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| | fossil_range = {{geological range | Wuliuan | Wuliuan | ] }} | | fossil_range = {{geological range | Wuliuan | Wuliuan | ] }} | ||
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| | genus = Gyaltsenglossus | | genus = Gyaltsenglossus | ||
| | parent_authority = Nanglu, Caron, & Cameron, 2020 | | parent_authority = Nanglu, Caron, & Cameron, 2020 | ||
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| '''''Gyaltsenglossus''''' is a monospecific ] known from the ] of Canada that is notable for advancing the understanding of the early evolution of the phylum Hemichordata.<ref name=ROM>{{cite magazine|last1=ROM |first1=Karma |title=A Cambrian Puzzle: An Ancient, Fossilized Marine Worm Crawls into the Light |magazine=ROM Magazine |publisher=Royal Ontario Museum |location=Toronto |date=Fall 2020}}</ref> Its discovery has been hailed as a "breakthrough" due to featuring both ]-like feeding tentacles and an ]-like proboscis-tipped elongate body, thus uniting the two morphologically disparate orders of the Hemichordata.<ref name=Martynov>{{cite journal|last1=Martynov |first1=Alexander V. |last2=Korshunova |first2=Tatiana A. |title=Renewed perspectives on the sedentary-pelagic last common bilaterian ancestor |journal=Contributions to Zoology |volume=91 |pages=285–352 |doi=10.1163/18759866-bja10034}}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis recovered '''''Gyaltsenglossus senis''''' as the first known ] hemichordate.<ref name=Nanglu /> | '''''Gyaltsenglossus''''' ({{respell|GEN|zay|gloss|us}}; from ''Gyaltsen'', the discoverer's father's name, and the Greek ''glossa'', meaning "tongue", a common generic suffix for hemichordates; the species name ''senis'' derives from the Greek ''senex'' meaning “old”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emilydamstra.com/a-fossil-worm-new-to-science-but-half-a-billion-years-old/ |date=August 27, 2020 |access-date=July 4, 2024 |last=Damstra |first=Emily S. |title=A fossil worm new to science, but half a billion years old}}</ref>) is a monospecific ] known from the ] of Canada that is notable for advancing the understanding of the early evolution of the phylum Hemichordata.<ref name=ROM>{{cite magazine|last1=ROM |first1=Karma |title=A Cambrian Puzzle: An Ancient, Fossilized Marine Worm Crawls into the Light |magazine=ROM Magazine |publisher=Royal Ontario Museum |location=Toronto |date=Fall 2020}}</ref> Its discovery has been hailed as a "breakthrough" due to featuring both ]-like feeding tentacles and an ]-like proboscis-tipped elongate body, thus uniting the two morphologically disparate orders of the Hemichordata.<ref name=Martynov>{{cite journal|last1=Martynov |first1=Alexander V. |last2=Korshunova |first2=Tatiana A. |title=Renewed perspectives on the sedentary-pelagic last common bilaterian ancestor |journal=Contributions to Zoology |date=2022 |volume=91 |issue=4–5 |pages=285–352 |doi=10.1163/18759866-bja10034}}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis recovered '''''Gyaltsenglossus senis''''' as the first known ] hemichordate.<ref name=Nanglu /> | ||
| ''Gyaltsenglossus'' was able to both attach to a substrate for upright suspension feeding and crawl along the seafloor for deposit feeding, suggesting that bimodal feeding may have been an early feature of the hemichordates. Its bulbous posterior structure is similar to Cambrian enteropneusts, making it likely that this structure, as well as paired feeding arms derived from the dorsal collar, were likely present in the hemichordate last common ancestor.<ref name=Nanglu>{{cite journal|last1=Nanglu |first1=Karma |last2=Caron |first2=Jean-Bernard |last3=Cameron |first3=Christopher B. |date=November 2, 2020 |journal=Current Biology |volume=30 |pages=4238–4244 |title=Cambrian Tentaculate Worms and the Origin of the Hemichordate Body Plan |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.078}}</ref> In addition to characteristics from both major hemichordate clades, ''Gyaltsenglossus'' had a row of short, thin appendages projecting from a small elevated platform behind the collar. These have no clear homologs within Hemichordata. | ''Gyaltsenglossus'' was able to both attach to a substrate for upright suspension feeding and crawl along the seafloor for deposit feeding, suggesting that bimodal feeding may have been an early feature of the hemichordates. Its bulbous posterior structure is similar to Cambrian enteropneusts, making it likely that this structure, as well as paired feeding arms derived from the dorsal collar, were likely present in the hemichordate last common ancestor.<ref name=Nanglu>{{cite journal|last1=Nanglu |first1=Karma |last2=Caron |first2=Jean-Bernard |last3=Cameron |first3=Christopher B. |date=November 2, 2020 |journal=Current Biology |volume=30 |pages=4238–4244 |title=Cambrian Tentaculate Worms and the Origin of the Hemichordate Body Plan |issue=21 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.078|pmid=32857969 |bibcode=2020CBio...30E4238N }}</ref> In addition to characteristics from both major hemichordate clades, ''Gyaltsenglossus'' had a row of short, thin appendages projecting from a small elevated platform behind the collar. These have no clear homologs within Hemichordata. | ||
| The contrast between the short, broad nature of ''Gyaltsenglossus''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s attachment structure and the long, narrow stalks of both pterobranches and the possible stem-] '']'' has been held to imply a slender, stolon-like structure for earlier stem hemichordates. The nature of early attachment structures has implications for the debate over whether the earliest bilaterian was sedentary.<ref name=Martynov /> While no tubes were found associated with ''Gyaltsenglossus'', it is possible that they might exist.<ref name=Nanglu /> | The contrast between the short, broad nature of ''Gyaltsenglossus''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s attachment structure and the long, narrow stalks of both pterobranches and the possible stem-] '']'' has been held to imply a slender, stolon-like structure for earlier stem hemichordates. The nature of early attachment structures has implications for the debate over whether the earliest bilaterian was sedentary.<ref name=Martynov /> While no tubes were found associated with ''Gyaltsenglossus'', it is possible that they might exist.<ref name=Nanglu /> | ||
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{{Taxonbar|from1=Q111575114|from2=Q111575057}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 10:47, 3 December 2024
Genus of hemichordate animal
| Gyaltsenglossus Temporal range: Wuliuan PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Hemichordata |
| Genus: | †Gyaltsenglossus Nanglu, Caron, & Cameron, 2020 |
| Species: | †G. senis |
| Binomial name | |
| †Gyaltsenglossus senis Nanglu, Caron, & Cameron, 2020 | |
Gyaltsenglossus (GEN-zay-gloss-us; from Gyaltsen, the discoverer's father's name, and the Greek glossa, meaning "tongue", a common generic suffix for hemichordates; the species name senis derives from the Greek senex meaning “old”) is a monospecific hemichordate known from the Burgess Shale of Canada that is notable for advancing the understanding of the early evolution of the phylum Hemichordata. Its discovery has been hailed as a "breakthrough" due to featuring both Pterobranch-like feeding tentacles and an Enteropneust-like proboscis-tipped elongate body, thus uniting the two morphologically disparate orders of the Hemichordata. A phylogenetic analysis recovered Gyaltsenglossus senis as the first known stem group hemichordate.
Gyaltsenglossus was able to both attach to a substrate for upright suspension feeding and crawl along the seafloor for deposit feeding, suggesting that bimodal feeding may have been an early feature of the hemichordates. Its bulbous posterior structure is similar to Cambrian enteropneusts, making it likely that this structure, as well as paired feeding arms derived from the dorsal collar, were likely present in the hemichordate last common ancestor. In addition to characteristics from both major hemichordate clades, Gyaltsenglossus had a row of short, thin appendages projecting from a small elevated platform behind the collar. These have no clear homologs within Hemichordata.
The contrast between the short, broad nature of Gyaltsenglossus's attachment structure and the long, narrow stalks of both pterobranches and the possible stem-echinoderm Yanjiahella has been held to imply a slender, stolon-like structure for earlier stem hemichordates. The nature of early attachment structures has implications for the debate over whether the earliest bilaterian was sedentary. While no tubes were found associated with Gyaltsenglossus, it is possible that they might exist.
References
- Damstra, Emily S. (August 27, 2020). "A fossil worm new to science, but half a billion years old". Retrieved July 4, 2024.
- ROM, Karma (Fall 2020). "A Cambrian Puzzle: An Ancient, Fossilized Marine Worm Crawls into the Light". ROM Magazine. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
- ^ Martynov, Alexander V.; Korshunova, Tatiana A. (2022). "Renewed perspectives on the sedentary-pelagic last common bilaterian ancestor". Contributions to Zoology. 91 (4–5): 285–352. doi:10.1163/18759866-bja10034.
- ^ Nanglu, Karma; Caron, Jean-Bernard; Cameron, Christopher B. (November 2, 2020). "Cambrian Tentaculate Worms and the Origin of the Hemichordate Body Plan". Current Biology. 30 (21): 4238–4244. Bibcode:2020CBio...30E4238N. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.078. PMID 32857969.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Gyaltsenglossus | |
| Gyaltsenglossus senis | |
 | This article needs additional or more specific categories. Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. (June 2024) |