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('''Flavius''') '''Julius Constantius''' (died September 337 AD) was a member of the ], being a son of Emperor ] and his wife ], a younger half-brother of Emperor ] and the father of Emperor ]. '''Flavius Julius Constantius''' (died September 337 AD) was a member of the ], being a son of Emperor ] and his wife ], a younger half-brother of Emperor ] and the father of Emperor ].


== Biography == == Biography ==
], Julius Constantius' half-brother]] ], Julius Constantius' half-brother]]
Julius Constantius was the son of ] and his wife ],<ref name="Zonaras 12">], 12.33.</ref> adoptive daughter of emperor ].<ref>] 9, 22</ref> He had two brothers, ] and Hannibalianus, and three sisters, ], ] and ].{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=895}} Emperor ] was his half-brother, as he was the son of Constantius and ]. Despite this illustrious kinship Julius Constantius was never himself emperor or co-emperor; Constantine, however, gave him the title of '']''.<ref name="Athanasius">], ''Two writings against the Arians'', 76.</ref> Julius Constantius was the son of ] and his wife ]. He had two brothers, ] and Hannibalianus, and three sisters, ], ] and ].{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=895}} Emperor ] was his half-brother, as he was the son of Constantius and ].


Julius Constantius was married twice. With his first wife, ], sister of the later consuls ] and ],<ref name="Ammianus_14_11">] 14, 11, 27</ref> he had two sons and a daughter. His eldest son, whose name is not recorded, was murdered in 337 together with his father.<ref>], ''Letter to the Athenians'' 270D.</ref> His second son ],<ref>], ''Orations'', 18, 10</ref> was appointed Caesar by his cousin ]. ] was the first wife of Constantius II.<ref>], ''Life of Constantine'' 4, 49</ref> It has been proposed that Galla and Julius had another daughter, born between 324 and 331 and married to Justus, mother of ], whose daughter, wife of Emperor ], was called ].<ref>Noel Emmanuel Lenski (2006). ''The Cambridge companion to the Age of Constantine, Volume 13''. {{ISBN|0-521-52157-2}}, p. 97.</ref> Julius Constantius was married twice. With his first wife, ], sister of the later consuls ] and ],{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=382}} he had two sons and a daughter. His eldest son, whose name is not recorded, was murdered in 337 together with his father.{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=226}} His second son ], would later be appointed Caesar by Gallus’ cousin ].{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|pp=224-225}} ] was the first wife of Constantius II.{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=1037}} It has been proposed that Galla and Julius had another daughter, who may have been the mother of the empress ].<ref>Noel Emmanuel Lenski (2006). ''The Cambridge companion to the Age of Constantine, Volume 13''. {{ISBN|0-521-52157-2}}, p. 97.</ref>


After the death of his first wife, Julius Constantius married a ] woman<ref>{{cite book |author= Bradbury, Jim |title= The Routledge companion to medieval warfare |url= https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani00brad_406 |url-access= limited |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |page= |isbn= 0-415-22126-9 |quote= JULIAN THE APOSTATE, FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS, ROMAN EMPEROR (332–63) Emperor from 361, son of Julius Constantius and a Greek mother Basilina, grandson of Constantius Chlorus, the only pagan Roman Emperor after 313. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Norwich, John Julius |title= Byzantium: the early centuries |url= https://archive.org/details/byzantiumearlyce0000norw |url-access= limited |publisher= Knopf |year= 1989 |page= |isbn= 0-394-53778-5 |quote= Julius Constantius…Constantine had invited him, with his second wife and his young family, to take up residence in his new capital; and it was in Constantinople that his third son Julian was born, in May or June of the year 332. The baby's mother, Basilina, a Greek from Asia Minor, died a few weeks later… }}</ref> ], the daughter of the governor of Egypt, ].<ref>Julian, ''Letters'' 60.</ref> Basilina gave him another son, the future emperor ],<ref>Libanius, ''Orations'', 18, 9.</ref> but died before her husband, in 332/333.<ref>Julian, ''The Beard-Hater'' 352</ref> Nothing is known about other marriages of Julius Constantius, but since the sources about him are rather poor, other marriages are of course not excluded. After the death of his first wife, Julius Constantius married a ] woman<ref>{{cite book |author= Bradbury, Jim |title= The Routledge companion to medieval warfare |url= https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani00brad_406 |url-access= limited |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |page= |isbn= 0-415-22126-9 |quote= JULIAN THE APOSTATE, FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS, ROMAN EMPEROR (332–63) Emperor from 361, son of Julius Constantius and a Greek mother Basilina, grandson of Constantius Chlorus, the only pagan Roman Emperor after 313. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Norwich, John Julius |title= Byzantium: the early centuries |url= https://archive.org/details/byzantiumearlyce0000norw |url-access= limited |publisher= Knopf |year= 1989 |page= |isbn= 0-394-53778-5 |quote= Julius Constantius…Constantine had invited him, with his second wife and his young family, to take up residence in his new capital; and it was in Constantinople that his third son Julian was born, in May or June of the year 332. The baby's mother, Basilina, a Greek from Asia Minor, died a few weeks later… }}</ref> ], the daughter of the governor of Egypt, ].<ref>Julian, ''Letters'' 60.</ref> Basilina gave him another son, the future emperor ], but died before her husband in 332/333.{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=148}}
⚫ Allegedly at the instigation of Constantine's mother ], Julius Constantius did not live initially at the court of his half brother, but together with Dalmatius and Hannibalianus in ],<ref>], ''Commemoratio professorum Burdigalensium'' 17, 11.</ref> in ], the birthplace of his son Gallus,<ref name="Ammianus_14_11" /> and in ].<ref>Julian, ''Letters'' 20.</ref> Finally, he was called to Constantinople,<ref>Libanius, ''Orations'' 1, 434.</ref> and was able to build a good relationship with Constantine.<ref>Libanius, ''Orations'' 1, 524.</ref>


⚫ Allegedly at the instigation of Constantine's mother Helena,{{sfn|Burgess|2008|p=8}} Julius Constantius did not live initially at the court of his half brother, but together with Dalmatius and Hannibalianus in ], in ], the birthplace of his son Gallus, and in ].{{sfn|Crawford|2016|p=86}} It was only after Helena’s death that he was called to Constantinople,{{sfn|Crawford|2016|p=86}} and was able to build a good relationship with Constantine.<ref>Libanius, ''Orations'' 1, 524.</ref>
⚫ Constantine favoured his half-brother, appointing him ''patricius'' and Consul for the year 335, together with ].{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=226}} However, in 337, after the death of Constantine, several male members of the Constantinian dynasty were killed, among them Constantius (whose property was confiscated)<ref>Julian, ''Letter to the Athenians'' 273B.</ref> and his eldest son;<ref>] 2, 40, 2; Libanius, ''Orations'' 18, 31.</ref> his two younger sons, however, survived, because in 337 they were still children. They would later be elevated to the rank of ''caesar'' and ''augustus'', respectively.

⚫ Constantine favoured his half-brother, appointing him ''patricius'' and Consul for the year 335, together with ].{{sfn|Jones|Martindale|Morris|p=226}} However, after the death of Constantine in 337, several male members of the Constantinian dynasty were killed on the orders of Constantius II,{{sfn|Burgess|2008|pp=25-27}} among them Constantius (whose property was confiscated)<ref>Julian, ''Letter to the Athenians'' 273B.</ref> and his eldest son; his two younger sons, however, survived, because in 337 they were still children. They would later be elevated to the rank of ''caesar'' and ''augustus'', respectively.


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist}}
⚫ ==Sources==


⚫ ==Sources==
*{{cite journal |last=Burgess |year=2008 |first=R.W. |title= THE SUMMER OF BLOOD: The "Great Massacre" of 337 and the Promotion of the Sons of Constantine |journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers |volume=62|pages=5–51 |jstor=20788042}}
*{{cite book |last=Crawford |first=Peter |title=Constantius II: Usurpers, Eunuchs, and the Antichrist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_aJBDQAAQBAJ |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-78340-055-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Jones |year=1971 |first=A.H.M. |author2=J.R. Martindale |author3=J. Morris |title=Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-07233-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/prosopography-later-roman-empire/PLRE-I |name-list-style=amp |author-link=A. H. M. Jones |author-link2=John Robert Martindale |author-link3=John Morris (historian) |ref={{sfnref|Jones|Martindale|Morris}}}} * {{cite book |last=Jones |year=1971 |first=A.H.M. |author2=J.R. Martindale |author3=J. Morris |title=Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-07233-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/prosopography-later-roman-empire/PLRE-I |name-list-style=amp |author-link=A. H. M. Jones |author-link2=John Robert Martindale |author-link3=John Morris (historian) |ref={{sfnref|Jones|Martindale|Morris}}}}


Latest revision as of 02:49, 3 December 2024

Father of emperor Julian (died 337) Not to be confused with Constantius II.
Julius Constantius
Bornafter 293
Died337
SpouseGalla
Basilina
IssueSon of unknown name
Daughter of unknown name
Gallus
Julian
DynastyConstantinian
FatherConstantius I
MotherTheodora

Flavius Julius Constantius (died September 337 AD) was a member of the Constantinian dynasty, being a son of Emperor Constantius Chlorus and his wife Flavia Maximiana Theodora, a younger half-brother of Emperor Constantine the Great and the father of Emperor Julian.

Biography

Constantine the Great, Julius Constantius' half-brother

Julius Constantius was the son of Constantius Chlorus and his wife Theodora. He had two brothers, Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, and three sisters, Constantia, Anastasia and Eutropia. Emperor Constantine I was his half-brother, as he was the son of Constantius and Helena.

Julius Constantius was married twice. With his first wife, Galla, sister of the later consuls Vulcacius Rufinus and Neratius Cerealis, he had two sons and a daughter. His eldest son, whose name is not recorded, was murdered in 337 together with his father. His second son Gallus, would later be appointed Caesar by Gallus’ cousin Constantius II. His daughter was the first wife of Constantius II. It has been proposed that Galla and Julius had another daughter, who may have been the mother of the empress Justina.

After the death of his first wife, Julius Constantius married a Greek woman Basilina, the daughter of the governor of Egypt, Julius Julianus. Basilina gave him another son, the future emperor Julian, but died before her husband in 332/333.

Allegedly at the instigation of Constantine's mother Helena, Julius Constantius did not live initially at the court of his half brother, but together with Dalmatius and Hannibalianus in Tolosa, in Etruria, the birthplace of his son Gallus, and in Corinth. It was only after Helena’s death that he was called to Constantinople, and was able to build a good relationship with Constantine.

Constantine favoured his half-brother, appointing him patricius and Consul for the year 335, together with Ceionius Rufius Albinus. However, after the death of Constantine in 337, several male members of the Constantinian dynasty were killed on the orders of Constantius II, among them Constantius (whose property was confiscated) and his eldest son; his two younger sons, however, survived, because in 337 they were still children. They would later be elevated to the rank of caesar and augustus, respectively.

References

  1. ^ Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 226.
  2. Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 895.
  3. Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 382.
  4. Jones, Martindale & Morris, pp. 224–225.
  5. Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 1037.
  6. Noel Emmanuel Lenski (2006). The Cambridge companion to the Age of Constantine, Volume 13. ISBN 0-521-52157-2, p. 97.
  7. Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge companion to medieval warfare. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 0-415-22126-9. JULIAN THE APOSTATE, FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS, ROMAN EMPEROR (332–63) Emperor from 361, son of Julius Constantius and a Greek mother Basilina, grandson of Constantius Chlorus, the only pagan Roman Emperor after 313.
  8. Norwich, John Julius (1989). Byzantium: the early centuries. Knopf. p. 83. ISBN 0-394-53778-5. Julius Constantius…Constantine had invited him, with his second wife and his young family, to take up residence in his new capital; and it was in Constantinople that his third son Julian was born, in May or June of the year 332. The baby's mother, Basilina, a Greek from Asia Minor, died a few weeks later…
  9. Julian, Letters 60.
  10. Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 148.
  11. Burgess 2008, p. 8.
  12. ^ Crawford 2016, p. 86.
  13. Libanius, Orations 1, 524.
  14. Burgess 2008, pp. 25–27.
  15. Julian, Letter to the Athenians 273B.

Sources

Political offices
Preceded byFlavius Optatus
Amnius Anicius Paulinus 		Roman consul
335
with Ceionius Rufius Albinus 		Succeeded byVirius Nepotianus
Tettius Facundus
Julian
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