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{{Short description|Art that involves physical manipulation}} {{Short description|Art that involves physical manipulation}}
{{distinguish|Plastic in art}}

'''Plastic arts''' are ]s which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by ] or modeling such as ] or ]. The term is also used to refer to the ] (such as painting, sculpture, ceramics, architecture, film and photography), rather than literature and music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic%20arts |title=Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts") |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref> Materials for use in the plastic arts, in the narrower definition, include those that can be carved or shaped, such as stone or wood, ], glass, or ]. '''Plastic arts''' are ]s which involve physical manipulation of a ''plastic medium'', such as ], ], ]{{snd}} or even plastic in the modern sense of the word (a ] ]){{snd}} to create ]. The term is used more generally to refer to the ] (such as painting, sculpture, ceramics, architecture, film and photography), rather than literature and music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic%20arts |title=Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts") |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Jill Anderson |last=Kyle |date=2009 |title=Cezanne and American Modernism |editor-last1= Staviydky |editor-last2=Rothkoff |publisher=Yale University Press |edition=First |pages= |isbn=9780300147155}}</ref> Materials for use in the plastic arts, in the narrower definition, include those that can be carved or shaped, such as stone or wood, ], glass, or ].

] wrote an essay in 1937 entitled "''Plastic Art and Pure Plastic Art (Figurative Art and Non-Figurative Art)''" published in the book ''CIRCLE''. In this essay, as the title implies, "plastic" art is "figurative" and "objective"; whereas "pure plastic" art is "non-figurative" and "subjective".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mondrian |first1=Piet |title=CIRCLE |date=1937 |publisher=Faber and Faber Ltd |location=Internet Archive |isbn=0-571-09552-6 |pages=41–56 |url=https://archive.org/details/circleinternatio00mart/page/40/mode/2up |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
The word "plastic" draws from the Greek word "plasticos," which means "to mold" or "to shape." It has long preceded its dominant modern meaning as an ]. The word "''plastic''" draws from the Greek word "plastikos," which means "to mold" or "to shape." It has long preceded its dominant modern meaning as a ]. The term "''plastic arts''" has been used historically to denote visual art forms (painting, sculpture, and ceramics) as opposed to literature or music.

⚫ The oldest known "plastic arts" date back to 30,000–34,000 ]. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Witzel |first1=E. J. Michael |title=The Origins of the World's Mythologies |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199710157 |page=260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNvQCwAAQBAJ&q=%22Apart+from+rock+art%2C+whether+engraved%2C+drawn%2C+or+painted%2C+there+also+exist+some+examples+of+early+sculptures+and+plastic+art+%2830%2C000%E2%80%9334%2C000+bp+%29%22&pg=PA260 |language=en |quote=Apart from rock art, whether engraved, drawn, or painted, there also exist some examples of early sculptures and plastic art (30,000–34,000 bp )}}</ref>

==Philosophy==
⚫ In contrast to the limiting of 'plastic arts' to sculpture and architecture by ] in 1807,<ref>Russian Romantic Criticism: An Anthology, edited by Lauren Gray Leighton, Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987, {{ISBN|0313255849}}, {{ISBN|978-0313255847}}</ref> the German critic ] (1767–1845) applied the concept not only to visual arts, but also poetry.

⚫ Classical poetry lines he saw utilizing plastic isolation, and rhyme falling under the Romantic (domain).<ref>''The literary theories of August Wilhelm Schlegel'' by Ralph W. Ewton jnr, Published by Walter de Gruyter and Co (1972), {{ISBN|3110991632}}, {{ISBN|978-3110991635}}</ref>


The related terms ''plasticity'' and ''plasticism'' became more widely used in the early 20th century by critics discussing modern painting, particularly the works of ].<ref>{{cite book |first=Jill Anderson |last=Kyle |date=2009 |title=Cezanne and American Modernism |editor-last1= Staviydky |editor-last2=Rothkoff |publisher=Yale University Press |edition=First |pages=67,68 |url=https://archive.org/details/cezanneamericanm0000ceza/page/66/mode/2up |isbn=9780300147155}}</ref>
In Schlegel's Viennese lectures (1809–1811), published in 1827 as ''On the Theory and History of the Plastic Arts'', he contrasted the plasticism of Classical Art with picturesque Romanticism. He
⚫ The oldest known "plastic art" dates back to 30,000–34,000 ]. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Witzel |first1=E. J. Michael |title=The Origins of the World's Mythologies |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199710157 |page=260 |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofworldsm0000witz/page/260/mode/2up?q=plastic+arts |language=en |quote=Apart from rock art, whether engraved, drawn, or painted, there also exist some examples of early sculptures and plastic art (30,000–34,000 bp )}}</ref>


==Application to literature==
⚫ {{quotation|operated with the antinomy of terms plastic/pictorial, mechanically/ organically, finite/ infinite, and closed/accomplished. Schlegel stated that the spirit of the entire antique culture and poetry was plastic and that the spirit of modern culture, however, was picturesque (pittoresk)<ref>''Civic Art Then and Now: The Culture of Good Place-making'' by Charles C. Bohl, in Sitte, Hegemann and the Metropolis: Modern Civic Art and International Exchanges, edited by Charles Bohl and Jean-François Lejeune, Published by Routledge, 2009, {{ISBN|0415424070}}, {{ISBN|978-0415424073}}</ref>}} These distinctions were carried over into Russian Romanticism aesthetics
⚫ In contrast to the limiting of 'plastic arts' to sculpture and architecture by ] in 1807,<ref>{{cite book |title=Russian Romantic Criticism: An Anthology |editor-first= Lauren Gray |editor-last=Leighton |publisher= Greenwood Publishing Group |date=1987 |ISBN=978-0313255847}}</ref> the German critic ] (1767–1845) applied the concept not only to visual arts, but also poetry.


⚫ Classical poetry lines he saw using plastic isolation, and rhyme falling under the Romantic (domain).<ref>{{cite book |title=The literary theories of August Wilhelm Schlegel |first=Ralph W. |last=Ewton Jnr |publisher=Walter de Gruyter and Co |date=1972 |ISBN=978-3110991635}}</ref>
{{quotation|] objected to the indiscriminate use of the term 'pictures'.


⚫ In Schlegel's Viennese lectures (1809–1811), published in 1827 as ''On the Theory and History of the Plastic Arts'', he contrasted the plasticism of Classical Art with picturesque Romanticism: {{quotation| operated with the ] of terms plastic/pictorial, mechanically/ organically, finite/ infinite, and closed/accomplished. Schlegel stated that the spirit of the entire antique culture and poetry was plastic and that the spirit of modern culture, however, was picturesque (pittoresk)<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Civic Art Then and Now: The Culture of Good Place-making |first= Charles C.|last= Bohl |title=Sitte, Hegemann and the Metropolis: Modern Civic Art and International Exchanges |editor-first1= Charles |editor-last1= Bohl |editor-first2=Jean-François |editor-last2= Lejeune |publisher= Routledge |date=2009 |ISBN=978-0415424073}}</ref>}}
In his use of August Schlegel's term 'plastic' (''plastisch'', ''plastika'') he argues for a return to the simple, primitive, enclosed, defined, limited, finite, corporeal, and plastic world of the ancients. There seem to have been two interpretations of the plastic - picturesque contrast (antitheses) in Romantic Idealist philosophy. As Venevitinov uses the contrast, and as August Schlegel intended it to be used when he defined it in Lecture I of ''Vorlesungen über dramatische Kunst und Literatur'', it denoted the difference between the corporeal mind of the man of antiquity and the 'picturesque' mind of modern man. Ancient art appeals directly to the senses, modern art gives rise to mental pictures or images. The former is therefore real and corporeal, the latter ideal.<ref>Russian Romantic Criticism: An Anthology, edited by Lauren Gray Leighton, Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987, {{ISBN|0313255849}}, {{ISBN|978-0313255847}}</ref>}}


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery class="center"> <gallery class="center">
File:Venus de Brassempouy.jpg|'']'', a 25th millennium BC carving in ]
File:Painel2.jpg
File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|'']'' was created by ] using oil paints during the ] in the 15th century.
File:Patrick-Saytour-Torchons-Collection-exposition-Nîmes-2008.jpg|Saytour Torchons ]
File:Edith Meusnier - Sarabande - Musée des Tissus - Lyon - hiver 2007-2008.jpg|Sarabande Musée des Tissus ] 2007-2008 File:Edith Meusnier - Sarabande - Musée des Tissus - Lyon - hiver 2007-2008.jpg|Sarabande Musée des Tissus ] 2007-2008 (fabric)
File:Maillol - Sculpture 04.jpg |Sculpture in ] by ]
File:Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg|] Ale'ya ] ] 2009.
File:Edith Meusnier - Sortilège - Festival Artec - La Ferté Bernard - mai 2010.jpg|La Ferté Bernard Festival Artec 2010 File:Edith Meusnier - Sortilège - Festival Artec - La Ferté Bernard - mai 2010.jpg|La Ferté Bernard Festival Artec 2010
File:Edith Meusnier - Artefact - Bois de Belle Rivière - Québec - été 2010.jpg|Bois de Belle Rivière ] 2010
File:If_it_wasn%27t_for_plastic_money_I_wouldn%27t_have_any_money_at_all.jpg|''MasterCard/Visa (If it wasn't for plastic money I wouldn't have any money at all)'' Tyler Turkle, 2006, Poured Acrylic, 54 × 43 inches File:If_it_wasn%27t_for_plastic_money_I_wouldn%27t_have_any_money_at_all.jpg|''MasterCard/Visa (If it wasn't for plastic money I wouldn't have any money at all)'' Tyler Turkle, 2006, Poured Acrylic, 54 × 43 inches
File:Barcelona mies v d rohe pavillon weltausstellung1999 03.jpg|] (1929), designed by ]
<!-- Deleted image removed: File:Guardians_of_Time_by_Manfred_Kielnhofer.jpg|PVC molding by ] 2014 -->
</gallery> </gallery>


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* {{Annotated link |Handicraft}} * {{Annotated link |Handicraft}}
* {{Annotated link |Media (arts)}} * {{Annotated link |Media (arts)}}
* {{Annotated link |Neoplasticism}} (according to ])
* {{Annotated link |Plastic in art}} * {{Annotated link |Plastic in art}}
* {{Annotated link |Visual arts}} * {{Annotated link |Visual arts}}

Latest revision as of 15:16, 6 November 2024

Art that involves physical manipulation Not to be confused with Plastic in art.

Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium, such as clay, wax, paint – or even plastic in the modern sense of the word (a ductile polymer) – to create works of art. The term is used more generally to refer to the visual arts (such as painting, sculpture, ceramics, architecture, film and photography), rather than literature and music. Materials for use in the plastic arts, in the narrower definition, include those that can be carved or shaped, such as stone or wood, concrete, glass, or metal.

History

The word "plastic" draws from the Greek word "plastikos," which means "to mold" or "to shape." It has long preceded its dominant modern meaning as a synthetic material. The term "plastic arts" has been used historically to denote visual art forms (painting, sculpture, and ceramics) as opposed to literature or music.

The related terms plasticity and plasticism became more widely used in the early 20th century by critics discussing modern painting, particularly the works of Paul Cézanne.

The oldest known "plastic art" dates back to 30,000–34,000 BP.

Application to literature

In contrast to the limiting of 'plastic arts' to sculpture and architecture by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling in 1807, the German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845) applied the concept not only to visual arts, but also poetry.

Classical poetry lines he saw using plastic isolation, and rhyme falling under the Romantic (domain).

In Schlegel's Viennese lectures (1809–1811), published in 1827 as On the Theory and History of the Plastic Arts, he contrasted the plasticism of Classical Art with picturesque Romanticism:

operated with the antinomy of terms plastic/pictorial, mechanically/ organically, finite/ infinite, and closed/accomplished. Schlegel stated that the spirit of the entire antique culture and poetry was plastic and that the spirit of modern culture, however, was picturesque (pittoresk)

Gallery

See also

  • Art materials – Materials and tools used to create a work of artPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
  • Handicraft – Item production made completely by hand or with simple tools
  • Media (arts) – Materials and tools used to create a work of artPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
  • Neoplasticism – Art theory espousing pure abstraction (according to Mondrian)
  • Plastic in art – Use of synthetic materials to create art
  • Visual arts – Art forms involving visual perception

References

  1. "Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts")". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
  2. Kyle, Jill Anderson (2009). Staviydky; Rothkoff (eds.). Cezanne and American Modernism (First ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 67, 68. ISBN 9780300147155.
  3. Kyle, Jill Anderson (2009). Staviydky; Rothkoff (eds.). Cezanne and American Modernism (First ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 67, 68. ISBN 9780300147155.
  4. Witzel, E. J. Michael (2012). The Origins of the World's Mythologies. Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 9780199710157. Apart from rock art, whether engraved, drawn, or painted, there also exist some examples of early sculptures and plastic art (30,000–34,000 bp )
  5. Leighton, Lauren Gray, ed. (1987). Russian Romantic Criticism: An Anthology. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313255847.
  6. Ewton Jnr, Ralph W. (1972). The literary theories of August Wilhelm Schlegel. Walter de Gruyter and Co. ISBN 978-3110991635.
  7. Bohl, Charles C. (2009). "Civic Art Then and Now: The Culture of Good Place-making". In Bohl, Charles; Lejeune, Jean-François (eds.). Sitte, Hegemann and the Metropolis: Modern Civic Art and International Exchanges. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415424073.

Further reading

  • Barnes, A. C., The Art in Painting, 3rd ed., 1937, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., NY. OCLC 1572753
  • Bukumirovic, D. (1998). Maga Magazinovic. Biblioteka Fatalne srpkinje knj. br. 4. Beograd: Narodna knj.
  • Fazenda, M. J. (1997). Between the pictorial and the expression of ideas: the plastic arts and literature in the dance of Paula Massano. N.p.
  • Gerón, C. (2000). Enciclopedia de las artes plásticas dominicanas: 1844–2000. 4th ed. Dominican Republic s.n.
  • Schlegel, August Wilhelm., (1966) Vorlesungen uber dramatische Kunst und Literatur, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag, 1966, p. 21f.

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