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| {{Short description|Tarot card of the Major Arcana}} | {{Short description|Tarot card of the Major Arcana}} | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| '''Temperance (XIV)''' is one of the 22 ] cards in ] decks. It is usually numbered 14. It depicts a figure which represents the virtue ]. Along with ] and Strength, it is one of three ] which are given their own cards in traditional tarot. |
'''Temperance (XIV)''' is one of the 22 ] cards in ] decks. It is usually numbered 14. It depicts a figure which represents the virtue ]. Along with ] and Strength, it is one of three ] which are given their own cards in traditional tarot.{{sfnp|Place|2005}} It is used in both ] and in ]. | ||
| == Identity of the figure == | == Identity of the figure == | ||
| Temperance almost invariably depicts a figure with pouring liquid from one cup to another. This figure is usually referred to as the virtue Temperance or as an angel, though several other interpretations also exist. In particular, ] suggests that the figure once represented ], who served as cup bearer to ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huson |first=Paul |title=Mystical origins of the tarot: From ancient roots to modern usage |date=2004 |publisher=Destiny Books |isbn=978-0-89281-190-8 |location=Rochester, Vt}}</ref> Though it is possible that the figure could also be the goddess ] or the archangel ]. |
Temperance almost invariably depicts a figure with pouring liquid from one cup to another. This figure is usually referred to as the virtue Temperance or as an angel, though several other interpretations also exist. In particular, ] suggests that the figure once represented ], who served as cup bearer to ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huson |first=Paul |title=Mystical origins of the tarot: From ancient roots to modern usage |date=2004 |publisher=Destiny Books |isbn=978-0-89281-190-8 |location=Rochester, Vt}}</ref> Though it is possible that the figure could also be the goddess ] or the archangel ].{{sfnp|Place|2005}} The former of these interpretations is supported by the rainbow which is often added above her head and the fact that the flowers pictured in the ] version of the card are ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Neill |first=R.V. |title=Tarot Symbolism |publisher=Fairway Press |year=1986 |edition=1st}}</ref> | ||
| == Description == | == Description == | ||
| Temperance ({{ |
Temperance ({{langx|it|La Temperanza}}) appears in the oldest ] decks where it is numbered '''VI''' or '''VII'''. In the ] and in most contemporary decks the card is numbered '''XIV'''. In the ] and decks influenced by it, this card is called '''Art''' rather than Temperance.<ref>{{Cite web|title = TAROT - The Royal Road: 14 TEMPERANCE XIV|url = http://tarot-theroyalroad.blogspot.com/2011/06/14-temperance-xiv.html|website = TAROT - The Royal Road|access-date = 2015-09-16|first = Joanne Sacred|last = Scribes}}</ref> | ||
| ] of Temperance in European iconography. This statue is part of ]'s tomb.]] | ] of Temperance in European iconography. This statue is part of ]'s tomb.]] | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
| In the Rider–Waite image by Pamela Coleman-Smith (shown on this page) the Hebrew ] is on the angel's chest above the square and triangle. In the derivative Tarot decks this is usually not included. | In the Rider–Waite image by Pamela Coleman-Smith (shown on this page) the Hebrew ] is on the angel's chest above the square and triangle. In the derivative Tarot decks this is usually not included. | ||
| According to ]'s 1910 book '']'', |
According to ]'s 1910 book '']'', the Temperance card is associated with: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| <blockquote>14.TEMPERANCE.--Economy, moderation, frugality, management, accommodation. ''Reversed:'' Things connected with churches, religions, sects, the priesthood, sometimes even the priest who will marry Querent; also disunion, unfortunate combinations, competing interests.{{sfnp|Waite|1979}}</blockquote> | |||
| ⚫ | In ], the Temperance card is associated with the masculine, mutable-fire ] of ] and its ruling planet, ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taste of Tarot: Temperance & Sagittarius |url=https://www.tarot.com/tarot/temperance-tarot-card-sagittarius-zodiac-sign |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Tarot.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| === Works cited === | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Place |first=Robert |author-link=Robert M. Place |year=2005 |title=The Tarot: History, Symbolism, and Divination |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4406-4975-2}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Waite |first=A. E. |author-link=A. E. Waite |year=1979 |orig-year=1910 |title=The Pictorial Key to the Tarot |place=New York |publisher=] |isbn=0-87728-218-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/pictorialkeytota00arth |url-access=registration}} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| == Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| * ]'s 1910 '']'' | |||
| * Hajo Banzhaf |
* {{cite book |first=Hajo |last=Banzhaf |title=Tarot and the Journey of the Hero |year=2000 |publisher=Weiser Books |isbn=978-1-57863-117-9 |ref=none}} | ||
| * {{cite book |last=Butler |first=Bill |title=Dictionary of the Tarot |place=New York |publisher=Schocken Books |year=1975 |isbn=0-8052-0559-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftaro00bill |url-access=registration |ref=none}} | |||
| * Most works by ] | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Gray |first=Eden |author-link=Eden Gray |year=1988 |orig-year=1960 |title=The Tarot Revealed: A Modern Guide to Reading the Tarot Cards |publisher=Signet |isbn=978-0-451-15673-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/tarotrevealedmo00gray |url-access=registration |ref=none}} | |||
| ⚫ | * G. Ronald Murphy |
||
| * {{cite book |last=Knight |first=Gareth |author-link=Gareth Knight |year=1991 |title=The Magical World of the Tarot: Fourfold Mirror of the Universe |publisher=Aquarian |isbn=978-0-85030-940-9 |ref=none}} | |||
| *], ''Folklore'' 109 (1998):15-24, "The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Tradition: A Study in Modern Legend Making" (1998) | |||
| ⚫ | * {{cite book |first=G. Ronald |last=Murphy |title=The Owl, The Raven, and The Dove: Religious Meaning of the Grimm's Magic Fairy Tales |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803112-3 |ref=none}} | ||
| * {{cite book |last=Pollack |first=Rachel |author-link=Rachel Pollack |year=1997 |orig-year=1980 |title=Seventy Eight Degrees of Wisdom: A Book of Tarot |publisher=Thorsons |isbn=978-0-7225-3572-1 |ref=none}} | |||
| * {{cite journal |last=Wood |first=Juliette |author-link=Juliette Wood |journal=Folklore |volume=109 |date=1998 |pages=15–24 |title=The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Tradition: A Study in Modern Legend Making |issue=1–2 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.1998.9715957 |ref=none}} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| {{commons category|Temperance (Major Arcana)}} | {{commons category inline|Temperance (Major Arcana)}} | ||
| {{Major Arcana}} | {{Major Arcana}} | ||
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Temperance (Tarot Card)}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Temperance (Tarot Card)}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:39, 13 December 2024
Tarot card of the Major Arcana
Temperance (XIV) is one of the 22 Major Arcana cards in Tarot decks. It is usually numbered 14. It depicts a figure which represents the virtue Temperance. Along with Justice and Strength, it is one of three Virtues which are given their own cards in traditional tarot. It is used in both game playing and in divination.
Identity of the figure
Temperance almost invariably depicts a figure with pouring liquid from one cup to another. This figure is usually referred to as the virtue Temperance or as an angel, though several other interpretations also exist. In particular, Paul Huson suggests that the figure once represented Ganymede, who served as cup bearer to Zeus. Though it is possible that the figure could also be the goddess Iris or the archangel Michael. The former of these interpretations is supported by the rainbow which is often added above her head and the fact that the flowers pictured in the Rider–Waite Tarot version of the card are Irises.
Description
Temperance (Italian: La Temperanza) appears in the oldest Italian decks where it is numbered VI or VII. In the Tarot de Marseille and in most contemporary decks the card is numbered XIV. In the Thoth Tarot and decks influenced by it, this card is called Art rather than Temperance.
Temperance is almost invariably depicted as a person pouring liquid from one receptacle into another. Historically, this was a standard symbol of the virtue temperance, one of the cardinal virtues, representing the dilution of wine with water. In many decks, the person is a winged angel, usually female or androgynous, and stands with one foot on water and one foot on land.
At the end of the path in the lower left part of the card, there is a crown to show the attainment of a goal, or mastery thereof.
In the Rider–Waite image by Pamela Coleman-Smith (shown on this page) the Hebrew Tetragrammaton is on the angel's chest above the square and triangle. In the derivative Tarot decks this is usually not included.
According to A.E. Waite's 1910 book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot, the Temperance card is associated with:
14.TEMPERANCE.--Economy, moderation, frugality, management, accommodation. Reversed: Things connected with churches, religions, sects, the priesthood, sometimes even the priest who will marry Querent; also disunion, unfortunate combinations, competing interests.
In astrology, the Temperance card is associated with the masculine, mutable-fire sign of Sagittarius and its ruling planet, Jupiter.
References
- ^ Place (2005).
- Huson, Paul (2004). Mystical origins of the tarot: From ancient roots to modern usage. Rochester, Vt: Destiny Books. ISBN 978-0-89281-190-8.
- O'Neill, R.V. (1986). Tarot Symbolism (1st ed.). Fairway Press.
- Scribes, Joanne Sacred. "TAROT - The Royal Road: 14 TEMPERANCE XIV". TAROT - The Royal Road. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- Gray, Eden. "Complete Guide to the Tarot." 1970. Crown Publishers, New York, NY.
- Waite (1979).
- "A Taste of Tarot: Temperance & Sagittarius". Tarot.com. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
Works cited
- Place, Robert (2005). The Tarot: History, Symbolism, and Divination. New York: Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4406-4975-2.
- Waite, A. E. (1979) . The Pictorial Key to the Tarot. New York: Samuel Weiser. ISBN 0-87728-218-8.
Further reading
- Banzhaf, Hajo (2000). Tarot and the Journey of the Hero. Weiser Books. ISBN 978-1-57863-117-9.
- Butler, Bill (1975). Dictionary of the Tarot. New York: Schocken Books. ISBN 0-8052-0559-4.
- Gray, Eden (1988) . The Tarot Revealed: A Modern Guide to Reading the Tarot Cards. Signet. ISBN 978-0-451-15673-0.
- Knight, Gareth (1991). The Magical World of the Tarot: Fourfold Mirror of the Universe. Aquarian. ISBN 978-0-85030-940-9.
- Murphy, G. Ronald (2000). The Owl, The Raven, and The Dove: Religious Meaning of the Grimm's Magic Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-803112-3.
- Pollack, Rachel (1997) . Seventy Eight Degrees of Wisdom: A Book of Tarot. Thorsons. ISBN 978-0-7225-3572-1.
- Wood, Juliette (1998). "The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Tradition: A Study in Modern Legend Making". Folklore. 109 (1–2): 15–24. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1998.9715957.
External links
Media related to Temperance (Major Arcana) at Wikimedia Commons
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