934 |title=Calendar of Current Releases |journal=] |page=25 }}</ref>
| runtime = 78 minutes | runtime = 78 minutes
| country = United States | country = United States
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}} }}


'''''Babes in Toyland''''' is a ] musical ] film released on November 30, 1934. The film is also known by the alternative titles ''Laurel and Hardy in Toyland'', ''Revenge Is Sweet'' (the 1948 European reissue title), and ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'' (in the United States), a 73-minute abridged version. '''''Babes in Toyland''''' is a ] musical ] film released on November 30, 1934. The film is also known by the alternative titles ''Laurel and Hardy in Toyland'', ''Revenge Is Sweet'' (the 1948 European reissue title), and '''''March of the Wooden Soldiers''''' (in the United States), a 73-minute abridged version.


Based on ]'s popular 1903 operetta '']'',{{sfn|Brown|2016|page=128}} the film was produced by ], directed by ] and ],<ref name="Babes in Toyland">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/20646/Babes-in-Toyland/full-credits.html|title=Babes in Toyland|work=]|publisher=] (])|location=]|access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> and distributed by ]. The film was originally printed in ], but there are two ].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Leonard |editor1-last=Maltin |editor1-link=Leonard Maltin |title=Leonard Maltin's 2008 Movie Guide |year=2007|publisher=Signet |location=New York |isbn=978-0-451-22186-5 |page=73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUalPwAACAAJ }}</ref> Based on ]'s popular 1903 operetta '']'',{{sfn|Brown|2016|page=128}} the film was produced by ], directed by ] and ],<ref name="Babes in Toyland">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/20646/Babes-in-Toyland/full-credits.html|title=Babes in Toyland|work=]|publisher=] (])|location=]|access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> and distributed by ]. There are two ] between ] in 1991 and ] in 2006.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Leonard |editor1-last=Maltin |editor1-link=Leonard Maltin |title=Leonard Maltin's 2008 Movie Guide |year=2007|publisher=Signet |location=New York |isbn=978-0-451-22186-5 |page=73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUalPwAACAAJ }}</ref>


Although the 1934 film makes use of many of the characters in the original play, as well as several of the songs, the plot is almost completely unlike that of the original stage production. In contrast to the stage version, the film's story takes place entirely in Toyland, which is inhabited by ] (]) and other well-known ] characters. Although the 1934 film makes use of many of the characters in the original play, as well as several of the songs, the plot is almost completely unlike that of the original stage production. In contrast to the stage version, the film's story takes place entirely in Toyland, which is inhabited by ] (]) and other well-known ] characters.
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==Plot== ==Plot==
] ]
Stannie Dum and Ollie Dee inhabit a shoe residence alongside Mother Peep, Bo Peep, and a diverse array of children. Their tranquil existence is disrupted by the malevolent Silas Barnaby, who harbors intentions to wed Bo Peep and seize control of their shoe abode through ]. Faced with imminent ], Ollie impulsively offers their meager savings to stave off the threat, unaware that Stannie has squandered the funds on peewees.
Stannie Dum (]) and Ollie Dee (]) live in a shoe (as in the nursery rhyme ]), along with Mother Peep (the Old Woman), ] (]), a mouse resembling ] (actually played by a live monkey in a costume), and many other children. The mortgage on the shoe is owned by the villainous Silas Barnaby (] as a character based on the English nursery rhyme "]"), who is looking to marry Bo-Peep. Knowing the Widow Peep is having a difficult time paying the mortgage, Barnaby offers the old woman an ultimatum – unless Bo Peep agrees to marry him he will foreclose on the shoe. Widow Peep refuses, but is worried about where she'll get the money to pay the mortgage. Ollie offers her all the money he has stored away in his savings can, only to learn that Stannie has taken it to buy peewees (a favored toy consisting of a wooden peg with tapered ends that rises in the air when struck with a stick near one end and is then caused to fly through the air by being struck again with the stick). He and Stannie set out to get the money for the mortgage from their boss, the Toymaker (]). But Stannie has mixed up an order from ] (building 100 wooden soldiers at six feet tall, instead of 600 soldiers at one foot tall) and one of the soldiers, when activated, wrecks the toy shop. Stannie and Ollie are fired without getting the money.


Subsequent attempts to procure the mortgage funds from their employer, the Toymaker, result in calamity when a misguided toy order leads to chaos in the toy shop, resulting in their dismissal. In a desperate gambit to thwart Barnaby, the duo embarks on a futile burglary endeavor, culminating in their arrest and sentencing to banishment in Bogeyland. Despite Bo Peep's reluctant agreement to Barnaby's demands to spare their lives, Stannie and Ollie endure a dunking and face impending exile.
The two then hatch a plan to sneak into Barnaby's house and steal the mortgage but are again foiled by their incompetence. Barnaby has them arrested on a ] charge, and the two are sentenced to be dunked in the ] and then banished to Bogeyland. But Barnaby agrees to drop the charges if Bo Peep will marry him. She reluctantly agrees, but not before Ollie suffers the dunking.


Employing guile and resourcefulness, Stannie and Ollie devise a cunning scheme to disrupt Barnaby's machinations during Bo Peep's wedding ceremony. By unveiling Stannie in Bo Peep's bridal attire, they expose Barnaby's treachery and obliterate the mortgage, thus freeing Bo Peep.
Stannie and Ollie come up with a new scheme. At the wedding, Ollie is present to give the bride away. After the ], but before the ceremonial kiss, Ollie asks for the "wedding present" (the mortgage) from Barnaby. After inspecting it, Ollie tears it up, and then lifts the bride's veil — to reveal Stannie, who had worn Bo Peep's wedding dress to the ceremony. Bo Peep is still free of Barnaby, and the mortgage is destroyed. Ollie teases Stan about having to live with Barnaby as Stan cries saying "I don't LOVE him".


However, Barnaby exacts vengeance by framing Bo Peep's true love, Tom-Tom, for "pignapping," leading to his unjust banishment to Bogeyland. In a race against time, Stannie and Ollie unravel Barnaby's scheme, ultimately rescuing Tom-Tom and exposing Barnaby's villainy to the townspeople. A climactic confrontation unfolds in Bogeyland, where Tom-Tom valiantly defends Bo Peep from Barnaby's advances, while Stannie and Ollie join the fray to repel the Bogeymen. The film crescendos with the triumphant march of the wooden soldiers, orchestrated by Stannie and Ollie, driving back the Bogeymen and vanquishing Barnaby, restoring peace to Toyland.
Enraged, Barnaby plots his revenge, eventually hitting on the idea of framing Bo Peep's true love, ] (]), on a trumped-up charge of "pignapping", and getting him banished to Bogeyland. Barnaby proceeds to abduct Little Elmer (]), one of the ], and then has a henchman plant false evidence (including ] links) in Tom-Tom's house. Tom-Tom is put on trial, convicted, and banished to the abode of the "]," Bogeyland, which he is taken to on a raft by two dunkers across an alligator-infested river. Those banished to Bogeyland never return; they are inevitably eaten alive by the bogeymen.<ref>Barr, Charles. 1968. ''Laurel & Hardy''. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 90. {{OCLC|291931}}</ref>


As the kingdom celebrates its salvation, a comedic mishap ensues when Stannie and Ollie inadvertently bombard Ollie with darts from a malfunctioning cannon.<ref>Everson, William K. 1967. ''The Complete Films of Laurel and Hardy''. Citadel Press. p. 160. {{ISBN|0806501464}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theluckycorner.com/crew/seawright.html |title=Roy Seawright |work=theluckycorner.com |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>Barr, Charles. 1968. ''Laurel & Hardy''. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 90. {{OCLC|291931}}</ref>
Meanwhile, Ollie and Stannie find evidence implicating Barnaby in the pignapping, including the fact that the alleged sausage links presented as evidence at Tom-Tom's trial are made of beef. They later find the kidnapped pig alive in Barnaby's cellar.

A manhunt commences for Barnaby, who flees to Bogeyland through a secret passageway at the bottom of an empty well. Stannie and Ollie eventually follow Barnaby down the well. Meanwhile, Bo Peep crosses the river to Bogeyland, finds Tom-Tom and explains Barnaby's trickery to him.

⚫ ]
Tom-Tom sings ]'s ''Go to Sleep, Slumber Deep'' to Bo-Peep in an enormous cave set with giant spider webs. Barnaby catches up to Tom-Tom and Bo-Peep, and attempts to abduct Bo-Peep but gets into a fight with Tom-Tom, who gives Barnaby a well-deserved thrashing. An enraged Barnaby grabs a large stick and beats a stalactite to summon an army of ], who chase Bo-Peep and Tom-Tom through the caverns of Bogeyland. The lovers run into Stannie and Ollie, who help them escape back through the well and are welcomed by the townspeople, who now realize Barnaby's treachery. Barnaby leads an invasion of Toyland on a fleet of rafts in a scene reminiscent of the painting of ].

Ollie and Stan tell their story to ] (]), the King of Toyland, and the townspeople as two Bogeymen scale the wall and open the gate. The crowd flees in panic as the army of torch-wielding Bogeymen attacks Toyland. Ollie and Stannie run and hide in the toy shop warehouse. There they discover boxes of ] and use them to fight off the Bogeymen, thanks to Stan's skill with the game of "peewees" (and help from the three little pigs and the mouse). Stan and Ollie then empty an entire box of darts into a cannon, but as the two search for the last remaining darts, they realize instead that they should activate the wooden ]s. The "march" alluded to in the film's title begins as the soldiers march out of the toy shop (filmed in a ] sequence by ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theluckycorner.com/crew/seawright.html |title=Roy Seawright |work=theluckycorner.com |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>). The scene changes to live-action as the soldiers attack the Bogeymen with the ]s of their rifles. Barnaby is defeated and trapped and covered by blocks that spell "rat", while the Bogeymen are routed and driven back into Bogeyland, where alligators appear to feast on them, although this is never made clear. With the kingdom of Toyland saved,<ref>Everson, William K. 1967. ''The Complete Films of Laurel and Hardy''. Citadel Press. p. 160. {{ISBN|0806501464}}</ref> Stan and Ollie decide to give the Bogeymen a parting shot with the dart-filled cannon. But as Stan aims the cannon and lights the fuse, and Ollie turns away to avoid the loud blast, the barrel of the cannon flips backward and unleashes the barrage of darts on Ollie, covering his back with darts. The film ends with Stan pulling them out one by one as Ollie winces.


==Cast== ==Cast==
{{Cast listing|

* ] as ] * ] as ]
* ] as ] * ] as ]
* ] as ] * ] as ]
* ] as ] * ] as ]
* ] as Silas Barnaby * ] as Silas Barnaby
* ] as Stanley "Stannie" Dum * ] as Stanley "Stannie" Dum
* ] as Oliver "Ollie" Dee * ] as Oliver "Ollie" Dee

⚫ * Pete Gordon as ] (uncredited)
'''Uncredited cast'''
⚫ * ] as Elmer the Pig (uncredited)
* ] as Willie the Pig (uncredited) * ] as Justice of the Peace
* ] as the Chief of Police
⚫ * Payne B. Johnson as Jiggs the Pig (uncredited)
* ] as the Chief of Police (uncredited) * ] as the Toymaker
⚫ * Russell Coles as ]
* William Burress as the Toymaker (uncredited)
* ] as Willie the Pig
⚫ * Russell Coles as ] (uncredited)
* Alice Dahl as ] (uncredited) * Alice Dahl as ]
* ] as ] (uncredited) * ] as ]
* ] as ] (uncredited) * ] as ]
* ] as Barnaby's Minion (uncredited) * ] as Barnaby's Minion
* ] as ] (uncredited) * ] as ]
⚫ * Pete Gordon as ]
* Robert Hoover as ] (uncredited) * Robert Hoover as ]
⚫ * Alice Moore as the ] (uncredited)
⚫ * Payne B. Johnson as Jiggs the Pig
* ] as ] (uncredited)
⚫ * Alice Moore as the ]
⚫ * Ferdinand Munier as ] (uncredited)
* ] as ] (uncredited) * ] as ]
* ] as Dunker (uncredited) * ] as Himself
⚫ * Ferdinand Munier as ]
⚫ * ] as ] (uncredited)
* ] as ]
}}
⚫ * ] as Elmer the Pig
* ] as Dunker
⚫ * ] as ]


==Songs== ==Songs==
Line 81: Line 75:
The film features only six musical numbers from the enormous stage score, though that is fitting for a musical with only a 78-minute running time. Included in the film, in the order in which they are performed, are: "Toyland" (opening), "Never Mind Bo-Peep", "Castle in Spain", "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)", and "March of the Toys" (an instrumental piece). The film features only six musical numbers from the enormous stage score, though that is fitting for a musical with only a 78-minute running time. Included in the film, in the order in which they are performed, are: "Toyland" (opening), "Never Mind Bo-Peep", "Castle in Spain", "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)", and "March of the Toys" (an instrumental piece).


Also included in the film is an instrumental version of "I Can't do the Sum" for the running theme of Laurel and Hardy's scenes. Another song, "]", is not one of the original stage songs but appears in the ] segment, heard only as an instrumental piece. Also included in the film is an instrumental version of "I Can't Do the Sum" for the running theme of Laurel and Hardy's scenes. Another song, "]", is not one of the original stage songs but appears in the ] segment, heard only as an instrumental piece.


The opening song is performed by Mother Goose and an offscreen chorus; most of the others are sung by Bo Peep and/or Tom-Tom. While none of the songs is performed by Laurel and Hardy, the two briefly dance and march in a memorable scene to "March of the Toys". The opening song is performed by Mother Goose and an offscreen chorus; most of the others are sung by Bo Peep and/or Tom-Tom. While none of the songs is performed by Laurel and Hardy, the two briefly dance and march in a memorable scene to "March of the Toys".


==Production== ==Production==
] ]
] originally purchase the rights in 1930 with the plans of filming the musical partly in Technicolor. Plans were announced to have Bebe Daniels (later Irene Dunne) star in the musical along with the comedy team of Wheeler and Woolsey. Due to the backlash against musicals in the autumn of 1930, the plans were dropped. A couple of years later, some thought was given to filming the musical as an animated feature film to be shot in ] by ], however the projected price of the film gave pause to RKO's plans. Hal Roach, who had seen the play as a boy, acquired the film rights to the project in November 1933.<ref>p. 150 King, Rob ''Hokum!: The Early Sound Slapstick Short and Depression-Era Mass Culture'' Univ of California Press, 7 Apr. 2017</ref> ] originally purchased the rights in 1930 with the plans of filming the musical partly in ]. Plans were announced to have ] (later ]) star in the musical along with the comedy team of Wheeler and Woolsey. Due to the backlash against musicals in the autumn of 1930, the plans were dropped. A couple of years later, some thought was given to filming the musical as an animated feature film to be shot in ] by ], however, the projected price of the film gave pause to RKO's plans. Hal Roach, who had seen the play as a boy, acquired the film rights to the project in November 1933.<ref>p. 150 King, Rob ''Hokum!: The Early Sound Slapstick Short and Depression-Era Mass Culture'' Univ of California Press, 7 Apr. 2017</ref>


The film was completed in November 1934. The village of Toyland was built on ]s at ] with the buildings painted in vivid storybook colors, leading Stan Laurel to regret that the film wasn't shot in Technicolor.<ref>p. 128 Rowan, Terry ''Character-Based Film Series Part 3'' Lulu.com</ref> The film was originally produced in ] and later ]. The film was completed in November 1934. The village of Toyland was built on ]s at ] with the buildings painted in vivid storybook colors, leading Stan Laurel to regret that the film wasn't shot in Technicolor.<ref>p. 128 Rowan, Terry ''Character-Based Film Series Part 3'' Lulu.com</ref> The film was originally produced in ] and later ].


] personally approved the appearance of ] in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehrbar |first=Greg |title=Laurel & Hardy & Mickey Mouse in Toyland: On the Record |url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/laurel-hardy-mickey-mouse-in-toyland-on-the-record/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> ] personally approved the appearance of ] in the film along with the use of the song "]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehrbar |first=Greg |title=Laurel & Hardy & Mickey Mouse in Toyland: On the Record |url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/laurel-hardy-mickey-mouse-in-toyland-on-the-record/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>


==Reception== ==Reception==
⚫ ]
Critics' reviews were positive. Andre Sennwald of '']'' called the film "an authentic children's entertainment and quite the merriest of its kind that Hollywood has turned loose on the nation's screens in a long time."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9402e5d6133fe53abc4b52dfb467838f629ede |title=Movie Review – Babes in Toyland |last=Sennwald |first=Andre |date=December 13, 1934 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 24, 2015 }}</ref> '']'' proclaimed it "a film par excellence for children. It's packed with laughs and thrills and is endowed with that glamour of mysticism which marks juvenile literature."<ref>{{cite news |date=December 16, 1934 |title=Babes in Toyland |journal=] |location=New York |page=12 }}</ref> ] wrote in '']'': "It's certainly far more successful than was last year's '']'', and the children will probably be far less bored by it than they generally are by those films designed especially for them".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mosher |first=John C. |author-link=John Mosher (writer) |date=December 22, 1934 |title=The Current Cinema |magazine=] |page=50 }}</ref> '']'' called it "delightful musical fantasy" and "dandy entertainment".<ref>{{cite journal |date=November 12, 1934 |title=Reviews of the New Films |journal=] |page=11 }}</ref> The '']'' review read: "It's been many a long day since I've had so much pure (and I MEAN pure!) fun as I had watching this picture".<ref>{{cite journal |date=December 14, 1934 |title=Movie Story Set In Toyland Is Grand Fun | journal=]|page=27 }}</ref> Critics' reviews were positive. Andre Sennwald of '']'' called the film "an authentic children's entertainment and quite the merriest of its kind that Hollywood has turned loose on the nation's screens in a long time."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9402e5d6133fe53abc4b52dfb467838f629ede |title=Movie Review – Babes in Toyland |last=Sennwald |first=Andre |date=December 13, 1934 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 24, 2015 }}</ref> '']'' proclaimed it "a film par excellence for children. It's packed with laughs and thrills and is endowed with that glamour of mysticism which marks juvenile literature."<ref>{{cite news |date=December 16, 1934 |title=Babes in Toyland |journal=] |location=New York |page=12 }}</ref> ] wrote in '']'': "It's certainly far more successful than was last year's '']'', and the children will probably be far less bored by it than they generally are by those films designed especially for them".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mosher |first=John C. |author-link=John Mosher (writer) |date=December 22, 1934 |title=The Current Cinema |magazine=] |page=50 }}</ref> '']'' called it "delightful musical fantasy" and "dandy entertainment".<ref>{{cite journal |date=November 12, 1934 |title=Reviews of the New Films |journal=] |page=11 }}</ref> The '']'' review read: "It's been many a long day since I've had so much pure (and I MEAN pure!) fun as I had watching this picture".<ref>{{cite journal |date=December 14, 1934 |title=Movie Story Set In Toyland Is Grand Fun | journal=]|page=27 }}</ref>


''Babes in Toyland'', one of many feature films with Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, was also popular at the box office.<ref>Churchill, Douglas W. ; ''New York Times'' 30 Dec 1934: X5. Retrieved December 16, 2013.</ref> However, many years later{{when|date=November 2016}} in a filmed interview, Hal Roach admitted that on its first release the film lost money.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} After it appeared in theaters, it was re-released several times with the title constantly changed, to make it seem to audiences that they were going to see a different film. It surfaced as a holiday movie on TV as ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', where it was rerun annually on some local affiliates for many years. On one local Atlanta station, the film was shown as a Thanksgiving special only a few weeks before the release of its ], so that those who saw it on television and then saw the Disney film version over the Christmas holiday had the experience of seeing two different versions of the same work, within a few weeks of each other. ''Babes in Toyland'', one of many feature films with Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, was also popular at the box office.<ref>Churchill, Douglas W. ; ''New York Times'' 30 Dec 1934: X5. Retrieved December 16, 2013.</ref> However, many years later{{when|date=November 2016}} in a filmed interview, Hal Roach admitted that on its first release, the film lost money.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} After it appeared in theaters, it was re-released several times with the title constantly changed, to make it seem to audiences that they were going to see a different film. It surfaced as a holiday movie on TV as ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', where it was rerun annually on some local affiliates for many years. On one local Atlanta station, the film was shown as a Thanksgiving special only a few weeks before the release of its ], so that those who saw it on television and then saw the Disney film version over the Christmas holiday had the experience of seeing two different versions of the same work, within a few weeks of each other.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}


A holiday staple, this film was shown by many television stations in the United States during the ]/] holiday season, each year, during the 1960s and 1970s. In New York City, it continues to run (as of 2022) on ] as ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', airing on that station in the daytime on Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. It also runs nationally, on occasion, on ], as well as ].<ref>{{cite web|title=BABES IN TOYLAND (1934)|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67849/Babes-in-Toyland/|publisher=] (TCM)|website=TCM.com|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> A holiday staple, this film was shown by many television stations in the United States during the ]/] holiday season, each year, during the 1960s and 1970s. In New York City, it continues to run (as of 2024) on ] as ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', airing on that station in the daytime on Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. It also runs nationally, on occasion, on ], as well as ].<ref>{{cite web|title=BABES IN TOYLAND (1934)|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67849/Babes-in-Toyland/|publisher=] (TCM)|website=TCM.com|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref>


==Copyright status== ==Copyright status==
] ]
The original 79-minute film is under copyright to Prime TV Inc., the assets of which as of 2020 are owned by ], with ] (under ], which like MGM is now part of the ] corporation) still handling partial distribution rights of the film.{{cn|date=May 2023}} The original 79-minute film is under copyright to Prime TV Inc., the assets of which as of the present time are owned by television station ] (and its current owners, ]), with ] (under ], which like MGM is now part of ]) still handling partial distribution rights of the film,{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} making this one of the few films that were not part of MGM's pre-May 1986 library which ] purchased it.


In 1950 a 73-minute edited version was distributed by ], retitled ''March of the Wooden Soldiers''; it was released without a copyright notice. The edited version of the film had the opening tune "Toyland" trimmed and the "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)" number cut completely. Also removed were Barnaby's attempted abduction of Little Bo-Peep and his ultimate fistfight with Tom-Tom.<ref>{{cite journal |last=David |first=Pierce |date=June 2007 |title=Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain |journal=Film History: An International Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=125–43 (in particular, see p. 130) |issn=0892-2160 |oclc=15122313 |jstor=25165419 |doi=10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125|s2cid=191633078 }}</ref> ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'' has been distributed by many motion picture and home video companies over the decades, as if it were in the ];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-06 |title=11 Classic Films in the Public Domain |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/92931/11-classic-films-public-domain |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US}}</ref> however, because it ] from the 1934 film, ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'' itself falls under the same copyright as its parent film and will not truly enter the public domain until that film's copyright expires in 2030.{{cn|date=May 2023}} Nexstar has not enforced its copyright on ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', effectively making the film an ].{{cn|date=May 2023}} In 1950, a 73-minute edited version was distributed by ], retitled ''March of the Wooden Soldiers''; it was released without a copyright notice. The edited version of the film had the opening tune "Toyland" trimmed and the "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)" number cut completely. Also removed were Barnaby's attempted abduction of Little Bo-Peep and his ultimate fistfight with Tom-Tom.<ref>{{cite journal |last=David |first=Pierce |date=June 2007 |title=Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain |journal=Film History: An International Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=125–43 (in particular, see p. 130) |issn=0892-2160 |oclc=15122313 |jstor=25165419 |doi=10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125|s2cid=191633078 }}</ref> ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'' has been distributed by many motion picture and home video companies over the decades, as if it were in the ];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-06 |title=11 Classic Films in the Public Domain |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/92931/11-classic-films-public-domain |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US}}</ref> however, because it ] from the 1934 film, ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'' itself falls under the same copyright as its parent film and will not truly enter the public domain until that film's copyright expires in 2030.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} WPIX has not enforced its copyright on ''March of the Wooden Soldiers'', effectively making the film an ].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}


==History== ==History==
Hal Roach first sold the film in 1944 to the ] estate, and at this point, the film’s copyright was reassigned to Federal Films. Shortly thereafter, the rights reverted to film partners Boris Morros and William LeBaron. In 1948, film producer Joe Auerbach acquired the picture and leased most of his distribution rights to Erko, and it was beginning with this distribution deal that the film began to be edited down to alternate versions, in this case, a 75-minute revised reissue. By 1950, Lippert Pictures acquired some distribution rights, and as aforementioned, cut the film further to 73 minutes. Later in the 1950s, television rights were licensed to Quality Pictures, and by 1952 TV rights reverted to Peerless Television Productions.
⚫ Hal Roach first sold the film to Federal Films. Federal Films, in turn, leased the rights to Lippert Pictures. In the early 1960s, Prime TV took over distribution. Shortly thereafter, Prime TV passed distribution on to WPIX and its eventual owners, Tribune Broadcasting. In the 1970s, Thunderbird Films released 16mm prints drawn from a heavily spliced (and incomplete) master. In the 1980s, Tribune leased the film to ]. The Samuel Goldwyn Company's select holdings (particularly the non-Samuel Goldwyn-produced films) ultimately became part of the ] library. Finally, Orion became a division of ], thus after nearly eight decades, bringing partial rights full circle. In 2019, the underlying rights to the film became the property of Tribune successor ].{{cn|date=May 2023}}


⚫ ] TV station ]’s long association with the film began with its initial airing on December 24, 1952, and it has aired almost annually ever since. Meanwhile, by 1968, Prime TV Films would acquire ownership of the film, and as previously mentioned, they have been the copyright holders of the film ever since. In the 1970s, Thunderbird Films released 16mm prints drawn from a heavily spliced (and incomplete) master. In the 1980s, WPIX and its then-owner, ], leased the film to ]. The Samuel Goldwyn Company's select holdings (particularly the non-Samuel Goldwyn-produced films) ultimately became part of the ] library. Finally, Orion became a division of ], thus after nearly eight decades, bringing partial rights full circle. Since 1984, the underlying rights to the film have been the property of ] and its successive owners.<ref>Skretvedt, Randy. 2023. ''March of the Wooden Soldiers: The Amazing Story of Laurel & Hardy’s “Babes In Toyland”''. Bonaventure Press. p. 472-515. {{ISBN|193787821X}}</ref>
⚫ In 1991, the complete film was restored and ] by American Film Technologies for television showings and video release by ].<ref name="IMDbAlternateVersions">{{cite web |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0024852/alternateversions |title=Alternate Versions for ''Babes in Toyland'' |access-date=December 25, 2006 |website=] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |asin=6303625800 |title=Babes in Toyland }}</ref> In 2006, the complete print was again restored and colorized by ], using the latest technology.<ref name="IMDbAlternateVersions"/><ref name="BlottoOnline">{{cite book|url=http://www.blotto.nl/index.php/international/the_original_babes_in_colour/ |edition=The original ''Babes'' in colour |title=Babes in Toyland |access-date=December 25, 2006 |website=Blotto Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521083913/http://www.blotto.nl/index.php/international/the_original_babes_in_colour/ |archive-date=May 21, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HLDFKO/ |title=March of the Wooden Soldiers|asin=B000HLDFKO |access-date=December 25, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305141543/http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HLDFKO/|url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-03-05}}</ref> Although the Legend Films release was advertised under its reissue title, both the color and black-and-white prints featured the original title and opening credits.<ref name="BlottoOnline"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Trailer |publisher=Legend Films |edition=Complete print restored and colorized |date=2006 |url=http://www.legendfilms.net/trailers/dvd_mwsTrailer.html |work=Babes In Toyland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125545/http://www.legendfilms.net/trailers/dvd_mwsTrailer.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>

⚫ In 1991, the complete film was restored and ] by American Film Technologies for television showings and video release by The Samuel Goldwyn Company.<ref name="IMDbAlternateVersions">{{cite web |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0024852/alternateversions |title=Alternate Versions for ''Babes in Toyland'' |access-date=December 25, 2006 |website=] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |asin=6303625800 |title=Babes in Toyland }}</ref> In 2006, the complete print was again restored and colorized by ], using the latest technology.<ref name="IMDbAlternateVersions"/><ref name="BlottoOnline">{{cite book|url=http://www.blotto.nl/index.php/international/the_original_babes_in_colour/ |edition=The original ''Babes'' in colour |title=Babes in Toyland |access-date=December 25, 2006 |website=Blotto Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521083913/http://www.blotto.nl/index.php/international/the_original_babes_in_colour/ |archive-date=May 21, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HLDFKO/ |title=March of the Wooden Soldiers|asin=B000HLDFKO |access-date=December 25, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305141543/http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HLDFKO/|url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-03-05}}</ref> Although the Legend Films release was advertised under its reissue title, both the color and black-and-white prints featured the original title and opening credits.<ref name="BlottoOnline"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Trailer |publisher=Legend Films |edition=Complete print restored and colorized |date=2006 |url=http://www.legendfilms.net/trailers/dvd_mwsTrailer.html |work=Babes In Toyland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125545/http://www.legendfilms.net/trailers/dvd_mwsTrailer.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Babes in Toyland (1934 film)}} {{Commons category|Babes in Toyland (1934 film)}}
* {{IMDb title|0024852|March of the Wooden Soldiers}} * {{IMDb title|0024852}}
* {{Internet Archive film|id=BabesInToylandBW}} * {{Internet Archive film|BabesInToylandBW}}
* {{Amg title|84210|Babes in Toyland}} * {{TCMDb title|67849}}
⚫ * {{AFI film|6854}}
* {{Tcmdb title|67849|Babes in Toyland}}
⚫ * {{AFI film|id=6854|title=Babes in Toyland}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|march_of_the_wooden_soldiers|Babes in Toyland}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|march_of_the_wooden_soldiers|Babes in Toyland}}


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Latest revision as of 17:20, 21 December 2024

1934 musical film by Gus Meins, Charles Rogers
Babes in Toyland
Theatrical release poster
Directed byGus Meins
Charles Rogers
Screenplay byFrank Butler
Nick Grinde
Based onBabes in Toyland (operetta), book by:
Glen MacDonough
Anna Alice Chapin
Produced byHal Roach
StarringStan Laurel
Oliver Hardy
Charlotte Henry
CinematographyFrancis Corby
Art Lloyd
Edited byBert Jordan
William H. Terhune
Music byVictor Herbert
Glen MacDonough
Harry Jackson
Production
companies		Hal Roach Studios
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed byLoew's, Inc.
Release date
  • November 30, 1934 (1934-11-30)
Running time78 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish

Babes in Toyland is a Laurel and Hardy musical Christmas film released on November 30, 1934. The film is also known by the alternative titles Laurel and Hardy in Toyland, Revenge Is Sweet (the 1948 European reissue title), and March of the Wooden Soldiers (in the United States), a 73-minute abridged version.

Based on Victor Herbert's popular 1903 operetta Babes in Toyland, the film was produced by Hal Roach, directed by Gus Meins and Charles Rogers, and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. There are two computer-colorized versions between The Samuel Goldwyn Company in 1991 and Legend Films in 2006.

Although the 1934 film makes use of many of the characters in the original play, as well as several of the songs, the plot is almost completely unlike that of the original stage production. In contrast to the stage version, the film's story takes place entirely in Toyland, which is inhabited by Mother Goose (Virginia Karns) and other well-known fairy tale characters.

Plot

Ollie Dee and Stannie Dum

Stannie Dum and Ollie Dee inhabit a shoe residence alongside Mother Peep, Bo Peep, and a diverse array of children. Their tranquil existence is disrupted by the malevolent Silas Barnaby, who harbors intentions to wed Bo Peep and seize control of their shoe abode through foreclosure. Faced with imminent eviction, Ollie impulsively offers their meager savings to stave off the threat, unaware that Stannie has squandered the funds on peewees.

Subsequent attempts to procure the mortgage funds from their employer, the Toymaker, result in calamity when a misguided toy order leads to chaos in the toy shop, resulting in their dismissal. In a desperate gambit to thwart Barnaby, the duo embarks on a futile burglary endeavor, culminating in their arrest and sentencing to banishment in Bogeyland. Despite Bo Peep's reluctant agreement to Barnaby's demands to spare their lives, Stannie and Ollie endure a dunking and face impending exile.

Employing guile and resourcefulness, Stannie and Ollie devise a cunning scheme to disrupt Barnaby's machinations during Bo Peep's wedding ceremony. By unveiling Stannie in Bo Peep's bridal attire, they expose Barnaby's treachery and obliterate the mortgage, thus freeing Bo Peep.

However, Barnaby exacts vengeance by framing Bo Peep's true love, Tom-Tom, for "pignapping," leading to his unjust banishment to Bogeyland. In a race against time, Stannie and Ollie unravel Barnaby's scheme, ultimately rescuing Tom-Tom and exposing Barnaby's villainy to the townspeople. A climactic confrontation unfolds in Bogeyland, where Tom-Tom valiantly defends Bo Peep from Barnaby's advances, while Stannie and Ollie join the fray to repel the Bogeymen. The film crescendos with the triumphant march of the wooden soldiers, orchestrated by Stannie and Ollie, driving back the Bogeymen and vanquishing Barnaby, restoring peace to Toyland.

As the kingdom celebrates its salvation, a comedic mishap ensues when Stannie and Ollie inadvertently bombard Ollie with darts from a malfunctioning cannon.

Cast

Uncredited cast

Songs

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The film features only six musical numbers from the enormous stage score, though that is fitting for a musical with only a 78-minute running time. Included in the film, in the order in which they are performed, are: "Toyland" (opening), "Never Mind Bo-Peep", "Castle in Spain", "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)", and "March of the Toys" (an instrumental piece).

Also included in the film is an instrumental version of "I Can't Do the Sum" for the running theme of Laurel and Hardy's scenes. Another song, "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?", is not one of the original stage songs but appears in the Three Little Pigs segment, heard only as an instrumental piece.

The opening song is performed by Mother Goose and an offscreen chorus; most of the others are sung by Bo Peep and/or Tom-Tom. While none of the songs is performed by Laurel and Hardy, the two briefly dance and march in a memorable scene to "March of the Toys".

Production

Radio Pictures announcement for musical film version of Babes in Toyland (1930) which was never realized.

RKO Pictures originally purchased the rights in 1930 with the plans of filming the musical partly in two-strip Technicolor. Plans were announced to have Bebe Daniels (later Irene Dunne) star in the musical along with the comedy team of Wheeler and Woolsey. Due to the backlash against musicals in the autumn of 1930, the plans were dropped. A couple of years later, some thought was given to filming the musical as an animated feature film to be shot in Technicolor by Walt Disney, however, the projected price of the film gave pause to RKO's plans. Hal Roach, who had seen the play as a boy, acquired the film rights to the project in November 1933.

The film was completed in November 1934. The village of Toyland was built on sound stages at Hal Roach Studios with the buildings painted in vivid storybook colors, leading Stan Laurel to regret that the film wasn't shot in Technicolor. The film was originally produced in sepia tone and later colorized.

Walt Disney personally approved the appearance of Mickey Mouse in the film along with the use of the song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?".

Reception

Publicity still

Critics' reviews were positive. Andre Sennwald of The New York Times called the film "an authentic children's entertainment and quite the merriest of its kind that Hollywood has turned loose on the nation's screens in a long time." Variety proclaimed it "a film par excellence for children. It's packed with laughs and thrills and is endowed with that glamour of mysticism which marks juvenile literature." John Mosher wrote in The New Yorker: "It's certainly far more successful than was last year's Alice in Wonderland, and the children will probably be far less bored by it than they generally are by those films designed especially for them". Film Daily called it "delightful musical fantasy" and "dandy entertainment". The Chicago Tribune review read: "It's been many a long day since I've had so much pure (and I MEAN pure!) fun as I had watching this picture".

Babes in Toyland, one of many feature films with Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, was also popular at the box office. However, many years later in a filmed interview, Hal Roach admitted that on its first release, the film lost money. After it appeared in theaters, it was re-released several times with the title constantly changed, to make it seem to audiences that they were going to see a different film. It surfaced as a holiday movie on TV as March of the Wooden Soldiers, where it was rerun annually on some local affiliates for many years. On one local Atlanta station, the film was shown as a Thanksgiving special only a few weeks before the release of its 1961 Disney Technicolor remake, so that those who saw it on television and then saw the Disney film version over the Christmas holiday had the experience of seeing two different versions of the same work, within a few weeks of each other.

A holiday staple, this film was shown by many television stations in the United States during the Thanksgiving/Christmas holiday season, each year, during the 1960s and 1970s. In New York City, it continues to run (as of 2024) on WPIX as March of the Wooden Soldiers, airing on that station in the daytime on Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. It also runs nationally, on occasion, on This TV, as well as Turner Classic Movies.

Copyright status

1950 re-release poster for Babes in Toyland (1934)

The original 79-minute film is under copyright to Prime TV Inc., the assets of which as of the present time are owned by television station WPIX (and its current owners, Mission Broadcasting), with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (under Orion Pictures, which like MGM is now part of Amazon) still handling partial distribution rights of the film, making this one of the few films that were not part of MGM's pre-May 1986 library which Ted Turner purchased it.

In 1950, a 73-minute edited version was distributed by Lippert Pictures, retitled March of the Wooden Soldiers; it was released without a copyright notice. The edited version of the film had the opening tune "Toyland" trimmed and the "Go to Sleep (Slumber Deep)" number cut completely. Also removed were Barnaby's attempted abduction of Little Bo-Peep and his ultimate fistfight with Tom-Tom. March of the Wooden Soldiers has been distributed by many motion picture and home video companies over the decades, as if it were in the public domain; however, because it relies entirely on copyrighted material from the 1934 film, March of the Wooden Soldiers itself falls under the same copyright as its parent film and will not truly enter the public domain until that film's copyright expires in 2030. WPIX has not enforced its copyright on March of the Wooden Soldiers, effectively making the film an orphan work.

History

Hal Roach first sold the film in 1944 to the Victor Herbert estate, and at this point, the film’s copyright was reassigned to Federal Films. Shortly thereafter, the rights reverted to film partners Boris Morros and William LeBaron. In 1948, film producer Joe Auerbach acquired the picture and leased most of his distribution rights to Erko, and it was beginning with this distribution deal that the film began to be edited down to alternate versions, in this case, a 75-minute revised reissue. By 1950, Lippert Pictures acquired some distribution rights, and as aforementioned, cut the film further to 73 minutes. Later in the 1950s, television rights were licensed to Quality Pictures, and by 1952 TV rights reverted to Peerless Television Productions.

New York TV station WPIX’s long association with the film began with its initial airing on December 24, 1952, and it has aired almost annually ever since. Meanwhile, by 1968, Prime TV Films would acquire ownership of the film, and as previously mentioned, they have been the copyright holders of the film ever since. In the 1970s, Thunderbird Films released 16mm prints drawn from a heavily spliced (and incomplete) master. In the 1980s, WPIX and its then-owner, Tribune Broadcasting, leased the film to The Samuel Goldwyn Company. The Samuel Goldwyn Company's select holdings (particularly the non-Samuel Goldwyn-produced films) ultimately became part of the Orion Pictures library. Finally, Orion became a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, thus after nearly eight decades, bringing partial rights full circle. Since 1984, the underlying rights to the film have been the property of WPIX and its successive owners.

In 1991, the complete film was restored and colorized by American Film Technologies for television showings and video release by The Samuel Goldwyn Company. In 2006, the complete print was again restored and colorized by Legend Films, using the latest technology. Although the Legend Films release was advertised under its reissue title, both the color and black-and-white prints featured the original title and opening credits.

See also

References

Citations

  1. "Calendar of Current Releases". Variety: 25. December 25, 1934.
  2. Brown 2016, p. 128.
  3. "Babes in Toyland". Turner Classic Movies. Atlanta: Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner). Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  4. Maltin, Leonard, ed. (2007). Leonard Maltin's 2008 Movie Guide. New York: Signet. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-451-22186-5.
  5. Everson, William K. 1967. The Complete Films of Laurel and Hardy. Citadel Press. p. 160. ISBN 0806501464
  6. "Roy Seawright". theluckycorner.com. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  7. Barr, Charles. 1968. Laurel & Hardy. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 90. OCLC 291931
  8. p. 150 King, Rob Hokum!: The Early Sound Slapstick Short and Depression-Era Mass Culture Univ of California Press, 7 Apr. 2017
  9. p. 128 Rowan, Terry Character-Based Film Series Part 3 Lulu.com
  10. Ehrbar, Greg. "Laurel & Hardy & Mickey Mouse in Toyland: On the Record". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
  11. Sennwald, Andre (December 13, 1934). "Movie Review – Babes in Toyland". The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  12. "Babes in Toyland". Variety. New York. December 16, 1934. p. 12.
  13. Mosher, John C. (December 22, 1934). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. p. 50.
  14. "Reviews of the New Films". Film Daily: 11. November 12, 1934.
  15. "Movie Story Set In Toyland Is Grand Fun". Chicago Daily Tribune: 27. December 14, 1934.
  16. Churchill, Douglas W. The Year in Hollywood: 1934 May Be Remembered as the Beginning of the Sweetness-and-Light Era (gate locked); New York Times 30 Dec 1934: X5. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  17. "BABES IN TOYLAND (1934)". TCM.com. Turner Classic Movies (TCM). Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  18. David, Pierce (June 2007). "Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain". Film History: An International Journal. 19 (2): 125–43 (in particular, see p. 130). doi:10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 25165419. OCLC 15122313. S2CID 191633078.
  19. "11 Classic Films in the Public Domain". Mental Floss. 2017-03-06. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
  20. Skretvedt, Randy. 2023. March of the Wooden Soldiers: The Amazing Story of Laurel & Hardy’s “Babes In Toyland”. Bonaventure Press. p. 472-515. ISBN 193787821X
  21. ^ "Alternate Versions for Babes in Toyland". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  22. Babes in Toyland. ASIN 6303625800.
  23. ^ Babes in Toyland (The original Babes in colour ed.). Archived from the original on May 21, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2006. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  24. "March of the Wooden Soldiers". ASIN B000HLDFKO. Archived from the original on 2008-03-05. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  25. "Trailer". Babes In Toyland (Complete print restored and colorized ed.). Legend Films. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.

General sources

External links

Laurel and Hardy filmography
Short films
Silent
Talking
Feature films
Related
Films directed by Charley Rogers
Films directed by Gus Meins
Categories: