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| {{Short description|City in Bingöl Province, Turkey}} | {{Short description|City in Bingöl Province, Turkey}} | ||
| {{About|the city|the province|Bingöl Province}} | {{About|the city|the province|Bingöl Province}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{Infobox Turkey place | {{Infobox Turkey place | ||
| | type = municipality | | type = municipality | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
| | area_total_km2 = | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| | elevation_m = 1120 | | elevation_m = 1120 | ||
| | population_footnotes = |
| population_footnotes =<ref name=tuik/> | ||
| | population_total = 133423 | | population_total = 133423 | ||
| | population_as_of = 2022 | | population_as_of = 2022 | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| '''Bingöl''' ({{langx|hy|Ճապաղջուր|translit=Chapaghjur}}, {{langx|ku |
'''Bingöl''' ({{langx|hy|Ճապաղջուր|translit=Chapaghjur}}, {{langx|ku-Latn|Çewlik}},<ref>{{cite book |author1=Adem |first=Avcıkıran |url= |title=Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî |date=2009 |page=55 |language=tr, ku |access-date=}}</ref> {{Langx|diq|Çewlîg}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ferhengê Kirmanckî (Zazakî)-Tirkî: Kırmancca (Zazaca)-Türkçe Sözlük |publisher=Weşanxaneyê Vateyî |year=2009 |isbn=978-975-6278-40-6 |pages=106 |language=tr, diq}}</ref>), known as '''Çapakçur''' before 1944, is a city in ]. It is the seat of ] and ],<ref name=ilce>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</ref> having a population of 133,423 (2022).<ref name=tuik/> | ||
| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of ] (first an ] and later an ] and ] province).<ref name="Karavachar">{{cite book|last1=Hakobyan|first1=Tadevos Kh.|url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80|title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան |last2=Melik-Bakhshyan|first2=Stepan T.|last3=Barseghyan|first3=Hovhannes Kh.|date=1991|publisher=Yerevan State University Publishing House|volume=3|location=Yerevan|page=603|language=hy}}</ref> The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian ], who mentions it while describing the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of ] ( |
Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of ] (first an ] and later an ] and ] province).<ref name="Karavachar">{{cite book|last1=Hakobyan|first1=Tadevos Kh.|url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80|title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան |last2=Melik-Bakhshyan|first2=Stepan T.|last3=Barseghyan|first3=Hovhannes Kh.|date=1991|publisher=Yerevan State University Publishing House|volume=3|location=Yerevan|page=603|language=hy}}</ref> The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian ], who mentions it while describing the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of ] (''Ktarich'' in Armenian).<ref name="Karavachar" /> | ||
| In the ], Bingöl was known as ''Romanoupolis'' ({{langx|el|Ῥωμανούπολις}}) after the ] emperor ], who incorporated it into the ] in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the '']'' of ], but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oikonomides|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Oikonomides|title=Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles|location=Paris, France|publisher=Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique|year=1972|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFdmAAAAMAAJ | page=359}}</ref> | In the ], Bingöl was known as ''Romanoupolis'' ({{langx|el|Ῥωμανούπολις}}) after the ] emperor ], who incorporated it into the ] in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the '']'' of ], but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oikonomides|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Oikonomides|title=Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles|location=Paris, France|publisher=Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique|year=1972|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFdmAAAAMAAJ | page=359}}</ref> | ||
| Line 194: | Line 194: | ||
| | language = tr | | language = tr | ||
| | access-date = 27 June 2021}}</ref> | | access-date = 27 June 2021}}</ref> | ||
| |source 2 = ] (humidity)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bingol_17203.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for |
|source 2 = ] (humidity)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bingol_17203.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bingol |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=] |no-pp=y |format=CSV |quote=WMO Station number: 17203}}</ref> | ||
| |date= March 2011 | |date= March 2011 | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| === Earthquakes === | === Earthquakes === | ||
| On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a ], leaving 176 dead and 520 injured.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Aydan|first=Ö.|date=July 2003|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering|page=1}}</ref> On 8 March 2010, the area suffered ], of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in ], {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, ] occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.<ref>{{Cite web|date= |
On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a ], leaving 176 dead and 520 injured.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Aydan|first=Ö.|date=July 2003|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering|page=1}}</ref> On 8 March 2010, the area suffered ], of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in ], {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, ] occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/15/bingol-de-meydana-gelen-depremde-bir-guvenlik-gorevlisi-hayatini-kaybetti|access-date=2020-10-21|website=euronews|language=tr}}</ref> | ||
| == Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
| Line 206: | Line 206: | ||
| {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| |+ Mother tongue, ], ]<ref name=1927census>{{Cite journal |last=Sertel |first=Savaş |date=2014 |
|+ Mother tongue, ], ]<ref name=1927census>{{Cite journal |last=Sertel |first=Savaş |date=1 January 2014 |title=ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE BİNGÖL NÜFUSU |url=https://www.academia.edu/37923564/ERKEN_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET_D%C3%96NEM%C4%B0NDE_B%C4%B0NG%C3%96L_N%C3%9CFUSU |journal=XVII. TTK Bildiri Kitabi}}</ref> | ||
| ! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! Unknown or other languages | ! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! Unknown or other languages | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| Line 247: | Line 247: | ||
| == Mayors of Bingöl == | == Mayors of Bingöl == | ||
| * ] |
* ]–1979 ] (]) | ||
| * |
* 1979–] Hilmi Elçi (]) | ||
| * ]–] Mehmet Sıddık Börü (]) | * ]–] Mehmet Sıddık Börü (]) | ||
| * ]–] Selahattin Kaya (]) | * ]–] Selahattin Kaya (]) | ||
| Line 257: | Line 257: | ||
| * ]–] Serdar Atalay (]) | * ]–] Serdar Atalay (]) | ||
| * ]–] Yücel Barakazi (]) | * ]–] Yücel Barakazi (]) | ||
| * ] |
* ]–present ] (]) | ||
| == Notable people == | == Notable people == | ||
Latest revision as of 04:57, 21 December 2024
City in Bingöl Province, Turkey This article is about the city. For the province, see Bingöl Province.Municipality in Turkey
| Bingöl | |
|---|---|
| Municipality | |
 | |
  BingölLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 38°53′10″N 40°30′6″E / 38.88611°N 40.50167°E / 38.88611; 40.50167 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bingöl |
| District | Bingöl |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Erdal Arıkan (AK Party) |
| Elevation | 1,120 m (3,670 ft) |
| Population | 133,423 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 12000 |
| Area code | 0426 |
| Website | www |
Bingöl (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, romanized: Chapaghjur, Kurdish: Çewlik, Zazaki: Çewlîg), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, having a population of 133,423 (2022).
Etymology
One of the historical names for the city, Bingöl literally means thousand lakes in Turkish; however, there are not any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the province. The name rather refers to many tarns found around the city.
History
Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an independent kingdom and later an Armenian and Roman province). The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian Stepanos Asoghik, who mentions it while describing the 995 Balu earthquake. Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of Citharizum (Ktarich in Armenian).
In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis (Greek: Ῥωμανούπολις) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.
Further information: Emirate of BingölBingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the Barmakids, from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the Ottomans. Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the Armenian genocide. Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name. In 1944, the place was renamed Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.
Kurdish-Turkish conflict
Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by PKK militia members killed two police officers and injured 19 others. On 8 June 2018, a group of PKK militia members attacked a military station and killed one Turkish soldier while injuring three others.
Geography
Bingöl is 144 kilometres (89 mi) east of Elazığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level. The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (Murat River), runs through the city.
Climate
Bingöl has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa, or Trewartha climate classification Dca), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.
Highest recorded temperature:42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on 26 July 2001
Lowest recorded temperature:−25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) on 27 February 1992
| Climate data for Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2023) (Station height:1139, coordinates:38°53′5″N 40°30′3″E / 38.88472°N 40.50083°E / 38.88472; 40.50083) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.3 (106.3) |
38.1 (100.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 138.7 (5.46) |
128.9 (5.07) |
134.4 (5.29) |
110.5 (4.35) |
82.5 (3.25) |
21.3 (0.84) |
6.6 (0.26) |
5.1 (0.20) |
15.4 (0.61) |
65.3 (2.57) |
93.1 (3.67) |
133.3 (5.25) |
935.1 (36.81) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.67 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 14.83 | 14.37 | 5.37 | 2 | 1.5 | 2.83 | 8.47 | 8.93 | 12.57 | 110 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72.8 | 71.1 | 65.5 | 60.9 | 57.1 | 44.3 | 37.2 | 35.9 | 41.4 | 56.4 | 65 | 73.2 | 56.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.4 | 124.3 | 148.8 | 165.0 | 213.9 | 270.0 | 285.2 | 275.9 | 240.0 | 189.1 | 135.0 | 102.3 | 2,254.9 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 6.2 |
| Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA NCEI (humidity) | |||||||||||||
Earthquakes
On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 176 dead and 520 injured. On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elazığ Province, 45 km (28 mi) west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, a relatively small earthquake occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.
Demographics
Ethnic background
In 1891, the kaza had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians.
| Turkish | Arabic | Kurdish | Circassian | Armenian | Unknown or other languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 975 | 1 | 9,416 | – | – | – |
| Muslim | Armenian | Orthodox | Other Christian |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10,395 | – | – | – |
Population
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: Population censuses (1965–1997) and TÜIK (2007–2022) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport
Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500,000 a year.
Education
Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007. The university has nine faculties, six vocational schools and five institutes.
Mayors of Bingöl
- 1977–1979 Hikmet Tekin (MHP)
- 1979–1980 Hilmi Elçi (Independent)
- 1984–1989 Mehmet Sıddık Börü (ANAP)
- 1989–1994 Selahattin Kaya (SHP)
- 1994–1995 Selahattin Aydar (Refah Party)
- 1995–1999 Bedri Tuğ (Refah Party, Fazilet Party)
- 1999–2004 Feyzullah Karaaslan (HADEP, DEHAP)
- 2004–2009 Hacı Ketenalp (AK Party)
- 2009–2014 Serdar Atalay (AK Party)
- 2014–2019 Yücel Barakazi (AK Party)
- 2019–present Erdal Arıkan (AK Party)
Notable people
References
- ^ "Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters". TÜIK. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- Adem, Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 55.
- Ferhengê Kirmanckî (Zazakî)-Tirkî: Kırmancca (Zazaca)-Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish and Zazaki). Weşanxaneyê Vateyî. 2009. p. 106. ISBN 978-975-6278-40-6.
- İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- "Coğrafi Yapı". www.bintso.org.tr. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III. pp. 240–241. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- ^ Hakobyan, Tadevos Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, Stepan T.; Barseghyan, Hovhannes Kh. (1991). Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories] (in Armenian). Vol. 3. Yerevan: Yerevan State University Publishing House. p. 603.
- Oikonomides, Nicolas (1972). Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles (in French). Paris, France: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. p. 359.
- Mahfuz, Söylemez M. (2010). According to the Tahrir Register Dated 1550 Liva of Çapakçur (PDF). Bingöl: Bingöl Belediyesi Kültür Yayınlar. p. 17. ISBN 978-975-6788-82-0. OCLC 1030056968. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2020.
- "Italian City-states and Catholic Missions in Mongolian World of the 13th and 14th Centuries", ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p. 9; academia.edu
- Bingöl Tarihi, frmartuklu.org
- "Bingöl'de zırhlı polis aracına saldırı: 2 polis şehit, 5'i polis 19 yaralı". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). 23 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- DHA (8 June 2018). "Bingöl'de PKK pususu: 1 asker şehit, 3 asker yaralı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- Aydan, Ö. (July 2003). "THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003" (PDF). Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering. p. 4.
- "İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri". mgm.gov.tr. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bingol" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
WMO Station number: 17203
- Aydan, Ö. (July 2003). "THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003" (PDF). Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering. p. 1.
- "Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti". euronews (in Turkish). 15 June 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- "Kaza Chapaghjur – Ճապաղջուր". Virtual Genocide Memorial. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ Sertel, Savaş (1 January 2014). "ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE BİNGÖL NÜFUSU". XVII. TTK Bildiri Kitabi.
- "1965 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2022.
- "1970 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022.
- "1975 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022.
- "1980 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2022.
- "1985 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1986. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2021.
- "1990 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021.
- "1997 Population Count" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2022.
- Bingöl University Archived 11 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine