Misplaced Pages

Gerhard von Malberg: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 04:29, 29 March 2007 editOlessi (talk | contribs)31,867 edits copyedit and rewrite a bit← Previous edit Latest revision as of 21:54, 29 August 2024 edit undoJJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs)Bots, Administrators3,681,635 editsm Moving Category:Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order to Category:Grand masters of the Teutonic Order per Misplaced Pages:Categories for discussion/Speedy 
(46 intermediate revisions by 33 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Gerhard von Malberg''' (ca. 1200 – ] ]) was the sixth ] of the ], serving from 1241 to 1244. After being forced to resign, he joined the ]. '''Gerhard von Malberg''' (born c. 1200, died after 1245) was the sixth ] of the ], serving from c. 1241 to 1244. He was forced to resign from the office, and he does not appear in lists of the order's Grand Masters compiled in the 15th and 16th centuries.


The order was divided and in danger of dissolution during the 1240s and 1250s because its involvement in the ].
==Life==
Gerhard's immediate successors, ] and Gunther von Wüllersleben are also omitted from pre-modern lists, so that ] (r. 1252–1256) is given as the order's sixth Grand Master in historical sources.<ref>], "Überlegungen zu einem heraldischen Repertorium an Hand der Hochmeisterwappen des Deutschen Ordens" in: Matthias Thumser, Janusz Tandecki, Dieter Heckmann (eds.) ''Edition deutschsprachiger Quellen aus dem Ostseeraum (14.-16. Jahrhundert)'', Publikationen des Deutsch-Polnischen Gesprächskreises für Quellenedition. Publikacje Niemiecko-Polskiej Grupy Dyskusyjnej do Spraw Edycij Zrodel 1, 2001, 315&ndash;346 (). "
Von Malberg hailed from what is now ]. His father was Margrave ], who married ] and took her last name and the castle ]. Von Malberg did not plan to join the ]. He was married and had two sons, Thedoric and Otto.
In mehreren Wappenbüchern des 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhunderts wird sogar die gesamte Hochmeisterreihe bis zur Anlage des jeweiligen Kodex aufgeführt. Es fehlen allerdings in allen Fällen die Schilde Gerhards von Malberg (1241-1244) und seiner beiden Nachfolger, Heinrich von Hohenlohe (1244-1249) und Gunther von Wüllersleben (1250-1252). Dieser Befund gilt nicht nur für mehrere süd- und südwestdeutsche Wappenbücher, die heute in Berlin, Innsbruck, Nürnberg, St. Gallen, Leipzig und London aufbewahrt werden und die die Sichtweise vom Deutschen Orden im Reich spiegeln, sondern auch für beinahe die gesamte spätmittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Überlieferung Preußens. Die vorwissenschaftliche Tradition kennt also für die Zeit bis 1525 statt 37 Hochmeistern nur 34 Träger des höchsten Ordensamtes"</ref>


Gerhard was likely a younger son of Dietrich, margrave of Are (]) and Agnes of ]. He apparently received the castle of his mother's family. He was married and had two known sons.
After the death of his wife, von Malberg traveled to ], where his kinsmen were members of the ]. He joined the ] in ] in 1217 and had become the ] of ] by 1227 at the latest. In 1240 he became the Grand Marshal of the Order in ]. His position in the ] and his ties with the Templars brought von Malberg into conflict with Grand Master ] during the ]. ] ] and von Salza supported the movement of most of the Teutonic Knights to ], while von Malberg wanted the Order to focus on the ].
He entered the order after the death of his wife, at an unknown time before 1239.
He is first mentioned in 1239 as a witness, as ''frere Girard de Mauberge''.
In 1240 he signs as Marshall of the order in a treaty with the Knights Hospitaller.
At this time, ] was planning to incorporate the Teutonic Order into the Knights Hospitaller, and Gerhard's career in the order was likely furthered by his good connections to the Hospitaller order.
He was most likely elected Grand Master in late 1241. He is recorded as holding this office in February 1242, when he represented Frederick II at the Roman curia.
Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master, the ], and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the ] to elect ] as pope, but ] was chosen instead.<ref name="Wyatt"/>


During 1243, he seems to have been a follower of Frederick II and his son ] in their conflict with the new pope ], sent by Frederick as an ambassador to the pope to negotiate a reconciliation in June 1243.
After the death of von Salza's successor ] in 1240, von Malberg was chosen Grand Master in 1241 in order to build closer ties with the Middle East; ] was the president of the electoral chapter.<ref name="Wyatt">{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=Walter James|title=The History of Prussia: Tracing the Origin and Development of her Military Organization|publisher=Longman, Green and Co.|location=London|year=1876|pages=326}}</ref> Von Malberg had clear support from ], who claimed ] as a papal ] in 1243; Frederick II had also claimed the territory. Despite the papal support, von Malberg was also favored by the emperor.<ref name="Wyatt"/> Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master, the Archbishop of Bari, and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the ] to elect Otto of St. Nicholas as pope, but ] was chosen instead.<ref name="Wyatt"/>
The pope gave Gerhard an apostolic ring, representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights in return for annual tribute from the Order.<ref name="Wyatt">{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=Walter James|title=The History of Prussia: Tracing the Origin and Development of her Military Organization|url=https://archive.org/details/historyprussiaf01wyatgoog|publisher=Longman, Green and Co.|location=London|year=1876|page=}}</ref> The knights fought against ] during von Malberg's service.

In 1243 ] gave an apostolic ring, representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights, to von Malberg, in return for annual tribute from the Order.<ref name="Wyatt"/> The knights also fought against ] during von Malberg's service.

As tension grew from the splintering of the Order's forces between Prussia, ], and Outremer, support for von Malberg among the Order fell; the Grand Master traveled to ] in Outremer after Innocent fled to ]. The Teutonic Knights organized a ] in Toron and requested von Malberg's resignation. Although he initially proceeded with this, von Malberg then rejected the demand and appealed to the pope. After a papal investigation revealed the Grand Master's poor leadership, he and some of his followers were allowed to leave the Teutonic Order and join the ].<ref name="Wyatt"/>


In late 1243 or early 1244 (before 7 July 1244), Gerhard resigned as Grand Master. The reasons for his resignation are unclear, but he seems to have been accused of poor leadership and mismanagement. Innocent IV permitted Gerhard to enter the Knights Templar, but there is no evidence that Gerhard made use of this.
== References == == References ==
{{German|Gerhard von Malberg|] ]}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


*{{NDB|6|269|270|Gerhard v. Malberg|Kurt Forstreuter|136648312}}
{{Hochmeister|Predecessor=Conrad of Thuringia|Years=]-]|Successor=]}}
*O. Schreiber, "Die Personal- und Amtsdaten der Hochmeister des Deutschen Ritterordens", ''Oberländische Geschichtsblätter'' 15, 1913.

{{s-start}}
{{s-other|]}}
{{s-bef|before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Hochmeister|years=1240-1244}}
{{s-aft|after=]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Malberg, Gerhard von}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malberg, Gerhard von}}
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

]
]

Latest revision as of 21:54, 29 August 2024

Gerhard von Malberg (born c. 1200, died after 1245) was the sixth Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from c. 1241 to 1244. He was forced to resign from the office, and he does not appear in lists of the order's Grand Masters compiled in the 15th and 16th centuries.

The order was divided and in danger of dissolution during the 1240s and 1250s because its involvement in the papal-imperial conflict. Gerhard's immediate successors, Heinrich von Hohenlohe and Gunther von Wüllersleben are also omitted from pre-modern lists, so that Poppo von Osterna (r. 1252–1256) is given as the order's sixth Grand Master in historical sources.

Gerhard was likely a younger son of Dietrich, margrave of Are (Altenahr) and Agnes of Malberg. He apparently received the castle of his mother's family. He was married and had two known sons. He entered the order after the death of his wife, at an unknown time before 1239. He is first mentioned in 1239 as a witness, as frere Girard de Mauberge. In 1240 he signs as Marshall of the order in a treaty with the Knights Hospitaller. At this time, Pope Gregory IX was planning to incorporate the Teutonic Order into the Knights Hospitaller, and Gerhard's career in the order was likely furthered by his good connections to the Hospitaller order. He was most likely elected Grand Master in late 1241. He is recorded as holding this office in February 1242, when he represented Frederick II at the Roman curia. Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master, the Archbishop of Bari, and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the papal conclave to elect Otto of St. Nicholas as pope, but Pope Celestine IV was chosen instead.

During 1243, he seems to have been a follower of Frederick II and his son Conrad IV in their conflict with the new pope Innocent IV, sent by Frederick as an ambassador to the pope to negotiate a reconciliation in June 1243. The pope gave Gerhard an apostolic ring, representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights in return for annual tribute from the Order. The knights fought against Świętopełk II of Pomerania during von Malberg's service.

In late 1243 or early 1244 (before 7 July 1244), Gerhard resigned as Grand Master. The reasons for his resignation are unclear, but he seems to have been accused of poor leadership and mismanagement. Innocent IV permitted Gerhard to enter the Knights Templar, but there is no evidence that Gerhard made use of this.

References

  1. Marie-Luise Heckmann, "Überlegungen zu einem heraldischen Repertorium an Hand der Hochmeisterwappen des Deutschen Ordens" in: Matthias Thumser, Janusz Tandecki, Dieter Heckmann (eds.) Edition deutschsprachiger Quellen aus dem Ostseeraum (14.-16. Jahrhundert), Publikationen des Deutsch-Polnischen Gesprächskreises für Quellenedition. Publikacje Niemiecko-Polskiej Grupy Dyskusyjnej do Spraw Edycij Zrodel 1, 2001, 315–346 (online edition). " In mehreren Wappenbüchern des 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhunderts wird sogar die gesamte Hochmeisterreihe bis zur Anlage des jeweiligen Kodex aufgeführt. Es fehlen allerdings in allen Fällen die Schilde Gerhards von Malberg (1241-1244) und seiner beiden Nachfolger, Heinrich von Hohenlohe (1244-1249) und Gunther von Wüllersleben (1250-1252). Dieser Befund gilt nicht nur für mehrere süd- und südwestdeutsche Wappenbücher, die heute in Berlin, Innsbruck, Nürnberg, St. Gallen, Leipzig und London aufbewahrt werden und die die Sichtweise vom Deutschen Orden im Reich spiegeln, sondern auch für beinahe die gesamte spätmittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Überlieferung Preußens. Die vorwissenschaftliche Tradition kennt also für die Zeit bis 1525 statt 37 Hochmeistern nur 34 Träger des höchsten Ordensamtes"
  2. ^ Wyatt, Walter James (1876). The History of Prussia: Tracing the Origin and Development of her Military Organization. London: Longman, Green and Co. p. 326.
Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
Preceded byConrad of Thuringia Hochmeister
1240-1244 		Succeeded byHeinrich von Hohenlohe
Categories: