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{{Short description|Skyscraper in Baltimore, Maryland, US}}
Located on the ] of ], the '''Baltimore World Trade Center''' is the world's tallest equilateral five-sided building (the five-sided ] in ] is taller, but has unequal sides). The Trade Center also houses the headquarters of the ] as well as hosting office space to numerous companies and several state agencies.
{{Infobox building
|name = Baltimore World Trade Center
|image = wtc-baltimore.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Baltimore World Trade Center as seen from a boat in the ] in ]
|completion_date = January 1977
|location = 401 E. Pratt St<br>Baltimore<br>MD 21202<br>USA
| coordinates = {{coord|39|17|09.66|N|76|36|34.77|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|status = Complete
|start_date = October 1973
|building_type = Office
|antenna_spire =
|roof = 123.5 m (405 ft)<ref name="Press Release">{{cite news|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/pressreleases/100910b.asp|title=World Trade Center in Baltimore Tapped as Site for Maryland 9/11 Memorial|publisher=Office of Governor Martin O'Malley, press release|date=October 9, 2010|access-date=October 18, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101021033802/http://www.governor.maryland.gov/pressreleases/100910b.asp| archive-date= 21 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|top_floor =
|floor_count = 30<ref name="Pei Cobb Freed" />
|floor_area = {{convert|422,000|sqft|abbr=on}}
|elevator_count =
|cost = $22 million
|architect = ]
|structural_engineer= Weiskopf & Pickworth, New York, NY
|main_contractor =
|developer =
|owner = ]
}}
The '''Baltimore World Trade Center''' is a 30-story ] located on the ] of ] designed by the architectural firm ] with principal architects ] and Pershing Wong.<ref name="Pei Cobb Freed">{{cite web|url=http://www.pcf-p.com/a/p/6603/s.html|title=World Trade Center|publisher=Pei Cobb Freed & Partners Architects LLP|access-date=July 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001084920/http://www.pcf-p.com/a/p/6603/s.html|archive-date=October 1, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., ''A Guide to Baltimore Architecture'' (1997) p. 65. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland {{ISBN|0-87033-477-8}}</ref>


Planning and design of the building began in April 1966. Construction started in October 1973. The building was completed in January 1977,<ref name="Pei Cobb Freed" /> and its construction cost was of $22 million.<ref>Robert C. Keith (2005). ''Baltimore harbor: a pictorial history''. p. 127. Johns Hopkins University Press. {{ISBN|0-8018-7980-9}}.</ref>
]

Rising {{convert|405|ft|m|abbr=on}} above the one-acre plaza where it stands between Pratt Street and the harbor, the building is 30 ] tall when its basement, lobby level and upper utility level are included in the count. Gross floor space covers {{convert|422000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}. Major building components include {{convert|309000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of office floors, a lobby of {{convert|13000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}, a basement of {{convert|20800|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} and {{convert|38000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of ground level plaza.<ref name="Pei Cobb Freed" /> It is the world's tallest ] ]al–based skyscraper (the pentagonal-based ] in ] is taller, but is not regular).

==Name==
The building's name identifies its purpose of accommodating "activities and services devoted to the promotion of world trade" as required for ] of this name by the ].<ref name="WTCA">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtcaonline.com/cms_wtca/images/pdfs/wtca_handbook.pdf|title=WTCA Handbook|publisher=World Trade Centers Association|date=August 2006|access-date=July 1, 2011}}</ref> Baltimore is one of 16 charter members of the World Trade Centers Association.<ref name="Bomb Threats" />

The landmark tower houses the headquarters of the ], the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development and the ], which is a member of the ] and operates as a private, ] international business membership organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtci.org/about/history-founders/|title=History & Founders|publisher=World Trade Center Institute|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119161948/https://www.wtci.org/about/history-founders/|archive-date=January 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Alignment and lighting==
The building was positioned so that a corner points out toward the waters of the Inner Harbor, suggesting the prow of a ship.<ref>Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., ''A Guide to Baltimore Architecture'' (1997) p. 64. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland {{ISBN|0-87033-477-8}}</ref> Perched at the Harbor's edge, the building appears to rise out of the water when viewed from certain vantage points. It presents a frontal plane toward the city, across a broad plaza between the building and Pratt Street.<ref name="Pei Cobb Freed" />

In the base at each of the building's five recessed corners, 4,500-watt xenon spotlights dramatically illuminate the building at night, from the ground up, with oversized parabolic mirrors at the top of the
five corners then reflecting the light outward in brilliant V-shaped beams. The "beacon" effect was loosely inspired by lighthouses found along the Chesapeake Bay. This signature lighting scheme, designed by ], is visible in the Baltimore skyline from seven to 10 miles away under favorable weather conditions. Installed in 1994, the xenon lighting system replaced 1,000-watt incandescent lamps originally installed at the base of the building, which illuminated only the first three floors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1994/10/21/light-up-the-sky-trade-center-to-become-a-downtown-beacon/|title=Light up the sky: Trade center to become a downtown beacon|work=The Baltimore Sun|author=Edward Gunts|date=October 21, 1994|access-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref>

== Top of the World ==
]
An enclosed observation level on the 27th floor, called "Top of the World", provides a 360-degree panoramic view of the city. The Top of the World is handicap accessible, offers Baltimore history, rotating art exhibits, occasional special events, a gift shop featuring local art, and is home of the 9/11 Memorial of Maryland. The observation level is open to the public during daytime hours, and may be rented for special events by government organizations and corporations.<ref name="Top of the World"> Baltimore Office of Promotion & the Arts. Retrieved 2010-10-18.</ref>

==Impact of September 11 attacks==
Two hours after the ] on the ] in ], Baltimore's World Trade Center was evacuated and closed. This was a response to a "credible" threat that the Baltimore building would also be attacked. A resident of southwest Baltimore was arrested that night and accused of giving the police a false warning.<ref name="Bomb Threats">{{cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2001/10/05/citys-trade-center-enhances-security/|title=City's trade center enhances security|author=Scott Calvert|date=October 5, 2001|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=July 1, 2011}}</ref>

Unsubstantiated bomb threats received on September 12 and September 14 further contributed to security concerns at the building. A temporary barrier of concrete walls was erected around the brick plaza between the building and Pratt Street, closing the area to pedestrian and vehicle access. Four barges were moved to the building's harbor side to protect it from attack by boats.<ref name="Bomb Threats" />

Due to the building's name and its prominent location on Baltimore's skyline, state officials presumed that a similar attack on other American cities would likely target the Baltimore World Trade Center. Their response was criticized, because "such drastic steps" were not taken at World Trade Center buildings in other cities. As security was relaxed later in the year, the concrete barriers and barges were removed.<ref name="Bomb Threats" />

The exterior lighting system was turned off and remained dark until the end of 2007. The waterfront walkway beneath the building, an extension of the ] promenade, is now only open to the public during daylight hours.{{citation needed|date=October 2010}}

===9/11 Memorial of Maryland===
]]]
A memorial to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks, built on the pedestrian promenade of the Baltimore World Trade Center between the building and Pratt Street, was dedicated on September 11, 2011, the tenth anniversary of the attacks. The memorial structure includes three 22-foot long steel beams from the New York World Trade Center, which were part of the 94th to 96th floors of the north tower. Twisted and fused together, the steel beams and damaged limestone pieces from the Pentagon's west wall rest atop marble blocks bearing the names and birthdays of the 68 Marylanders who died in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Windows on the top floor of the Baltimore World Trade Center are marked with all of the names of the September 11 attack victims.<ref>{{cite web|last=Banks|first=Kathy|title=Baltimore 9/11 Memorial Taking Shape|url=http://www.nbcwashington.com/the-scene/events/Mds-911-Memorial-Taking-Shape-121173949.html|work=NBC News|access-date=October 11, 2011|date=May 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Valcourt|first=Dereck|title=Maryland Unveils 9/11 Memorial at Baltimore's World Trade Center.|url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2011/09/11/maryland-unveils-911-memorial-at-baltimores-world-trade-center/|work=CBS News|access-date=October 7, 2011|date=September 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Memorial">{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-09-11/news/bs-md-911-memorial-dedication-20110911_1_basmattie-bishundat-memorials-terrorist-attacks|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117165253/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-09-11/news/bs-md-911-memorial-dedication-20110911_1_basmattie-bishundat-memorials-terrorist-attacks|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 17, 2013|title=Maryland dedicates 9/11 memorial at Baltimore's World Trade Center|author=Jamie Smith Hopkins|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=September 11, 2011|access-date=October 27, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Design Team">{{cite news|url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/9-11-memorial-maryland/world-trade-center/prweb8464846.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523224144/http://www.prweb.com/releases/9-11-memorial-maryland/world-trade-center/prweb8464846.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 23, 2011|title=9/11 Memorial of Maryland Design Team Reveals First Look at Monument Honoring 63 Marylanders Who Perished in Sept. 11 Attacks|publisher=PRWeb|date=May 20, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref>

Inscriptions on the marble platform, describing the events of the September 11 attacks, are arranged so that the building's shadow moves across them like a sundial. On September 11 each year, the shadow touches each inscription at the time that event occurred.<ref name="Design Team" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maryland911memorial.org/about-the-memorial/memorial-design|title=Memorial Design|publisher=9/11 Memorial of Maryland|access-date=October 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521044826/http://www.maryland911memorial.org/about-the-memorial/memorial-design|archive-date=May 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-05-18/business/bs-bz-memorial-unveilng-20110518_1_maryland-home-million-memorial-attacks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720134614/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-05-18/business/bs-bz-memorial-unveilng-20110518_1_maryland-home-million-memorial-attacks|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 20, 2011|title=Design unveiled for 9/11 Memorial of Maryland|author=Edward Gunts|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=May 18, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref>

The second exhibit memorializes the passengers of ] with a smooth, glossy granite block.<ref name="Memorial" />

The memorial was designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Ziger/Snead and paid for by donations.<ref name="Design Team" />

==Hurricane Isabel flooding==
]
] flooded the Baltimore World Trade Center's basement with {{convert|3|e6USgal|m3}} of water in September 2003, destroying electrical, mechanical and telecommunications equipment serving the entire building, located there. The building remained closed for clean-up for more than a month after the hurricane struck, displacing 60 tenants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2003/10/21/tenants-of-city-trade-center-tread-water/|title=Tenants of city trade center tread water|author=Meredith Cohn|publisher=Baltimore Sun|date=October 21, 2003|access-date=2010-10-18}}</ref>

==State ownership of building==
The building is owned by the Maryland Port Administration. As a result, there have been public discussions about whether it should be sold in debates over state budgets. In the "Maryland Transition" report to the incoming Governor Martin O'Malley in January 2007, the Transportation work group noted that former Governor ] favored selling the Baltimore World Trade Center.<ref> Transportation Workgroup (January 19, 2007), p. 16. Office of Governor Martin O'Malley. Retrieved 2010-10-18.</ref> Governor O'Malley chose to maintain state ownership.<ref>Jen DeGregiori (March 26, 2007). "Gov. O'Malley looking for ways to maintain ownership of Baltimore's World Trade Center" ''The Daily Record (Baltimore)''.</ref>

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008, the Baltimore World Trade Center incurred an operating loss of $2.3 million. This was due to an occupancy rate that had declined to 43 percent by March 2008. A low occupancy level was expected "to make it easier to sell".<ref> Office of Legislative Audits (February 23, 2009).</ref>

The Maryland Board of Public Works took two important steps in 2007 and 2008 toward improving occupancy at the World Trade Center: streamlining lease approvals and hiring an agent. In December 2007, the Board delegated its lease approval authority to the Secretary of Transportation.<ref>Andy Rosen (December 13, 2007). "State streamlines Baltimore's World Trade Center leasing process." ''The Daily Record (Baltimore)''.</ref> Meridian Management Corp. was awarded a 5-year contract, beginning on June 10, 2008, to serve as the World Trade Center's leasing agent. Meridian's contract, approved by the Board of Public Works on May 21, 2008, also includes operation and maintenance of the building.<ref>Andy Rosen (May 21, 2008). "Leasing agent for WTC seen as big step in making Inner Harbor." ''The Daily Record (Baltimore)''.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720071048/http://www.bpw.state.md.us/static_files/meetings/5-21-2008.pdf |date=2011-07-20 }} Maryland Board of Public Works (May 21, 2008).</ref>

==Floating wetlands gardens==
]
]
Construction of an array of grassy floating gardens, tethered to the waterfront bulkhead below the southern face of the World Trade Center, began in the summer of 2010. This project, scheduled for completion by April 20, 2012, uses floating frames to build wetlands gardens in Baltimore's inner harbor. The Waterfront Partnership, a nonprofit group serving the businesses located at the inner harbor, started the project with eight small wetland floats, funded in 2010 with a grant from Blue Water Baltimore. Although the original floats were destroyed by ], students from the Living Classrooms Foundation and volunteers from ] have built 50 new floating frames to restore the floating wetland system.<ref name="Faux wetlands">{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-04-08/features/bs-gr-floating-wetlands-2-20120408_1_laura-bankey-artificial-wetlands-blue-water-baltimore|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118050825/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-04-08/features/bs-gr-floating-wetlands-2-20120408_1_laura-bankey-artificial-wetlands-blue-water-baltimore|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2013|title=Faux wetlands expand in harbor|author=Timothy B. Wheeler|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=April 9, 2012|page=1}}</ref>

The inner harbor wetlands system is expected to extract at least two pounds of ] from the water for every 100 pounds of grass growing on the floats. Its underside will also provide a habitat for small marine life, such as worms, barnacles, eels, crabs and mussels. Plants selected for the floats include a variety of marsh grasses which feed on nutrients from sewage leaks and storm runoff. Plastic beverage bottles, retrieved from trash floating in the inner harbor, are embedded in the structure of the floats to provide buoyancy.<ref name="Faux wetlands" />


==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] in ]
* ]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official |https://www.wtci.org/}}

{{Baltimore skyscrapers}}
{{Authority control}}

]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 02:46, 9 October 2024

Skyscraper in Baltimore, Maryland, US
Baltimore World Trade Center
Baltimore World Trade Center as seen from a boat in the Inner Harbor in Baltimore
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeOffice
Location401 E. Pratt St
Baltimore
MD 21202
USA
Coordinates39°17′09.66″N 76°36′34.77″W / 39.2860167°N 76.6096583°W / 39.2860167; -76.6096583
Construction startedOctober 1973
CompletedJanuary 1977
Cost$22 million
OwnerMaryland Port Administration
Height
Roof123.5 m (405 ft)
Technical details
Floor count30
Floor area422,000 sq ft (39,200 m)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
Structural engineerWeiskopf & Pickworth, New York, NY

The Baltimore World Trade Center is a 30-story skyscraper located on the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland designed by the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners with principal architects Henry N. Cobb and Pershing Wong.

Planning and design of the building began in April 1966. Construction started in October 1973. The building was completed in January 1977, and its construction cost was of $22 million.

Rising 405 ft (123 m) above the one-acre plaza where it stands between Pratt Street and the harbor, the building is 30 stories tall when its basement, lobby level and upper utility level are included in the count. Gross floor space covers 422,000 sq ft (39,200 m). Major building components include 309,000 sq ft (28,700 m) of office floors, a lobby of 13,000 sq ft (1,200 m), a basement of 20,800 sq ft (1,930 m) and 38,000 sq ft (3,500 m) of ground level plaza. It is the world's tallest regular pentagonal–based skyscraper (the pentagonal-based JPMorgan Chase Tower in Houston is taller, but is not regular).

Name

The building's name identifies its purpose of accommodating "activities and services devoted to the promotion of world trade" as required for licensing of this name by the World Trade Centers Association. Baltimore is one of 16 charter members of the World Trade Centers Association.

The landmark tower houses the headquarters of the Maryland Port Administration, the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development and the World Trade Center Institute, which is a member of the World Trade Centers Association and operates as a private, non-profit international business membership organization.

Alignment and lighting

The building was positioned so that a corner points out toward the waters of the Inner Harbor, suggesting the prow of a ship. Perched at the Harbor's edge, the building appears to rise out of the water when viewed from certain vantage points. It presents a frontal plane toward the city, across a broad plaza between the building and Pratt Street.

In the base at each of the building's five recessed corners, 4,500-watt xenon spotlights dramatically illuminate the building at night, from the ground up, with oversized parabolic mirrors at the top of the five corners then reflecting the light outward in brilliant V-shaped beams. The "beacon" effect was loosely inspired by lighthouses found along the Chesapeake Bay. This signature lighting scheme, designed by Ray Grenald, is visible in the Baltimore skyline from seven to 10 miles away under favorable weather conditions. Installed in 1994, the xenon lighting system replaced 1,000-watt incandescent lamps originally installed at the base of the building, which illuminated only the first three floors.

Top of the World

View from the Top of the World

An enclosed observation level on the 27th floor, called "Top of the World", provides a 360-degree panoramic view of the city. The Top of the World is handicap accessible, offers Baltimore history, rotating art exhibits, occasional special events, a gift shop featuring local art, and is home of the 9/11 Memorial of Maryland. The observation level is open to the public during daytime hours, and may be rented for special events by government organizations and corporations.

Impact of September 11 attacks

Two hours after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, Baltimore's World Trade Center was evacuated and closed. This was a response to a "credible" threat that the Baltimore building would also be attacked. A resident of southwest Baltimore was arrested that night and accused of giving the police a false warning.

Unsubstantiated bomb threats received on September 12 and September 14 further contributed to security concerns at the building. A temporary barrier of concrete walls was erected around the brick plaza between the building and Pratt Street, closing the area to pedestrian and vehicle access. Four barges were moved to the building's harbor side to protect it from attack by boats.

Due to the building's name and its prominent location on Baltimore's skyline, state officials presumed that a similar attack on other American cities would likely target the Baltimore World Trade Center. Their response was criticized, because "such drastic steps" were not taken at World Trade Center buildings in other cities. As security was relaxed later in the year, the concrete barriers and barges were removed.

The exterior lighting system was turned off and remained dark until the end of 2007. The waterfront walkway beneath the building, an extension of the Harborplace promenade, is now only open to the public during daylight hours.

9/11 Memorial of Maryland

Memorial to the victims of the September 11 attacks

A memorial to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks, built on the pedestrian promenade of the Baltimore World Trade Center between the building and Pratt Street, was dedicated on September 11, 2011, the tenth anniversary of the attacks. The memorial structure includes three 22-foot long steel beams from the New York World Trade Center, which were part of the 94th to 96th floors of the north tower. Twisted and fused together, the steel beams and damaged limestone pieces from the Pentagon's west wall rest atop marble blocks bearing the names and birthdays of the 68 Marylanders who died in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Windows on the top floor of the Baltimore World Trade Center are marked with all of the names of the September 11 attack victims.

Inscriptions on the marble platform, describing the events of the September 11 attacks, are arranged so that the building's shadow moves across them like a sundial. On September 11 each year, the shadow touches each inscription at the time that event occurred.

The second exhibit memorializes the passengers of Flight 93 with a smooth, glossy granite block.

The memorial was designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Ziger/Snead and paid for by donations.

Hurricane Isabel flooding

Detail of the building from the Harbor

Hurricane Isabel flooded the Baltimore World Trade Center's basement with 3 million US gallons (11,000 m) of water in September 2003, destroying electrical, mechanical and telecommunications equipment serving the entire building, located there. The building remained closed for clean-up for more than a month after the hurricane struck, displacing 60 tenants.

State ownership of building

The building is owned by the Maryland Port Administration. As a result, there have been public discussions about whether it should be sold in debates over state budgets. In the "Maryland Transition" report to the incoming Governor Martin O'Malley in January 2007, the Transportation work group noted that former Governor Robert Ehrlich favored selling the Baltimore World Trade Center. Governor O'Malley chose to maintain state ownership.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008, the Baltimore World Trade Center incurred an operating loss of $2.3 million. This was due to an occupancy rate that had declined to 43 percent by March 2008. A low occupancy level was expected "to make it easier to sell".

The Maryland Board of Public Works took two important steps in 2007 and 2008 toward improving occupancy at the World Trade Center: streamlining lease approvals and hiring an agent. In December 2007, the Board delegated its lease approval authority to the Secretary of Transportation. Meridian Management Corp. was awarded a 5-year contract, beginning on June 10, 2008, to serve as the World Trade Center's leasing agent. Meridian's contract, approved by the Board of Public Works on May 21, 2008, also includes operation and maintenance of the building.

Floating wetlands gardens

Floating "wetlands" attached to the waterfront bulkhead of the Baltimore World Trade Center (May 2012)
Floating wetlands area for waterfowl

Construction of an array of grassy floating gardens, tethered to the waterfront bulkhead below the southern face of the World Trade Center, began in the summer of 2010. This project, scheduled for completion by April 20, 2012, uses floating frames to build wetlands gardens in Baltimore's inner harbor. The Waterfront Partnership, a nonprofit group serving the businesses located at the inner harbor, started the project with eight small wetland floats, funded in 2010 with a grant from Blue Water Baltimore. Although the original floats were destroyed by Hurricane Irene, students from the Living Classrooms Foundation and volunteers from T. Rowe Price have built 50 new floating frames to restore the floating wetland system.

The inner harbor wetlands system is expected to extract at least two pounds of nitrogen from the water for every 100 pounds of grass growing on the floats. Its underside will also provide a habitat for small marine life, such as worms, barnacles, eels, crabs and mussels. Plants selected for the floats include a variety of marsh grasses which feed on nutrients from sewage leaks and storm runoff. Plastic beverage bottles, retrieved from trash floating in the inner harbor, are embedded in the structure of the floats to provide buoyancy.


See also

References

  1. "World Trade Center in Baltimore Tapped as Site for Maryland 9/11 Memorial". Office of Governor Martin O'Malley, press release. October 9, 2010. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
  2. ^ "World Trade Center". Pei Cobb Freed & Partners Architects LLP. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  3. Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., A Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 65. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8
  4. Robert C. Keith (2005). Baltimore harbor: a pictorial history. p. 127. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7980-9.
  5. "WTCA Handbook" (PDF). World Trade Centers Association. August 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  6. ^ Scott Calvert (October 5, 2001). "City's trade center enhances security". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  7. "History & Founders". World Trade Center Institute. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  8. Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., A Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 64. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8
  9. Edward Gunts (October 21, 1994). "Light up the sky: Trade center to become a downtown beacon". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  10. "Top of the World" Baltimore Office of Promotion & the Arts. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  11. Banks, Kathy (May 4, 2011). "Baltimore 9/11 Memorial Taking Shape". NBC News. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  12. Valcourt, Dereck (September 11, 2011). "Maryland Unveils 9/11 Memorial at Baltimore's World Trade Center". CBS News. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  13. ^ Jamie Smith Hopkins (September 11, 2011). "Maryland dedicates 9/11 memorial at Baltimore's World Trade Center". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  14. ^ "9/11 Memorial of Maryland Design Team Reveals First Look at Monument Honoring 63 Marylanders Who Perished in Sept. 11 Attacks". PRWeb. May 20, 2011. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  15. "Memorial Design". 9/11 Memorial of Maryland. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  16. Edward Gunts (May 18, 2011). "Design unveiled for 9/11 Memorial of Maryland". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  17. Meredith Cohn (October 21, 2003). "Tenants of city trade center tread water". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  18. "Maryland Transition" Transportation Workgroup (January 19, 2007), p. 16. Office of Governor Martin O'Malley. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  19. Jen DeGregiori (March 26, 2007). "Gov. O'Malley looking for ways to maintain ownership of Baltimore's World Trade Center" The Daily Record (Baltimore).
  20. "Audit Report: Maryland Port Administration." p. 8. Office of Legislative Audits (February 23, 2009).
  21. Andy Rosen (December 13, 2007). "State streamlines Baltimore's World Trade Center leasing process." The Daily Record (Baltimore).
  22. Andy Rosen (May 21, 2008). "Leasing agent for WTC seen as big step in making Inner Harbor." The Daily Record (Baltimore).
  23. BPW Agenda Archives, p. 26. Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Maryland Board of Public Works (May 21, 2008).
  24. ^ Timothy B. Wheeler (April 9, 2012). "Faux wetlands expand in harbor". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013.

External links

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